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TED-Ed, From pacifist to spy: WWII’s surprising secret agent - Shrabani Basu

From pacifist to spy: WWII's surprising secret agent - Shrabani Basu

Noor Inayat Khan was in the midst of a desperate escape.

She had been imprisoned for her activities as an Allied spy,

but with the help of a screwdriver and two other prisoners,

she was back under the Parisian stars.

As she began to run,

her thoughts leapt to the whirlwind of events that had brought her here…

Born in Moscow in 1914 to an Indian Muslim father and an American mother,

Noor was raised in a profoundly peaceful home.

Her parents were Sufi pacifists,

who put their faith in the power of music and compassion.

They moved to Paris,

where Noor studied child psychology and published children's books.

But all this changed with the advent of the Second World War.

In May 1940, with the German army ready to occupy Paris,

Noor and her brother were faced with a difficult choice.

As pacifists, they believed that all disputes should be settled non-violently.

But witnessing the devastation across Europe,

they decided that standing on the sidelines was not an option.

Traveling to England,

Noor volunteered for the Women's Auxiliary Air Force

and trained as a radio operator.

She immersed herself in wireless operations and Morse code–

unaware that she was being monitored by a secret organization.

The British Special Operations Executive was established

to sabotage the Germans in Nazi-occupied countries.

As a trained radio operator who knew Paris well and spoke fluent French,

Noor was an attractive recruit.

In her interview, she was warned that wireless operation

was some of the most dangerous work in the intelligence field.

Operators had to lug a conspicuous transmitter through enemy territory,

and the clandestine agency couldn't protect her if she was caught.

Noor accepted her assignment immediately.

While she was determined to take her pacifist principles as far as possible,

Noor had to learn the art of espionage.

She learned how to contact intelligence networks, pick a lock,

resist interrogation and fire a gun.

In June 1943 she landed in Angers, south of Paris,

and made her way to the city armed with a false passport,

a pistol and a few French francs.

But her network was compromised.

Within a week of her deployment,

all her fellow agents were arrested, and Noor was called home.

She convinced her supervisors to let her stay–

which meant doing the work of six radio operators singlehandedly.

Over the following months,

she tracked and transported supplies to the French resistance,

sent reports of Nazi activity back to London

and arranged safe passage for allied soldiers.

This work was essential to building the French resistance

and Allied intelligence networks–

and, ultimately, ending the war.

Protected only by her quick thinking and charisma,

she frequently talked her way out of questioning.

When the Gestapo searched her on the train,

she gave them a casual tour of her “film projector.”

When an officer spotted her hanging her aerial,

she chatted about her passion for listening to music on the radio–

and charmed him into helping her set up the cable.

In her entire four month tenure,

her sharp wits and stealth never failed her.

But her charm had inspired lethal jealousy.

In October 1943, the sister of a colleague,

in love with an agent that loved Noor,

sold her address to the Gestapo.

Noor refused to give away any information,

focusing instead on her escape.

Secreting a screwdriver away from the guards,

they were able to loosen a skylight and slip out into the night.

But just as the prisoners began to run for their lives,

an air raid siren alerted her captors.

Noor was caught once again and sent to a German prison.

Then, on to Dachau concentration camp.

Despite being tortured, deprived and isolated,

Noor gave nothing away.

In the moments before her execution

she is thought to have shouted “Liberté!”

Since her heroic sacrifice,

Noor has been honoured as a hero who waged secret battles behind enemy lines–

paving the way for freedom without ever taking a life.

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From pacifist to spy: WWII’s surprising secret agent - Shrabani Basu |和平主义者|||||||| Vom Pazifisten zum Spion: Der überraschende Geheimagent des Zweiten Weltkriegs - Shrabani Basu De pacifista a espía: el sorprendente agente secreto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial - Shrabani Basu Du pacifiste à l'espion : le surprenant agent secret de la Seconde Guerre mondiale - Shrabani Basu Da pacifista a spia: il sorprendente agente segreto della Seconda Guerra Mondiale - Shrabani Basu 平和主義者からスパイへ：第二次世界大戦の驚くべき秘密工作員 - シュラバニ・バス 평화주의자에서 스파이로: 제2차 세계대전의 놀라운 비밀 요원 - 슈라바니 바수 Od pacyfisty do szpiega: zaskakujący tajny agent II wojny światowej - Shrabani Basu De pacifista a espião: o surpreendente agente secreto da Segunda Guerra Mundial - Shrabani Basu От пацифиста до шпиона: удивительный секретный агент Второй мировой войны - Шрабани Басу Pasifistlikten casusluğa: İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın şaşırtıcı gizli ajanı - Shrabani Basu Від пацифіста до шпигуна: дивовижний секретний агент Другої світової війни - Шрабані Басу 从和平主义者到间谍：二战中令人惊讶的特工 - Shrabani Basu 從和平主義者到間諜：二戰中令人驚訝的特務 - Shrabani Basu

Noor Inayat Khan was in the midst of a desperate escape. ||Khan|||||||| Noor Inayat Khan byl uprostřed zoufalého útěku. Нур Інайят Хан був у розпалі відчайдушної втечі.

She had been imprisoned for her activities as an Allied spy, |||||||||盟军| |||inhaftiert||||||Alliierte(r)|

but with the help of a screwdriver and two other prisoners, ||||||螺丝刀|||| але за допомогою викрутки та двох інших в'язнів,

she was back under the Parisian stars. |||||巴黎的| вона знову опинилася під паризькими зірками.

As she began to run,

her thoughts leapt to the whirlwind of events that had brought her here… ||跳跃|||||||||| ||sprangen|||Wirbelsturm der Ereignisse||||||| її думки стрибнули у вир подій, які привели її сюди...

Born in Moscow in 1914 to an Indian Muslim father and an American mother,

Noor was raised in a profoundly peaceful home. |||||mycket|| Нур виросла в дуже мирному домі.

Her parents were Sufi pacifists, ||||和平主义者 |||Sufi| |||Sufi| |||Sufi|pacifister

who put their faith in the power of music and compassion. ||||||||||同情 кто верил в силу музыки и сострадания.

They moved to Paris, Они переехали в Париж,

where Noor studied child psychology and published children's books. где Нур изучала детскую психологию и издавала детские книги.

But all this changed with the advent of the Second World War. ||||||到来||||| ||||||ankomsten|||||

In May 1940, with the German army ready to occupy Paris,

Noor and her brother were faced with a difficult choice.

As pacifists, they believed that all disputes should be settled non-violently. ||||||争端||||| ||||||Streitigkeiten||||| |平和主義者として||||||||||

But witnessing the devastation across Europe, |||毁灭|| |||Aber die Verwüstung in ganz Europa zu sehen,|| |||壊滅状態|| |||förödelsen||

they decided that standing on the sidelines was not an option. ||||||边缘||||

Traveling to England,

Noor volunteered for the Women's Auxiliary Air Force |||||Hilfseinheit|| Нур пішла добровольцем у Жіночі допоміжні повітряні сили

and trained as a radio operator. |||||操作员

She immersed herself in wireless operations and Morse code– |||||||Morse| Вона занурилася в бездротові операції та азбуку Морзе…

unaware that she was being monitored by a secret organization. не знаючи, що за нею стежить таємна організація.

The British Special Operations Executive was established

to sabotage the Germans in Nazi-occupied countries. ||||||besetzten|

As a trained radio operator who knew Paris well and spoke fluent French,

Noor was an attractive recruit. ||||Noor war eine attraktive Rekrutin.

In her interview, she was warned that wireless operation

was some of the most dangerous work in the intelligence field.

Operators had to lug a conspicuous transmitter through enemy territory, |||搬运|||||| |||schleppen||auffälligen|||| |||lug||conspicuous|||| |||släpa||iögonfallande|||| Die Bediener mussten einen auffälligen Sender durch feindliches Gebiet schleppen, Операторам довелося тягнути помітний передавач через ворожу територію,

and the clandestine agency couldn't protect her if she was caught. ||秘密的|||||||| ||geheim|||||||| ||hemliga|||||||| і таємне агентство не могло захистити її, якщо її спіймали.

Noor accepted her assignment immediately. |||任务|

While she was determined to take her pacifist principles as far as possible,

Noor had to learn the art of espionage. |||||||间谍活动

She learned how to contact intelligence networks, pick a lock, Вона навчилася зв'язуватися з розвідувальними мережами, зламувати замок,

resist interrogation and fire a gun. |Verhör|||| |förhör||||

In June 1943 she landed in Angers, south of Paris,

and made her way to the city armed with a false passport,

a pistol and a few French francs. |手枪|||||法郎

But her network was compromised. ||||被泄露 However|||| ||||侵害された

Within a week of her deployment, |||||utplacering

all her fellow agents were arrested, and Noor was called home.

She convinced her supervisors to let her stay– |||主管||||

which meant doing the work of six radio operators singlehandedly. |||||||||独自一人 wat betekende dat ze het werk van zes radio-operators alleen moesten doen. що означало одноосібне виконання роботи шести радистів.

Over the following months,

she tracked and transported supplies to the French resistance, ||||||||motståndet

sent reports of Nazi activity back to London

and arranged safe passage for allied soldiers. і організував безпечний прохід для солдатів союзників.

This work was essential to building the French resistance

and Allied intelligence networks–

and, ultimately, ending the war.

Protected only by her quick thinking and charisma, |||||||魅力

she frequently talked her way out of questioning.

When the Gestapo searched her on the train,

she gave them a casual tour of her “film projector.” |||||||||投影仪 ||||informell||||| gab sie ihnen eine beiläufige Führung durch ihren "Filmprojektor".

When an officer spotted her hanging her aerial, |||||||aerial |||||||tvättlinor Коли офіцер помітив, що вона повісила свою антену,

she chatted about her passion for listening to music on the radio– вона розповідала про свою пристрасть слухати музику по радіо–

and charmed him into helping her set up the cable. |迷住||||||||

In her entire four month tenure, |||||任期 |||||Amtszeit |||||tenure |||||在職期間 |||||tid Протягом усього свого чотиримісячного терміну перебування на посаді,

her sharp wits and stealth never failed her. ||||隐秘||| ||scharfer Verstand||Gerissenheit||| її гострий розум і скритність ніколи її не підводили.

But her charm had inspired lethal jealousy. |||||致命的| ||||inspiriert|tödliche|Eifersucht ||||||svartsjuka

In October 1943, the sister of a colleague, В октябре 1943 года сестра коллеги,

in love with an agent that loved Noor, влюбленная в агента, который любил Нур,

sold her address to the Gestapo. продала ее адрес гестапо.

Noor refused to give away any information, |weigerte sich|||||

focusing instead on her escape.

Secreting a screwdriver away from the guards, Tajemství šroubováku pryč od stráží, Сховавши викрутку від охоронців,

they were able to loosen a skylight and slip out into the night. ||||||天窗|||||| ||||||||hinausschlüpfen|||| dokázali uvolnit světlík a vyklouznout ven do noci. вони змогли послабити світлове вікно та вислизнути в ніч.

But just as the prisoners began to run for their lives, Ale jak vězni začali běžet o život,

an air raid siren alerted her captors. |||警报|||捕获者 ||||||Entführer ||||||fångar siréna zaútočila na její zajatce. сирена воздушной тревоги предупредила ее пленителей.

Noor was caught once again and sent to a German prison. Noor byl znovu chycen a poslán do německého vězení. Нур снова была поймана и отправлена в немецкую тюрьму.

Then, on to Dachau concentration camp. |||达豪|| Pak do koncentračního tábora Dachau. Затем - в концлагерь Дахау.

Despite being tortured, deprived and isolated, ||折磨||| |||beraubt|| |||berövad|| Přestože byl mučen, zbaven a izolován, Незважаючи на тортури, позбавлення та ізоляцію,

Noor gave nothing away. Noor nic nedal pryč.

In the moments before her execution Ve chvílích před její popravou

she is thought to have shouted “Liberté!” ||||||自由 ||||||自由 ей предположительно кричала "Свобода!"

Since her heroic sacrifice, Od její hrdinské oběti С тех пор как она совершила героическую жертву,

Noor has been honoured as a hero who waged secret battles behind enemy lines– |||荣誉|||||||||| |||geehrt|||||geführt||||| ||||||||förde||||| Нур была почитаема как героиня, ведущая секретные бои за вражеской линии – Нура вшановують як героя, який вів таємні битви в тилу ворога –

paving the way for freedom without ever taking a life. Bodenbelag||||||||| 道を切り開く||||||||| vydláždit cestu ke svobodě, aniž by si kdy vzali život. подготовка почвы для свободы, не отнимая жизнь.