Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson, INTRODUCTION.

INTRODUCTION.

Introduction.

OUR age is retrospective. It builds the sepulchres of the fathers. It writes biographies, histories, and criticism. The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs? Embosomed for a season in nature, whose floods of life stream around and through us, and invite us by the powers they supply, to action proportioned to nature, why should we grope among the dry bones of the past, or put the living generation into masquerade out of its faded wardrobe? The sun shines to-day also. There is more wool and flax in the fields. There are new lands, new men, new thoughts. Let us demand our own works and laws and worship.

Undoubtedly we have no questions to ask which are unanswerable. We must trust the perfection of the creation so far, as to believe that whatever curiosity the order of things has awakened in our minds, the order of things can satisfy. Every man's condition is a solution in hieroglyphic to those inquiries he would put. He acts it as life, before he apprehends it as truth. In like manner, nature is already, in its forms and tendencies, describing its own design. Let us interrogate the great apparition, that shines so peacefully around us. Let us inquire, to what end is nature?

All science has one aim, namely, to find a theory of nature. We have theories of races and of functions, but scarcely yet a remote approach to an idea of creation. We are now so far from the road to truth, that religious teachers dispute and hate each other, and speculative men are esteemed unsound and frivolous. But to a sound judgment, the most abstract truth is the most practical. Whenever a true theory appears, it will be its own evidence. Its test is, that it will explain all phenomena. Now many are thought not only unexplained but inexplicable; as language, sleep, madness, dreams, beasts, sex.

Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul. Strictly speaking, therefore, all that is separate from us, all which Philosophy distinguishes as the NOT ME, that is, both nature and art, all other men and my own body, must be ranked under this name, NATURE. In enumerating the values of nature and casting up their sum, I shall use the word in both senses;—in its common and in its philosophical import. In inquiries so general as our present one, the inaccuracy is not material; no confusion of thought will occur. Nature , in the common sense, refers to essences unchanged by man; space, the air, the river, the leaf. Art is applied to the mixture of his will with the same things, as in a house, a canal, a statue, a picture. But his operations taken together are so insignificant, a little chipping, baking, patching, and washing, that in an impression so grand as that of the world on the human mind, they do not vary the result.

INTRODUCTION. EINLEITUNG. INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCCIÓN. INTRODUCTION. はじめに 소개. INTRODUÇÃO. ВВЕДЕНИЕ. GİRİŞ. ВСТУП. 介绍。

A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form. |subtile|Kette|von|unzählbaren|Ringen|||zum||fernsten||||liest|Vorzeichen|||||||||Rose||strebt|||||Wurm|steigt||||spitzen|| |sutil|cadeia||incontáveis|anéis|||||mais distante|traz||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |тонка||||кілець|||поряд з|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Une chaîne subtile d'innombrables anneaux Le prochain au plus lointain apporte; L'œil lit les présages là où il va, Et parle toutes les langues la rose; Et, s'efforçant d'être homme, le ver monte à travers toutes les flèches de la forme. 無数のリングの微妙な連鎖が次から次へともたらします。目は行く先々で前兆を読み、すべての言語を話します。そして、人間になろうと努力して、ワームは形のすべての尖塔を通り抜けます。 Sayısız halkalardan oluşan ince bir zincir En uzaktakini en yakına getirir; Göz gittiği yerde kehanetleri okur, Ve bütün dilleri konuşur gül; Ve insan olmaya çabalayan solucan, Biçimin bütün kulelerine tırmanır. Тонкий ланцюг незліченних кілець Ближче до найдальшого веде; Око читає прикмети там, куди йде, І всіма мовами говорить троянда; І, прагнучи бути людиною, черв'як лізе по всіх шпилях форми.

Introduction. Вступ.

OUR age is retrospective. |||rückblickend 私たちの年齢は遡及的です。 НАШ вік ретроспективний. It builds the sepulchres of the fathers. |||Grabmäler||| Il construit les sépulcres des pères. それは先祖の墓を建てます。 It writes biographies, histories, and criticism. Il écrit des biographies, des histoires et des critiques. 伝記、歴史、批評を書いています。 The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, through their eyes. |||sahen|||||||||| Les générations précédentes ont vu Dieu et la nature face à face; nous, à travers leurs yeux. 前の世代は、神と自然を向かい合わせて見ていました。私たちは、彼らの目を通して。 Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Pourquoi ne pas jouir également d'une relation originale avec l'univers? 私たちも宇宙との本来の関係を享受すべきではないでしょうか。 Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs? |||||||||||||||||||Offenbarung|||||||| Pourquoi n'aurions-nous pas une poésie et une philosophie de perspicacité et non de tradition, et une religion par révélation à nous, et non l'histoire de la leur? 伝統ではなく洞察の詩と哲学、そして彼らの歴史ではなく、私たちへの啓示による宗教を持つべきではないのはなぜですか？ Embosomed for a season in nature, whose floods of life stream around and through us, and invite us by the powers they supply, to action proportioned to nature, why should we grope among the dry bones of the past, or put the living generation into masquerade out of its faded wardrobe? Umarmt|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||tasten||||||||||||||Masquerade||||verblasst| Embosomés pour une saison dans la nature, dont les flots de vie coulent autour et à travers nous, et nous invitent, par les pouvoirs qu'ils fournissent, à une action proportionnée à la nature, pourquoi devrions-nous tâtonner parmi les os secs du passé, ou mettre la génération vivante dans mascarade hors de sa garde-robe fanée? 生命の洪水が私たちの周りを流れ、私たちを通り抜け、自然に比例した行動へと私たちを誘います。なぜ私たちは過去の乾いた骨の間を手探りしたり、生きている世代を入れたりする必要があるのでしょうか。色あせたワードローブから仮面舞踏会？ The sun shines to-day also. 今日も太陽が輝いています。 There is more wool and flax in the fields. |||||Leinen||| 畑には羊毛と亜麻が増えています。 There are new lands, new men, new thoughts. 新しい土地、新しい人、新しい考えがあります。 Let us demand our own works and laws and worship. |||||||||Verehrung 私たち自身の業と律法と礼拝を要求しましょう。

Undoubtedly we have no questions to ask which are unanswerable. 間違いなく、答えられない質問はありません。 We must trust the perfection of the creation so far, as to believe that whatever curiosity the order of things has awakened in our minds, the order of things can satisfy. |||||||||||||||||||||пробудила||||||||| 物事の秩序が私たちの心にどんな好奇心を呼び起こしたとしても、物事の秩序は満たすことができると信じるために、私たちはこれまでのところ創造物の完全性を信頼しなければなりません. Every man's condition is a solution in hieroglyphic to those inquiries he would put. すべての人の状態は、彼が出した質問に対する象形文字による解決策です。 He acts it as life, before he apprehends it as truth. |||||||erfasst||| 彼はそれを真実として理解する前に、それを人生として振る舞う。 In like manner, nature is already, in its forms and tendencies, describing its own design. 同様に、自然はすでに、その形と傾向において、それ自身のデザインを説明しています。 Do mesmo modo, a natureza já está, nas suas formas e tendências, a descrever o seu próprio desígnio. Let us interrogate the great apparition, that shines so peacefully around us. |||||Erscheinung|||||| 私たちの周りでとても平和に輝いている偉大な幻影を調べましょう。 Let us inquire, to what end is nature? 自然とは何のためにあるのでしょうか。

All science has one aim, namely, to find a theory of nature. すべての科学には 1 つの目的があります。つまり、自然の理論を見つけることです。 We have theories of races and of functions, but scarcely yet a remote approach to an idea of creation. |||||||||kaum|||fernen|||||| 私たちは人種と機能の理論を持っていますが、創造のアイデアへの遠いアプローチはまだほとんどありません. We are now so far from the road to truth, that religious teachers dispute and hate each other, and speculative men are esteemed unsound and frivolous. ||||||||||||||||||||||geschätzt|unsolid||frivol 私たちは今、真実への道から遠く離れているため、宗教教師は互いに論争し、憎み合い、投機家は不健全で軽薄であると見なされています. Estamos agora tão longe do caminho da verdade, que os professores religiosos disputam e odeiam-se uns aos outros, e os homens especulativos são considerados insensatos e frívolos. But to a sound judgment, the most abstract truth is the most practical. しかし、健全な判断をすれば、最も抽象的な真実が最も現実的です。 Whenever a true theory appears, it will be its own evidence. 真の理論が現れるときはいつでも、それはそれ自身の証拠になります。 Its test is, that it will explain all phenomena. Now many are thought not only unexplained but inexplicable; as language, sleep, madness, dreams, beasts, sex. ||||||||unerklärlich|||||||

Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul. Strictly speaking, therefore, all that is separate from us, all which Philosophy distinguishes as the NOT ME, that is, both nature and art, all other men and my own body, must be ranked under this name, NATURE. In enumerating the values of nature and casting up their sum, I shall use the word in both senses;—in its common and in its philosophical import. |aufzählen||||||casting||||||||||||||||||| In inquiries so general as our present one, the inaccuracy is not material; no confusion of thought will occur. Nature , in the common sense, refers to essences unchanged by man; space, the air, the river, the leaf. Art is applied to the mixture of his will with the same things, as in a house, a canal, a statue, a picture. But his operations taken together are so insignificant, a little chipping, baking, patching, and washing, that in an impression so grand as that of the world on the human mind, they do not vary the result. |||||||unbedeutend|||Hacken||Flicken||||||||||||||||||||||| Mas as suas operações, no seu conjunto, são tão insignificantes, um pouco de lascar, cozer, remendar e lavar, que numa impressão tão grandiosa como a do mundo na mente humana, não variam o resultado.