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Inter-War Period (between WW 1 and II), The True Story of How WW2 Began | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1939 Part 3 of 3 I SEASON FINALE - YouTube (1)

The True Story of How WW2 Began | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1939 Part 3 of 3 I SEASON FINALE - YouTube (1)

Is the world ready for war in 1939?

Is it ready for war at any time?

Is it even something we can be ready for?

Some people think so, and they make it into a plan, a path forward based on careful consideration

and calculation.

But as Journalist Rebecca West said in 1937 to WWI veteran and Military Historian, Captain

Lidell Hart: "Before a war military science seems a real science—like astronomy; but

after a war it seems more like astrology."

To which Hart replied: "Perhaps that conclusion is rather hard on astrology.”

Welcome to the final episode of Season one of Between-2-Wars, a chronological summary

of the interwar years, covering all facets of life, the uncertainty, hedonism, and euphoria,

and ultimately humanity's descent into the darkness of the Second World War.

I'm Indy Neidell.

So, here we are on August 31,1939, almost 21 years after the end of the Great War.

Far gone is the optimism and hope that armistice brought in November 1918, the golden future

promised by the economic boom of the second half of the 1920s, the elation at the emancipation

of nationalities, ethnicities, and women across the world, the promise of progress by inventions

like airplanes, ubiquitous telephony, toasters, a car for everyman, radio, and even the beginnings

of TV that will make life easier, more fun, and bring us closer together.

These dreams of a brave new world now seem like distant fever hallucinations.

What is eft is just the fever of war itself, that has never really gone away: The heightened

temperature from the Russian Civil War and the Bolshevik attempt to subjugate the nascent

nations in Eastern Europe, the raging fires of civil war in China, Japanese violent colonial

expansion, and the hot heat of the European colonial Empires pressing down on their indigenous

subjects, the incessant beat of the pulse that drums a threat of Communist revolution.

The aches and pains of coups, and the collapse of one after the other of the new democracies,

the rise of Naziism, Fascism, Communism, and Socialism- as it was originally defined- with

their absolute disdain for the sanctity of human life.

The delirious chauvinism and outrage at perceived injustices by German neo-Imperialists with

renewed Teutonic blustering, threats, and finally occupation.

A world tearing itself apart into a multitude of ‘us and them' states, a world organism

whose cells fight against each other for the future, while its temperature grows ever hotter.

A world infected by suspicion, greed, self-righteousness, hatred, and bloodlust.

And to us here in 2020, it might look like tomorrow- September 1st is a shocking, sudden

collapse that takes the world by surprise.

But that is far from the truth.

The whispers of a coming war have been circulating for months, even years by now.

It's more like a giant storm gathering on the horizon than the unpredicted devastation

of an earthquake.

Perhaps a more timely comparison in 2020, is a long series of epidemics that are now

about to explode into a virulent pandemic of destruction.

Five regimes, their leaders and their followers, have been the main ones seeding this infection

for years now.

They are Chiang Kai-Shek and Mao Zedong in the ideologically divided China, Emperor Hirohito

and his generals in Imperial Japan, Joseph Stalin in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,

Benito Mussolini in Fascist Italy, and Adolf Hitler in the Nazi German Reich.

Chiang and Mao have torn China, the most populous country in the world, apart, repeatedly throwing

the nation into ideologically driven civil wars- an opportunity that the Japanese Emperor

and his warlords, hellbent on domination over all of East Asia, have seized upon to occupy

Manchuria and then to invade China and conquer further territory.

After the failures of the Russian Bolsheviks to reestablish the borders of the Russian

empire for the Soviet Union, Stalin has consolidated his personal power and is now the de facto

totalitarian dictator of one of the resource richest countries, with the largest landmass

on the planet.

He is in ruthless, murderous control of a federation of states that he has violently

turned from an agrarian, 19th century economy into an inhumane juggernaut of Industry, designed

to turn out endless war machinery.

Today on August 31, 1939 his eyes are once again set on his old goal of recreating a

Socialist version of the Czarist Empire, and perhaps even striking further westward toward

the Atlantic.

Mussolini has bullied and blustered his way into dominion over the central portion of

the Mediterranean Sea, awakening the old colonial strife in Africa.

Events that have once and for all defeated the attempts of world leaders to establish

international checks and balances to prevent another world war after the war to end all

wars.

Hitler, now totalitarian dictator of one of the richest, most advanced countries in the

world, has based his whole ideology on murderous racial and political violence, and a war of

conquest to create Lebensraum for the German people.

He has meticulously and systematically rearmed the Reich, priming its population for war,

while lying that he wants peace, stoking the fires of hatred, and crying… no, screaming

his unfounded outrage from the Nazi bully pulpit.

He has by now driven the German economy into a frenzy of overspending that leaves them

with no option other than conquest to keep from going off a cliff.

And what do the old mighty Western powers, who could offer real opposition to all of

this, do while the tyrants whip the dogs of war into a frenzy?

The simple answer is that they're busy staring into their own navels.

The more complex answer is that even if they want to, they are facing fantastic hurdles

to do anything.

In less than twenty years, the US, Great Britain, France, many of the Commonwealth countries,

several Latin American nations.

Scandinavia, Benelux, and Czechoslovakia have emerged from proto-democratic, patriarchic

societies and begun establishing themselves as modern, universal democracies.

Led by the effort to disarm by the US, they have chosen a path towards peace, a path that

most of their democratic constituents wants them to stay on.

And the economic roller coaster, ending in the 1929 Wall Street crash and the worldwide

depression that followed, has pummeled them into a recovery effort that keeps them busy

with their own problems.

Now, inside these nascent universal democracies there is still a great deal of injustice.

Emancipation, fiscal parity, and equal treatment and opportunity for minorities and women are

still far away.

But they have taken giant leaps to promote modernity, equality, and democracy in their

own lands.

At the same time, however, they have failed to let go of their dominion over a gigantic

majority of the people who still live under the yoke of exploitation and subservience

in their colonies.

In Africa, the Middle East, South East Asia, the Pacific, and India, Great Britain, France,

the Netherlands and the US have been reluctant, or even refused to allow these peoples entry

to the modern world and sovereignty over their own lives.

It's for economic reasons, because of lingering chauvinism and racism, and perhaps to hold

on to one last straw of military dominance in a world of ever-increasing threats.

And these threats have not just come from outside, but from ideological forces within.

On the extreme left, Socialists and Communists, and on the extreme right, Reactionaries and

Fascists have repeatedly threatened to topple the fragile state of increasing democracy,

order, lawfulness, and equality.

Some of the countries that came into the fold of democracy in the years after WWI have fallen

to these forces, Germany perhaps chief among them.

In South America many countries are vacillating between democracy, and left wing and right

wing autocracy.

In Europe Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Greece, and

Bulgaria are also by now autocracies that are ripe to become pawns or prey in the game

of the great new tyrants.

So in the end it is up to the democratic nations to provide a real bulwark against renewed

expansionist wars in Europe.

But with aspirations to peace, global opposition to foreign involvement, and war in general

by ordinary people, these democracies have failed to build adequate protections in case

of renewed armed conflict, at least at first they did.

But gradually the events in China, and Hitler's vocal rise have raised alarms and caused at

least a debate about rearming.

Before that debate turns into action it is already too late, however.

It is only when the efforts to appease Hitler become a clear failure as he invades and annexes

all of Czechia earlier this year that a defensive rearmament effort really picks up speed.

As does the awareness that war is coming, like it or not.

From the moment that the Wehrmacht moves in across the Czech border in March 1939, the

news across the world is dominated by speculation of a new European war, even a new world war.

The June 12 issue of TIME Magazine in the US becomes the first to use the terms World

War I and World War II with roman numerals.

So already before the war arrives it carries the ominous moniker of a Second World War.

It addresses the fears now driving rearmament specifically.

“The only reason that so much of the world's hard-earned wealth is poured down an uneconomic

rathole is that men expect and fear the coming of a Second World War.

That expectation and fear is the greatest political force in the world today.

Horror of the war itself makes mankind recoil towards peace, but the probable nature of

the war and the fear of its outcome drive men to prepare for it.”

The TIME article, “Europe: War Machines” is a military analysis of how ready the armies

of the world are for a war.

It opens with a dire analysis;

“In 1933, the last effective year of the Versailles-League of Nations system, the world's

armies numbered 7,000,000 men, its navies totalled 3,000,000 tons, its military planes

were 14,000, and $4,000,000,000 was spent to keep the men and machines of war.

Pacifists considered these figures pretty horrible.

As it turns out they were small potatoes.

In 1938, the year of Munich, armies had increased to 10,000,000 men, naval tonnage had jumped

to 8,000,000, military planes had possibly trebled in number and $17,000,000,000 went

slithering down the gullet of the hungry god of war-to-be.

This year, with Russia leading the Big Parade (U.S.S.R. war budget for 1939 is $8,000,000,000),

these figures are again skyrocketing.”

The article then goes into a deep analysis of how prepared the forces of the world are.

A force and capacity count indicates that the Axis already have a significant advantage

in Europe, both in force and equipment.

The only way for Britain and France to avoid initial defeat and have time to even that

out, is if the Soviet Union, or the US join the Allies.

A war involving the East with Japan and China pulled in as well would require both the US

and the Soviets as Allies to create an even fight.

But with the ideological enmity between the Soviets and the Nazis that should be in the

cards, right?

After all, the tyrants have formed two blocks in stark opposition to each other, with the

outright purpose of seeking a resolution through conflict.

In the past three years, Hitler, Hirohito, and Mussolini have formed the anti-Comintern

pact, an ideological alliance aimed to oppose Stalin, Mao, and their followers' attempts

at establishing Socialism and Communism as an international ideology of rule.

Hungary and Fascist Spain have joined the pact this year.

Chiang is caught in the middle, dependent on Mao's cooperation and Stalin's support

to fight off the Japanese aggression.

Ideologically opposed to both of them he also courts and gains German support for his war

against Germany's own ally.

This is not the only conflict that these powers support, In fact they make an effort to seed

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The True Story of How WW2 Began | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1939 Part 3 of 3 I SEASON FINALE - YouTube (1) Die wahre Geschichte, wie der 2. Weltkrieg begann | ZWISCHEN 2 KRIEGEN I 1939 Teil 3 von 3 I SEASON FINALE - YouTube (1) 第2次世界大戦勃発の真相|BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1939 Part 3 of 3 I SEASON FINALE - YouTube (1) Prawdziwa historia początku II wojny światowej | MIĘDZY 2 WOJNAMI I 1939 Część 3 z 3 FINAŁ SEZONU - YouTube (1) Правдива історія про те, як почалася Друга світова війна | МІЖ ДВОМА ВІЙНАМИ I 1939 Частина 3 з 3 I СЕЗОНУ ЗАКІНЧЕННЯ - YouTube (1) 第二次世界大战如何开始的真实故事 | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1939 第 3 部分,共 3 季结局 - YouTube (1) 第二次世界大戰如何開始的真實故事 | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1939 第 3 部分,共 3 季結局 - YouTube (1)

Is the world ready for war in 1939? Готов ли мир к войне в 39-м?

Is it ready for war at any time? Готов ли он вступить в войну в любой момент?

Is it even something we can be ready for? Можно ли вообще подготовиться к ней?

Some people think so, and they make it into a plan, a path forward based on careful consideration Кое-кто думает, что да, и готовит план - путь вперёд, основанный на учёте всех факторов и расчётах.

and calculation.

But as Journalist Rebecca West said in 1937 to WWI veteran and Military Historian, Captain ||journalist||||||||||| ветерану Первой Мировой и военному историку капитану Лиделлу Харту:

Lidell Hart: "Before a war military science seems a real science—like astronomy; but "Перед войной военная наука похожа на настоящую науку - как астрономия -

after a war it seems more like astrology." но после войны она больше напоминает астрологию",

To which Hart replied: "Perhaps that conclusion is rather hard on astrology.” на что Харт отвечает:"Судя по вашему выводу, вы весьма плохо отзываетесь об астрологии."

Welcome to the final episode of Season one of Between-2-Wars, a chronological summary

of the interwar years, covering all facets of life, the uncertainty, hedonism, and euphoria, de los||||||||||||| неопределённость, гедонизм и эйфорию,

and ultimately humanity's descent into the darkness of the Second World War. |||descent|||||||| и окончательное падение человечества во тьму Второй Мировой войны.

I'm Indy Neidell. Меня зовут Инди Найделл.

So, here we are on August 31,1939, almost 21 years after the end of the Great War. Итак, на дворе 31-е августа 1939 г., после окончания Великой войны прошёл почти 21 год.

Far gone is the optimism and hope that armistice brought in November 1918, the golden future

promised by the economic boom of the second half of the 1920s, the elation at the emancipation ||||||||||||||||emancipation

of nationalities, ethnicities, and women across the world, the promise of progress by inventions

like airplanes, ubiquitous telephony, toasters, a car for everyman, radio, and even the beginnings ||||tostadoras||||||||| тостеров, машины для обывателей, радио и даже зачатков телевидения -

of TV that will make life easier, more fun, and bring us closer together. словом всё, что облегчит жизнь, принесёт радость и сблизит нас вместе.

These dreams of a brave new world now seem like distant fever hallucinations. Эти грёзы о дивном новом мире сейчас походят на галлюцинации в лихорадочном бреду.

What is eft is just the fever of war itself, that has never really gone away: The heightened ||||||fever||||||||||| Осталась только лихорадка войны. Да она никогда и не уходила:

temperature from the Russian Civil War and the Bolshevik attempt to subjugate the nascent |||||||||||subjugate||

nations in Eastern Europe, the raging fires of civil war in China, Japanese violent colonial свирепствующая гражданская война в Китае, агрессивная колониальная экспансия Японии,

expansion, and the hot heat of the European colonial Empires pressing down on their indigenous Жара в колониях европейских империй, угнетающих своих туземных подданных,

subjects, the incessant beat of the pulse that drums a threat of Communist revolution. ||||||||||threat||| беспрестанное битьё в набат, предупреждающее об угрозе коммунистической революции.

The aches and pains of coups, and the collapse of one after the other of the new democracies, Боль и страдания переворотов, а также крах одной новой демократии за другой,

the rise of Naziism, Fascism, Communism, and Socialism- as it was originally defined- with подъём нацизма, фашизма, коммунизма и социализма в его первоначальном виде

their absolute disdain for the sanctity of human life. с их полным презрением к неприкосновенности человеческой жизни.

The delirious chauvinism and outrage at perceived injustices by German neo-Imperialists with

renewed Teutonic blustering, threats, and finally occupation.

A world tearing itself apart into a multitude of ‘us and them' states, a world organism ||tearing|||||||||||||

whose cells fight against each other for the future, while its temperature grows ever hotter.

A world infected by suspicion, greed, self-righteousness, hatred, and bloodlust. ||||suspicion||||||

And to us here in 2020, it might look like tomorrow- September 1st is a shocking, sudden

collapse that takes the world by surprise.

But that is far from the truth. Но это далеко от истины.

The whispers of a coming war have been circulating for months, even years by now. На данный момент слухи о грядущей войне циркулируют уже месяцы и даже годы.

It's more like a giant storm gathering on the horizon than the unpredicted devastation Это скорее как гигантская буря, собирающаяся на горизонте, чем непредсказуемые разрушения от землетрясения.

of an earthquake.

Perhaps a more timely comparison in 2020, is a long series of epidemics that are now

about to explode into a virulent pandemic of destruction.

Five regimes, their leaders and their followers, have been the main ones seeding this infection Пять режимов, их лидеры и последователи, являются главными разносчиками заразы все эти годы.

for years now.

They are Chiang Kai-Shek and Mao Zedong in the ideologically divided China, Emperor Hirohito

and his generals in Imperial Japan, Joseph Stalin in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Иосиф Сталин, глава Союза Советских Социалистических Республик

Benito Mussolini in Fascist Italy, and Adolf Hitler in the Nazi German Reich. Бенито Муссолини в фашистской Италии и Адольф Гитлер в нацистстом Германском Рейхе.

Chiang and Mao have torn China, the most populous country in the world, apart, repeatedly throwing ||||torn|||||||||||

the nation into ideologically driven civil wars- an opportunity that the Japanese Emperor

and his warlords, hellbent on domination over all of East Asia, have seized upon to occupy

Manchuria and then to invade China and conquer further territory.

After the failures of the Russian Bolsheviks to reestablish the borders of the Russian ||failures|||||||||||

empire for the Soviet Union, Stalin has consolidated his personal power and is now the de facto

totalitarian dictator of one of the resource richest countries, with the largest landmass богатой ресурсами страны, занимающей 1/6 часть суши на планете Земля.

on the planet.

He is in ruthless, murderous control of a federation of states that he has violently |||ruthless|||||||||||

turned from an agrarian, 19th century economy into an inhumane juggernaut of Industry, designed

to turn out endless war machinery.

Today on August 31, 1939 his eyes are once again set on his old goal of recreating a

Socialist version of the Czarist Empire, and perhaps even striking further westward toward

the Atlantic. Муссолини своей наглостью и напором завладел центральной частью Средиземноморья,

Mussolini has bullied and blustered his way into dominion over the central portion of

the Mediterranean Sea, awakening the old colonial strife in Africa. пробуждая отголоски старой колониальной вражды в Африке.

Events that have once and for all defeated the attempts of world leaders to establish Произошли события, раз и навсегда покончившие с попытками мировых лидеров

international checks and balances to prevent another world war after the war to end all установить систему сдержек и противовесов после войны, которая положит конец всем войнам.

wars. Гитлер, теперь тоталитарный диктатор одной из самых богатых и развитых стран в мире

Hitler, now totalitarian dictator of one of the richest, most advanced countries in the

world, has based his whole ideology on murderous racial and political violence, and a war of основал свою идеологию на расовом и политическом насилии

conquest to create Lebensraum for the German people. conquest||||||| и завоевании жизненного пространства для германского народа.

He has meticulously and systematically rearmed the Reich, priming its population for war, Он планомерно и дотошно перевооружил Рейх, настраивая свой народ на войну,

while lying that he wants peace, stoking the fires of hatred, and crying… no, screaming

his unfounded outrage from the Nazi bully pulpit.

He has by now driven the German economy into a frenzy of overspending that leaves them ||||||||||frenesí||gastos excesivos|||

with no option other than conquest to keep from going off a cliff.

And what do the old mighty Western powers, who could offer real opposition to all of

this, do while the tyrants whip the dogs of war into a frenzy?

The simple answer is that they're busy staring into their own navels.

The more complex answer is that even if they want to, they are facing fantastic hurdles |||||||||||||||obstáculos formidables

to do anything.

In less than twenty years, the US, Great Britain, France, many of the Commonwealth countries, Меньше чем за 20 лет США, Великобритания, Франция, многие страны Содружества,

several Latin American nations. несколько стран Латинской Америки, Скандинавия, Бенилюкс и Чехословакия

Scandinavia, Benelux, and Czechoslovakia have emerged from proto-democratic, patriarchic только-только выросли из протодемократических патриархальных обществ

societies and begun establishing themselves as modern, universal democracies. и начали становиться современными, народными демократиями.

Led by the effort to disarm by the US, they have chosen a path towards peace, a path that

most of their democratic constituents wants them to stay on.

And the economic roller coaster, ending in the 1929 Wall Street crash and the worldwide

depression that followed, has pummeled them into a recovery effort that keeps them busy

with their own problems.

Now, inside these nascent universal democracies there is still a great deal of injustice.

Emancipation, fiscal parity, and equal treatment and opportunity for minorities and women are

still far away.

But they have taken giant leaps to promote modernity, equality, and democracy in their Однако они уже пошли огромными шагами навстречу современности, равенству и демократии в своей стране.

own lands. Но в то же время они не смогли отпустить из-под своего владычества колоссальное число людей,

At the same time, however, they have failed to let go of their dominion over a gigantic

majority of the people who still live under the yoke of exploitation and subservience до сих пор запряжённых в ярмо колониальной эксплуатации и рабства.

in their colonies.

In Africa, the Middle East, South East Asia, the Pacific, and India, Great Britain, France,

the Netherlands and the US have been reluctant, or even refused to allow these peoples entry |||||||reluctant||||||||

to the modern world and sovereignty over their own lives.

It's for economic reasons, because of lingering chauvinism and racism, and perhaps to hold Этим движут экономические причины, ещё не отжившие шовинизм и расизм, а может, и желание

on to one last straw of military dominance in a world of ever-increasing threats. ||||paja|||||||||| держаться за последнюю тростинку военного доминирования в мире нарастающих угроз.

And these threats have not just come from outside, but from ideological forces within. И эти угрозы приходят не только извне, но также из внутренних идеологических движений.

On the extreme left, Socialists and Communists, and on the extreme right, Reactionaries and Социалисты слева, реакционеры и фашисты справа нависли дамокловым мечом

Fascists have repeatedly threatened to topple the fragile state of increasing democracy, |||||||fragile||||

order, lawfulness, and equality.

Some of the countries that came into the fold of democracy in the years after WWI have fallen

to these forces, Germany perhaps chief among them.

In South America many countries are vacillating between democracy, and left wing and right

wing autocracy.

In Europe Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Greece, and

Bulgaria are also by now autocracies that are ripe to become pawns or prey in the game

of the great new tyrants.

So in the end it is up to the democratic nations to provide a real bulwark against renewed

expansionist wars in Europe.

But with aspirations to peace, global opposition to foreign involvement, and war in general

by ordinary people, these democracies have failed to build adequate protections in case

of renewed armed conflict, at least at first they did. ||armed|||||||

But gradually the events in China, and Hitler's vocal rise have raised alarms and caused at

least a debate about rearming.

Before that debate turns into action it is already too late, however.

It is only when the efforts to appease Hitler become a clear failure as he invades and annexes

all of Czechia earlier this year that a defensive rearmament effort really picks up speed. ||||||||||||acelera||

As does the awareness that war is coming, like it or not.

From the moment that the Wehrmacht moves in across the Czech border in March 1939, the

news across the world is dominated by speculation of a new European war, even a new world war.

The June 12 issue of TIME Magazine in the US becomes the first to use the terms World

War I and World War II with roman numerals.

So already before the war arrives it carries the ominous moniker of a Second World War.

It addresses the fears now driving rearmament specifically.

“The only reason that so much of the world's hard-earned wealth is poured down an uneconomic "Единственная причина, по которой нажитое трудом богатство мира выливается в нерентабельную дыру, -

rathole is that men expect and fear the coming of a Second World War. это страх людей того, что неминуемо грядет Вторая Мировая войнв.

That expectation and fear is the greatest political force in the world today. Этот страх и чувство неминуемости - главные политические силы, управляющие миром.

Horror of the war itself makes mankind recoil towards peace, but the probable nature of

the war and the fear of its outcome drive men to prepare for it.”

The TIME article, “Europe: War Machines” is a military analysis of how ready the armies

of the world are for a war.

It opens with a dire analysis;

“In 1933, the last effective year of the Versailles-League of Nations system, the world's "1933 г. был последним годом, когда Версальская система и Лига Наций ещё действовали.

armies numbered 7,000,000 men, its navies totalled 3,000,000 tons, its military planes

were 14,000, and $4,000,000,000 was spent to keep the men and machines of war.

Pacifists considered these figures pretty horrible.

As it turns out they were small potatoes.

In 1938, the year of Munich, armies had increased to 10,000,000 men, naval tonnage had jumped

to 8,000,000, military planes had possibly trebled in number and $17,000,000,000 went

slithering down the gullet of the hungry god of war-to-be.

This year, with Russia leading the Big Parade (U.S.S.R. war budget for 1939 is $8,000,000,000),

these figures are again skyrocketing.”

The article then goes into a deep analysis of how prepared the forces of the world are.

A force and capacity count indicates that the Axis already have a significant advantage |||||indicates||||||||

in Europe, both in force and equipment.

The only way for Britain and France to avoid initial defeat and have time to even that ||||||||avoid|initial|defeat|||||| ||||||||||derrota inicial||||||

out, is if the Soviet Union, or the US join the Allies. если к Союзникам присоединится СССР или США .

A war involving the East with Japan and China pulled in as well would require both the US

and the Soviets as Allies to create an even fight.

But with the ideological enmity between the Soviets and the Nazis that should be in the

cards, right? В конце концов, их тираны сформировали два блока противостояния друг с другом

After all, the tyrants have formed two blocks in stark opposition to each other, with the |||||||||strong||||||

outright purpose of seeking a resolution through conflict. propósito directo|||||||

In the past three years, Hitler, Hirohito, and Mussolini have formed the anti-Comintern

pact, an ideological alliance aimed to oppose Stalin, Mao, and their followers' attempts ||||destinado a|||||||| идеологический союз, направленный против попыток Сталина, Мао и их последователей

at establishing Socialism and Communism as an international ideology of rule. установить мировой социализм и коммунизм.

Hungary and Fascist Spain have joined the pact this year. В этом году у пакту присоединились Венгрия и Испания.

Chiang is caught in the middle, dependent on Mao's cooperation and Stalin's support

to fight off the Japanese aggression.

Ideologically opposed to both of them he also courts and gains German support for his war

against Germany's own ally.

This is not the only conflict that these powers support, In fact they make an effort to seed