Steve's YouTube Videos, 5 ways to improve your pronunciation in any language

Hi there. привет| Hello|there Olá| 안녕하세요|안녕 Merhaba|merhaba مرحبًا|مرحبًا salam| Hola|ahí Today, I want to talk about pronunciation. aujourd'hui||veux|à|||prononciation today||want|||about|pronunciation |||||sobre|pronúncia 오늘|나는||하다|이야기하다|에 대해|발음 ||||||telafuz ||||||tələffüzü ||||||発音 ||||||pronunciación Today, I want to talk about pronunciation. आज मैं उच्चारण के बारे में बात करना चाहता हूँ। And the reason for that is that, uh, someone brought to my attention a study that showed that people who have better pronunciation are judged more severely for their grammar errors than people who have less native-like pronunciation. ||||||||||||||||||||||||судят||сурово||||ошибки|||||||| et|la|raison|pour||est|||||||attention|||||cela|les gens||||||||sévèrement|pour|||erreurs|||||moins||| and|the|reason|for|that|is|that|uh|someone|brought|to|my|attention||study|that|showed|that|people|who|have|better||are|judged|more|severely|for|their|grammar|errors||people||||||pronunciation E||||||||alguém|trouxe|||atenção||||mostraram|||quem|têm|||são|julgados||mais|||gramática|erros|||||menos|nativa|| ||||bunun||o|şey|birisi|getirildi|||dikkatime|||o|gösterdi|o||ki||daha iyi|||yargılanır|daha|ciddi şekilde||onların|dilbilgisi|hataları|-den||ki||daha az|yerel|gibi|ağızdan çıkarma ||Grund|||||äh||gebracht|||||||zeigte||||||||beurteilt||schärfer|||||||||||| 그리고|||에 대한|그것|은||어||알려줬다||내|내 주목에|한|연구||보여주었다|그|사람들|사람들이|가지고|더 좋은||이해가|판단된다|더|심하게|그들의|그들의|문법|오류|보다|사람들|사람들이|가지고|덜|원어민|좋은| |||||||||ha portato|alla||||||||||||||||severamente|||||||||||| |这个||||||呃|||||||||||||||||被评判||严重地||||错误|||||||| |||||||||trajo|||||||mostraba||||||||juzgados||más severamente|||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||судять||суворо|||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||被评判|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||hodnoceni||přísně|||||||||||| |||||は||あの|||||注意||||示した||||||||||||||誤り||||||ネイティブ|| |||||||||zwrócił|||||||||||||||||surowo|||||||||mniej|native|jak| You know, less native-like pronunciation. |know||native|| |||||ağızda telaffuz |weißt|||| 당신|알아|||| tu||||| ||より少ない||| ||menos|nativa|| It's as if the better you pronounce the language, maybe the higher people's expectations are, or for whatever reason, it seems that you shouldn't get ahead of your level in the language by focusing too much on pronunciation before you are at sort of a level of comfort in using the language. |||||||||||||ожидания||||какой бы то ни было|||||||||||||||||||||||||сорт|выше|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||raison||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |if|||||pronounce||language|||higher|people|expectations||||any reason|||seems|||||ahead||||||||||||||||at|sort|||||comfort|||| |como|||||pronuncia|||||maior||expectativas||||qualquer|||parece|||não deverias||à frente||||||língua||focando|||||||||uma espécie de|de||||conforto|||| ||||||||||||||||||||görünüyor||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||aussprichst||||||der Leute|Erwartungen|||||||scheint|||||vorankommen||||||||sich konzentrieren||||||||||||||komfort|||| 그것은||마치||||발음하다||언어|||더 높을수록|사람들의|기대|높다|아니면||어떤||그것|인 것 같다|||안 되는|앞서가다|앞서가다|자신의|당신의|수준|그 언어에서||언어|~에|집중하는|너무|너무|~에||앞서|||에서|정렬|앞서||수준|앞서|편안함|에서|사용하는||언어 ||||||||||||||||||||sembra|||||avanzare|||||||||||||||||sorta||||||||| |||||||||||||期望||||||||||||||||||||专注|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||قبل|||||||||الراحة|||| |||||||||||||expectativas||||cualquiera||||||||||||||||enfocándote|||||||||tipo||||||||| |||||||||||вищі||очікування|є||з якоїсь причини|якою б то не було|причина||здається|||||випереджати||||||||зосереджуючись|||||вперед||||сортувати||||||||| |||||||||||||očekávání||||jakýkoli|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||im lepiej||||||||ludzi|oczekiwania||||||||||||wyprzedzać|||poziom|||||skupiając się||||wymowa|||||sortować|||poziom|||||| 마치 발음을 잘할수록 사람들의 기대치가 높아지는 것 같기도 하고, 어떤 이유에서인지 언어 사용에 어느 정도 익숙해지기 전에 발음에 너무 집중해서 자신의 언어 수준을 앞서가면 안 된다고 생각하는 것 같기도 합니다. Suits that level of pronunciation. Suits|||| verbo auxiliar|||| 수트|||| Suits|||| Suits||||wymowy підходить||||вимови Suits|||| So I want to talk a little bit more about what I consider to be the goals when we look at pronunciation in a language we're learning and some of the ways that we can improve our pronunciation in line with these goals. ||||||||||||считаю|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||im Einklang||| 그래서||||||조금||||||여기서 고려하는||||목표|우리가||볼 때||||||우리가|배우고 있는||일부|||방법||우리가|할 수|향상시키다|우리의|||이해하는 데|에서|이러한|목표 ||話したい|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||wymowa||odnośniku||| As usual, I did a fair amount of research on the internet and the subject of pronunciation, and a word came along that I was not aware of, hadn't heard before, called suprasegmentals. |||||приличное|объем||||||||||||||||||||знал||||||супрасегментальные ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||suprasegmentaux |||||fair|||||||||||||||||||||||||||suprasegmentals Como|habitual|eu|fiz|||quantidade||pesquisa||||||||pronúncia|||||junto|||||ciente|||ouvido|||suprassegmentais ||||||||||||||||||||||||||意识到||||||超音段 |wie üblich|ich|||faires|||||||||Thema|||||||vorbeikam|||||bewusst||hatte|||genannt|Suprasegmentalia |||했다||상당한|양||연구||||||주제|||||단어|왔다|왔다|||있었다|알지|알지||하지 않았던|들어본||라는|초분절음 ||||un|||||||||||||||||è venuta|||||a conoscenza||||||suprasegmentali ||||||||||||||||||||||||||świadomy||||||suprasegmentalne |||||||||||||||||||||появилося|||||усвідомлював||||||супрасегментальні ||||||množství|||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||適切な|||調査|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||considerable|||||||||tema||pronunciación||||||||||consciente||||||suprasegmentales And apparently in pronunciation, people focus on the segmentals, which is the specifics of how to pronounce the guttural R or the U. |видимо|||||||сегментные||||||||||гортанное|||| ||||||||segmentales||||spécificités||||||gutturale|||| |apparently|||||||segmentals||||specifics||||||guttural|||| ||||||||segmentos|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||喉音|||| |anscheinend||||konzentrieren|||Segmentale||||Spezifika||||||guttural|R|||U(1) |분명히||||집중하다|||음소|즉|||세부 사항||어떻게||||목구멍 소리|R|||U(1) ||||||||||||||||||gutturale|||| ||||||||音段||||||||||喉音|||| ||||||||||||szczegóły||||||gutturalne||||U(1) |очевидно|||||||||||||||вимовляти||гортанному|||| ||||||に|||||||||||||||| |||pronunciación|||||segmentales|||||||||||||| Or other sounds that are sometimes difficult in a particular language. |||||||||определённом| |||||czasami||||konkretnym| ||소리||||어려운|||특정한| o||||||difficili|||| |||||іноді||||конкретній| Those are the segmentals. это||| |||phân đoạn 그것들은||| ||i| esos||| Це|||сегментні to|||segmenty Those are the details. |||detalles |||Details |||세부사항 |||os detalhes to||| Whereas the supra segmentals is more the sort of how the language comes across: the intonation, the stress, the timing, the feel that you can project. тогда как|||||||||||||||||||||||||проецировать ||supra|||||||||||||||||le timing|||||| while||above|||||||||||||intonation|||||||||| Enquanto||supra|||||tipo||||||se apresenta||||acento|||||||| während||obige|||||||||||||Intonation||||Timing||||||projizieren 반면||위의|||||||||||||억양||강세||타이밍||느낌||||전달하다 mentre|||||||||||||||||||||sensazione||||proiettare ||上述|||||||||||||语调|||||||||| podczas gdy||supra|||||||||||||||akcent|||||||| тоді як||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||上記の||||||||||伝わる|||||アクセント|||||||| mientras que|||||||tipo|||||viene|se percibe||||||tiempo|||||| And it seems that the supra segmentals are more important than the nuts and bolts of the language. ||||||||||||нюансы||механика||| ||||||||||||les éléments essentiels||éléments essentiels||| |||||supra|||||||nuts||mechanics||| ||||||||||||os elementos||os fundamentos||| ||||||||||||Nüsse||Bausteine||| |||||||||중요한|||핵심 요소||기초적인 요소||| ||||||||||||noci||meccanismi||| ||||||||||||细节||细节||| ||||||||||||zasady||podstawy||| |||||||||||(визначений артикль)|гвинти||основи||| ||||||||||||puntos||componentes||| And it's not surprising to me because pronunciation is part of the whole process of acquiring a language. |||||||||||||||приобретения|| |||||||||||||||acquiring|| |||überraschend|||||||||||||| |||놀랍지||내게|왜냐하면|||일부분|||전체|과정||습득하는|| ||||||||||||intero||||| |||сюрпризом||||||||||||опанування|| |||zaskakujące||||||częścią|||||||| As we have better usage, better control over the patterns and the phrases of... |||||||||шаблоны|||| ||||usage||||||||phrases| ||||||Kontrolle||||||| ||||||제어|에 대한|||||구문| ||||використання|||над||шаблони|||| ||||użycie|||||wzorcach|||| The language, naturally, our timing in the language is going to be better; our intonation in the language is going to be better, and as a result, the pronunciation is going to be better. la|langue|naturellement|notre|temps|||langue||aller|être|être|meilleur|notre|intonation|dans|la|langue|va|sera||être|meilleure||en|un||la|prononciation||va|||meilleure the||||timing||||||||||intonation||||||||||||||||||| ||||tempo||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||Ergebnis||||||| ||자연스럽게|||||||||||||||||될|||||||||||될||| ||||||||||||||语调||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||intonacja||||||||||||wynik||||||| ||||tiempo||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| So you can't just isolate pronunciation. |||||prononciation ||||isolate| ||||isolieren| ||할 수 없어요|단지|분리하다| ||||aislar| ||||izolować| And to me, the goal in pronunciation, when I learn another language, my goal is that I want to be comfortable, and I want the person listening to me, typically the native speaker, to be comfortable. ||||||prononciation|||||langue|||||||||||||||||moi||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||native|||| ||||목표||||||다른|||목표|||||||편안하게|||||사람|듣는|||보통|||화자|||편안하게 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||tipicamente|||||| |||||||cuando||||||meta|||||||cómodo||||||||||||||| I don't expect of myself that I will be perfect, but I would like to feel comfortable speaking the language. ||||||||sois||||||||||la|langue ||erwarte||||||||||||||||| ||||내 자신|||||완벽하다|하지만||하고|||||말하는|| ||||siebie|||||doskonały|||||||||| ||espero||||||||||||||||| I don't want to feel as if I'm making clanging errors of pronunciation. |||||||||громкие||| ||veux||se sentir|||||bruyants|||prononciation |||||||||clanging||| |||||||||erros||| |||||||||klirrenden||| |||||||내가|하는|소음나는||| |||||||||严重的||| |||||||||hałaśliwe||| |||||||estoy||sonidos discordantes||| And similarly, I want the person listening to me, especially the native speaker, to feel comfortable listening to me. |||veux||||||||||||||| |||||||||특히||||||||| |podobnie||||||||||||||||| That doesn't mean perfection, and it doesn't mean a native-like level in the language. das|||Perfektion||||||||||| ||의미하다|완벽||||의미하다||||||| |||doskonałość||||||||||| |||perfection||||||||||| If we look at the issue of segmentals, this is the first point: the sort of specific sounds in a language that are difficult. |||||вопрос|||||||||||||||||| |||||Thema||||||||||||||||||schwierig |||||||||||첫 번째|점||||특정한||||||| |||||kwestia|||||||punkt||||specyficznych||||||| |||||tema|||||||punto||tipo||||||||| These can be vowels; these can be consonants. |||гласные||||согласные |||||||consonnes |||vowels||||consonants |||vogais|||| |||Vokale||||Konsonanten |||모음||||자음 |||元音||||辅音 |||samogłoski|||| |||vocales|||| I happen to believe that the vowels are more important. |viens|||||||| ||||||vowels||| ich|happen|||||Vokale||| |||믿다|||||| |恰好|||||||| ||||||samogłoski||| ||||||vocales||| You know, I think if you can't make a guttural R in French, it doesn't matter. |||||||||guttural|||||| ||||||||||||francês|||importa ||||||||||||프랑스어|||중요하지 않다 |||||||||喉音|||||| ||yo|||||||guttural|||||| |||||||||gutturalne|R||||| If you can't roll your R quite the way the Spanish do, I don't think it's so important. ||||||bastante||||||||||| |||rrollen|||||||Spanier|||||||wichtig ||||||아주||방식||스페인 사람들|하는|||||| |あなた|||||||||||||||| |||||R|dość||||Hiszpanie||||||| Uh, if you have an aspirated T or not aspirated T, if you're a German speaking English and you simply can't nail the W sound, to me, that's not so important. |||||аспиратированный||||неаспиратированный|||||||||вы|||попасть||||||||| |||||aspirée||||||||||||||||maîtriser||||||||| |||||aspirated||||unaspirated||||||||||||||||||||| |||||aspirada||||||||||||||||acertar||som||||||| |||||aspiriertes|T|||nicht aspiriert||||||||||||nailen||W||||||| ||||하나의|유기음|T|||무기음|T||당신이||독일어||영어|||그냥||정확히 하다||W(1)|소리|||그것은||| |||||清音||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||aspirada||||||||||||clavas||||||||| On the other hand, if the vowel is U, it's got to be U. ||||||||||거야||| |||Seite|||||||||| ||||||vowel||||||| If it's U, it's got to be U. ||||должно||| So, uh, some of these, um, sounds that are not native to say to an English speaker, I think we have to make a special effort to learn them. |||||||||||||||||||||||||усилие||| |||||ähm||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||말하다||||||||||||특별한|노력|||그것들 |||||||||||||||||||||||||esforço||| ||||||||||||||||speaker|||||||||||| And I remember when I was learning Chinese, I worked rather specifically on the sound like, yeah, like, and I had to force myself because it was not something that I was used to. ||||||||||довольно|конкретно|||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||worked||specifically|||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||중국어|||상당히|특히|||||예||||해야||강요하다||||||무언가||||익숙해져| ||||||||||bastante||||||||||||||||||||||| So I think in every language, there is a small number of sounds that we can make a ||||||||||||sons||||| ||||모든|||||작은|수||||||| There aren't very many of them in each language. |sind||||||| |없다|매우|많은||||각각| |||||ellos||| In Swedish, for example, there's this; I can't do it, but I'm quite comfortable in my Swedish. |Schwedisch||||||||||||||| |스웨덴어|||이것이 있어요||||||||||||스웨덴어 |sueca||||||||||||||| |sueco||||||||||||||| So we can work a little bit on some of these without being too demanding. ||||||||||||||требовательными ||||||||||||||demanding ||||||||||||||exigente |||||||||||ohne|||anspruchsvoll |||일하다||||||||없이|너무||요구하는 ||||||||||цьому|без|||вимогливими But overall, though, we have to put greater emphasis on the intonation, the suprasegmentals, and that means a major emphasis on a sort of holistic approach to the language. |в целом|||||||акцент||||||||||||||||целостный|подход||| |dans l'ensemble||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |overall|||||||emphasis|||intonation||suprasegmentals|||||||||||holistic|||| |no geral||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |insgesamt|||||legen||Betonung||||||||||große||||||ganzheitlichen|||| |전반적으로|그래도||||두다|더 큰|강조||||||||의미한다||중요한|강조|||||전체론적|접근 방식||| |||||||||||语调|||||||||||||整体的|||| але||хоча|||||||||||супрасегментні||||велике|велике||||||цілісний|||| ||しかし|||||||||||||||||||||||||| |en general|aunque|||||mayor||||||suprasegmentales||||||||||||||| And so again, this means that improving your pronunciation is going to be a matter of lots of listening and reading. ||다시||||||||||||||많은||||읽기 ||||||mejorar||||va|||||||||| ||||significa|||||||||||||||| Also, you know, pronunciation is connected to reading because every time we're reading, we're sub vocalizing. ||||||||||||||суб|субъективно произносим |||||connected|||||||||sub|sub vocalizing |||||verbunden|||||||||sub|subvokalisieren 또한|||||연결되어|||||||||하위|소리 내기 ||||||||||||||在|默读 ||sabes|||conectada||lectura|||||||| So we have to have some sense of how the language should be pronounced. ||||||представление||||||| |||||||||||해야||발음되어야 ||||||||bagaimana||||| ||||||sentido||||||| So then this raises the question of how much explicit pronunciation instruction is useful. |||||||||явное||инструкция|| |||||||||explicite||||utile |||raises||||||explicit||instruction|| |||||||||||instrução|| |||stellt||||||explizite|||| |그럼||||질문||||명시적인||지도||유용한 |||||||||明确的|||| |||||||||explicitní|||| ||||pertanyaan||||||||| |||plantea|||||||||| And there have been a number of studies on this subject, and I'll leave links in the description box. |||||||||||||||||description| |||있었다||||연구|||||나는|남길|||||상자 Dan sudah ada sejumlah penelitian mengenai hal ini, dan saya akan meninggalkan tautannya di kotak deskripsi. But it is not at all clear that if you have two groups of students, one group that is given a lot of listening to do without specific pronunciation instruction, and another group that's given specific pronunciation instruction, ||||||||||||||||||||||||||ohne|||Anweisung|||||||| ||||||||||||그룹||학생들||그룹|||주어진||많은|||||||||||그룹||주어진||| |||||||||||||||||||||||mendengarkan|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||specific||instruction|||||||| Namun, sama sekali tidak jelas jika Anda memiliki dua kelompok siswa, satu kelompok yang diberi banyak mendengarkan tanpa instruksi pengucapan khusus, dan satu kelompok lagi yang diberi instruksi pengucapan khusus, It's not obvious that those with specific pronunciation instruction do better. ||очевидно|||||||| ||||jene|||||| ||명백한|||||||| Now, all of these things are so subjective because there's always going to be some pronunciation instruction. |||||||主观||||||||| |||||||subjektiv||||||||| 지금||||||||||항상|||||| |||||||subjective||||||||| Sekarang, semua hal ini sangat subjektif karena akan selalu ada instruksi pengucapan. There's going to be some attention to the details of how words are pronounced. |||||||||||단어|| |||||||||||||pronunciadas Those that were given specific pronunciation instruction are also going to do a lot of listening. ||이해받은||||||||||||| Motivation comes into it. Motivation||| 동기||안으로| So it's not black and white, but the main point is that it's not obvious that specific pronunciation instruction is tremendously important. ||||||||||||||||||||очень| ||||||||||||||||||||très| ||||||||||||||||||||tremendously| ||||||||||||||||||||tremendamente| |||||흑백|||주요||||||||||||매우| ||||||||||||||||||||非常| Jadi, hal ini tidak hitam dan putih, tetapi poin utamanya adalah bahwa instruksi pengucapan yang spesifik sangatlah penting. Point number two, from my own personal experience, and I think I pronounce. ||||||개인적인|경험||||| |||||propia|||||pienso|| Poin nomor dua, dari pengalaman pribadi saya, dan saya rasa saya ucapkan. I have the advantage that I have learned a number of languages. |||장점||||||||언어 |||vantagem|||||||| Saya memiliki keuntungan karena saya telah mempelajari sejumlah bahasa. So to that extent, my brain is a little more flexible when it comes to sounds. |||степени|||||||||||| |||extent|||||||flexible||||| |||정도||뇌|||||유연한||||| |||medida||cérebro|||||||||| |||medida|||||||||||| Jadi, sejauh itu, otak saya sedikit lebih fleksibel dalam hal suara. Obviously, if you only have one language, you're kind of constrained. ||||||||||ограничен ||||||||||confiné obviously||||||||||limited ||||||||||constrangido 당연히|||단지|||||일종의||제한된 ||||||||||受限 ||||||||||constricto Jelas, jika Anda hanya memiliki satu bahasa, Anda akan mengalami keterbatasan. You're only used to those sounds, those phonemes. |||||||фонемы |||||||phonèmes |||||||phonemes |||||||음소 |||||||音素 The more languages you learn, the more flexible you are, the better you hear different sounds in different languages, the better you can pronounce them. |||||||гибким||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||듣다|다른|||||||||| |semakin||||||||||||||||||||||| So I have an advantage there. However, my approach has always been lots of listening, lots of listening. 하지만|||이었습니다|||||||| And I like to combine listening with reading if I can get access. ||||||||||||접근 ||||||||||||acesso Dan saya suka menggabungkan mendengarkan dengan membaca jika saya bisa mendapatkan akses. To the transcript of what I am listening to, and of course in an initial period, I listen to the mini stories where I do have a transcript. ||||||||||||||начальный|||||||||||||транскрипция ||Transkript||||||||||||anfänglichen||||||||||||| ||전사||||내가|||||물론|||초기|||듣다|||미니|이야기|곳에서||||| Untuk transkrip dari apa yang saya dengarkan, dan tentu saja pada periode awal, saya mendengarkan cerita-cerita mini yang saya miliki transkripnya. But even if I'm listening to something that I don't understand very well, I like to try to reach in there and identify phrases and words, pay attention to what I'm listening to. ||||||||||||잘||||하려고||이해하다||||식별하다||||주의하다|||||| ||||||||||||||||||chegar||||identificar|||||||||| Tetapi, meskipun saya mendengarkan sesuatu yang tidak begitu saya pahami, saya suka mencoba untuk menjangkau ke sana dan mengidentifikasi frasa dan kata-kata, memperhatikan apa yang saya dengarkan. It's not just background noise. ||||소음 |||ruído| |||ruido de fondo| It's not turning on the Spanish radio while you're chatting with your friends. |||||||동안||대화하고 있는|||친구들 Tidak menyalakan radio Spanyol saat Anda mengobrol dengan teman. It's got to be a listening process where you're actually listening to the intonation of the language. |||||||||||||语调||| |||||||||실제로||||||| You are bombarding your brain with the sounds and the intonation and the ||轰炸|||||||||| ||bombarding|||||||||| ||자극하고 있는|||||||||| ||нагружаете|||||||||| Cadence and the timing of the language. Каденция|||||| cadence|||||| Cadence|||||| Cadência|||||| 카덴스|||||| 节奏|||时机||| And I believe that has a tremendously beneficial effect. ||||||очень|положительный| ||||||||효과 Dan saya percaya bahwa hal itu memiliki efek yang sangat bermanfaat. It doesn't mean that I'm going to pronounce the same way as you. |||||||||같은||| What I hear, and, uh, I could be listening to Portuguese from Portugal and Portuguese from Brazil. ||||||||||포르투갈어||포르투갈||포르투갈어||브라질 ||ouço|||||||||||||| Apa yang saya dengar, dan, eh, saya bisa mendengarkan bahasa Portugis dari Portugal dan bahasa Portugis dari Brasil. And so there's definitely going to be a mixture. |||확실히|||||혼합물 Jadi, pasti akan ada campuran. For example, in Sweden, where people watch television in the original language, most of the programs will be American English, but some will be British English. |||||||||||||||программы|||||||||| |||스웨덴|||||||원어||대부분|||프로그램|||미국의||||||영국| Misalnya, di Swedia, di mana orang menonton televisi dalam bahasa aslinya, sebagian besar programnya akan menggunakan bahasa Inggris Amerika, tetapi sebagian lagi akan menggunakan bahasa Inggris Inggris. And, uh, the Swedes, they're typically, their pronunciation is kind of a mixture of British English and American English, uh, with, uh, the influence. |||шведы||||||||||||||||||||влиянием |||Schweden|||||||||||||||||||| |||Swedes|||||||||||||||||||| |||스웨덴 사람들||||||||||||||||||||영향 Dan, eh, orang Swedia, mereka biasanya, pengucapannya seperti campuran antara bahasa Inggris Inggris dan bahasa Inggris Amerika, eh, dengan, eh, pengaruhnya. Of Swedish, and that's fine too. ||||괜찮아요| Most Swedes, when they speak English, they're very comfortable to listen to, very easy to understand. |les Suédois|||||||||||||| |||그들은|말할 때|||||||||쉬운|| Now, in an ideal scenario, of course, you have access to the transcript of what you're listening to. ||||сценарии||||||||||||| |||이상적인|||||||||||||| Sekarang, dalam skenario yang ideal, tentu saja, Anda memiliki akses ke transkrip dari apa yang Anda dengarkan. And there is a very close relationship between developing good listening skills and reading comprehension. ||||||||||||||понимание |||||||사이의|개발하는|좋은||기술|||이해 So, the kinds of things that I do in order to learn the language, in other words, lots of listening and reading, also is beneficial for developing good pronunciation. |||||||||||||||autres||||||||||||| |||||||||~하기 위해||||||||||||||||||| Jadi, jenis-jenis hal yang saya lakukan untuk mempelajari bahasa, dengan kata lain, banyak mendengarkan dan membaca, juga bermanfaat untuk mengembangkan pengucapan yang baik. Now, point number three, don't be too demanding. |||||||требовательным |||셋째|||| |||||||苛刻 Again, there was a study that I'll leave a reference to in the description box. |||||||||ссылку||||| |||||||||참고문헌||||| According to this study, people tend to give themselves credit for having better pronunciation than they actually have. |||||склонны||||кредит|за||||||| 이 연구에 따르면|||||||주다|자신에게|인정||가지고|||||| ||||as pessoas||||||||||||| Menurut penelitian ini, orang cenderung memberikan pujian kepada diri mereka sendiri karena memiliki pengucapan yang lebih baik daripada yang sebenarnya. Maybe that's the case. |||상황 At least that was what came out of this particular study. |по крайней мере||||||||| ||||||나왔다|||| |al menos||||||||| But I think often people feel a little bit embarrassed by their own pronunciation. |||||||||尴尬|||| |||||||||부끄러워|||| So I think there could be a bit of both: people who think they pronounce better than they do and other people who are more inhibited because they feel they don't pronounce that well. |||||||||||||||||||||||||скованные|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||inhibés|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||inhibited|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||hemmend|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||위축된|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||害羞|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||inhibidos|||||||| I think there again, the solution, the happy medium is to not expect perfection, but to try to feel comfortable in the way you speak the language. ||||||||medium|||||||||||||||||| |||||해결책||행복한||||||||||||||||||| Saya pikir sekali lagi, solusinya, media yang membahagiakan adalah dengan tidak mengharapkan kesempurnaan, tetapi mencoba untuk merasa nyaman dengan cara Anda berbicara dalam bahasa tersebut. Try to focus in on natural word usage, natural phraseology, natural cadence, natural intonation, and not worry too much about whether you're able to hit that French U or U or Spanish rolled R or guttural R or whatever it might be in the different languages that you might be learning. |||||||употребление||фразеология||ритм||||||||||||||||||||||||гортанный||||||||||||||| |||||||||phraseologie||||intonation||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||phraseology||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||Phraseologie||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||자연스러운||||||||걱정하다||||당신||할 수 있는||||||||||구르다||||||||할 수 있을||||||||할 수 있을|| ||||||||自然|用语||节奏||||||||||||||||||||||||喉音|||||||||||||||学习 ||||||||||||||||||||||||zasáhnout|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||si||||||||||||vibrante|||||||||||||||||| Cobalah untuk fokus pada penggunaan kata yang alami, fraseologi yang alami, irama yang alami, intonasi yang alami, dan jangan terlalu khawatir tentang apakah Anda dapat mencapai huruf U atau U dalam bahasa Prancis atau R dalam bahasa Spanyol atau R yang parau atau apa pun dalam bahasa lain yang mungkin Anda pelajari. Another hint is try to acquire some sort of natural introductory phrases. |подсказка||||приобрести||вид|||вводные| |indice|||||||||introductives| ||||||||||introductory| |||||adquirir|||||| ||||||||||einführend| |힌트||||습득하다|||||소개하는| ||||||||||介绍性|短语 Petunjuk lainnya, cobalah untuk mendapatkan semacam frasa perkenalan yang alami. For example, I find myself in French. |||찾다||| ||eu|||| I'm always saying, enfin, even when I speak other languages, |||всё-таки|||||| |||à la fin|||||| |||schließlich|||||| ||말하는|결국|||||| |||finally|||||| It gives me time to think. |주다|||| In Japanese, so desu ne, sore dewa ne. |||это|да||тогда| ||||n'est-ce pas||alors| |||it is|||then|then |||é||||não ||||||dann| |일본어||입니다|네|그것|그러면|네 ||||||entonces| You know, there's all these little things that make even your moments when you are hesitating seem more natural. |||||||||||||||犹豫||| |||||||||||||||hésitant||| |||||||||||||||hesitating||| |||||||||||순간|||||더욱|| |||||||||||||||vacilando||| And I think that gives you a better cadence in the language. ||||||||rhythm||| ||||||||리듬||| It's also important. And say, if you're a Japanese speaker where the verb comes at the end, you've got to make sure that you develop the habit of starting off your sentence by saying, 'I think this and that,' rather than saying, 'this, this, this, I think,' because that's all part of developing a natural cadence in the language. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||а||||||||||||||||ритм||| ||||||locuteur||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||말하다|||||당신은|||||||개발하다||||시작하는|시작하는||문장||||||||||||||||||||||||||| And that's again, an example of how the usage patterns, if you can get a good sense of the usage patterns through massive listening and reading, the pronunciation is kind of going to look after itself, in my opinion. |||||||||||||||||||||||||lecture|||||||||||||opinion ||||||||||||||||||||||대량의||||||||||||||||의견 However, I think when we are listening, we do have to try to want to pronounce better. однако|||||||||||||||| cependant|||||||||||||||| We have to try to pay attention. You know, I mentioned the Spanish speaker. |||упоминал||| |||말했어요||| I knew who would say sword instead of sword. ||||||||épée |||||Schwert||| |||||검|||검 |sabía|||decir|espada|||espada You know, my father who used to say shoulder instead of shoulder, and they would never change because for some reason in their mind, they would. |||||||||||어깨||||결코|변화하다|||||||마음|| ||||||||épaule|||||||||||||||tête|| |||Vater|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||shoulder||||||||||||||||| The way a word was spelled in English should dictate how the word is pronounced. |||||написано||||диктовать||||| |||||||||diktent||||| |||||geschrieben||||bestimmen||||| |||||쓰여진||||결정하다||||| |||||||||决定||||| Unfortunately, in English, that's not the case. 불행하게도|||||| infelizmente|||||| desafortunadamente|||||| There are languages where the spelling is very consistent. ||||||||一致 |||||Rechtschreibung||| |||||철자|||일관적이다 Turkish was that way; Spanish is that way, but there are lots of languages where that's not the case. 터키어|||||||||||||||||| And we have to get used to noticing how the word is pronounced. |||||||인지하는 것||||| |||||||notar||||| Noticing it, not with the intention of trying to remember it, but just that we're paying attention. замечая|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||portons|attention |||||||하려는||||||||주고 있는| We have to be paying attention. If we pay attention and if we want to pronounce better, then I think We have a good chance of doing so. ||||||하는| Again, not with the aim of trying for perfection. ||||목적|||| ||||objetivo|||| And this brings me to the final point, which is a little bit fuzzy. |||||||||||||неясным |||||||||||||flou |||||||||||||vago |||||||||||||unscharf ||||||마지막|||||||모호한 |||||||||||||模糊 |||||||||||||vago The whole approach, my approach to pronunciation is somewhat fuzzy because I think it's part of that overall process of acquiring the language. ||||||||немного|||||||||||||| ||||||||un peu|floue||||||||global||||| ||||||||etwas|||||||||||||| ||||||||다소|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||general||||| We don't necessarily need to deliberately focus a lot of our time on pronunciation. |||||намеренно|||||||| |||||absichtlich|||||||| |||필요하다||의도적으로|||||||| |||||deliberadamente|||||||| If we do all the other things that we need to do to acquire the language, we're bombarding our brain with the sounds and the words and the phrases of the language. The pronunciation, by and large, is going to come. ||||대체로||||오다 Um, however, psychologically, I've always found it very important to try to project yourself outside of your own sort of national identity, language identity into that of the language you're trying to learn. ||심리적으로|나는||||||||||자신을|밖에||||||국가의|정체성||정체성||||||||| So if I'm speaking Chinese or Japanese or French or Spanish or Russian, I try to imagine myself one of them. ||||||||||||||essaie|||||| ||||||||||||러시아어||||상상하다|||| As long as I'm sort of inhibited or I'm reluctant to take a chance, I don't want to fall flat on my face because I tried to pretend I was a Frenchman and I didn't quite pull it off. ||||||скован|||неохотен||||||||||провалиться||||||||||||француз||||||| |||||||||réticent||||||||||||||||||||||Français||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Frenchman||||||| |||||||||relutante||||||||||||||||||||||francês||||||| |||||||||내키지 않는||하다|||||||넘어지다||||얼굴|||시도했다||행세하다||||프랑스인|||하지||해내다|| ||||这||害羞|||不情愿||||||||||||||因为||||||||||||||| |||||||||reacio||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 只要我有点抑制或不愿意冒险，我就不想因为试图假装自己是法国人而失败，因为我没有完全成功。 It doesn't matter. You have to have what I've called this cultural weightlessness. |||||||||невесомость |||||||||légèreté |||||||||weightlessness |||||||||Schwebendheit |||||||||무중력 |||||||||无重力 |||||||||ingravidez You don't want to have that feeling that you are, in my case, an English speaker, attempting to speak Turkish. ||||||||||||||||essayant||| ||||||느낌||||||||||||| ||||||||tú||||||||intentando||| I'm just a person, and I'm trying to fit in with the Turks. ||||||||влиться|||| ||||||||||||Turcs ||||||||||||Türken ||||||||어울리다||||터키인 ||||||||||||Turks I'm trying to project myself as a Turk. |||||||турок |||||||Türke |||||||터키인 |||||||turco |||||||Turk And I think that sort of attitude is an important part of breaking free of the constraints of your native language. ||||||||||||||||ограничений|||| ||||||||||||||||contraintes|||| ||||||||||||||||constraints|||| ||||tipo||||||||||||limitações|||| |||||||||||||자유롭게|||제약|||| ||||||||||||||||限制|||| |||itu||||||||||||||||| 我认为这种态度是摆脱母语限制的重要组成部分。 Constraints that will always be there. ограничения(1)||||| You will always reflect languages that you already know, particularly your native language. |||||||이미||특히||| You'll reflect the patterns of your native language in your word usage, but |反映||||||||||使用| 당신은|||||||||||| You will also reflect the patterns of your native language in terms of the sounds, the pronunciation, in terms of the intonation, the stress. |||||||||||||||||||||||重音 ||||||||||||||||||측면||||| |||||||||idioma|||||||||||||| That's why, you know, English speakers tend to have more, you know, stress in their French. |||||화자|||||||||| Whereas the French tend to be more monotonous. в то время как||||||| |||||||monotonous |||||||monoton |||||||단조롭다 |||||||单调 mientras que||||||| You have to pay attention to that, that French is spoken in a more monotonous way. ||||||||||말해진다||||| You have to imagine yourself a Frenchman, speak that way. ||||||francês||| And with that, the rest of the pronunciation will come. ||||나머지||||| So I hope that was useful. ||바라다||| |||||útil Thank you for listening. 감사합니다||| Bye for now. 안녕|| пока||