Past Tense past| Vergangenheitsform Past Tense Tiempo pasado Tempo passato 過去形 Verleden tijd Czas przeszły Tempo passado Geçmiş Zaman

았/었/했어요 (verb ending indicating past tense)|past marker| zrobiłem|był| I did 았/었/했어요 았/었/했어요

어제 뭐 했어요? What did you do yesterday? 昨天做什么了？ 昨天做什么了？

친구를 만났어요. a friend| I met a friend. 见朋友了。 见朋友了。

쇼핑했어요? shopped Did you go shopping? 购物了吗？ 购物了吗？

아니요, 영화를 봤어요. |a movie|I watched No, I watched a movie. 没有，我看了电影。 没有，我看了电影。

저녁도 먹었어요? dinner too|I ate Did you have dinner? 晚饭也吃了吗？ 晚饭也吃了吗？

네, 피자를 먹었어요. |pizza|I ate Yes, I ate pizza. 嗯，吃了披萨。 嗯，吃了披萨。

았어요 / 었어요 / 했어요 was|was|I did było|było| I did. 았어요/었어요/했어요 았어요/었어요/했어요

사건이 과거에 일어났음을 나타내는 어미. the incident|in the past|happened|indicating|suffix zdarzenie|w przeszłości|że się wydarzyło|| نهاية تشير إلى وقوع حدث في الماضي. An ending of word used to indicate that an event happened in the past. 表示事件发生在过去的词尾。 表示事件发生在过去的词尾。

어떤 사건이 과거에 완료되었거나 그 사건의 결과가 현재까지 지속되는 상황을 나타내는 어미. certain some|event|past|was completed||of the incident|result|up to now|continuing|situation|| |||zakończony lub||zdarzenia|wynik|do tej pory|trwający|sytuacji|| نهاية تشير إلى أن حدثًا ما قد اكتمل في الماضي أو أن نتائج ذلك الحدث مستمرة حتى الوقت الحاضر. An ending of a word used to indicate that an event was completed in the past or its result continues in the present. 表示某一事件过去完成或该事件的结果持续到现在的语尾。 表示某一事件过去完成或该事件的结果持续到现在的语尾。

동사 / 형용사 verb / adjective 动词 / 形容词 动词 / 形容词

았/었/했어요 I did 았/었/했어요 았/었/했어요

과거형 past tense the past tense 过去式 过去式

기본형 basic form basic form 基本型 基本型

가다 to go 去 去

았/었/했어요 았/었/했어요 았/었/했어요

가 + 았어요 was + was 去 + 了 去 + 了

갔어요 I went He's gone. 走了 （去了） 走了 （去了）

먹다 to eat 吃 吃

먹 + 었어요 I ate|I ate 吃+了 吃+了

먹었어요 I ate Eaten 吃了 吃了

공부하다 to study to study 学习 学习

공부 + 했어요 学习+了 学习+了

공부했어요 I studied I studied 学习了 学习了

-았어요 I did I did -았어요 -았어요

동사/형용사 어간이 'ㅏ, ㅗ'로 끝나면 '-았어요'를 붙입니다. ||verb stem|a, o|'ㅏ, ㅗ'||-았어요|attach ||||||-ą| If the verb stem ends with ㅏ or ㅗ, add "았어요". 动词/形容词词干以 "ㅏ, ㅗ" 结束的话，就加上"았어요"。 动词/形容词词干以 "ㅏ, ㅗ" 结束的话，就加上"았어요"。

작다 small, little to small 小 小

작았어요 was small było małe It was small. 小了 小了

놀다 to play to play 玩儿 玩儿

놀았어요 I played I played. 玩了 玩了

가다 to go 去 去

갔어요 I went went 走了 （去了） 走了 （去了）

오다 to come 来 来

왔어요 I came came 来了 来了

만나다 to meet to meet 见面 见面

만났어요 met 见面了 见面了

-었어요 I did -었어요 -었어요

동사/형용사 어간에 'ㅏ, ㅗ'가 없으면 '-었어요'를 붙입니다. ||stem||subject marker||-었어요| ||||||-ował| If the verb stem ends without ㅏ, ㅗ, add "었어요". 动词/形容词词干如果没有"ㅏ, ㅗ", 就加上"었어요". 动词/形容词词干如果没有"ㅏ, ㅗ", 就加上"었어요".

먹다 to eat 吃 吃

먹었어요 I ate I ate. 吃了 吃了

입다 to wear to wear(put on) 穿 穿

입었어요 I wore I wore it. 穿上了 穿上了

서다 stand to stand 站立 站立

섰어요 stood stanął stood 站起来了 站起来了

배우다 to learn to learn 学习 学习

배웠어요 I learned I learned it. 学到了 学到了

마시다 to drink to drink 喝 喝

마셨어요 I drank I drank it. 喝了 喝了

-했어요 I did it 했어요 했어요

동사 어간이 '하다'로 끝나면 '-했어요'로 바꿉니다. ||as||- did|I change ||||zrobiłem| If the verb stem ends with 하다, change to "했어요". 动词词干以"하다"结束的话,就换成"했어요". 动词词干以"하다"结束的话,就换成"했어요".

일하다 to work to work 工作 工作

일했어요 I worked I worked. 工作了 工作了

공부하다 to study 学习 学习

공부했어요 I studied I studied. 学习了 学习了

청소하다 clean to clean up 清扫 清扫

청소했어요 cleaned I cleaned up. 打扫了 打扫了

전화하다 make a phone call to make a phone call 打电话 打电话

전화했어요 called I called him. 打电话了 打电话了

운동하다 exercise to work out 运动 运动

운동했어요 I exercised I worked out. 做了运动 做了运动

'으' 탈락 final consonant|deletion "으" elimination (drop out) "으" 脫落 "으" 脫落

동사/형용사 어간이 '으'로 끝나면 'ㅡ'가 탈락됩니다. |||with||ㅡ|is dropped |||||temat zdania| If the verb stem ends with 으, the 으 is omitted. 动词/形容词词干以"으"结束的话，"으"就会被淘汰。 动词/形容词词干以"으"结束的话，"으"就会被淘汰。

바쁘다 to be busy be busy 忙 忙

바빴어요 I was busy byłem zajęty I was busy. 忙了。 忙了。

쓰다 write to write 写 写

썼어요 I wrote I wrote it. 写了 写了

끄다 turn off turn off 关 关

껐어요 I turned off I turned it off. 关了 关了

아프다 to be sick to sick 疼 疼

아팠어요 I was sick Bolało mnie I was sick. 疼了 疼了

예쁘다 pretty, beautiful It's pretty 漂亮 漂亮

예뻤어요 was pretty była piękna It was pretty. 很漂亮了 很漂亮了

았어요 / 었어요 / 했어요 I did. 았어요 았어요

'ㅏ, ㅗ' 있어요. |o| There's a "ㅏ" or "ㅗ". 有 "ㅏ, ㅗ'' 有 "ㅏ, ㅗ''

았어요 았어요 았어요

가다 / 갔어요 to go / went 走 / 走了 走 / 走了

놀다 / 놀았어요 to play / I played. 玩 / 玩了 玩 / 玩了

오다 / 왔어요 come / came 来 / 来了 来 / 来了

바쁘다 / 바빴어요 busy / I was busy. 忙 / 很忙了 忙 / 很忙了

'ㅏ, ㅗ' 없어요. There's no "ㅏ" or "ㅗ". 没有 "ㅏ, ㅗ" 没有 "ㅏ, ㅗ"

었어요 었어요 었어요

먹다 / 먹었어요 to eat / I ate. 吃 / 吃了 吃 / 吃了

있다 / 있었어요 There is / There was 有 / 有了 有 / 有了

없다 / 없었어요 |there was not |nie było There isn't. / There wasn't. 没有 / 没有了 没有 / 没有了

쓰다 / 썼어요 to write / I wrote it. 写 / 写了 写 / 写了

하다 / 했어요 do / did 做 / 做了 做 / 做了

일하다 / 일했어요 to work / worked 工作 / 工作了 工作 / 工作了

공부하다 / 공부했어요 to study / I studied. 学习 / 学习了 学习 / 学习了

청소하다 / 청소했어요 |I cleaned to clean / I cleaned. 打扫 / 打扫了 打扫 / 打扫了

운동하다 / 운동했어요 |I exercised to work out / I exercised. 运动 / 运动了 运动 / 运动了

같은 뜻, 다른 표현 |meaning||expression Same meaning, different expressions 同义 异表达 同义 异表达

가장 자주 쓰이는 표현 most||| the most frequently used expression 最常用的表达 最常用的表达

친한 친구나 어린 사람에게 쓰는 표현 |a friend or|||informal language| an expression used for close friends or young people 对亲朋幼友的表达 对亲朋幼友的表达

친구를 만났습니다. |I met I met a friend. (formal style) 见朋友了。（格式） 见朋友了。（格式）

친구를 만났어요. |I met I met a friend. (polite form) 见朋友了。 见朋友了。

친구를 만났어. a friend|I met I met a friend. (casual form) 见到了朋友。 见到了朋友。

쇼핑을 했습니까? shopping|did you shop Did you go shopping? (formal style) 购物了吗？ （格式） 购物了吗？ （格式）

쇼핑했어요? Did you go shopping? (polite form) 购物了吗？ 购物了吗？

쇼핑했어? shopped Did you go shopping? (casual form) 购物了吗？ 购物了吗？

아니요, 영화를 봤습니다. ||I watched ||widziałem No, I watched a movie. (formal style) 没有，我看了电影。（格式） 没有，我看了电影。（格式）

아니요, 영화를 봤어요. ||I watched No, I saw a movie. (polite form) 没有，我看了电影。 没有，我看了电影。

아니, 영화 봤어. |a movie|I watched ||widziałem No, I saw a movie. (casual form) 没有，我看了电影。 没有，我看了电影。

연습문제 practice problems Practice Questions 练习 练习

보기 Example 例子 例子

먹다 to eat 吃 吃

먹었어요 I ate I ate. 吃了 吃了

가다 to go to go 去 去

갔어요 I went He's gone. (I went) 走了 （去了） 走了 （去了）

오다 to come 来 来

왔어요 I'm here. (I came) 来了 来了

웃다 to laugh to laugh 笑 笑

웃었어요 smiled I laughed. 笑了 笑了

울다 to cry to cry 哭 哭

울었어요 cried I cried. 哭了。 哭了。

만나다 to meet 见面 见面

만났어요 I met I met. 见面了 见面了

사다 to buy 买 买

샀어요 I bought I bought it. 买了 买了

살다 to live to live 活 活

살았어요 I lived I lived. 活了 活了

좋다 good, nice to be good 好 好

좋았어요 It was good It was fine. 好了 好了

좋아하다 to like to like 喜欢 喜欢

좋아했어요 I liked I liked it. 喜欢了 喜欢了

공부하다 to study 学习 学习

공부했어요 I studied I studied. 学习了 学习了

오늘의 문제 today's| Today's Questions 今天的提问 今天的提问

날씨가 좋다 The weather is nice. 天气好。 天气好。

날씨가 좋았어요. The weather was nice. 天气很好了。 天气很好了。

날씨가 나쁘다 |is bad The weather is bad. 天气不好 天气不好

날씨가 나빴어요. |was bad |była zła The weather was bad. 天气不好了。 天气不好了。

바람이 시원하다 the wind|feel cool The wind is cool. 风很凉爽 风很凉爽

바람이 시원했어요. the wind|was cool |było chłodno The wind was cool. 风很凉爽了。 风很凉爽了。

이 영상이 마음에 드시면 '좋아요'와 '구독' 부탁드려요! |this video||you like||subscribe|please do If you like this video, please like and subscribe! 如果喜欢这个视频，请点赞和订阅！ 如果喜欢这个视频，请点赞和订阅！

시청해 주셔서 감사합니다. watching|| Thanks for watching. 谢谢收看。 谢谢收看。