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Oxford Online English, English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses

English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses

Hi I'm Martin.

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

In this lesson you can learn about English verb tenses.

Are you confused about your simple, perfect and continuous tenses?

Do you know how many verb tenses there are in English?

In this lesson, you can get a big picture understanding of English verb tenses.

You'll learn what connects English verb forms, which will make it easier for you to

learn and understand verb tenses in English.

Let's start with an overview of the topic so that you understand what you're dealing

with.

Every English verb form has two parts.

The first part is the time: past, present or future.

The second part is the aspect: simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous.

So, there are three times and four aspects.

You can combine these in twelve different ways.

Pause the video if you want more time to look at the table.

Let's do a quick test.

Can you recognise these three verb forms?

I was having dinner this time yesterday.

He's been sitting there for hours.

Where will you be next week?

Do you know the answers?

Let's check!

In the first sentence, the time is past, and the aspect is continuous: it's past continuous.

In the second sentence, the time is present, and the aspect is perfect continuous: it's

present perfect continuous.

In the third sentence, the time is future, and the aspect is simple: it's future simple.

You don't need to remember all of this now.

What you should remember: all English verb forms are made of these two parts: time plus

aspect.

One more point: different teachers, books and courses sometimes use different words

for these things.

For example, some books use the word ‘progressive' instead of ‘continuous'.

So, instead of ‘present continuous', they say ‘present progressive'.

Other words have the same problem.

For example, the words ‘tense' and ‘aspect' are used in different ways by different people.

Our advice?

Don't think too much about the words.

Focus on the ideas.

I understand it can be confusing, but this is really not your problem that people don't

use these words consistently!

Next, let's talk more about time.

I said we're going to talk about past, present and future, but really, we're mostly going

to talk about the future.

Why—why is the future different?

English verbs have past and present forms.

For example:

be – was do – did

want – wanted

So, to make a present form past, just change the present verb to the past verb, like this:

I go shopping once a week.

→ I went shopping once a week.

She's running in the park.

→ She was running in the park.

We haven't seen it yet.

→ We hadn't seen it yet.

It doesn't matter if the aspect is simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous.

Using a present or a past verb decides whether the meaning is present or past.

That's almost too simple, right?

But what about the future?

There are no future verb forms; you can't change the verb to make it future.

So, you have to add something before the verb.

For example:

I'll be waiting for you outside the station.

When are you going to tell her?

He might join us later.

Now, you can see why the future is more complicated.

There are many things you can add before the verb to give it a future meaning.

You saw examples with will, be going to and might, but there are other possibilities.

It's also very common to use present verb forms with a future meaning, like this:

What are you doing this weekend?

Class starts at 10:00.

So, talking about the future is more complex.

There isn't one way to give a verb a future meaning in English, and there's also a large

overlap between the present and the future.

What should you remember from all this?

Remember that every verb has only one past form, and only one present form, but there

are many possible future forms.

There isn't one ‘future tense' in English.

Now, let's talk about aspect.

Look at three sentences:

I went to Rome last year.

I go to work by bus.

I'll go with you.

What are these three verb forms?

They're all simple: past simple, present simple, and future simple.

You can see that for the past and present simple, you just use the present or past form

of the verb, without adding anything.

For the future simple, you need to add something, like will or going to.

In general, simple verb forms describe two things:

One: single actions.

Two: repeated actions or states.

So, I went to Rome or I'll go with you describe single actions in the past or the future.

I go to work by bus describes a repeated action in the present.

The present simple can't generally be used to talk about single actions.

The present simple generally expresses repeated actions or states.

The past and future simple can be used to talk about single actions, repeated actions

or states.

For example:

I went to Rome every year until 2012.

I'll go with you on Tuesday and Wednesday, but I can't on Thursday.

So, what about continuous verb forms?

Let's start with three examples:

I was eating dinner at seven o'clock last night.

I'm eating a tuna sandwich.

This time next week, I'll be eating fresh seafood on an island!

These three sentences are all continuous: past continuous, present continuous and future

continuous.

Can you see what connects them?

First, all continuous forms use the verb be, together with an -ing verb.

So, to make a continuous form, take the verb be in the past, present or future, then add

your main verb with -ing on the end.

For example:

She was telling me a really interesting story.

They aren't helping at all.

It'll be getting dark at five o'clock.

What about the meaning of continuous forms?

Can you see what connects these examples?

Continuous forms describe things which are incomplete.

Generally, continuous forms are used to talk about one moment in time.

So, you say I was eating dinner at seven o'clock last night because you're talking about

a moment in time (seven o'clock), and something incomplete—you hadn't finished your dinner

at that moment.

In the sentence She was telling me a really interesting story, you're talking about

a moment in time when she was in the middle of her story.

You use a continuous form because, at that moment, she hadn't finished her story.

Okay, but what about perfect verb forms?

Again, let's start with some examples:

He hadn't finished speaking.

She's finished all her homework.

We‘ll have finished everything by Friday.

What do you notice?

All perfect tenses use the verb have in the past, present or future form.

After have, you use a past participle to make the perfect form.

So, for example, to make the past perfect, you take the past form of have, which is had,

and add a past participle.

For example:

We hadn't thought about it.

I had never tried miso soup before.

For the future perfect, take the future form of have, which could be will have, and add

a past participle, like this:

I'll have finished all my exams by this time next year.

What about the meaning of perfect verb forms?

Can you see anything which connects these three sentences?

Perfect verb forms connect two points in time.

For example, He hadn't finished speaking is past perfect.

This connects two different times or actions in the past.

To understand this, you need a longer sentence with more information.

For example:

He hadn't finished speaking when everybody started to leave.

The perfect form connects the two different actions.

This is the best way to think about perfect verb forms: perfect verb forms connect two

points in time.

How does this work in the present?

This is present perfect.

What two points in time does this connect?

It connects the present and the past.

She's finished her homework in the past (before now), and now her homework is done

and ready to be checked (in the present).

What about the future?

This is the future perfect.

In this case, it connects the present to a point in the future.

When you say We'll have finished everything by Friday, you mean that you'll finish everything

some time between now and Friday.

You don't know exactly when you'll finish everything, but you know that it will be somewhere

in this period between now and the future.

Finally, let's look at perfect continuous forms.

Here are three examples to begin:

She'd been feeling much better.

We've been waiting for ages.

By the end of the day, we'll have been working without a break for 14 hours.

What do you notice?

You can see that perfect continuous forms are a mix of the perfect and the continuous,

which is logical, right?

They're perfect forms because they use a form of have plus a past participle, which

in perfect continuous verb forms is always the same: been.

They're continuous forms because they use be plus a main verb with -ing.

How do you set the time of a perfect continuous form?

You set the time by changing the form of have.

Use a past, present or future form of have, plus been, plus a verb with -ing.

Let's practise!

Here's a sentence in the present simple.

I walk through the forest.

Can you change this sentence into the three perfect continuous forms: past, present and

future?

Pause the video and try it!

Ready?

Let's check your answers:

I had been walking through the forest.

I've been walking through the forest.

I will have been walking through the forest.

Did you get them right?

Next, let's talk about the meaning of perfect continuous forms.

Again, the meaning is a combination of the two aspects: perfect and continuous.

So, the meaning is perfect because these forms connect two points in time.

I had been walking through the forest...

...when something else happened.

For example:

I had been walking through the forest for hours before I realised I was lost.

Like you saw before, the perfect aspect is used to connect two points in the past.

What about the continuous side?

What meaning does that add?

It adds the idea of something incomplete or temporary.

If you say, She'd been feeling much better, this suggests she was feeling ill either before

or after she was feeling better.

If you say, We've been waiting for ages, you mean that you still haven't got what

you came for.

The action—waiting—is incomplete.

If you say, By the end of the day, we'll have been working without a break for 14 hours,

you mean that your work still won't be finished at the end of the day.

The past and future perfect continuous forms are rare, but you still need them sometimes.

Okay, so now you've seen an overview of all the English verb forms.

First of all, remember that this lesson is meant to give you the big picture.

You've seen what connects different English verb tenses, and how verb forms are different

from each other.

However, you've seen the most general connections and differences.

This can help you to understand English verb forms, but remember that every English verb

form has its own specific uses and meanings.

Want more practice for this topic?

Make sure you check out the full version of this lesson on our website.

It includes a quiz to help you review and practice what you've learned in this class.

That's all from us.

Thanks for watching!

See you next time!

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English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses |||guía||||||| inglês||||||simples|||| Leitfaden für englische Verben - Lernen Sie die einfache, perfekte und kontinuierliche Zeitform kennen Guía de los tiempos verbales en inglés - Aprende sobre los tiempos simples, perfectos y continuos راهنمای زمان‌های فعل انگلیسی - درباره زمان‌های ساده، کامل و پیوسته بیاموزید Guide des temps de verbe en anglais - Apprendre les temps simples, parfaits et continus Guida ai tempi verbali in inglese - Imparare i tempi semplici, perfetti e continui 英語動詞時制ガイド-単純時制、完了時制、継続時制について学ぶ Engelse werkwoordstijdengids - Leer over de eenvoudige, perfecte en continue tijden Angielski przewodnik po czasach - poznaj czasy proste, doskonałe i ciągłe Guia dos tempos verbais em inglês - Aprenda sobre os tempos simples, perfeito e contínuo Руководство по временам английского глагола - узнайте о простом, совершенном и длительном временах İngilizce Fiil Zamanları Kılavuzu - Basit, Mükemmel ve Sürekli Zamanları Öğrenin Посібник з часів англійського дієслова - дізнайтеся про простий, доконаний та тривалий часи 英语动词时态指南 - 了解简单、完成和连续时态

Hi I'm Martin. Merhaba ben Martin.

Welcome to Oxford Online English. Oxford Online English'e hoş geldiniz.

In this lesson you can learn about English verb tenses. |||||||||Zeitformen In dieser Lektion können Sie etwas über englische Zeitformen lernen. Bu derste İngilizce fiil zamanları hakkında bilgi edinebilirsiniz.

Are you confused about your simple, perfect and continuous tenses? Sind Sie verwirrt über Ihre einfachen, perfekten und kontinuierlichen Zeitformen? Está confuso sobre os tempos simples, perfeito e contínuo? Basit, mükemmel ve sürekli zamanlarınız hakkında kafanız mı karıştı?

Do you know how many verb tenses there are in English? Weißt du, wie viele Zeitformen es im Englischen gibt? Sabe quantos tempos verbais existem em inglês? İngilizce'de kaç tane fiil zamanı olduğunu biliyor musun?

In this lesson, you can get a big picture understanding of English verb tenses. In dieser Lektion können Sie sich einen Überblick über die Zeitformen der englischen Verben verschaffen. Nesta lição, pode obter uma visão global dos tempos verbais em inglês. Bu derste, İngilizce fiil zamanlarının büyük bir resmini anlayabilirsiniz.

You'll learn what connects English verb forms, which will make it easier for you to 你将|||||||||||||| Du lernst, was englische Verbformen verbindet, was es dir leichter machen wird Aprenderá o que liga as formas verbais em inglês, o que lhe facilitará a tarefa de İngilizce fiil biçimlerini neyin birbirine bağladığını öğreneceksiniz, bu da sizin için daha kolay olacak

learn and understand verb tenses in English. Lernen und verstehen Sie Verbformen auf Englisch. aprender e compreender os tempos verbais em inglês. İngilizce fiil zamanlarını öğrenin ve anlayın.

Let's start with an overview of the topic so that you understand what you're dealing ||||概述|||||||||| ||||visão geral|||||||||| ||||||||||||||se ukvarjate s tem Beginnen wir mit einem Überblick über das Thema, damit Sie verstehen, womit Sie es zu tun haben Comecemos com uma visão geral do tema, para que perceba com o que está a lidar Давайте начнем с обзора темы, чтобы вы понимали, с чем имеете дело Neyle uğraştığınızı anlamanız için konuya genel bir bakışla başlayalım.

with. ile.

Every English verb form has two parts. ||动词|||| Todas as formas verbais inglesas têm duas partes. Her İngilizce fiil formunun iki bölümü vardır.

The first part is the time: past, present or future. Der erste Teil ist die Zeit: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart oder Zukunft. A primeira parte é o tempo: passado, presente ou futuro. İlk kısım zamandır: geçmiş, şimdi veya gelecek.

The second part is the aspect: simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous. |||||时态|简单||完成时||完成时| |||||Aspekt|||||| |||||vidik|||popolni||| Der zweite Teil ist der Aspekt: einfach, kontinuierlich, perfekt oder perfekt kontinuierlich. İkinci bölüm görünüştür: basit, sürekli, mükemmel veya mükemmel sürekli.

So, there are three times and four aspects. Es gibt also drei Zeiten und vier Aspekte. Portanto, há três tempos e quatro aspectos. Yani, üç zaman ve dört yön vardır.

You can combine these in twelve different ways. ||组合|||十二种|| Sie können diese auf zwölf verschiedene Arten kombinieren. É possível combiná-los de doze maneiras diferentes. Bunları on iki farklı şekilde birleştirebilirsiniz.

Pause the video if you want more time to look at the table. Pause o vídeo se quiser mais tempo para ver a tabela. Tabloya bakmak için daha fazla zaman istiyorsanız videoyu durdurun.

Let's do a quick test. Vamos fazer um teste rápido. Hızlı bir test yapalım.

Can you recognise these three verb forms? ||识别|||| ||prepoznati|||| Können Sie diese drei Verbformen erkennen?

I was having dinner this time yesterday. Ich war gestern um diese Zeit beim Abendessen. Ontem, a esta hora, estava a jantar. Dün bu saatlerde yemek yiyordum.

He's been sitting there for hours. Da sitzt er schon seit Stunden. Ele está ali sentado há horas. Saatlerdir orada oturuyor.

Where will you be next week? Wo wirst du nächste Woche sein? Onde é que vai estar na próxima semana? Gelecek hafta nerede olacaksın?

Do you know the answers? Sabe as respostas?

Let's check!

In the first sentence, the time is past, and the aspect is continuous: it's past continuous. |在|||||||||||||| Na primeira frase, o tempo é passado, e o aspeto é contínuo: é past continuous. İlk cümlede zaman geçmiştir ve görünüş süreklidir: geçmiş süreklidir.

In the second sentence, the time is present, and the aspect is perfect continuous: it's İkinci cümlede zaman mevcuttur ve görünüş mükemmel süreklidir:

present perfect continuous.

In the third sentence, the time is future, and the aspect is simple: it's future simple. Im dritten Satz ist die Zeit Zukunft, und der Aspekt ist einfach: es ist Zukunft einfach. Üçüncü cümlede, zaman gelecek ve görünüş basittir: Gelecek basittir.

You don't need to remember all of this now. Sie müssen sich das alles jetzt nicht merken. Não precisas de te lembrar de tudo isto agora. Tüm bunları şimdi hatırlamana gerek yok.

What you should remember: all English verb forms are made of these two parts: time plus O que deve recordar: todas as formas verbais inglesas são compostas por estas duas partes: tempo mais Hatırlamanız gerekenler: tüm İngilizce fiil formları bu iki bölümden oluşur: zaman artı

aspect. aspeto. bakış açısı.

One more point: different teachers, books and courses sometimes use different words Noch ein Punkt: Verschiedene Lehrer, Bücher und Kurse verwenden manchmal unterschiedliche Wörter Bir nokta daha: farklı öğretmenler, kitaplar ve kurslar bazen farklı kelimeler kullanır.

for these things. para estas coisas. bu şeyler için.

For example, some books use the word ‘progressive' instead of ‘continuous'. |||||||进行时||| |||||||progressive||| Por exemplo, alguns livros utilizam a palavra "progressivo" em vez de "contínuo". Örneğin, bazı kitaplarda "sürekli" yerine "ilerleyen" sözcüğü kullanılır.

So, instead of ‘present continuous', they say ‘present progressive'. Assim, em vez de "present continuous" (presente contínuo), diz-se "present progressive" (presente progressivo). Bu nedenle, 'şimdiki zaman' yerine 'şimdiki zaman' diyorlar.

Other words have the same problem. Outras palavras têm o mesmo problema. Diğer kelimelerde de aynı sorun var.

For example, the words ‘tense' and ‘aspect' are used in different ways by different people. Zum Beispiel werden die Wörter „Tempus“ und „Aspekt“ von verschiedenen Menschen unterschiedlich verwendet. Por exemplo, as palavras "tenso" e "aspeto" são utilizadas de formas diferentes por pessoas diferentes. Örneğin, 'gergin' ve 'aspect' kelimeleri farklı kişiler tarafından farklı şekillerde kullanılmaktadır.

Our advice? Unser Rat? O nosso conselho?

Don't think too much about the words. Não penses muito nas palavras. Kelimeler hakkında fazla düşünme.

Focus on the ideas. Konzentrieren Sie sich auf die Ideen. Fikirlere odaklanın.

I understand it can be confusing, but this is really not your problem that people don't ||||||但是||||||||| Ich verstehe, dass es verwirrend sein kann, aber das ist wirklich nicht Ihr Problem, das die Leute nicht haben Compreendo que pode ser confuso, mas o facto de as pessoas não o fazerem não é problema seu Kafa karıştırıcı olabildiğini anlıyorum, ama bu gerçekten senin problemin değil, insanların anlamadığı bir şey değil.

use these words consistently! 使用||| Verwenden Sie diese Wörter konsequent! bu kelimeleri tutarlı bir şekilde kullanın!

Next, let's talk more about time. De seguida, vamos falar mais sobre o tempo. Sonra, zaman hakkında daha fazla konuşalım.

I said we're going to talk about past, present and future, but really, we're mostly going Ich sagte, wir werden über Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft sprechen, aber eigentlich gehen wir hauptsächlich Eu disse que íamos falar do passado, do presente e do futuro, mas na verdade, vamos sobretudo Geçmiş, şimdi ve gelecek hakkında konuşacağız dedim ama gerçekten, çoğunlukla gidiyoruz.

to talk about the future. para falar sobre o futuro. gelecek hakkında konuşmak için.

Why—why is the future different? Warum – warum ist die Zukunft anders? Gelecek neden farklı?

English verbs have past and present forms. Englische Verben haben Vergangenheits- und Gegenwartsformen.

For example:

be – was do – did

want – wanted wollen – gewollt

So, to make a present form past, just change the present verb to the past verb, like this: 所以||||||||||||||||| Portanto, para transformar uma forma presente em passada, basta mudar o verbo presente para o verbo passado, assim: Yani, şimdiki zamanı geçmiş yapmak için şimdiki fiili geçmiş fiille değiştirin, şöyle:

I go shopping once a week. Einmal die Woche gehe ich einkaufen. Vou às compras uma vez por semana. Haftada bir kez alışverişe giderim.

→ I went shopping once a week. → Einmal in der Woche ging ich einkaufen. → Ia às compras uma vez por semana.

She's running in the park. Sie läuft im Park. Ela está a correr no parque. Parkta koşuyor.

→ She was running in the park. → Sie lief im Park. → Ela estava a correr no parque.

We haven't seen it yet. Wir haben es noch nicht gesehen. Ainda não o vimos. Henüz görmedik.

→ We hadn't seen it yet. → Wir hatten es noch nicht gesehen. → Ainda não o tínhamos visto. → Henüz görmemiştik.

It doesn't matter if the aspect is simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous. Görünüşün basit, sürekli, mükemmel veya mükemmel sürekli olması fark etmez.

Using a present or a past verb decides whether the meaning is present or past. Die Verwendung eines Präsens- oder Vergangenheitsverbs entscheidet, ob die Bedeutung Präsens oder Vergangenheit ist. A utilização de um verbo no presente ou no passado decide se o significado é presente ou passado.

That's almost too simple, right? |quase||| Das ist fast zu einfach, oder? É quase demasiado simples, não é?

But what about the future? Mas e o futuro?

There are no future verb forms; you can't change the verb to make it future. Es gibt keine zukünftigen Verbformen; Sie können das Verb nicht ändern, um es in die Zukunft zu bringen. Não existem formas verbais de futuro; não se pode mudar o verbo para o tornar futuro.

So, you have to add something before the verb. Por isso, é preciso acrescentar algo antes do verbo.

For example:

I'll be waiting for you outside the station. Ich warte vor dem Bahnhof auf dich. Espero por si à porta da estação.

When are you going to tell her? Wann wirst du es ihr sagen? Quando é que lhe vais dizer? Ona ne zaman söyleyeceksin?

He might join us later. Vielleicht kommt er später zu uns. Ele pode juntar-se a nós mais tarde. Daha sonra bize katılabilir.

Now, you can see why the future is more complicated. Agora, pode ver porque é que o futuro é mais complicado. Şimdi, geleceğin neden daha karmaşık olduğunu görebilirsiniz.

There are many things you can add before the verb to give it a future meaning. Es gibt viele Dinge, die Sie vor dem Verb hinzufügen können, um ihm eine zukünftige Bedeutung zu geben. Há muitas coisas que se podem acrescentar antes do verbo para lhe dar um significado futuro. Gelecekte bir anlam vermek için fiilden önce ekleyebileceğiniz birçok şey var.

You saw examples with will, be going to and might, but there are other possibilities. Sie haben Beispiele mit Wille, Sein und Macht gesehen, aber es gibt auch andere Möglichkeiten. Will, be Going To ve Might ile ilgili örnekler gördünüz, ancak başka olasılıklar da var.

It's also very common to use present verb forms with a future meaning, like this: Es ist auch sehr üblich, Verbformen im Präsens mit einer zukünftigen Bedeutung zu verwenden, wie zum Beispiel: Também é muito comum usar formas verbais do presente com um significado futuro, como esta: Mevcut fiil formlarını gelecekteki bir anlamla kullanmak da çok yaygındır, bunun gibi:

What are you doing this weekend? Was machst du dieses Wochenende? O que vai fazer este fim de semana? Bu hafta sonu ne yapıyorsun?

Class starts at 10:00. Der Unterricht beginnt um 10:00 Uhr. A aula começa às 10:00. Ders 10:00'da başlar.

So, talking about the future is more complex. Es ist also komplexer, über die Zukunft zu sprechen. Por isso, falar sobre o futuro é mais complexo. Dolayısıyla, gelecek hakkında konuşmak daha karmaşıktır.

There isn't one way to give a verb a future meaning in English, and there's also a large Es gibt nicht nur eine Möglichkeit, einem Verb im Englischen eine zukünftige Bedeutung zu geben, und es gibt auch eine große Não existe uma única forma de dar um significado futuro a um verbo em inglês, e existe também uma grande İngilizcede bir fiile gelecekteki bir anlam vermenin tek bir yolu yoktur ve ayrıca geniş bir anlam da vardır.

overlap between the present and the future. 重叠|||||| overlap|||||| sobreposição|||||| Überschneidungen zwischen Gegenwart und Zukunft. sobreposição entre o presente e o futuro. bugün ve gelecek arasında örtüşüyor.

What should you remember from all this? Was sollten Sie sich von all dem merken? O que deve recordar de tudo isto? Tüm bunlardan ne hatırlamalı?

Remember that every verb has only one past form, and only one present form, but there Lembre-se que cada verbo tem apenas uma forma no passado e uma forma no presente, mas há Her fiilin yalnızca bir geçmiş biçimi ve yalnızca bir şimdiki biçimi olduğunu unutmayın;

are many possible future forms. existem muitas formas futuras possíveis. gelecekteki birçok olası biçimdir.

There isn't one ‘future tense' in English. Não existe um "future tense" em inglês. İngilizce'de tek bir 'gelecek zaman' yoktur.

Now, let's talk about aspect. Lassen Sie uns nun über den Aspekt sprechen. Falemos agora do aspeto. Şimdi görünüş hakkında konuşalım.

Look at three sentences: Olha para três frases: Üç cümleye bakın:

I went to Rome last year. Ich war letztes Jahr in Rom. Fui a Roma no ano passado. Geçen yıl Roma'ya gittim.

I go to work by bus. Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Arbeit. Vou para o trabalho de autocarro. İşe otobüsle giderim.

I'll go with you. Ich werde mit dir gehen. Eu vou convosco.

What are these three verb forms?

They're all simple: past simple, present simple, and future simple. Sie sind alle einfach: Past Simple, Present Simple und Future Simple. Hepsi basit: geçmiş basit, şimdiki zaman basit ve gelecek basit.

You can see that for the past and present simple, you just use the present or past form Sie können sehen, dass Sie für Vergangenheit und Gegenwart einfach die Gegenwarts- oder Vergangenheitsform verwenden Pode ver que para o passado e o presente simples, basta usar a forma presente ou passada Geçmiş ve şimdiki zaman için basit olanı, sadece mevcut veya geçmiş formu kullandığınızı görebilirsiniz.

of the verb, without adding anything. ||||dodajanje| des Verbs, ohne etwas hinzuzufügen. do verbo, sem acrescentar nada. hiçbir şey eklemeden fiilin.

For the future simple, you need to add something, like will or going to. Gelecek için basit, irade veya gidiş gibi bir şey eklemeniz gerekir.

In general, simple verb forms describe two things: Im Allgemeinen beschreiben einfache Verbformen zwei Dinge: Genel olarak, basit fiil biçimleri iki şeyi tanımlar:

One: single actions. |单一| Bir: tek eylemler.

Two: repeated actions or states. Zwei: wiederholte Aktionen oder Zustände. İki: tekrarlanan eylemler veya durumlar.

So, I went to Rome or I'll go with you describe single actions in the past or the future. Öyleyse, Roma'ya gittim ya da seninle geleceğim, geçmişteki ya da gelecekteki eylemleri tek tek anlat.

I go to work by bus describes a repeated action in the present. İşe otobüsle gidiyorum, şimdiki zamanda tekrarlanan bir eylemi anlatıyor.

The present simple can't generally be used to talk about single actions. Das Present Simple kann im Allgemeinen nicht verwendet werden, um über einzelne Handlungen zu sprechen. O present simple não pode geralmente ser utilizado para falar de acções isoladas. Present simple genellikle tek eylemlerden bahsetmek için kullanılamaz.

The present simple generally expresses repeated actions or states. O presente simples exprime geralmente acções ou estados repetidos. Şimdiki basit genellikle tekrarlanan eylemleri veya durumları ifade eder.

The past and future simple can be used to talk about single actions, repeated actions Geçmiş ve gelecek basit, tek eylemler, tekrarlanan eylemler hakkında konuşmak için kullanılabilir.

or states.

For example:

I went to Rome every year until 2012. Bis 2012 bin ich jedes Jahr nach Rom gefahren. Fui a Roma todos os anos até 2012. 2012 yılına kadar her yıl Roma'ya gittim.

I'll go with you on Tuesday and Wednesday, but I can't on Thursday. Ich werde am Dienstag und Mittwoch mit dir gehen, aber am Donnerstag kann ich nicht. Vou convosco na terça e na quarta, mas não posso ir na quinta. Salı ve Çarşamba günü seninle geleceğim ama Perşembe günü gelemem.

So, what about continuous verb forms? Was ist also mit kontinuierlichen Verbformen? Então, o que dizer das formas verbais contínuas? Peki ya sürekli fiil biçimleri?

Let's start with three examples:

I was eating dinner at seven o'clock last night. Ich habe gestern Abend um sieben Uhr zu Abend gegessen. Eu estava a jantar às sete horas da noite de ontem.

I'm eating a tuna sandwich. |||金枪鱼| |||tuna| Ich esse ein Thunfisch-Sandwich. Estou a comer uma sandes de atum. Ton balıklı sandviç yiyorum.

This time next week, I'll be eating fresh seafood on an island! ||||||||seafood||| Nächste Woche um diese Zeit esse ich frische Meeresfrüchte auf einer Insel! Gelecek hafta bu zamanlar bir adada taze deniz ürünleri yiyeceğim!

These three sentences are all continuous: past continuous, present continuous and future Bu üç cümlenin tümü süreklidir: geçmiş sürekli, şimdiki zaman sürekli ve gelecek

continuous. sürekli.

Can you see what connects them? Kannst du sehen, was sie verbindet? Consegues ver o que os liga? Onları neyin birbirine bağladığını görebiliyor musun?

First, all continuous forms use the verb be, together with an -ing verb. Em primeiro lugar, todas as formas contínuas utilizam o verbo be, juntamente com um verbo -ing. İlk olarak, tüm sürekli formlar, bir -ing fiiliyle birlikte olmak fiilini kullanır.

So, to make a continuous form, take the verb be in the past, present or future, then add Bu nedenle, sürekli bir biçim oluşturmak için geçmişte, şimdide veya gelecekte olmak fiilini alın, sonra ekleyin

your main verb with -ing on the end. o verbo principal com -ing no final. sonunda -ing olan ana fiiliniz.

For example: Örneğin:

She was telling me a really interesting story. Sie erzählte mir eine wirklich interessante Geschichte. Ela estava a contar-me uma história muito interessante. Bana çok ilginç bir hikaye anlatıyordu.

They aren't helping at all. 他们|||| Sie helfen überhaupt nicht. Não estão a ajudar em nada. Hiç yardımcı olmuyorlar.

It'll be getting dark at five o'clock. Vai começar a escurecer às cinco horas. Saat beşte hava kararacak.

What about the meaning of continuous forms? Was ist mit der Bedeutung von Endlosformularen? E o significado das formas contínuas? Peki ya sürekli formların anlamı?

Can you see what connects these examples? Sehen Sie, was diese Beispiele verbindet? Consegues ver o que liga estes exemplos? Bu örnekleri neyin birbirine bağladığını görebiliyor musunuz?

Continuous forms describe things which are incomplete. Endlosformen beschreiben Dinge, die unvollständig sind. As formas contínuas descrevem coisas que estão incompletas. Sürekli formlar eksik olan şeyleri tanımlar.

Generally, continuous forms are used to talk about one moment in time. ||||||||一个||| Genellikle sürekli formlar, zamanın bir anından bahsetmek için kullanılır.

So, you say I was eating dinner at seven o'clock last night because you're talking about Also, Sie sagen, ich habe letzte Nacht um sieben Uhr zu Abend gegessen, weil Sie reden Então, diz que eu estava a jantar às sete horas da noite passada porque está a falar de Yani dün gece saat yedide yemek yediğimi söylüyorsun çünkü sen ondan bahsediyorsun.

a moment in time (seven o'clock), and something incomplete—you hadn't finished your dinner einen Moment (sieben Uhr) und etwas Unvollständiges – Sie hatten Ihr Abendessen noch nicht beendet um momento no tempo (sete horas), e algo incompleto - ainda não tinha terminado o seu jantar bir an (saat yedi) ve eksik bir şey - akşam yemeğini bitirmemiştin

at that moment. nesse momento.

In the sentence She was telling me a really interesting story, you're talking about Bana gerçekten ilginç bir hikaye anlatıyordu cümlesinde, hakkında konuşuyorsun

a moment in time when she was in the middle of her story. um momento no tempo em que ela estava a meio da sua história. hikayesinin ortasında olduğu bir an.

You use a continuous form because, at that moment, she hadn't finished her story. |||进行时|||||||||| Sie verwenden ein Endlosformular, weil sie zu diesem Zeitpunkt ihre Geschichte noch nicht beendet hatte. Sürekli bir form kullanıyorsunuz çünkü o anda hikayesini bitirmemişti.

Okay, but what about perfect verb forms? Okay, aber was ist mit perfekten Verbformen? Está bem, mas e as formas verbais perfeitas? Peki ya mükemmel fiil biçimleri?

Again, let's start with some examples:

He hadn't finished speaking. Er hatte noch nicht zu Ende gesprochen. Ele ainda não tinha acabado de falar.

She's finished all her homework. Sie hat alle ihre Hausaufgaben erledigt. Ela terminou todos os seus trabalhos de casa. Bütün ödevlerini bitirdi.

We‘ll have finished everything by Friday. Bis Freitag haben wir alles fertig. Teremos tudo terminado na sexta-feira. Cuma gününe kadar her şeyi bitirmiş olacağız.

What do you notice? Was fällt dir auf? Em que é que repara? Ne fark ettiniz?

All perfect tenses use the verb have in the past, present or future form. Tüm mükemmel zamanlar, have fiilini geçmiş, şimdiki veya gelecekteki biçimde kullanır.

After have, you use a past participle to make the perfect form. Nach have verwenden Sie ein Partizip Perfekt, um die perfekte Form zu bilden. Depois de have, usa-se um particípio passado para fazer a forma perfeita. Have'dan sonra, mükemmel formu oluşturmak için geçmiş bir ortacı kullanırsınız.

So, for example, to make the past perfect, you take the past form of have, which is had, Yani, örneğin, geçmişi mükemmel yapmak için, have'in geçmiş biçimini alıyorsunuz ki bu, haddi,

and add a past participle. e acrescentar um particípio passado. ve geçmiş bir katılımcı ekleyin.

For example:

We hadn't thought about it. Wir hatten nicht darüber nachgedacht. Não tínhamos pensado nisso. Bunu düşünmemiştik.

I had never tried miso soup before. ||||味噌|味噌汤| ||||miso|| ||||miso|| Misosuppe hatte ich noch nie zuvor probiert. Nunca tinha experimentado sopa de miso. Daha önce miso çorbasını hiç denememiştim.

For the future perfect, take the future form of have, which could be will have, and add Future perfect için, have'in sahip olunabilecek gelecek biçimini alın ve ekleyin

a past participle, like this: geçmiş bir katılımcı, bunun gibi:

I'll have finished all my exams by this time next year. Gelecek yıl bu zamanlar tüm sınavlarımı bitirmiş olacağım.

What about the meaning of perfect verb forms? Was ist mit der Bedeutung perfekter Verbformen? Mükemmel fiil biçimlerinin anlamı ne olacak?

Can you see anything which connects these three sentences? Bu üç cümleyi birbirine bağlayan herhangi bir şey görebiliyor musunuz?

Perfect verb forms connect two points in time. Perfekte Verbformen verbinden zwei Zeitpunkte. Mükemmel fiil biçimleri, zaman içinde iki noktayı birbirine bağlar.

For example, He hadn't finished speaking is past perfect. Zum Beispiel, Er hatte noch nicht zu Ende gesprochen, ist das Perfekt. Örneğin, konuşmayı bitirmemişti, geçmiş mükemmel.

This connects two different times or actions in the past. Dies verbindet zwei verschiedene Zeiten oder Handlungen in der Vergangenheit. Bu, geçmişte iki farklı zamanı veya eylemi birbirine bağlar.

To understand this, you need a longer sentence with more information. Bunu anlamak için daha fazla bilgi içeren daha uzun bir cümleye ihtiyacınız var.

For example:

He hadn't finished speaking when everybody started to leave. Er hatte noch nicht zu Ende gesprochen, als alle begannen zu gehen. Herkes ayrılmaya başladığında o daha sözünü bitirmemişti.

The perfect form connects the two different actions. Mükemmel biçim, iki farklı eylemi birbirine bağlar.

This is the best way to think about perfect verb forms: perfect verb forms connect two Mükemmel fiil formları hakkında düşünmenin en iyi yolu budur: mükemmel fiil formları iki şeyi birbirine bağlar.

points in time. Zeitpunkte.

How does this work in the present? Wie funktioniert das in der Gegenwart?

This is present perfect. Das ist Präsens perfekt.

What two points in time does this connect?

It connects the present and the past.

She's finished her homework in the past (before now), and now her homework is done Sie hat ihre Hausaufgaben in der Vergangenheit (vorher) erledigt, und jetzt sind ihre Hausaufgaben erledigt

and ready to be checked (in the present). und bereit, überprüft zu werden (in der Gegenwart).

What about the future?

This is the future perfect. Das ist die Zukunft perfekt.

In this case, it connects the present to a point in the future.

When you say We'll have finished everything by Friday, you mean that you'll finish everything Wenn Sie sagen, bis Freitag haben wir alles fertig, meinen Sie damit, dass Sie alles fertig haben

some time between now and Friday. einige Zeit zwischen jetzt und Freitag.

You don't know exactly when you'll finish everything, but you know that it will be somewhere

in this period between now and the future.

Finally, let's look at perfect continuous forms.

Here are three examples to begin:

She'd been feeling much better. Sie hatte sich viel besser gefühlt. Kendini çok daha iyi hissediyordu.

We've been waiting for ages. 我们已经||||好久 Wir warten seit Ewigkeiten. Uzun zamandır bekliyorduk.

By the end of the day, we'll have been working without a break for 14 hours. Am Ende des Tages werden wir 14 Stunden ohne Pause gearbeitet haben. Günün sonunda, 14 saat boyunca hiç ara vermeden çalışmış olacağız.

What do you notice? Was fällt dir auf? Ne fark ettiniz?

You can see that perfect continuous forms are a mix of the perfect and the continuous,

which is logical, right?

They're perfect forms because they use a form of have plus a past participle, which Sie sind perfekte Formen, weil sie eine Form von have plus Partizip Perfekt verwenden, which

in perfect continuous verb forms is always the same: been. in perfekten kontinuierlichen Verbformen ist immer dasselbe: gewesen.

They're continuous forms because they use be plus a main verb with -ing. Sie sind kontinuierliche Formen, weil sie be plus Hauptverb mit -ing verwenden.

How do you set the time of a perfect continuous form? Wie stellt man die Zeit eines perfekten Endlosformulars ein?

You set the time by changing the form of have. Sie stellen die Zeit ein, indem Sie die Form von have ändern.

Use a past, present or future form of have, plus been, plus a verb with -ing. Verwenden Sie eine Vergangenheits-, Gegenwarts- oder Zukunftsform von have, plus been, plus ein Verb mit -ing.

Let's practise!

Here's a sentence in the present simple.

I walk through the forest. ||pelo meio de|| Ich gehe durch den Wald. Ormanda yürüyorum.

Can you change this sentence into the three perfect continuous forms: past, present and

future?

Pause the video and try it!

Ready?

Let's check your answers:

I had been walking through the forest. Ich war durch den Wald gegangen. Ormanda yürüyordum.

I've been walking through the forest. Ich bin durch den Wald gegangen. Ormanda yürüyordum.

I will have been walking through the forest. Ich werde durch den Wald gegangen sein. Ormanda yürüyor olacağım.

Did you get them right? Hast du sie richtig verstanden?

Next, let's talk about the meaning of perfect continuous forms.

Again, the meaning is a combination of the two aspects: perfect and continuous.

So, the meaning is perfect because these forms connect two points in time.

I had been walking through the forest... Ich bin durch den Wald gegangen...

...when something else happened. ... wenn etwas anderes passiert ist.

For example:

I had been walking through the forest for hours before I realised I was lost. |过去完成时||||||||||||| Ich war stundenlang durch den Wald gelaufen, bevor mir klar wurde, dass ich mich verlaufen hatte.

Like you saw before, the perfect aspect is used to connect two points in the past. Wie Sie zuvor gesehen haben, wird der perfekte Aspekt verwendet, um zwei Punkte in der Vergangenheit zu verbinden.

What about the continuous side? Was ist mit der durchgehenden Seite?

What meaning does that add? 什么|||| Welche Bedeutung fügt das hinzu?

It adds the idea of something incomplete or temporary. |adds||||||| |agrega||||||| Es fügt die Idee von etwas Unvollständigem oder Vorübergehendem hinzu.

If you say, She'd been feeling much better, this suggests she was feeling ill either before Wenn Sie sagen: Ihr ging es schon viel besser, deutet dies darauf hin, dass sie sich auch schon vorher krank gefühlt hat

or after she was feeling better.

If you say, We've been waiting for ages, you mean that you still haven't got what |||||||||||||não têm|| Wenn Sie sagen: Wir warten seit Ewigkeiten, meinen Sie, dass Sie immer noch nicht haben, was

you came for. du bist wegen gekommen.

The action—waiting—is incomplete. Die Aktion – Warten – ist unvollständig.

If you say, By the end of the day, we'll have been working without a break for 14 hours, Wenn Sie sagen: Am Ende des Tages haben wir 14 Stunden ohne Pause gearbeitet,

you mean that your work still won't be finished at the end of the day. du meinst, deine arbeit ist am ende des tages noch nicht fertig.

The past and future perfect continuous forms are rare, but you still need them sometimes. Die Vergangenheits- und Zukunftsperfekt-Endlosformen sind selten, aber Sie brauchen sie trotzdem manchmal.

Okay, so now you've seen an overview of all the English verb forms.

First of all, remember that this lesson is meant to give you the big picture. |||||这节课||||||||| Denken Sie zuallererst daran, dass diese Lektion dazu gedacht ist, Ihnen das Gesamtbild zu vermitteln.

You've seen what connects different English verb tenses, and how verb forms are different Sie haben gesehen, was verschiedene englische Zeitformen verbindet und wie sich Verbformen unterscheiden

from each other.

However, you've seen the most general connections and differences. Sie haben jedoch die allgemeinsten Verbindungen und Unterschiede gesehen.

This can help you to understand English verb forms, but remember that every English verb

form has its own specific uses and meanings. Form hat seine eigenen spezifischen Verwendungen und Bedeutungen.

Want more practice for this topic? Willst du mehr Übung für dieses Thema?

Make sure you check out the full version of this lesson on our website.

It includes a quiz to help you review and practice what you've learned in this class.

That's all from us.

Thanks for watching! Danke fürs zuschauen!

See you next time!