Cambridge Objective Proficiency C2, Unit 3 - 3.1 - Exercise 2

Unit 3 - 3.1 - Exercise 2

Sue: Good morning. Now, the huge growth of interest in environmental issues has led to a careful re-examination of all kinds of traditional lore. With me today, I have Peter Watkins. He's written a best-selling book The History of Weather Folklore, which explains country sayings and the role of animals and birds in forecasting the weather. Sayings my granny used to come out with, like 'Birds ﬂying low, expect rain and a blow', which I've always felt rather sceptical about.

Peter: Well, Sue, the way in which animals and birds can apparently predict changes in the weather before we can has always fascinated people and, for that matter, still does. If it didn't, the sayings wouldn't still be in current use and of course, nowadays the weather is anxiously studied because of climate change.

Sue: But is there any truth in these old sayings? Given that there are so many, apparently 500 at the last count, and they've been around a while, presumably they should be fairly accurate?

Peter: Well generally, there's a better chance of their being right for short-term weather forecasting rather than long-term. Of course, the most interesting natural weather forecasters are the birds, which is why there are so many sayings relating to them. Birds depend on the right weather conditions for ﬂying and, in particular, birds that ﬂy very high. like swifts and swallows. stand very little chance of survival if they get caught in a bad storm. They are also insect feeders and when the weather is ﬁne the insects are high and the birds will follow them. Insects have good reason to dive for cover if rain is imminent as they are covered with water-repellent hairs. It actually doesn't take much for them to get completely soaked, so they respond quite rapidly if there's a drop in temperature or a rise in humidity.

Sue: Oh, so there's an element of truth in that one. Now, I used to live off the coast of Scotland and they had a saying on the islands about a bird called the red-throated diver. They used to call this bird the rain goose, and the saying went pretty much like this: ' if the rain goose ﬂies to the hill, you can put your boat where you will, but if she ﬂies to the sea, you must draw your boat and ﬂee '. I must say that I used to be rather puzzled by this saying, as l didn't understand why it would fly out to sea when the weather was getting worse. Anyway, one time when I was out in a boat the wind started to get up. We tuned into the radio and it said a gale was due from the north. We saw the geese everywhere ﬂying around and heading out to sea. Despite common sense telling you otherwise, the saying of the local people seemed to be true.

Peter: Yes, and we still don't know the reasons for its strange behaviour. But you know, not all weather lore is about misery. Some birds can predict when things are about to brighten up. Certain geese set off for their breeding grounds in Iceland when the weather is ﬁne — you just have to wait and watch and then plan your harvesting or house painting!

Sue: Not very practical! However, if there is some truth behind these weather sayings, do they ever have any practical use?

Peter: Obviously, weather lore had a very important application in the farmers world. Farming and weather are intrinsically linked and the ability to predict, or at least think you could predict, was very important to them, although of course, they weren't the only ones with a vested interest in weather forecasting. One of the things about human beings is that we do not like to feel that things are happening with no purpose whatsoever. Weather lore makes a connection between something that is happening and something that is going to happen — we need to feel we're not simply the victims of chance and circumstance. Although it's very difficult to put dates on these sayings, many of them probably go back thousands of years. Some of them work and some of them don't, and some of them don't even make sense. Many actually negate each other.

Sue: Quite. So, how reliable are sayings which predict the year ahead, if we can't even rely on ones predicting the weather the next day?

Peter: Well, I ﬁnd it very difficult to believe that you can tell the rest of the winter from the way birds are ﬂying or how your cat behaves in the autumn. By putting our own interpretations on how nature works we can get it completely wrong. For our ancestors the weather was a life and death situation — not just an inconvenience — and I think that had they had anything more reliable, they wouldn't have had to base their predictions on this kind of thing. They were really clutching at straws when they observed animal and bird behaviour and linked it to the weather, but they really had no other choice.

Sue: My thanks to Peter Watkins. Next week we'll...

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Unit 3 - 3.1 - Exercise 2 Đơn vị| Lektion 3 - 3.1 - Übung 2 Unidad 3 - 3.1 - Ejercicio 2 Unité 3 - 3.1 - Exercice 2 Unità 3 - 3.1 - Esercizio 2 ユニット 3 - 3.1 - 練習問題 2 Unidade 3 - 3.1 - Exercício 2 Раздел 3 - 3.1 - Упражнение 2 Ünite 3 - 3.1 - Alıştırma 2 第 3 单元 - 3.1 - 练习 2

Sue: Good morning. Now, the huge growth of interest in environmental issues has led to a careful re-examination of all kinds of traditional lore. |||||||||||||||||||||truyền thuy |||||||||||||||||||||Wissen ||significant|increase||interest||environmental|topics|||||||||||||knowledge Aujourd'hui, l'énorme intérêt croissant pour les questions environnementales a conduit à un réexamen minutieux de toutes sortes de traditions traditionnelles. 이제 환경 문제에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하면서 모든 종류의 전통 설화에 대한 면밀한 재검토가 이루어지고 있습니다. With me today, I have Peter Watkins. 오늘 저와 함께한 피터 왓킨스입니다. He's written a best-selling book The History of Weather Folklore, which explains country sayings and the role of animals and birds in forecasting the weather. Anh ấy||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||regional||||||||||predicting|| Sayings my granny used to come out with, like 'Birds ﬂying low, expect rain and a blow', which I've always felt rather sceptical about. proverbs||grandmother|||||||||close to ground|||||wind|||||somewhat|doubtful| Des dictons avec lesquels ma grand-mère avait l'habitude de sortir, comme "Les oiseaux volent bas, attendez-vous à de la pluie et à un coup", sur lesquels j'ai toujours été assez sceptique. 할머니가 늘 하시던 '새는 낮게 날고, 비와 바람을 기대하라'는 말은 항상 회의적으로 느껴졌어요.

Peter: Well, Sue, the way in which animals and birds can apparently predict changes in the weather before we can has always fascinated people and, for that matter, still does. |||||||||||hình như|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||vorhersagen||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||captivated||||||| 피터 수, 동물과 새가 우리보다 먼저 날씨 변화를 예측하는 방식은 항상 사람들을 매료시켜 왔고, 지금도 마찬가지입니다. If it didn't, the sayings wouldn't still be in current use and of course, nowadays the weather is anxiously studied because of climate change. ||||||||||||||in the present||||with great concern||||climate change| Si ce n'était pas le cas, les dictons ne seraient pas encore d'usage courant et bien sûr, de nos jours, la météo est étudiée avec anxiété à cause du changement climatique. 그렇지 않았다면 이 속담은 현재에도 사용되지 않았을 것이며, 물론 오늘날에는 기후 변화로 인해 날씨에 대해 열심히 연구하고 있습니다.

Sue: But is there any truth in these old sayings? 수: 하지만 이 옛 속담에 진실이 있을까요? Given that there are so many, apparently 500 at the last count, and they've been around a while, presumably they should be fairly accurate? ||||||||||count|||||||likely||||quite|reliable Étant donné qu'il y en a tellement, apparemment 500 au dernier décompte, et qu'ils existent depuis un certain temps, ils devraient probablement être assez précis? 마지막 집계에 따르면 500개에 달할 정도로 많고, 꽤 오래되었다는 점을 감안하면 꽤 정확할 것 같지 않나요?

Peter: Well generally, there's a better chance of their being right for short-term weather forecasting rather than long-term. ||usually|||||||||||||||||short-term Peter: 일반적으로 장기 일기 예보보다는 단기 일기 예보에 적합할 확률이 더 높습니다. Of course, the most interesting natural weather forecasters are the birds, which is why there are so many sayings relating to them. |||||||predictors||||||||||||about|| Bien sûr, les météorologues naturels les plus intéressants sont les oiseaux, c'est pourquoi il y a tant de dictons qui les concernent. 물론 가장 흥미로운 자연 일기 예보관은 새이기 때문에 새와 관련된 속담이 많이 있습니다. Birds depend on the right weather conditions for ﬂying and, in particular, birds that ﬂy very high. |rely on||||||||||||||| Les oiseaux dépendent des bonnes conditions météorologiques pour voler et, en particulier, des oiseaux qui volent très haut. 새는 비행에 적합한 기상 조건, 특히 매우 높이 날아다니는 새에 의존합니다. like swifts and swallows. |birds||birds comme les martinets et les hirondelles. stand very little chance of survival if they get caught in a bad storm. |||||survival||||||||tempest 폭풍우에 휩쓸리면 생존할 가능성이 거의 없습니다. They are also insect feeders and when the weather is ﬁne the insects are high and the birds will follow them. |||insects|eating insects||||||good|||||||||| Ce sont aussi des mangeurs d'insectes et quand le temps est beau, les insectes sont élevés et les oiseaux les suivront. 그들은 또한 곤충 먹이통이며 날씨가 좋으면 곤충이 많아지고 새들이 그들을 따라옵니다. Insects have good reason to dive for cover if rain is imminent as they are covered with water-repellent hairs. |||||||shelter||||about to happen|because|||coated with|||water-repellent|hairs Insekten haben gute Gründe, bei drohendem Regen in Deckung zu gehen, denn sie sind mit wasserabweisenden Haaren bedeckt. Les insectes ont de bonnes raisons de plonger pour se mettre à l'abri si la pluie est imminente car ils sont couverts de poils hydrofuges. 곤충은 발수성 털로 덮여 있기 때문에 비가 임박하면 몸을 숨기려고 잠수할 이유가 충분합니다. It actually doesn't take much for them to get completely soaked, so they respond quite rapidly if there's a drop in temperature or a rise in humidity. ||||||||||drenched|||||quickly|||||||||increase||moisture in the En fait, il ne leur faut pas grand-chose pour être complètement trempés, ils réagissent donc assez rapidement en cas de baisse de température ou d'augmentation de l'humidité. 실제로 완전히 젖는 데는 많은 시간이 걸리지 않기 때문에 온도가 떨어지거나 습도가 상승하면 매우 빠르게 반응합니다.

Sue: Oh, so there's an element of truth in that one. 수: 그 말에는 진실이 담겨 있군요. Now, I used to live off the coast of Scotland and they had a saying on the islands about a bird called the red-throated diver. |||to|||||||||||||||||||||| Maintenant, j'habitais au large des côtes écossaises et ils avaient un dicton sur les îles à propos d'un oiseau appelé le plongeur catmarin. 스코틀랜드 해안에서 살 때 섬에는 붉은 목 다이버라는 새에 대한 속담이 있었어요. They used to call this bird the rain goose, and the saying went pretty much like this: ' if the rain goose ﬂies to the hill, you can put your boat where you will, but if she ﬂies to the sea, you must draw your boat and ﬂee '. ||||||||||||||almost||||||||||hill||||||||want||||||||||pull||||escape Solían llamar a este pájaro el ganso de la lluvia, y el refrán era más o menos así: 'si el ganso de la lluvia vuela hacia la colina, puedes poner tu bote donde quieras, pero si ella vuela al mar, debes sacar tu barco y huida '. On appelait cet oiseau l'oie des pluies, et le dicton ressemblait à peu près à ceci : « si l'oie des pluies vole vers la colline, tu peux mettre ton bateau où tu veux, mais si elle vole vers la mer, tu dois tirer ton bateau et ee '. 사람들은 이 새를 기러기라고 불렀고, 속담은 다음과 같이 이어졌습니다: '기러기가 언덕으로 날아가면 배를 그 자리에 놓아도 되지만, 바다로 날아가면 배를 끌고 가야 한다'는 말이죠. I must say that I used to be rather puzzled by this saying, as l didn't understand why it would fly out to sea when the weather was getting worse. ||||||||somewhat|confused||||||||||||||||||||getting worse Je dois dire que j'étais assez intrigué par ce dicton, car je ne comprenais pas pourquoi il s'envolerait vers la mer alors que le temps se dégradait. 날씨가 점점 나빠지는데 왜 바다로 날아가는지 이해할 수 없었기 때문에 이 말을 듣고 다소 의아했던 적이 있습니다. Anyway, one time when I was out in a boat the wind started to get up. 한 번은 보트를 타고 나갔다가 바람이 거세게 불기 시작했어요. We tuned into the radio and it said a gale was due from the north. |listened||||||||strong wind||expected||| Nous avons branché la radio et elle a dit qu'un coup de vent venait du nord. 라디오를 듣는데 북쪽에서 강풍이 온다고 하더군요. We saw the geese everywhere ﬂying around and heading out to sea. |||geese|all around||||going||toward| Nous avons vu les oies partout voler et se diriger vers la mer. 사방에서 기러기들이 날아다니며 바다로 향하는 모습을 볼 수 있었습니다. Despite common sense telling you otherwise, the saying of the local people seemed to be true. In spite of||||||||||||||| Malgré le bon sens qui vous dit le contraire, le dicton de la population locale semblait être vrai. 상식적으로는 그렇지 않다고 생각하지만, 현지인들의 말은 사실인 것 같았습니다.

Peter: Yes, and we still don't know the reasons for its strange behaviour. ||||||||causes|||| But you know, not all weather lore is about misery. |||||||||suffering Mais vous savez, toutes les traditions météorologiques ne concernent pas la misère. 하지만 모든 날씨 속설이 불행에 관한 것은 아닙니다. Some birds can predict when things are about to brighten up. |||||||||get brighter| Certains oiseaux peuvent prédire quand les choses sont sur le point de s'éclaircir. 어떤 새들은 날이 밝아질 때를 예측할 수 있습니다. Certain geese set off for their breeding grounds in Iceland when the weather is ﬁne — you just have to wait and watch and then plan your harvesting or house painting! ||||||reproductive|||Iceland|||||||||||||||||harvesting||home| Certaines oies partent pour leurs aires de reproduction en Islande lorsque le temps le permet, il suffit d'attendre et de regarder puis de planifier votre récolte ou votre peinture ! 날씨가 좋을 때 아이슬란드에서 번식지로 출발하는 기러기들이 있으니 기다렸다가 지켜보고 수확이나 집 페인팅 계획을 세우기만 하면 됩니다!

Sue: Not very practical! |||useful 수: 별로 실용적이지 않아요! However, if there is some truth behind these weather sayings, do they ever have any practical use? |||||||||||||||useful application| Cependant, s'il y a du vrai derrière ces dictons météorologiques, ont-ils jamais une utilité pratique ? 하지만 이러한 날씨 속담에 진실이 있다면, 과연 실제 활용이 가능할까요?

Peter: Obviously, weather lore had a very important application in the farmers world. |||knowledge||||||||| Peter : De toute évidence, les connaissances météorologiques avaient une application très importante dans le monde des agriculteurs. 피터: 분명히 날씨에 대한 지식은 농부 세계에서 매우 중요한 응용 분야였습니다. Farming and weather are intrinsically linked and the ability to predict, or at least think you could predict, was very important to them, although of course, they weren't the only ones with a vested interest in weather forecasting. Agriculture||||essentially|||||||||at minimum||||||||||||||||||||personal|||| L'agriculture et la météo sont intrinsèquement liés et la capacité de prédire, ou du moins de penser pouvoir prédire, était très importante pour eux, même si bien sûr, ils n'étaient pas les seuls à s'intéresser aux prévisions météorologiques. 물론 일기 예보에 기득권을 가진 사람은 그들만이 아니었지만, 농업과 날씨는 본질적으로 연결되어 있으며 예측하는 능력, 적어도 예측할 수 있다고 생각하는 능력은 그들에게 매우 중요했습니다. One of the things about human beings is that we do not like to feel that things are happening with no purpose whatsoever. |||||||||||||||||||||meaning|at all L'une des choses à propos des êtres humains est que nous n'aimons pas sentir que les choses se passent sans aucun but. 인간은 어떤 일이 아무런 목적 없이 일어나고 있다고 느끼는 것을 좋아하지 않는다는 점이 특징입니다. Weather lore makes a connection between something that is happening and something that is going to happen — we need to feel we're not simply the victims of chance and circumstance. |||||||||||||||||||||||||victims||||situation La tradition météorologique établit un lien entre quelque chose qui se passe et quelque chose qui va se produire - nous devons sentir que nous ne sommes pas simplement les victimes du hasard et des circonstances. 날씨 속설은 일어나고 있는 일과 일어날 일을 연결시켜 우리가 단순히 우연과 환경의 희생자가 아니라고 느낄 필요가 있습니다. Although it's very difficult to put dates on these sayings, many of them probably go back thousands of years. ||||||dates|||||||||||| Bien qu'il soit très difficile de dater ces dictons, nombre d'entre eux remontent probablement à des milliers d'années. 이러한 속담의 연대를 가늠하기는 매우 어렵지만, 대부분은 수천 년 전으로 거슬러 올라갑니다. Some of them work and some of them don't, and some of them don't even make sense. 어떤 것은 효과가 있고 어떤 것은 효과가 없으며 어떤 것은 말이 안 되는 것도 있습니다. Many actually negate each other. ||cancel out|| 실제로 많은 사람들이 서로를 부정합니다.

Sue: Quite. 수 그렇죠. So, how reliable are sayings which predict the year ahead, if we can't even rely on ones predicting the weather the next day? ||trustworthy|||||||upcoming|||||depend|||||||| Alors, quelle est la fiabilité des dictons qui prédisent l'année à venir, si nous ne pouvons même pas nous fier à ceux qui prédisent la météo du lendemain ? 그렇다면 다음 날의 날씨를 예측하는 것도 믿을 수 없는데, 한 해를 예측하는 속담은 얼마나 믿을 수 있을까요?

Peter: Well, I ﬁnd it very difficult to believe that you can tell the rest of the winter from the way birds are ﬂying or how your cat behaves in the autumn. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||fall 피터: 새가 날아다니는 모습이나 고양이가 가을에 어떻게 행동하는지를 보고 나머지 겨울을 알 수 있다는 것은 믿기 어렵습니다. By putting our own interpretations on how nature works we can get it completely wrong. |applying||||||the natural world||||||| En mettant nos propres interprétations sur le fonctionnement de la nature, nous pouvons nous tromper complètement. 자연이 어떻게 작동하는지에 대해 우리만의 해석을 적용하면 완전히 틀릴 수 있습니다. For our ancestors the weather was a life and death situation — not just an inconvenience — and I think that had they had anything more reliable, they wouldn't have had to base their predictions on this kind of thing. ||forebears|||||||life and death|||||minor issue||I||||||||||||||base||forecasts||||| Para nuestros antepasados, el clima era una situación de vida o muerte, no solo un inconveniente, y creo que si hubieran tenido algo más confiable, no habrían tenido que basar sus predicciones en este tipo de cosas. Pour nos ancêtres, le temps était une situation de vie ou de mort - pas seulement un inconvénient - et je pense que s'ils avaient eu quelque chose de plus fiable, ils n'auraient pas eu à fonder leurs prédictions sur ce genre de chose. 우리 조상들에게 날씨는 단순한 불편이 아니라 생사를 가르는 상황이었으며, 더 신뢰할 수 있는 것이 있었다면 이런 종류의 예측에 의존할 필요가 없었을 것이라고 생각합니다. They were really clutching at straws when they observed animal and bird behaviour and linked it to the weather, but they really had no other choice. |||grasping||desperate measures|||noted|animal behavior|||||||||||||||| Ils s'agrippaient vraiment à des pailles lorsqu'ils ont observé le comportement des animaux et des oiseaux et l'ont lié au temps, mais ils n'avaient vraiment pas d'autre choix. 동물과 새의 행동을 관찰하고 이를 날씨와 연결할 때 지푸라기라도 잡는 심정이었지만, 다른 선택의 여지가 없었습니다.

Sue: My thanks to Peter Watkins. Next week we'll...