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Daily English with Sylvia, BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Are artistic brains different?

BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Are artistic brains different?

Neil:

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

Sam:

And I'm Sam.

Neil:

Would you say you're artistic, Sam? Can you draw or paint? Do you dance or play music?

Sam:

I play the piano a bit. Yes, I'd say I'm quite artistic. How about you, Neil?

Neil:

Well, if you count playing football as artistic then yes, but basically no – I can't paint.

Sam:

We've been wondering why artistic ability comes more naturally to some people than others, so in this programme we'll be asking: are artists' brains different?

We'll hear two expert opinions, and as usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary as well.

So, what do you think, Neil? Are artists' brains different from other people's?

Neil:

I'm not sure, Sam, but it's true that many artists behave differently, often in very strange ways.

For example, did you know that Michelangelo worked so hard he never took a bath!

Or that guitar legend, Jimi Hendrix, once set fire to his guitar on stage!

We'll hear more about the artist's brain soon, but first I have a question for you.

As you said, artistic ability comes naturally to some people, including the famous composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Mozart was considered a child prodigy - a young child with very great musical talent.

So, how old was Mozart when he composed his first piece of music? Was he:

a) five years old? b) ten years old? or, c) fifteen years old?

Sam:

I'll guess he was a) five years old.

Neil:

OK, Sam. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.

If artists' brains are different, it could mean they see the world in unusual ways.

Dr Rebecca Chamberlain is a researcher in the neuroscience of art.

She investigates how artists see the objects they are drawing by measuring saccades – the rapid movements our eyes make as they jump from one thing to another.

Here she shares her findings with BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience.

Rebecca Chamberlain:

Artists seem to be processing the visual world in a different way to non-artists, particularly when they're drawing.

The artist actually takes a more global approach to looking – so they make bigger saccades, bigger eye movements, and shorter fixations on the image.

So, it's almost like they're getting much more of a kind of gist level view of the thing they're looking at.

Sam:

Rebecca's experiments seem to confirm that artists' brains work differently because of their processing of the visual world – the way their brains make sense of information.

Interestingly, processing also means the act of developing pictures from photographic film.

Neil:

When they draw, artists make bigger, quicker eye movements so they are able to see the whole picture, something also known as the gist – the overall, general impression of something without focussing on the details.

If you ‘get the gist' of what someone is saying, you understand the overall meaning of what they say, but not the details.

Sam:

The second expert to answer our question about the artistic brain is Mike, a BBC World Service listener from Malawi.

Mike is a self-taught painter who creates large, colourful pictures in his studio.

According to him, artistic ability isn't something you're born with - it can be learned, as he explained to BBC World Service's, CrowdScience.

Arts teacher Mike:

I had this other student… he was really at the zero, like, he could not draw – at all.

So, I gave him some tips, and in a month, he was really good – he was like really surprised, blown away, he never expected it.

So, there are some things that are trainable, it's like a bike.

In my case, I learned how to do those things without anyone telling me, you know like, if you are drawing the face, the human face, the distance between your eyes is the same as one of your eyes.

Neil:

Mike gives tips to his students – helpful pieces of advice about how to do something, in this case, to paint.

After getting Mike's tips, one of his students really improved and started painting much better.

Mike was blown away – an informal way to say very impressed or surprised.

Sam:

Like learning to ride a bike, Mike thinks that painting is trainable – a word from American English meaning that it can be taught or trained.

For him, this is proof that artists' brains are not so different after all.

Neil:

So, there we have it – two different options, but no final answer to our question.

Still, some scientists think there may be third possibility: everyone's brain works by focussing on some areas and ignoring others, making a kind of jigsaw puzzle with missing pieces.

Maybe all of us – you, me, Mozart and Jimi Hendrix - are just filling in the missing pieces our own way.

Sam:

Speaking of Mozart, Neil, it's time to reveal the answer to your question.

Neil:

Right. I asked how old child prodigy Mozart was when he first composed music.

Sam:

I said he was five years old… so, was I right?

Neil:

Your answer was correct!

Mozart was five when first wrote music, and by the age of six he had performed in front of the Emperor of Austria – twice!

Now there's an artistic brain!

Sam:

OK, Neil, let's recap the vocabulary from this programme, starting with child prodigy - a young child, like Mozart, with a great talent in something.

Neil:

Processing describes how your brain makes sense of the information it receives.

Sam:

The gist of something is a general understanding of it, without the details.

Neil:

Tips are useful pieces of advice about how to do something better.

Sam:

If you are blown away, you are very impressed or surprised by something.

Neil:

And finally, trainable means able to be trained or taught, in American English.

Sam:

Once again, our six minutes are up. It's goodbye for now!

Neil:

Goodbye!

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BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Are artistic brains different? |||||Sont|artistiques|| ||||||Creative or imaginative|brains|distinct ||||||artístico|| ||||Inglês|são||| BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Sind künstlerische Gehirne anders? BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / ¿Son diferentes los cerebros artísticos? BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Les cerveaux artistiques sont-ils différents ? BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / I cervelli artistici sono diversi? BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / 芸術的な脳は違う? BBC 학습 영어 - 6분 영어 / 예술가의 두뇌는 다른가요? BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Czy artystyczne mózgi są inne? BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Os cérebros artísticos são diferentes? BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Отличаются ли мозги артистов? BBC Learning English - 6 Dakika İngilizce / Sanatsal beyinler farklı mıdır? BBC Learning English - 6-хвилинна англійська / Чи відрізняються мистецькі мізки? BBC 学习英语 - 6 分钟英语 / 艺术大脑有什么不同吗? BBC 學習英語 - 6 分鍾英語 / 藝術大腦有什麼不同嗎?

Neil: Neil (1)

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. ||||||Inglês| I'm Neil.

Sam: Sam : Sam speaking

And I'm Sam. ||Et moi, Sam.

Neil:

Would you say you're artistic, Sam? ||||有艺术天赋| verbo auxiliar||||| Can you draw or paint? ||dessiner|| ||zeichnen|| ||dibujar|| 絵は描けますか? Do you dance or play music? ||||jouer de la| ||move rhythmically|||

Sam:

I play the piano a bit. |||||un peu |||musical instrument|| Yes, I'd say I'm quite artistic. |||||有艺术天赋 |je dirais|||| How about you, Neil? ニール、君はどうだい?

Neil:

Well, if you count playing football as artistic then yes, but basically no – I can't paint. |||算||||艺术的||||基本上||||画 |||compte||football|||||||||| To be honest|||consider||soccer or rugby||||||essentially|||| Beh, se consideri il gioco del calcio come un'attività artistica allora sì, ma fondamentalmente no: non so dipingere.

Sam:

We've been wondering why artistic ability comes more naturally to some people than others, so in this programme we'll be asking: are artists' brains different? ||想知道|||||||||||||||节目|||问||艺术家|大脑| Nous avons||se demander|||capacité artistique|||naturellement|||||autres personnes||||||||sont-ils||| We have||curious about||||||more easily|||||||||||||||| Nous nous demandons pourquoi certaines personnes ont des aptitudes artistiques plus naturelles que d'autres. Dans ce programme, nous nous poserons donc la question suivante : le cerveau des artistes est-il différent ? 私たちは、なぜ芸術的才能が他の人よりも自然に発揮される人がいるのか不思議に思ってきた。そこでこのプログラムでは、「芸術家の脳は違うのか? Ci siamo chiesti perché l'abilità artistica viene più naturale ad alcune persone che ad altre, quindi in questo programma ci chiederemo: il cervello degli artisti è diverso?

We'll hear two expert opinions, and as usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary as well. |||专家||||||||有用的||词汇|| |entendrons|||avis d'experts|||comme d'habitude|||||||| |||expertos|opiniones|||||||útil||||

So, what do you think, Neil? Are artists' brains different from other people's? ||||||人们 |||||autres personnes| 芸術家の脳は他の人とは違うのか?

Neil:

I'm not sure, Sam, but it's true that many artists behave differently, often in very strange ways. ||sûr||||||||se comportent|différemment||||étranges|manières ||||||||||act|in unique ways||||| ||||||||||verhalten|||||| ||||||||||se comportan|||||| Je n'en suis pas sûr, Sam, mais il est vrai que de nombreux artistes se comportent différemment, souvent de manière très étrange.

For example, did you know that Michelangelo worked so hard he never took a bath! ||||||米开朗基罗||||||||澡澡 |par exemple|||||Michel-Ange|travaillait||dur**|qu'il|jamais|a pris||bain ||||||famous Renaissance artist||||||||cleaning oneself Saviez-vous par exemple que Michel-Ange travaillait tellement qu'il ne prenait jamais de bain ? 例えば、ミケランジェロが風呂に入らないほど働き詰めだったことをご存じだろうか!

Or that guitar legend, Jimi Hendrix, once set fire to his guitar on stage! ||guitare|légende de la guitare|Jimi|Jimi Hendrix||a mis le feu|mettre le feu|||||sur scène ||musical instrument|famous musician|Jimi Hendrix|Jimi Hendrix|||set ablaze|||||performance area ||guitarra|lenda|||||||||| |||||||ateşledi|||||| |||传奇|吉米|亨德里克斯|||火||||| ||||||||fuego|||||escenario Ou que la légende de la guitare, Jimi Hendrix, a un jour mis le feu à sa guitare sur scène ! Ou aquele lendário guitarrista, Jimi Hendrix, já incendiou sua guitarra no palco!

We'll hear more about the artist's brain soon, but first I have a question for you. |||||du artiste|||||||||| We will|||||the artist's|||||||||| Nous en saurons bientôt plus sur le cerveau de l'artiste, mais j'ai d'abord une question à vous poser. アーティストの頭脳については近々詳しく聞くつもりだが、その前に質問がある。 Em breve ouviremos mais sobre o cérebro do artista, mas primeiro tenho uma pergunta para você.

As you said, artistic ability comes naturally to some people, including the famous composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. ||||||||||||célèbre|Compositeur|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart|Mozart ||||||||||||||Mozart|Mozart's middle name|famous composer |||||||||||||compositor||| Jak powiedziałeś, zdolności artystyczne przychodzą niektórym ludziom naturalnie, w tym słynnemu kompozytorowi Wolfgangowi Amadeuszowi Mozartowi. Como você disse, a habilidade artística vem naturalmente para algumas pessoas, incluindo o famoso compositor, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Mozart was considered a child prodigy - a young child with very great musical talent. ||||enfant|||jeune||||grand|musical|talent musical exceptionnel ||galt|||Wunderkind|||||||| ||thought of as|||exceptional young talent||very early|||||| ||||||||||||musical| |||||prodigio||||||||

So, how old was Mozart when he composed his first piece of music? ||||||||||pièce de musique|| ||||||||||musical work|| Was he:

a) five years old? |cinq ans|| b) ten years old? ||dix ans| or, c) fifteen years old? ||quinze ans|| ||quince||

Sam:

I'll guess he was a) five years old.

Neil:

OK, Sam. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme. |révélerai|||||| |verraten|||||| |revelaré||||||

If artists' brains are different, it could mean they see the world in unusual ways. |||||||signifier||||||| |||||||||||||ungewöhnlichen| Si le cerveau des artistes est différent, cela pourrait signifier qu'ils voient le monde de manière inhabituelle.

Dr Rebecca Chamberlain is a researcher in the neuroscience of art. |||||chercheuse|||neurosciences de l'art||art Doctor|Dr. Chamberlain|surname|||scientific investigator|||brain science||

She investigates how artists see the objects they are drawing by measuring saccades – the rapid movements our eyes make as they jump from one thing to another. ||||||objets|||dessin||mesurant|saccades oculaires||rapides|mouvements rapides||||||sautent d'un|||chose|| |examines||||||||creating art||tracking|eye movements||quick eye movements|eye shifts||||||move quickly||||| |||||||||||messen|Sakkaden|||||||||||||| |||||||||||medindo|sacadas oculares|||||||||||||| Elle étudie la façon dont les artistes voient les objets qu'ils dessinent en mesurant les saccades, c'est-à-dire les mouvements rapides que font nos yeux pour passer d'une chose à l'autre. 彼女は、サッケード(眼球があるものから別のものへと飛び移るときに行う急速な動き)を測定することによって、アーティストが描いている対象物をどのように見ているかを調査している。 Bada, w jaki sposób artyści postrzegają rysowane obiekty, mierząc sakkady - szybkie ruchy, jakie wykonują nasze oczy, przeskakując z jednej rzeczy na drugą.

Here she shares her findings with BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience. Ici, elle partage|elle|partage|||||||| ||presents||research results||||||Audience Research Program ||||hallazgos||||||

Rebecca Chamberlain:

Artists seem to be processing the visual world in a different way to non-artists, particularly when they're drawing. |semblent|||traiter||visuel|||||||non-artistes||particulièrement||| creative individuals||||interpreting||seen environment|||||||||||| Les artistes semblent traiter le monde visuel d'une manière différente des non-artistes, en particulier lorsqu'ils dessinent. Gli artisti sembrano elaborare il mondo visivo in modo diverso dai non artisti, soprattutto quando disegnano. Artyści wydają się przetwarzać świat wizualny w inny sposób niż nie-artyści, szczególnie gdy rysują.

The artist actually takes a more global approach to looking – so they make bigger saccades, bigger eye movements, and shorter fixations on the image. ||en fait|adopte|un regard global|plus|globale|approche globale|à|regard|donc|ils/elles|font|plus grands||||||||||image ||||||comprehensive or broad|||||||||||||briefer|brief gazes|||the artwork |||||||Ansatz|||||||Sakkaden||||||Fixierungen||| ||||||||||||||sacadas||||||||| L'artiste adopte en fait une approche plus globale de l'observation - il effectue donc des saccades et des mouvements oculaires plus importants et des fixations plus courtes sur l'image. W rzeczywistości artysta przyjmuje bardziej globalne podejście do patrzenia - wykonuje więc większe sakady, większe ruchy gałek ocznych i krótsze fiksacje na obrazie.

So, it's almost like they're getting much more of a kind of gist level view of the thing they're looking at. ||presque||||||||||idée générale|niveau global|aperçu|||||regardent|à propos de Therefore||||||||||||general understanding|||||||| ||||||||||||Überblick|||||||| ||||||||||||essência|||||||| Donc, c'est presque comme s'ils obtiennent une vue beaucoup plus générale de la chose qu'ils regardent. だから、彼らが見ているものに対して、より多くの要点レベルの見解を得ているようなものだ。 Quindi, è quasi come se ricevessero una visione molto più essenziale della cosa che stanno guardando. Wygląda więc na to, że otrzymują bardziej ogólny obraz tego, na co patrzą.

Sam: Sam:

Rebecca's experiments seem to confirm that artists' brains work differently because of their processing of the visual world – the way their brains make sense of information. de Rebecca||||confirmer||||fonctionnent|||||||||||||||comprendre|de|informations visuelles Rebecca has||||||||||||||||||||||||| Les expériences de Rebecca semblent confirmer que les cerveaux des artistes fonctionnent différemment en raison de leur traitement du monde visuel - la manière dont leurs cerveaux donnent un sens à l'information. レベッカの実験では、アーティストの脳は、視覚世界の処理、つまり脳が情報を理解する方法によって、異なる働きをすることが確認されたようだ。 Eksperymenty przeprowadzone przez Rebeccę zdają się potwierdzać, że mózgi artystów działają inaczej ze względu na ich sposób przetwarzania świata wizualnego - sposób, w jaki ich mózgi nadają sens informacjom.

Interestingly, processing also means the act of developing pictures from photographic film. Curieusement||également|signifie||acte||développer|photos||photographique|pellicule photographique Curiously||||||||photographic images||photo-sensitive film| interessantemente||||||||||| Il est intéressant de noter que le terme "traitement" désigne également l'action de développer des images à partir d'un film photographique. Co ciekawe, przetwarzanie oznacza również czynność wywoływania zdjęć z kliszy fotograficznej.

Neil:

When they draw, artists make bigger, quicker eye movements so they are able to see the whole picture, something also known as the gist – the overall, general impression of something without focussing on the details. ||zeichnen|||||||||||||||||||||Wesentliche||||||||||| During the time||||||more rapid||||||||||entire image|entire scene||||||||||general sense||||paying attention to|||specific elements ||||||plus rapides||||||capables de||||ensemble|image globale|||connu sous le nom|||essentiel||global|général|impression générale||||se concentrer sur|||détails |||||||||||||||||||||||esencia||||||||||| Lorsqu'ils dessinent, les artistes font des mouvements oculaires plus amples et plus rapides afin de pouvoir voir l'image dans son ensemble, ce que l'on appelle aussi l'essentiel, c'est-à-dire l'impression générale d'une chose sans se concentrer sur les détails. 絵を描くとき、アーティストはより大きく、より素早く目を動かすので、絵の全体像を見ることができる。 Podczas rysowania artyści wykonują większe, szybsze ruchy gałek ocznych, dzięki czemu są w stanie zobaczyć cały obraz, coś znanego również jako sedno - ogólne wrażenie czegoś bez skupiania się na szczegółach.

If you ‘get the gist' of what someone is saying, you understand the overall meaning of what they say, but not the details. ||||essentiel|||||comprendre l'essentiel|||||sens général|||||||| ||||Main idea|||||||||general main idea||||||||| ||||Inhalt|||||||||gesamt||||||||| Jeśli "łapiesz sedno" tego, co ktoś mówi, rozumiesz ogólny sens tego, co mówi, ale nie szczegóły.

Sam:

The second expert to answer our question about the artistic brain is Mike, a BBC World Service listener from Malawi. ||||répondre à|notre|question||||||Mike|||||auditeur||Malawi |||||||||||||||||radio audience member||African country

Mike is a self-taught painter who creates large, colourful pictures in his studio. ||||autodidacte|peintre autodidacte||crée|grandes|colorées||||atelier |||||artist||||||||art workspace |||próprio||||||||||

According to him, artistic ability isn't something you're born with - it can be learned, as he explained to BBC World Service's, CrowdScience. |||||n'est pas|||né|||||appris|||expliqué||||du service de| laut||||||||||||||||||||| As per||||||||inherently possess||||||||||||| 彼によれば、芸術的能力は生まれつきのものではなく、BBCワールドサービスの『CrowdScience』で彼が説明したように、学ぶことができるのだという。 Secondo lui, l'abilità artistica non è qualcosa con cui si nasce, ma può essere appresa, come ha spiegato a CrowdScience della BBC World Service. Według niego zdolności artystyczne nie są czymś, z czym się rodzisz - można się ich nauczyć, jak wyjaśnił w CrowdScience BBC World Service.

Arts teacher Mike: Professeur d'arts Mike:|Professeur d'arts Mike|

I had this other student… he was really at the zero, like, he could not draw – at all. |avais||||||vraiment|||zéro absolu||||||| ||||classmate||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||zeichnen|| J'avais un autre élève... il était vraiment au point zéro, il ne savait pas dessiner - pas du tout. Miałem innego ucznia... był naprawdę na poziomie zerowym, nie potrafił rysować - w ogóle.

So, I gave him some tips, and in a month, he was really good – he was like really surprised, blown away, he never expected it. ||donné|||conseils||||un mois|||||||||étonné|époustouflé|étonné|||attendu| |||||helpful advice||||||||||||||Amazed||||| |||||||||||||||||||umgehauen||||| |||||||||||||||||||surpreendido||||| Je lui ai donc donné quelques conseils et, au bout d'un mois, il était vraiment bon - il était vraiment surpris, époustouflé, il ne s'y attendait pas. Dałem mu więc kilka wskazówek i w ciągu miesiąca był naprawdę dobry - był naprawdę zaskoczony, zdmuchnięty, nigdy się tego nie spodziewał.

So, there are some things that are trainable, it's like a bike. |||||||entraînable||||vélo |||||||able to learn||||easy to learn Il y a donc des choses que l'on peut apprendre, c'est comme un vélo. だから、トレーニング可能なものもある。

In my case, I learned how to do those things without anyone telling me, you know like, if you are drawing the face, the human face, the distance between your eyes is the same as one of your eyes. ||Dans mon cas||||||||||me le dire||||||||||visage humain|||||distance entre yeux|entre|||||||||| Regarding|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Dans mon cas, j'ai appris à faire ces choses sans que personne ne me le dise, vous savez, si vous dessinez le visage, le visage humain, la distance entre vos yeux est la même que celle de l'un de vos yeux. 私の場合、誰に言われなくても、例えば、顔を描くとしたら、目と目の間の距離は片目と同じである、というようなことを学んだ。 Nel mio caso, ho imparato a fare queste cose senza che nessuno me lo dicesse, ad esempio, se state disegnando il volto, il volto umano, la distanza tra gli occhi è la stessa di uno dei vostri occhi. W moim przypadku nauczyłem się robić te rzeczy bez niczyjej wiedzy, wiesz, jeśli rysujesz twarz, ludzką twarz, odległość między twoimi oczami jest taka sama jak jednego z twoich oczu.

Neil:

Mike gives tips to his students – helpful pieces of advice about how to do something, in this case, to paint. |donne|conseils|||étudiants|utile|conseils utiles||conseils utiles|||||||||| |||||art class attendees|useful|helpful advice||Helpful tips|||||||||| |||||||||Ratschläge|||||||||| Mike daje wskazówki swoim uczniom - pomocne rady, jak coś zrobić, w tym przypadku malować.

After getting Mike's tips, one of his students really improved and started painting much better. Après avoir reçu||de Mike|conseils||||||s'est amélioré||commencé à|peindre||beaucoup mieux ||Mike's advice|||||||showed significant progress||||| |||||||||verbessert||||| ||do Mike||||||||||a pintar|| Après avoir reçu les conseils de Mike, l'un de ses élèves s'est vraiment amélioré et a commencé à peindre beaucoup mieux. マイクのアドバイスを受けてから、彼の生徒の一人は本当に上達し、絵が格段にうまくなった。 Po otrzymaniu wskazówek od Mike'a, jeden z jego uczniów naprawdę się poprawił i zaczął malować znacznie lepiej.

Mike was blown away – an informal way to say very impressed or surprised. |||||informel|||||impressionné|| ||||||||||Amazed|| ||||||||||impressionado|| Mike a été époustouflé - une façon informelle de dire qu'il a été très impressionné ou surpris. Mike był zdmuchnięty - nieformalny sposób na powiedzenie, że był pod wrażeniem lub zaskoczony.

Sam:

Like learning to ride a bike, Mike thinks that painting is trainable – a word from American English meaning that it can be taught or trained. |||faire du vélo||||pense que||||||apprenable||américain|||||||||entraîné |||operate a bicycle||||||||||||able to learn|||||||||able to learn |||||||||||trainierbar||||||||||||| |||andar|||||||||||||||||||||ensinável 自転車の乗り方を学ぶように、絵画はトレーニング可能だとマイクは考えている。 Podobnie jak w przypadku nauki jazdy na rowerze, Mike uważa, że malarstwo można trenować - słowo to pochodzi z amerykańskiego angielskiego i oznacza, że można się go nauczyć lub wytrenować.

For him, this is proof that artists' brains are not so different after all. ||||preuve||||||||| Dla niego jest to dowód na to, że mózgi artystów wcale nie są tak różne.

Neil:

So, there we have it – two different options, but no final answer to our question. ||||||||||définitive|||| Mamy więc dwie różne opcje, ale brak ostatecznej odpowiedzi na nasze pytanie.

Still, some scientists think there may be third possibility: everyone's brain works by focussing on some areas and ignoring others, making a kind of jigsaw puzzle with missing pieces. ||scientifiques|||||troisième|troisième possibilité|le cerveau de chacun||fonctionne|||||zones||ignorant||||||puzzle incomplet|puzzle incomplet||pièces manquantes| ||||||||third option|||||concentrating on|||specific regions||disregarding||||||Incomplete puzzle|||absent parts| ||||||||||||||||||||||Art||Puzzlestück|||| |||||||||de todos||||||||||||||||||| Cependant, certains scientifiques pensent qu'il existe une troisième possibilité : le cerveau de chacun fonctionne en se concentrant sur certaines zones et en en ignorant d'autres, formant une sorte de puzzle avec des pièces manquantes. Niektórzy naukowcy uważają jednak, że może istnieć trzecia możliwość: mózg każdego z nas pracuje, koncentrując się na niektórych obszarach i ignorując inne, tworząc rodzaj układanki z brakującymi elementami. Тем не менее, некоторые ученые считают, что возможен и третий вариант: мозг каждого человека работает, концентрируясь на одних областях и игнорируя другие, образуя своего рода паззл с недостающими кусочками.

Maybe all of us – you, me, Mozart and Jimi Hendrix - are just filling in the missing pieces our own way. Peut-être||||||||||||comblons||||||propre| Possibly||||||||||||completing||||||| Peut-être que nous tous - vous, moi, Mozart et Jimi Hendrix - ne faisons que combler les lacunes à notre manière. もしかしたら、私たちみんな--あなたも、私も、モーツァルトも、ジミ・ヘンドリックスも--足りないピースを自分なりに埋めているだけなのかもしれない。 Forse tutti noi - tu, io, Mozart e Jimi Hendrix - stiamo solo riempiendo i pezzi mancanti a modo nostro. Być może my wszyscy - ty, ja, Mozart i Jimi Hendrix - po prostu uzupełniamy brakujące elementy na swój własny sposób. Может быть, все мы - вы, я, Моцарт и Джими Хендрикс - просто по-своему заполняем недостающие фрагменты.

Sam:

Speaking of Mozart, Neil, it's time to reveal the answer to your question.

Neil: ニール

Right. I asked how old child prodigy Mozart was when he first composed music. |||||genie|||||||

Sam:

I said he was five years old… so, was I right? 私は彼が5歳だと言った。

Neil:

Your answer was correct!

Mozart was five when first wrote music, and by the age of six he had performed in front of the Emperor of Austria – twice! |||||écrivit|||||âge de||six ans|||joué||devant|||empereur d'Autriche||Autriche|deux fois |||||composed his first||||||||||played music|||||Austrian ruler||Austrian Empire|two times ||||||||||||||||||||Kaiser||| Mozart miał pięć lat, gdy po raz pierwszy napisał muzykę, a w wieku sześciu lat wystąpił przed cesarzem Austrii - dwukrotnie!

Now there's an artistic brain! Oto artystyczny mózg!

Sam:

OK, Neil, let's recap the vocabulary from this programme, starting with child prodigy - a young child, like Mozart, with a great talent in something. |||wiederholen|||||||||||||||||||| OK, Neil, podsumujmy słownictwo z tego programu, zaczynając od cudownego dziecka - małego dziecka, takiego jak Mozart, z wielkim talentem w czymś.

Neil:

Processing describes how your brain makes sense of the information it receives. |||||||||||reçoit |||||||||||takes in 処理とは、脳が受け取った情報をどのように理解するかということである。 Przetwarzanie opisuje, w jaki sposób mózg nadaje sens otrzymywanym informacjom.

Sam:

The gist of something is a general understanding of it, without the details. |||||||compréhension générale||||| 何かの要点とは、詳細を抜きにした一般的な理解である。 Istota czegoś to ogólne zrozumienie tego, bez szczegółów.

Neil: ニール

Tips are useful pieces of advice about how to do something better. Wskazówki to przydatne porady dotyczące tego, jak zrobić coś lepiej.

Sam:

If you are blown away, you are very impressed or surprised by something. Jeśli jesteś zdmuchnięty, jesteś pod wrażeniem lub zaskoczony czymś.

Neil:

And finally, trainable means able to be trained or taught, in American English. ||trainierbar|||||||||| そして最後に、trainableはアメリカ英語で、訓練できる、教えられるという意味である。 I wreszcie, trainable oznacza w amerykańskim angielskim możliwość szkolenia lub nauczania.

Sam: Sam Sam

Once again, our six minutes are up. It's goodbye for now!

Neil:

Goodbye!