E9: Škola u Srbiji (1)
E9: Schule in Serbien (1)
E9: School in Serbia (1)
E9: Школа в Сербии (1)
E9: Sırbistan'da Okul (1)
**S01 E2: Škola u Srbiji**
Zdravo!
Hello!
Dobro došli u novu epizodu Serbian Language Podcast-a!
Welcome to the new episode of the Serbian Language Podcast!
Ja sam Nikola, onlajn tutor srpskog jezika.
I am Nikola, an online tutor of the Serbian language.
Danas ćemo govoriti o školama u Srbiji!
||||schools||
Today we will talk about schools in Serbia!
Kakve škole postoje?
What kind of||
What kind of schools are there?
Kakvi su fakulteti?
What are||faculties
What are the faculties like?
Kakvi su nastavnici?
||die Lehrer
What are the teachers like?
Hoe zijn de docenten?
Molim vas zapratite Instagram stranicu: **learn__serbian (Serbian Language Network)** gde možete bukirati vaš prvi besplatan čas srpskog jezika.
||||||||||||buchen||||||
||follow||||||||||to book|||free|||
Please follow the Instagram page: learnserbian (Serbian Language Network) where you can book your first free Serbian language lesson.
Ako imate nekih pitanja ili sugestija, pišite na imejl u opisu: **nikola.pujic@gmail.com**.
|||||suggestions|||||the description||||
If you have any questions or suggestions, write to the email in the description: nikola.pujic@gmail.com.
Pa, krenimo sa epizodom!
|||episode
Well, let's get to the episode!
Školski sistem u srbiji možemo podeliti na četiri dela: predškolsko obrazovanje, osnovno obrazovanje, srednje obrazovanje i visoko obrazovanje.
|||||unterteilen in|||||Vorschulbildung|||||||
School|||||can be divided||||preschool|education|basic||||||
The school system in Serbia can be divided into four parts: preschool education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.
Predškolsko obrazovanje je prvi deo obrazovanja i vaspitanja dece.
|||||||Erziehung|
|||||education||upbringing|
Preschool education is the first part of education and upbringing of children.
Vaspitavati – to znači učiti dete kako da se pravilno ponaša, kako da komunicira sa drugom decom, kako da zna šta je dobro a šta je loše.
Raise||||child||||correctly|behave|||communicates|||teach||||||||||
Educate - it means teaching a child how to behave properly, how to communicate with other children, how to know what is good and what is bad.
Opvoeden - het betekent een kind leren hoe het zich correct moet gedragen, hoe het moet communiceren met andere kinderen, hoe het moet weten wat goed en wat slecht is.
Deca koja imaju od šest meseci do šest ili sedam godina idu u vrtić (obdanište).
|||||Monate||||||||Kindergarten|Kindergarten
|||||months||||||||kindergarten|kindergarten
Children who are six months to six or seven years old go to kindergarten.
Vrtić je škola za malu decu.
||||little|
Kindergarten is a school for small children.
Ona pomaže roditeljima u vaspitavanju i čuvanju dece.
||the parents||upbringing||guarding|
She helps parents in raising and looking after their children.
Ze helpt ouders bij het opvoeden en verzorgen van hun kinderen.
Mnogi roditelji nemaju vremena da ceo dan budu sa decom jer moraju da idu na posao oko osam sati svakog dana.
|||||||sein|||||||||||||
|||||||||||they have to|||||||||
Many parents do not have time to be with their children all day because they have to go to work for about eight hours every day.
Takođe, mnogi roditelji žive daleko od svoje porodice, tako da ne mogu uvek imati pomoć.
||||||||||||||help/support
Also, many parents live far away from their families, so they can't always have help.
Zbog toga roditelji biraju da svoje dete upišu u jaslice.
|||choose||||enroll||nursery
This is why parents choose to enroll their child in a nursery school.
Daarom kiezen ouders ervoor om hun kind in te schrijven in een kleuterschool.
Jaslice su često deo vrtića u kome profesionalci vaspitavaju i brinu o deci koja imaju do 3 godine.
Krippe||||||||||||||||
||||preschool|||professionals|educate||care||||||
A crèche is often a part of a kindergarten where professionals educate and care for children up to 3 years old.
Een crèche is vaak een onderdeel van een kleuterschool waar professionals kinderen tot 3 jaar opvoeden en verzorgen.
Posle jaslica dete prelazi u novu grupu i često može ostati u istoj grupi do početka osnovne škole.
|crib||moves to|||group||||||the same|||of the beginning|elementary|
After kindergarten, the child moves to a new group and can often stay in the same group until the beginning of primary school.
Jaslice nisu obavezne u Srbiji.
||mandatory||
Nursery is not compulsory in Serbia.
Ako ne želite da vaša beba bude odvojena od vas, ne morate je upisati.
|||||baby||separated||||||enroll
If you don't want your baby to be separated from you, you don't need to register it.
Međutim, predškolsko obrazovanje i vrtić su obavezni.
||||||mandatory
However, pre-school education and kindergarten are compulsory.
Voorschoolse educatie en kleuterschool zijn echter verplicht.
U vrtiću vaše dete može upoznati mnogo prijatelja, može naučiti kako da se socijalizuje i komunicira sa ostalom decom.
|kindergarten||||||||||||socialize||||other|
In kindergarten, your child can meet many friends, learn how to socialize and communicate with other children.
Vrtić obično traje od 7-8 ujutru do 2-3 popodne.
||lasts||||afternoon
Kindergarten usually lasts from 7-8 in the morning until 2-3 in the afternoon.
Za to vreme, deca dobiju doručak, ručak i užinu.
||||||||Snack
||||receive||||snack
During this time, children receive breakfast, lunch and a snack.
Gedurende deze tijd krijgen de kinderen ontbijt, lunch en een tussendoortje.
Vaspitači – profesionalci u obrazovanju deteta – organizuju različite igre i zabavne aktivnosti.
Educators|||education|child|organize||||entertaining|activities
Educators - professionals in child education - organize various games and fun activities.
Opvoeders - professionals in de opvoeding van kinderen - organiseren verschillende spelletjes en leuke activiteiten.
Često deca idu u šetnju u parku i igraju se na otvorenom.
||||||||play|||outdoor
Often children go for a walk in the park and play outdoors.
Kinderen gaan vaak wandelen in het park en buiten spelen.
Svaki vrtić ima mnogo igračaka i knjiga.
||||toys||
Every kindergarten has many toys and books.
Postoje i kreveti za spavanje.
||beds||
There are also beds for sleeping.
Er zijn ook bedden om te slapen.
Starija deca mogu učiti različite oblike ili da prepoznaju slova uz pomoć knjiga i tako se mogu spremiti za osnovnu školu.
||||different||||recognize|letters||||||||prepare||elementary|
Older children can learn different shapes or recognize letters with the help of books and thus they can prepare for primary school.
Oudere kinderen kunnen met behulp van boeken verschillende vormen leren of letters herkennen en zich zo voorbereiden op de basisschool.
Deca polaze u osnovnu školu kada napune šest ili sedam godina.
Kinder|gehen|||||||||
|start|||||turn six||||
Children start primary school when they are six or seven years old.
Kinderen gaan naar de basisschool als ze zes of zeven jaar oud zijn.
U Srbiji najveći broj vrtića i škola je državnog karaktera, ali postoji i manji broj privatnih škola.
||||Kindergärten||||staatlichen||||||||
||||||||state-owned|nature||||||private|
In Serbien hat die größte Zahl an Kindergärten und Schulen staatlichen Charakter, aber es gibt auch eine geringere Zahl an Privatschulen.
In Serbia, the largest number of kindergartens and schools are state-run, but there are also a smaller number of private schools.
Dakle, većina dece u Srbiji ide u državne škole.
|||||||public|
Therefore, most children in Serbia go to public schools.
Osnovna škola ima dva dela.
Elementary||||
Primary school has two parts.
De basisschool bestaat uit twee delen.
Oba dela imaju po četiri razreda.
|||||grades
Both parts have four classes each.
Beide delen hebben elk vier klassen.
Kada dete pođe u školu, prva četiri razreda ono će biti u istoj grupi, sa istim učiteljem ili učiteljicom, i često u istoj prostoriji (učionici).
|||||||||||||||||||||||Raum|
||go|||||||||||||same|teacher||teacher|||||room|classroom
When a child goes to school, for the first four grades he will be in the same group, with the same teacher, and often in the same room (classroom).
Razred – to je godina u školi (na primer: prvi razred, drugi razred), a može biti i ime grupe učenika (na primer: razred IV3).
Grade|||||||||||||||||group|||||grade IV
Grade - it is the year in the school (for example: first grade, second grade), and it can also be the name of a group of students (for example: grade IV3).
Graad - het is het jaar op school (bijvoorbeeld: eerste leerjaar, tweede leerjaar), en het kan ook de naam zijn van een groep leerlingen (bijvoorbeeld: leerjaar IV3).
Učitelj ili učiteljica – to je osoba koji uči decu.
||teacher||||||
A teacher is a person who teaches children.
Een leraar is iemand die kinderen lesgeeft.
Dakle, deca ne menjaju grupu i četiri godine će se družiti sa istim drugarima i istim učiteljem.
|||change|||||||socialize|||friends|||
Therefore, the children do not change their group and will hang out with the same friends and the same teacher for four years.
Ovo je prvi nivo osnovne škole, tu deca mogu naučiti osnovne stvari iz matematike, srpskog jezika, prirode i društva, likovnog i muzičkog obrazovanja.
|||level one|||||||elementary|||mathematics|||nature|||art||music|education
This is the first level of primary school, where children can learn the basics of mathematics, the Serbian language, nature and society, art and music education.
U prvim razredima, deca dobijaju opisne ocene, na primer: dobra ocena je cvetić.
|||||beschreibende|Bewertungen||||||Blume
|first grades|grades||receive|descriptive|grades||||grade||little flower
In the first grades, children receive descriptive grades, for example: a good grade is a flower.
In de brugklas krijgen kinderen beschrijvende cijfers, bijvoorbeeld: een goed cijfer is een bloem.
Učenik koji po prvi put kreće u školu zove se đak prvak.
||||||||||Schulanfänger|
||||||||||student|first
A student who starts school for the first time is called a first-time student.
Een leerling die voor het eerst naar school gaat, wordt een eerstejaarsstudent genoemd.
Svi đaci u osnovnoj školi imaju hranu u iz školske kuhinje, koju roditelji dodatno plaćaju.
|students||elementary school||||||school||||additionally|pay
All students in elementary school have food from the school kitchen, which parents pay for additionally.
Ako dete ne želi da jede hranu iz školske kuhinje, može kupiti hranu na školskom odmoru negde u blizini škole.
|||||||||||to buy|||school|||||
Wenn ein Kind kein Essen aus der Schulküche essen möchte, kann es in den Schulferien Essen in der Nähe der Schule kaufen.
If the child does not want to eat food from the school kitchen, he can buy food at the school holiday care center near the school.
Als het kind geen eten uit de schoolkeuken wil eten, kan het eten kopen bij de schoolvakantieopvang in de buurt van de school.
A da, škola u Srbiji se ne plaća.
|||||||bez plaćanja
|||||||tuition
Und ja, die Schule in Serbien wird nicht bezahlt.
And yes, school in Serbia is free of charge.
En ja, school in Servië is gratis.
Roditelji ne moraju da plaćaju školu, besplatno je jer su to državne institucije.
||||||free||||||institutions
Parents don't have to pay for the school, it's free because it's a state institution.
Deca idu u školu obično u dve smene.
|||||||shifts
Children usually go to school in two shifts.
Kinderen gaan meestal in twee ploegen naar school.
Smena, to je jedan deo dana kada ljudi idu na posao ili u školu.
Schicht|||||||||||||
Shift|||||||||||||
A shift is a part of the day when people go to work or school.
Prva smena u školi je prepodne (obično od 8 ujutru do 1 popodne), a druga smena je popodne (od 1 popodne do 6-7 uveče).
|||||morning||||||||||||||
The first shift at school is in the morning (usually from 8 am to 1 pm) and the second shift is in the afternoon (from 1 pm to 6-7 pm).
Školski čas traje 45 minuta, i posle časa deca imaju odmor koji može trajati 5, 10 ili 20 minuta.
|||||nach dem|||||||||
The school lesson lasts 45 minutes, and after the lesson the children have a break that can last 5, 10 or 20 minutes.
Obično sva deca kupuju hranu ili idu napolje da se igraju za vreme velikog odmora.
|||buy||||||||||large|
Usually all the children buy food or go outside to play during the big break.
Svaka škola u Srbiji ima teren pored škole koji služi kao mesto gde deca mogu da se igraju ili da odmaraju posle časova.
|||||field|||||||||||||||rest||
Every school in Serbia has a field next to the school that serves as a place where children can play or rest after classes.
Obično svaka škola ima teren za fudbal i košarku, a tu mogu biti i stolovi za stoni tenis, mali park i slično.
||||||||||||||||Tischtennis|||||
||||||||||||||tables for table tennis||table|||||
Usually, every school has a field for football and basketball, and there can also be tables for table tennis, a small park, and the like.
U školskom dvorištu uvek je prisutan dežurni nastavnik.
|||||present|on-duty teacher|
There is always a teacher on duty in the school yard.
Dežurni nastavnik posmatra decu i vodi računa da ništa ne pođe po zlu, da sve bude dobro.
der Aufsicht führende||beobachtet||||darauf achtet||||||||||
||observes||||||||goes||bad|||is|
The teacher on duty watches the children and makes sure that nothing goes wrong, that everything goes well.
De dienstdoende juf let op de kinderen en zorgt ervoor dat er niets misgaat, dat alles goed gaat.
U blizini škole, posebno u delovima grada gde ima mnogo saobraćaja, saobraćajna policija kontroliše saobraćaj.
|||||||||||Verkehrs-|||Verkehr
|||||parts|||||traffic|traffic|traffic police|controls|traffic
In the vicinity of the school, especially in the parts of the city where there is a lot of traffic, the traffic police control the traffic.
Oni pomažu deci da prelaze ulicu i usporavaju automobile.
||||cross|||slow down|cars
They help children cross the street and slow down cars.
U blizini škola ima mnogo malih pekara i prodavnica, gde deca mogu kupiti hranu, slatkiše ili sokove.
||||||||Läden||||||||
||||||bakery||stores||||||||juices
There are many small bakeries and shops near the schools, where children can buy food, sweets or juices.
Roditelji moraju sačekati decu posle časova i pokupiti ih, zbog bezbednosti đaka.
||to wait for|||||pick up|||safety|students
Parents must wait for their children after school and pick them up, for the safety of the students.
Ouders moeten na schooltijd op hun kinderen wachten en ze ophalen, voor de veiligheid van de leerlingen.
Deca koja žive van grada imaju organizovan prevoz, najčešće autobusom, koji ih čeka posle časova ispred škole.
||||||organized|transportation|||||||||
Children who live outside the city have organized transportation, usually by bus, which waits for them after classes in front of the school.
Kada đaci završe četvrti razred, kreće drugi deo osnovnog obrazovanja.
|||||||||der Grundschule
|||fourth|||||basic|
When students finish the fourth grade, the second part of primary education begins.
I dalje su u istoj, osnovnoj školi, ali sada menjaju razred (grupu) i dobijaju nove nastavnike.
|||||||||||||||Lehrer
|||||||||||||||teachers
They are still in the same elementary school, but now they change their class (group) and get new teachers.
Dakle, sada ponovo upoznaju nove drugare sa kojima će četiri godine učiti zajedno u istoj grupi.
|||meet||friends|||||||||the same|
So now they are meeting new friends with whom they will study together in the same group for four years.
Međutim, sada imaju novog nastavnika za svaki novi predmet i sada takođe svaki predmet ima svoju posebnu učionicu.
||||||||Fach|||||||||
|||new|teacher||||subject||||||||special|classroom
However, now they have a new teacher for each new subject and now also each subject has its own separate classroom.
Dakle, učenici šetaju posle svakog časa do sledeće učionice, ali ostaju u istoj grupi.
so|||||||||||||
Therefore, students walk after each class to the next classroom, but stay in the same group.
Od petog do osmog razreda deca uče naprednije stvari.
|fifth grade||eighth grade||||more advanced|
From the fifth to the eighth grade, children learn more advanced things.
Oni uče o fizici, biologiji, istoriji, geografiji, uče nove strane jezike (najčešće nemački ili francuski).
|||physics|biology||geography||||||||
They learn about physics, biology, history, geography, learn new foreign languages (most often German or French).
Skoro svakog meseca deca imaju testove ili kontrolne radove, pismene zadatke (eseje) ili usmeno odgovaranje.
||month|||tests||tests|assignments|written assignments|written assignments|essays||oral examination|oral answering
Fast jeden Monat haben Kinder Tests oder Tests, schriftliche Aufgaben (Aufsätze) oder mündliche Antworten.
Almost every month, children have tests or control papers, written assignments (essays) or oral answers.
Usmeno odgovaranje, to je kada đak priča nastavniku šta je naučio i posle toga dobije ocenu.
oral|answering||||||teacher|||||||receives a grade|grade
Oral answering is when the student tells the teacher what he has learned and then receives a grade.
Ocene u Srbiji nisu slova (A, B, D, F), već su brojevi.
||||||||F|||numbers
Grades in Serbia are not letters (A, B, D, F), but numbers.
Cijfers in Servië zijn geen letters (A, B, D, F), maar cijfers.
Broj 5 je najveća ocena, a broj 1 je najmanja ocena.
||largest||||||
Number 5 is the highest rating and number 1 is the lowest rating.
Roditelji mogu pratiti napredak svog deteta onlajn, jer sve ocene nastavnici upisuju u bazu podataka.
||track|progress|their child|||||||enter||database|data
Parents can monitor their child's progress online, as all grades are entered into a database by teachers.
Ako se dete razboli i ne može doći u školu, roditelj može javiti nastavniku.
|||gets sick|||||||parent||notify|
If the child gets sick and cannot come to school, the parent can notify the teacher.
Kada učenik ne dođe na čas to se zove izostanak.
|||||||||absence
When a student does not come to class, it is called absence.
Izostanak može biti opravdan – ako je dete bolesno ili nekako s pravim razlogom ne može da dođe u školu, a može biti i neopravdan – ako dete nema dobar razlog zašto nije došlo na čas.
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Grund|||||
|||justified||||sick|||||reason|||||||||||unexcused||||||||came||
Absence can be justified - if the child is sick or somehow cannot come to school for a good reason, or it can be unjustified - if the child does not have a good reason why he did not come to class.
Svako odeljene može imati redara.
|Abteilung|||
|separated|||monitoring officer
Jede Abteilung kann einen Hausmeister haben.
Each department can have an orderly.
Elke afdeling kan een ordonnateur hebben.
Redar je učenik koji broji ostale đake u grupi i govori ko nije na času.
Der Aufseher||||||||||||||
Class monitor||student||counts|others|students||||||||
Der Hausmeister ist ein Schüler, der die anderen Schüler in der Gruppe zählt und sagt, wer nicht im Unterricht ist.
The orderly is a student who counts the other students in the group and says who is not in class.
De ordonnateur is een leerling die de andere leerlingen in de groep telt en zegt wie er niet in de klas zit.
Redar takođe pomaže nastavniku tako što briše tablu.
||||||wischen|Tafel
||||||wipes|board
Der Aufseher hilft dem Lehrer auch, indem er das Brett abräumt.
The janitor also helps the teacher by erasing the blackboard.
De conciërge helpt de leraar ook door het bord uit te wissen.
Sve probleme učenika mora da posmatra razredni starešina.
|||||||lehrer
|issues||||observes|class teacher|class teacher
Alle Schülerprobleme müssen vom Klassenlehrer beobachtet werden.
All student problems must be observed by the class teacher.
Razredni nastavnik ili starešina je jedan nastavnik koji je odgovoran za jedno odeljenje.
|||||||||||eine|Klasse
|||head|||||||||department
A class teacher or head teacher is one teacher who is responsible for one class.
Een klassenleraar of schoolhoofd is één leraar die verantwoordelijk is voor één klas.
To je kao mama ili tata jednoj grupi učenika u školi.
It's like mom or dad to a group of students at school.
Razredni nastavnik brine o tome da svi đaci dobro uče, da budu odgovorni i da im pomogne u svemu što je đacima potrebno.
|Lehrer|||||||||||||||||||||
||||||||||||responsible||||helps|||||students|
The class teacher makes sure that all the students study well, that they are responsible and that they help them with everything that the students need.
Odeljenje takođe može imati jednog učenika koji će biti predsednik odeljenja.
Das Fach||||||||||
Department|||||||||president|department
A class may also have one student who will be the class president.
Učenici glasaju tako što napišu ime učenika na papirić i onda ubace u jednu kutiju, posle toga prebroje glasove i izaberu predsednika odeljenja.
|||||||||||werfen|||||||||||
|vote|||write down||||paper|||put in|||the box|||count the votes|votes||choose|president|department
Students vote by writing the student's name on a piece of paper and then putting it in a box, after that they count the votes and choose the class president.
Ako nekom učeniku treba još pomoći, tu su školski pedagog i psiholog.
||student|||to help||||pedagogue||psychologist
If a student needs more help, the school pedagogue and psychologist are there.
Školski pedagog i psiholog pomažu učenicima koji imaju problema u učenju, komunikaciji ili agresiji, ali mogu pomoći i nastavnicima u radu sa detetom.
|||||||||||communication||aggression|||||teachers||||child
School pedagogues and psychologists help students who have problems with learning, communication or aggression, but they can also help teachers in working with the child.
Schoolpedagogen en psychologen helpen leerlingen die problemen hebben met leren, communiceren of agressie, maar ze kunnen ook leerkrachten helpen bij het werken met het kind.
Mnoge škole u Srbiji imaju i svog školskog zubara koji redovno kontroliše učenike i edukuje ih kako da pravilno peru zube i vode dobru higijenu.
|||||||school|school dentist||regularly||||educates|||||peru|||||hygiene
Many schools in Serbia also have their own school dentist who regularly inspects students and educates them on how to properly brush their teeth and practice good hygiene.
Veel scholen in Servië hebben hun eigen schooltandarts die regelmatig de leerlingen controleert en hen leert hoe ze hun tanden goed moeten poetsen en goede hygiëne moeten toepassen.
Neke škole mogu imati i svog doktora.
||||||doctor
Some schools may also have their own doctor.
Sommige scholen kunnen ook hun eigen arts hebben.
Ponekad u školu dolaze stručnjaci koji edukuju decu o školskom nasilju, upotrebi droga, ili o seksu.
||||experts|||||||||||
||||experts||educate||||violence|use|drugs|||sex
Sometimes experts come to school to educate children about school violence, drug use, or sex.
Ako neki učenik baš voli neki predmet, i ako je dobar u tom predmetu, on može učestvovati na takmičenju.
||||||||||||||||participer||
||||||Fach||||||||||teilnehmen||
|||||||||||||subject|||to participate||competition
If a student really likes a subject, and if he is good at that subject, he can participate in the competition.
Postoje različita takmičenja: takmičenje iz srpskog jezika, iz matematike, fizike, istorije i tako dalje.
|||Wettbewerb||||||||||
||competitions|competition||||||physics|history|||
There are different competitions: competitions in the Serbian language, in mathematics, physics, history and so on.
Učenik može učestvovati na gradskom, regionalnom i državnom nivou.
||||city|regional||state|
A student can participate at the city, regional and state level.
Svi učenici koji su učestvovali na kraju godine ili na kraju školovanja dobijaju diplome, a oni najbolji dobijaju posebne nagrade.
||||participated|||||||education||diplomas|||||special awards|
All students who participated at the end of the year or at the end of schooling receive diplomas, and the best ones receive special awards.
U Srbiji postoji posebna nagrada – Vukova diploma.
||||récompense||
|||special|award|Vuk's|diploma
|||||Vukos|
In Serbia, there is a special award - Vuk's diploma.
In Servië is er een speciale onderscheiding - Vuk's diploma.
To je nagrada koju dobijaju učenici koji su imali petice (najbolje ocene) iz svih predmeta od petog do osmog razreda.
||||||||||||||matières|||||
|||||||||fives||||all|subjects|||||
It is an award that is given to students who had A's (the best grades) in all subjects from the fifth to the eighth grade.
Učenik koji dobije ovakvu diplomu zove se vukovac.
|||||||vukovac
|||such a|diploma|||straight-A student
A student who receives such a diploma is called a werewolf.
Een leerling die zo'n diploma krijgt, wordt een weerwolf genoemd.
Kada učenici završe osnovnu školu, oni mogu birati koju srednju školu će upisati.
|||||||to choose||high school|||
When students finish primary school, they can choose which secondary school they will enroll in.
Prvo moraju da polože „malu maturu“ – to je ispit koji učenici polažu da bi upisali srednju školu.
|||passer||maturité|||||||||||
|||take||small graduation|||exam|||take|||enroll in||
First, they have to pass the "mala matara" - this is the exam students take to enter high school.
Eerst moeten ze slagen voor de "mala matara" - dit is het examen dat studenten afleggen om naar de middelbare school te gaan.
U zavisnosti od broja bodova na ovom ispitu, formira se rang lista učenika.
|||number|points|||exam|forms||ranking list||
Depending on the number of points on this exam, a ranking list of students is formed.
Najbolji učenici imaju prednost, mogu da biraju koju školu će upisati, dok lošiji učenici imaju manje izbora.
|||advantage|||||||||worse||||
The best students have an advantage, they can choose which school they will enter, while the worst students have fewer choices.
U Srbiji postoji više vrsta srednjih škola, a većina učenika ide u državne srednje škole i srednjoškolsko obrazovanje je obavezno.
||||||||||||staatliche|||||||
|||||secondary|||||||||||high school|||
There are several types of secondary schools in Serbia, and most students go to state secondary schools and secondary education is compulsory.
Postoje gimnazije – to je srednja škola koja traje četiri godine i kada učenici završe ovu školu oni imaju opšte, široko obrazovanje iz različitih oblasti.
|||||||||||||||||||||||domaines
|high schools|||secondary school||||||||||||||general|broad||||
|||||||||||||||||||||||Bereichen
There are gymnasiums - it is a secondary school that lasts for four years and when the students finish this school they have a general, broad education in various fields.
Obično postoje dva smera u gimnazijama: prirodno-matematički i društveno-jezički smer.
|||filière||||||||
|||direction||high schools||mathematical||social||direction
|||||||||sozial||Richtung
There are usually two majors in high schools: natural-mathematical and social-linguistic majors.
Er zijn meestal twee majors op middelbare scholen: natuurlijk-wiskundig en sociaal-linguïstisch.
Problem je što kada učenici završe gimnaziju, postoji mali broj poslova koje mogu raditi sa takvom diplomom, tako da veliki broj učenika mora upisati fakultet.
|||wenn|||||||Jobs|||||solch einem|||||||||
||||||high school||||jobs|||work||such a|diploma|||||students|||
The problem is that when students graduate from high school, there are few jobs that can be done with such a degree, so a large number of students have to enroll in college.
Stručne škole su druga vrsta srednjih škola.
professionnelles||||||
Fach-||||||
vocational||||||
Vocational schools are another type of secondary school.
Beroepsscholen zijn een ander type middelbare school.
U njima učenici dobijaju specijalizovano znanje iz neke praktične oblasti.
||||specialized||||practical|
In them, students get specialized knowledge in a practical field.
Ove škole mogu trajati tri ili četiri godine i postoji veliki broj poslova gde učenik može raditi kada završi ovu školu.
||||||||||||||||||graduates from||
These schools can last for three or four years and there are a number of jobs where a student can work after completing this school.
U gimnazijama učenici mogu učiti komplikovaniju fiziku, hemiju, filozofiju, latinski jezik, dok u stručnim školama mogu učiti kako da budu dobri majstori, električari, vozači, kuvari, tehničari i slično.
|||||||||||||||||||||Meister||||||
|||||more complicated|physics|chemistry|philosophy|Latin||||vocational||||||||craftsmen|electricians|drivers|cooks|technicians||
In gymnasiums, students can study more complicated physics, chemistry, philosophy, Latin language, while in vocational schools they can learn how to be good craftsmen, electricians, drivers, cooks, technicians and the like.
Srednja škola traje najčešće četiri godine i struktura je slična osnovnoj školi.
|||||||structure||||
Secondary school usually lasts four years and the structure is similar to primary school.
Postoje različite učionice za različite predmete, različiti profesori, razredni profesor, psiholog, pedagog i slično.
There are different classrooms for different subjects, different professors, class teacher, psychologist, pedagogue and the like.
Er zijn verschillende klaslokalen voor verschillende vakken, verschillende professoren, klassenleraar, psycholoog, pedagoog en dergelijke.
Većina škola ima i svoju biblioteku, gde učenici mogu učiti ili pozajmiti knjige.
|||||||||||emprunter|
Majority|||||library|||||||
Most schools also have their own library, where students can study or borrow books.
Takođe, da bi pomogli učenicima i njihovim interesovanjima, mnogo srednjih škola ima svoje sekcije.
|||||||interests||||||clubs
Also, to help students and their interests, many high schools have their own sections.
Sekcija – to je poseban, dodatni čas iz neke oblasti: pozorište, književnost, muzika, film i slično.
|||||||||Theater|||||
section||||additional||||||||||
Section - it is a special, additional class in some area: theater, literature, music, film and the like.
Ovi časovi nisu obavezni i učenici ovde mogu pokazati svoju kreativnost i svoju ljubav prema nekoj oblasti.
|classes|||||||show their creativity||creativity||||||
These classes are not compulsory and students can show their creativity and their love for a field here.
Kada učenici završe srednju školu, oni spremaju maturski rad.
||||||preparing|graduation|
When students graduate from high school, they prepare their graduation thesis.
Wanneer studenten afstuderen van de middelbare school, bereiden ze hun afstudeerscriptie voor.
To je rad koji učenik piše na određenu temu uz pomoć svog mentora, nastavnika.
|||||||déterminée||||||
|||||||specific|||||mentor|
It is a paper that the student writes on a specific topic with the help of his mentor, the teacher.
Takođe, učenik polaže maturski ispit.
||legt ab||
||takes||
Also, the student takes the matriculation exam.
Ako učenik želi da upiše fakultet, onda mora polagati prijemni ispit na tom fakultetu.
||||||||passer|||||
||||enroll||||take|entrance exam||||
|||||||||Aufnahmeprüfung||||
If a student wants to enter a university, he must take the entrance exam at that university.
Naravno, veliki broj fakulteta u Srbiji su državni fakulteti i ako učenik ima dobar prosek (dobre ocene), ne mora potrošiti mnogo novca da bi platio studije.
||||||||||||||Durchschnitt|||||ausgeben||||||
|||faculties of higher education||||state||||||||||||spend|||||pay|tuition
Of course, a large number of faculties in Serbia are state faculties and if a student has a good average (good grades), he does not have to spend a lot of money to pay for his studies.
Kada upiše fakultet, učenik postaje student.
||||becomes|
When he enters the faculty, the student becomes a student.
Wanneer hij de faculteit betreedt, wordt de student een student.
Baš zbog ovoga, najveći broj studenata studira na državnim fakultetima.
|||||students|||state|universities
Because of this, the largest number of students study at state colleges.
Hierdoor studeren de meeste studenten aan staatscolleges.
Država Srbija ima osam državnih univerziteta i deset privatnih.
der Staat||||||||
|||||university|||
The country of Serbia has eight state universities and ten private ones.
Državni univerziteti postoje u Beogradu, Novom Sadu, Kragujevcu, Nišu, Novom Pazaru i Prištini.
||||||||||Pazar||
|universities||||||Kragujevac|Niš||New Pazar||Pristina
State universities exist in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac, Niš, Novi Pazar and Pristina.
Svaki univerzitet ima više fakulteta, na primer: filološki fakultet, matematički fakultet, biološki fakultet, pravni fakultet i tako dalje.
|university||||||philological||||biological||law faculty||||
Each university has several faculties, for example: Faculty of Philology, Faculty of Mathematics, Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Law and so on.
Ovakvi fakulteti traju uglavnom četiri godine i to su osnovne studije.
||last||||||||
Such faculties generally last four years and are basic studies.
Dergelijke faculteiten duren over het algemeen vier jaar en zijn basisstudies.
Posle osnovnih studija, student može upisati master studije (koje traju jednu godinu), a posle toga može upisati i doktorske studije.
|undergraduate|study program||||master's studies||||||||||||doctoral studies|
After basic studies, a student can enroll in master's studies (which last one year), and after that he can enroll in doctoral studies.
Pored fakulteta, postoje i više škole.
In addition to the faculty, there are also higher schools.
Više škole, zapravo nisu „više“ od fakulteta, nego predstavljaju niži stepen.
||en fait||||||représentent||
||||||||represent||lower degree
||||||||||Grad
Höhere Schulen sind in der Tat nicht "höher" als die Fakultät, sondern repräsentieren eine niedrigere Ebene.
Higher schools, in fact, are not "higher" than colleges, but represent a lower level.
Hogere scholen zijn eigenlijk niet "hoger" dan hogescholen, maar vertegenwoordigen een lager niveau.
One obično traju tri godine i slične su stručnim srednjim školama.
||||||similar|||middle|
They usually last three years and are similar to vocational secondary schools.
U višim školama student može naučiti specifične, praktične poslove.
|höheren|||||||
|higher|||||specific||tasks
In higher schools, students can learn specific, practical jobs.
Ocene na fakultetu idu od 5 do 10 (10 je najbolja ocena).
College grades range from 5 to 10 (10 being the best grade).
Studenti sa najboljim ocenama imaju besplatno studiranje, a studenti sa lošijim ocenama obično plaćaju oko 100.000 dinara godišnje.
|||grades|||studying||||worse||||||
Students with the best grades study for free, and students with worse grades usually pay around 100,000 dinars per year.
Fakulteti funkcionišu kao i svuda u svetu.
||||everywhere||world
Colleges function like everywhere else in the world.
Predavanja (časovi) na fakultetu ne moraju biti obavezni.
lectures|||||||
Lectures (classes) at the university do not have to be compulsory.
Colleges (colleges) op de universiteit hoeven niet verplicht te zijn.
Studenti polažu kolokvijume (testove) i ispite koji mogu biti usmeni i pismeni.
|legen||||||||mündlich||schriftlich
||colloquiums|||exams||||oral||written
Students take colloquiums (tests) and exams that can be oral or written.
Mogu pisati i seminarske radove – to su eseji na određenu temu.
|||||||||ein bestimmtes|
|||seminar||||essays||certain|
I can also write term papers - these are essays on a specific topic.
Ik kan ook scripties schrijven - dit zijn essays over een specifiek onderwerp.
Veliki broj studenata živi u studentskim domovima.
|||||student dorms|student dorms
A large number of students live in dormitories.
To su zgrade u kojima studenti imaju svoju sobu koju obično dele sa još jednim studentom.
||||||||room|||share|||one|students
These are buildings where students have their own room that they usually share with another student.
Ovakvi državni studentski domovi nisu skupi: oko 1.500 - 2.000 dinara mesečno.
||student dormitories|student dormitories|||||monthly
Such state student dormitories are not expensive: around 1,500 - 2,000 dinars per month.
Dergelijke slaapzalen voor staatsstudenten zijn niet duur: ongeveer 1.500 - 2.000 dinar per maand.
Takođe, studenti imaju i menzu.
||||cantine
||||cafeteria
Students also have a canteen.
Studenten hebben ook een kantine.
Menza je mesto gde oni mogu da jedu tri puta dnevno.
|est|||||||||
cafeteria||||||||||daily
The canteen is where they can eat three times a day.
Menza takođe nije skupa, jedan ručak može koštati i manje od 100 dinara.
|||||||cost||||
The canteen is also not expensive, one lunch can cost less than 100 dinars.
Studenti imaju i svoju polikliniku – bolnicu gde dobijaju besplatnu zdravstvenu negu i lečenje.
||||polyclinic|hospital|||free|health|care||treatment
Students also have their own polyclinic - a hospital where they receive free health care and treatment.
Ako se student razboli, ne mora plaćati doktora, ako ga boli zub, ne mora plaćati zubara.
||||||paying||||hurts|tooth||||
If a student gets sick, he does not have to pay the doctor, if he has a toothache, he does not have to pay the dentist.
U celoj zemlji studenti imaju prava na veliki broj popusta: na karte za autobus, voz, avion, pozorišta, bioskop, na kupovinu knjiga i slično.
|||||||||Rabatte|||||||||||||
|||||||||discounts||||bus|train||theater tickets||||||similar things
Throughout the country, students have the right to a large number of discounts: on bus, train, plane, theater, cinema tickets, on the purchase of books, and the like.
Većina studenata radi diplomski rad.
Majority|||diploma|
Most of the students do graduate work.
De meeste studenten doen afstudeerwerk.
To je poslednji rad iz neke oblasti, a profesor je mentor i pomaže studentu.
||letzte|||||||||||
||||||||||mentor|||student
It is the last paper in a field, and the professor is a mentor and helps the student.
Posle diplomiranja student dobija diplomu i može tražiti posao, ali na nekim fakultetima student mora završiti i master da bi mogao naći posao.
|graduation||||||||||||||complete his master's|||||could||
After graduation, the student receives a diploma and can look for a job, but at some faculties the student must also complete a master's degree in order to find a job.
Na het afstuderen ontvangt de student een diploma en kan hij op zoek naar een baan, maar bij sommige faculteiten moet de student ook een masteropleiding afronden om een baan te vinden.
Veliki broj studenata ide na razmenu u drugu zemlju, preko Erasmus+ programa i veliki broj studenata radi master u drugim zemljama Evrope.
|||||Austausch||||||||||||||||
|||||exchange|||||Erasmus|program|||||||||countries|
A large number of students go on exchange to another country, through the Erasmus+ program, and a large number of students do their master's degree in other European countries.
Beograd je najveći univerzitetski centar u Srbiji i mnogo studenata iz cele zemlje dolazi u ovaj grad na studije.
|||university||||||||the whole|||||||
Belgrade is the largest university center in Serbia and many students from all over the country come to this city to study.
Neki studenti dolaze i iz Crne Gore i Bosne i Hercegovine.
||||||||||Herzegovina
Some students also come from Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
