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TED-Ed, What causes heartburn? - Rusha Modi

What causes heartburn? - Rusha Modi

Just between your chest and abdomen

is where you'll find one of the most important muscles

you probably didn't know you had:

the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES.

When functioning properly,

this ring of tissue plays a crucial role in helping us eat.

But when the LES malfunctions,

it becomes the main player in heartburn

--a searing, sometimes sour-tasting chest-spasm

that many people will experience at some point in their lives.

We know that humans have been battling heartburn

for hundreds, if not thousands of years.

But recently the incidence has risen,

making it a common stomach complaint worldwide.

When the symptoms of heartburn become more more regular and intense

—such as twice a week or more--

it's diagnosed as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or GERD.

But what causes this problem,

and how can it be stopped?

Heartburn starts in an area called

the gastroesophageal junction, where the LES resides.

This smooth, muscular ring of the LES

is moderated by an intricate tree of nerve roots

that connect to the brain, the heart, and the lungs.

After food enters the stomach from the esophagus,

the muscle's task is to stop it

from surging back up again.

The LES contracts, squeezing the stomach entrance

and creating a high pressure zone

that prevents digestive acids from seeping out.

But if the LES relaxes at the wrong moment or gradually weakens,

it becomes like a faulty, ill-fitting lid,

causing the area to depressurize.

That allows burning stomach acid--

and even chunks of food--to spurt into the

esophagus, sometimes going as far up as the mouth.

The cause of all this internal drama

has long been put down to diet.

Foods like caffeine and peppermint contain

ingredients that may have a relaxing affect on the LES,

which makes it incapable of doing its job.

Other acidic foods, like citrus and tomatoes,

can worsen irritation of the esophagus

when they leach out with stomach acid.

Carbonated beverages can similarly

bubble up in the stomach,

forcing open the valve.

But researchers have discovered that food isn't the only trigger.

Smoking poses a risk, because the nicotine in cigarettes relaxes the LES.

Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol

may have a similar effect.

Pregnant women often experience more heartburn

due to the pressure of a growing baby on their stomachs.

and the levels of certain hormones in their bodies.

Obesity can cause hernias that disrupt

the anti-reflux barrier of the gastroesophageal junction

that normally protects against heartburn.

Numerous medications, including those for asthma,

high blood pressure, birth control, and depression

can also have unintended effects on the LES.

An occasional bout of heartburn isn't

necessarily something to worry about.

But, if heartburn starts happening regularly,

it can weaken the LES muscle over time,

letting more and more acid escape.

And if it goes untreated,

this can cause bigger problems.

Over time, constant acid leakage from heartburn

may form scar tissue which narrows the

esophageal tube, making it harder to swallow food.

Ongoing reflux can also damage the cells

lining the esophagus--a rare condition called

Barrett's esophagus, which can elevate

the risk of esophageal cancer.

Luckily, heartburn is often treatable with

a range of medicines that can help

neutralize or reduce stomach acid.

In extreme cases, some people have surgery

to tighten the LES to minimize their distress.

But we can often stop heartburn

before it reaches that point.

Reducing the consumption of certain foods,

not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight

can all dramatically reduce reflux.

With proper care we can help our LES's keep

the chemical fountain of our stomachs in proper order

and avoid having to feel the burn.

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What causes heartburn? - Rusha Modi ||胃灼热|| ||Sodbrennen|Rusha Modi|Rusha Modi ||Acid reflux sensation|Rusha Modi| Was verursacht Sodbrennen? - Rusha Modi Τι προκαλεί καούρα; - Rusha Modi ¿Qué causa la acidez estomacal? - Rusha Modi Quali sono le cause del bruciore di stomaco? - Rusha Modi 속쓰림의 원인은 무엇인가요? - Rusha Modi Kas sukelia rėmenį? - Rusha Modi O que causa a azia? - Rusha Modi Что вызывает изжогу? - Руша Моди Mide yanmasına ne sebep olur? - Rusha Modi Що викликає печію? - Руша Моді 什么原因导致胃灼热? - Rusha Modi 胃灼熱是什麼原因引起的? ——魯莎·莫迪

Just between your chest and abdomen |||胸部||腹部 |||||Brust und Bauch |||||abdomen |||||شکم Mesmo entre o peito e o abdómen Sadece göğsünüz ve karnınız arasında Тільки між грудьми і животом

is where you'll find one of the most important muscles |||||||||肌肉 é onde se encontra um dos músculos mais importantes en önemli kaslardan birini bulacağınız yerdir

you probably didn't know you had: |可能|||| que provavelmente não sabia que tinha: Muhtemelen sahip olduğunuzu bilmiyordunuz:

the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES. ||食管的|括约肌||下食道括约 ||ösophageal|unterer Ösophagussphinkter|| |lower|related to esophagus|muscular ring||lower esophageal sphincter o esfíncter esofágico inferior, ou LES. alt özofagus sfinkteri ya da LES. нижній стравохідний сфінктер, або LES.

When functioning properly, |正常运作|正常运作时 Quando funciona corretamente, Düzgün çalıştığında,

this ring of tissue plays a crucial role in helping us eat. |||||||||帮助|| Bu doku halkası yemek yememize yardımcı olmada çok önemli bir rol oynar. це кільце тканини відіграє вирішальну роль, допомагаючи нам харчуватися.

But when the LES malfunctions, ||||故障 ||||Aber wenn das LES versagt, ||||故障 Mas quando o LES não funciona corretamente, Ama LES arızalandığında, Але коли LES виходить з ладу,

it becomes the main player in heartburn |成为||主要角色||| mide ekşimesinde ana oyuncu haline gelir

--a searing, sometimes sour-tasting chest-spasm |剧烈的|||||痉挛 |brennend||sauer|||Brustkrampf |intense||sharp|tasting||spasm |焼けるような|||味がする|| |ardiente||||| -- yakıcı, bazen ekşi tatta bir göğüs spazmı пекучий, іноді кислий спазм у грудях

that many people will experience at some point in their lives. ||||经历|||某个时刻||| que muitas pessoas experimentarão em algum momento das suas vidas. birçok insanın hayatının bir noktasında yaşayacağı bir şeydir.

We know that humans have been battling heartburn |||人类|||对抗|胃灼热 |||||||胸焼け Sabemos que os seres humanos têm lutado contra a azia İnsanların mide ekşimesi ile mücadele ettiğini biliyoruz

for hundreds, if not thousands of years. |数百|||数千|| yüzlerce, hatta binlerce yıldır.

But recently the incidence has risen, |最近||发生率||上升 |||Aber kürzlich ist die Häufigkeit gestiegen.||gestiegen ist Ancak son zamanlarda görülme sıklığı artmıştır,

making it a common stomach complaint worldwide. |||常见的|胃部|疾病|全球范围内 |||||häufige Magenbeschwerde| o que faz com que seja um problema de estômago comum em todo o mundo. Bu da onu dünya çapında yaygın bir mide şikayeti haline getirmektedir.

When the symptoms of heartburn become more more regular and intense ||症状||胃灼热|||||| Mide ekşimesi belirtileri daha düzenli ve yoğun hale geldiğinde

—such as twice a week or more-- -haftada iki kez veya daha fazla gibi--

it's diagnosed as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or GERD. |诊断为||胃食管|反流|疾病||胃食管反流 |||gastroösophageal|Reflux|||GERD |||Stomach and esophagus|Acid backflow|||Acid reflux disease Gastroözofageal Reflü Hastalığı veya GÖRH olarak teşhis edilir. це діагностовано як гастроезофагеальна рефлюксна хвороба або ГЕРХ.

But what causes this problem, ||导致||问题 Ama bu soruna ne sebep oluyor?

and how can it be stopped? ve nasıl durdurulabilir?

Heartburn starts in an area called ||||区域| Mide yanması şu bölgede başlar

the gastroesophageal junction, where the LES resides. |胃食管|交界处|在这里|||位于 ||||||sich befindet ||Connection point||||is located LES'in bulunduğu gastroözofageal kavşak. шлунково-стравохідний перехід, де знаходиться LES.

This smooth, muscular ring of the LES |光滑的|肌肉的|环||| LES'in bu pürüzsüz, kaslı halkası

is moderated by an intricate tree of nerve roots |被调节||||||神经|神经根 |wird moderiert von|||verzweigtes|||| |regulated|||complex|||| sinir köklerinden oluşan karmaşık bir ağaç tarafından yönetilir модерується складним деревом нервових корінців

that connect to the brain, the heart, and the lungs. |连接||||||||肺 Beyne, kalbe ve akciğerlere bağlanır.

After food enters the stomach from the esophagus, ||进入||胃|||食管 |||||||food pipe Yiyecekler yemek borusundan mideye girdikten sonra,

the muscle's task is to stop it |肌肉的||||| Kasın görevi onu durdurmaktır.

from surging back up again. |猛增||| |rising again||| tekrar yükselmesini engelliyor. від підйому знову.

The LES contracts, squeezing the stomach entrance ||括约肌|挤压||胃部|入口 LES kasılarak mide girişini sıkıştırır LES скорочується, здавлюючи вхід у шлунок

and creating a high pressure zone |创造|||| ve bir yüksek basınç bölgesi oluşturarak

that prevents digestive acids from seeping out. |防止|消化的|酸||渗出| |||||seeping| Sindirim asitlerinin dışarı sızmasını önler. що перешкоджає витоку травної кислоти.

But if the LES relaxes at the wrong moment or gradually weakens, ||||放松||||时刻||| Ancak LES yanlış zamanda gevşerse veya yavaş yavaş zayıflarsa, Але якщо LES розслаблюється в невідповідний момент або поступово слабшає,

it becomes like a faulty, ill-fitting lid, |变得|||||| |||||||poorly fitting cover torna-se como uma tampa defeituosa e mal ajustada, hatalı, kötü oturan bir kapak gibi olur, він стає схожим на несправну, погано підігнану кришку,

causing the area to depressurize. 使||区域||减压 ||||Release pressure in alanın basıncının düşmesine neden olur. викликаючи розгерметизацію зони.

That allows burning stomach acid-- |允许|燃烧的|胃酸|胃酸 Isso permite queimar o ácido do estômago. Bu da mide asidinin yanmasını sağlar--

and even chunks of food--to spurt into the |甚至|块||||喷出|| ||||||spritzen|| ||||||burst out suddenly|| e até pedaços de comida - para jorrar no ve hatta yiyecek parçalarının і навіть шматки їжі - щоб кинути в

esophagus, sometimes going as far up as the mouth. 食管|有时|||||||口腔 esófago, chegando por vezes até à boca. yemek borusu, bazen ağza kadar gider.

The cause of all this internal drama |原因||||内部|戏剧 Tüm bu iç dramın nedeni

has long been put down to diet. ||||||饮食 há muito que é atribuída à dieta. uzun zamandır diyete bağlanıyor.

Foods like caffeine and peppermint contain 食物||咖啡因||薄荷|含有 ||||peppermint| Alimentos como a cafeína e a hortelã-pimenta contêm Kafein ve nane gibi gıdalar şunları içerir Такі продукти, як кофеїн і перцева м’ята, містять

ingredients that may have a relaxing affect on the LES, 成分||||||影响||| LES üzerinde rahatlatıcı bir etkiye sahip olabilecek bileşenler,

which makes it incapable of doing its job. |||无法|||| Bu da onu işini yapamaz hale getiriyor.

Other acidic foods, like citrus and tomatoes, |酸性|食物||柑橘类||番茄 ||||citrus fruits|| Turunçgiller ve domates gibi diğer asitli yiyecekler, Інші кислі продукти, такі як цитрусові та помідори,

can worsen irritation of the esophagus |加重|食道刺激|||食道 yemek borusu tahrişini kötüleştirebilir може посилити подразнення стравоходу

when they leach out with stomach acid. ||浸出|||| ||auslaugen|||| ||leach|||| quando se desprendem com o ácido do estômago. Mide asidiyle dışarı sızdıklarında.

Carbonated beverages can similarly 碳酸饮料|饮料||类似地 carbonated|饮料|| As bebidas gaseificadas podem igualmente Gazlı içecekler de benzer şekilde Газовані напої можуть аналогічно

bubble up in the stomach, borbulhar no estômago, midede kabarcıklar, пузир у животі,

forcing open the valve. |||control mechanism opening vanayı açmaya zorlamak.

But researchers have discovered that food isn't the only trigger. |研究人员|||||||| Mas os investigadores descobriram que a comida não é o único fator desencadeante. Ancak araştırmacılar tek tetikleyicinin gıda olmadığını keşfettiler.

Smoking poses a risk, because the nicotine in cigarettes relaxes the LES. Sigara içmek risk oluşturur, çünkü sigaradaki nikotin LES'i gevşetir. Куріння становить ризик, оскільки нікотин у сигаретах послаблює LES.

Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol Aşırı miktarda alkol tüketmek Вживання надмірної кількості алкоголю

may have a similar effect. benzer bir etkiye sahip olabilir.

Pregnant women often experience more heartburn Hamile kadınlar genellikle daha fazla mide ekşimesi yaşar

due to the pressure of a growing baby on their stomachs. büyüyen bir bebeğin midelerine yaptığı baskı nedeniyle.

and the levels of certain hormones in their bodies. ve vücutlarındaki belirli hormonların seviyeleri.

Obesity can cause hernias that disrupt |||Hernien|| |||abdominal protrusions||interrupts A obesidade pode causar hérnias que perturbam Obezite fıtıklara neden olabilir Ожиріння може стати причиною грижі, яка порушує

the anti-reflux barrier of the gastroesophageal junction gastroözofageal kavşağın anti-reflü bariyeri антирефлюксний бар'єр гастроезофагеального переходу

that normally protects against heartburn. que normalmente protege contra a azia. normalde mide ekşimesine karşı korur.

Numerous medications, including those for asthma, |||||asthma medications Numerosos medicamentos, incluindo os destinados à asma, Astım için olanlar da dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda ilaç,

high blood pressure, birth control, and depression tensão arterial elevada, controlo de natalidade e depressão yüksek tansiyon, doğum kontrolü ve depresyon

can also have unintended effects on the LES. também podem ter efeitos indesejáveis no LES. LES üzerinde istenmeyen etkilere de yol açabilir. також може мати небажаний вплив на LES.

An occasional bout of heartburn isn't ||Anfall||| ||episode||| Ara sıra yaşanan mide ekşimesi Часовий напад печії – це не так

necessarily something to worry about. necessariamente algo com que se preocupar. endişelenecek bir şey değil.

But, if heartburn starts happening regularly, Ancak, mide ekşimesi düzenli olarak gerçekleşmeye başlarsa,

it can weaken the LES muscle over time, zaman içinde LES kasını zayıflatabilir,

letting more and more acid escape. daha fazla asidin kaçmasına izin veriyor.

And if it goes untreated, І якщо його не лікувати,

this can cause bigger problems.

Over time, constant acid leakage from heartburn

may form scar tissue which narrows the може утворювати рубцеву тканину, яка звужує

esophageal tube, making it harder to swallow food. стравохідної трубки, що ускладнює ковтання їжі.

Ongoing reflux can also damage the cells O refluxo contínuo pode também danificar as células

lining the esophagus--a rare condition called

Barrett's esophagus, which can elevate ||||elevate Стравохід Барретта, який може підніматися

the risk of esophageal cancer.

Luckily, heartburn is often treatable with На щастя, печію часто можна вилікувати

a range of medicines that can help

neutralize or reduce stomach acid.

In extreme cases, some people have surgery

to tighten the LES to minimize their distress. затягнути LES, щоб мінімізувати їхні страждання.

But we can often stop heartburn

before it reaches that point.

Reducing the consumption of certain foods,

not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight

can all dramatically reduce reflux.

With proper care we can help our LES's keep |||||||unsere LES|

the chemical fountain of our stomachs in proper order ||喷泉|||||| a fonte química dos nossos estômagos na devida ordem

and avoid having to feel the burn.