【 听 世界 】 贫穷 的 本质 每天 听 本书 贫穷 的 概念 贫穷 的 原因 援助 是否 能 解决 贫穷 贫穷 的 解决方案 贫穷 的 表现
[Listen to the World] The essence of poverty, listening to this book every day, the concept of poverty, the causes of poverty, whether aid can solve poverty, solutions to poverty, manifestations of poverty.
您好
hello
Hello.
欢迎 来到 听书
welcome|arrive at|listening to books
Welcome to Listen to Books.
今天 为 大家 分享 的 这 本书 是 贫穷 的 本质
|||||||||của|
today|for|everyone|share|attributive marker|this|book|is|poverty|attributive marker|essence
Today, I will share with you this book, The Essence of Poverty.
我们 为什么 摆脱 不了 贫穷
we|why|get rid of|cannot|poverty
Why can't we get rid of poverty?
全书 共 二十二万 三千 字
||two hundred twenty thousand||
the whole book|a total of|220000|3000|words
The entire book has a total of 220,000 words.
我 将 用 二十 分钟 的 时间 来 为 大家 讲述 书中 的 精髓
I|will|use|twenty|minutes|attributive marker|time|to|for|everyone|narrate|in the book|attributive marker|essence
I will take twenty minutes to share the essence of the book with everyone.
究竟 穷人 为什么 会 贫穷
exactly||||
exactly|poor people|why|will|poverty
Why are the poor poor?
又 为何 摆脱 不了 贫穷
again|why|get rid of|cannot|poverty
And why can't they escape poverty?
贫穷 的 本质 这 本书
poverty|attributive marker|essence|this|book
The essence of poverty, this book.
是 由 阿比吉特 巴纳吉 和 埃斯特 迪弗洛 共同 完成 的
|by|Abhijit|Banerjee|||Duflo|hoàn thành chung||
is|by|Abhijit|Banerjee|and|Esther|Duflo|jointly|completed|attributive marker
is jointly completed by Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo.
阿比吉特 巴纳吉
|Banerjee
Abhijit|Banerjee
Abhijit Banerjee.
曾经 是 发展经济学 分析 研究局 的 局长
||development economics||Nghiên cứu cục||cục trưởng
once|is|development economics|analysis|research bureau|attributive marker|director
was once the director of the Development Economics Research Department.
还 曾经 是 世界银行
|||Ngân hàng Thế giới
still|once|is|World Bank
He has also been an honorary advisor to several organizations including the World Bank.
和 印度 政府 等 多家 组织 机构 的 荣誉 顾问
and|India|government|etc|many|organization|institution|attributive marker|honorary|advisor
and the Government of India.
埃斯特 迪弗洛 是 美国 麻省理工学院 的 经济系 教授
Esther|Duflo|is|United States|Massachusetts Institute of Technology|attributive marker|Department of Economics|professor
Esther Duflo is a professor in the Department of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
曾经 被 评为 经济学 人 杂志 的 八大 杰出 经济学家 之一
once|by|rated as|economics|people|magazine|attributive marker|eight|outstanding|economists|one of
She was once named one of the eight outstanding economists by the Economist magazine.
外交政策 杂志 的 百位 最具 影响力 的 思想家 之一
chính sách ngoại giao||||||||
foreign policy|magazine|attributive marker|hundred|most|influential|attributive marker|thinker|one of
She is also one of the hundred most influential thinkers according to Foreign Policy magazine.
财富 杂志 2010 年 四十位
|||forty
wealth|magazine|year|forty people
Fortune magazine's 2010 list of forty.
四十岁 以下 的 最具 影响力 的 企业 领导人 之一
under forty years old|below|attributive marker|most|influential|attributive marker|business|leader|one of
One of the most influential business leaders under forty.
他们 二人 一直 致力于 贫穷 实验室 的 研究 ,并且 根据 研究 结果 科学 地 制定 扶贫 政策 ,从而 减少 了 贫困人口
|||||phòng thí nghiệm|||||||||||||||người nghèo
they|two people|continuously|committed to|poverty|laboratory|attributive marker|research|and|according to|research|results|scientifically|adverbial marker|formulate|poverty alleviation|policy|thus|reduce|past tense marker|impoverished population
The two of them have been dedicated to researching poverty laboratories, and based on the research results, they scientifically formulated poverty alleviation policies, thereby reducing the number of people living in poverty.
并且 根据 研究 结果 科学 的 制定 地 扶贫 政策
and|according to|research|results|scientific|attributive marker|formulate|adverbial marker|poverty alleviation|policy
And based on the research results, they scientifically formulated poverty alleviation policies.
荣获 了 西班牙 毕尔巴鄂 比斯开 银行 年度 知识 前 演讲
||||Biscay|||||
awarded|past tense marker|Spain|Bilbao|Biscay|bank|annual|knowledge|before|speech
They were awarded the annual knowledge pre-lecture by the Bilbao Biscay Bank in Spain.
巴纳吉 和 迪弗洛 花费 了 15 年
Banerjee|and|Duflo|spent|emphasis marker|years
Banerjee and Duflo spent 15 years.
走遍 了 五大洲 18 个 国家 的 贫穷 地区
travel around|past tense marker|five continents|measure word|countries|attributive marker|poverty|areas
They traveled to impoverished areas in 18 countries across five continents.
从 穷人 的 日常生活 、教育 、健康 、创业 、援助 、政府 以及 非政府组织 等 方面 探寻 贫穷 的 本质
|||||||hỗ trợ|||phi chính phủ||||tìm hiểu||
from|poor people|attributive marker|daily life|education|health|entrepreneurship|aid|government|and|non-governmental organizations|etc|aspects|explore|poverty|attributive marker|essence
Exploring the essence of poverty from the aspects of the daily lives, education, health, entrepreneurship, aid, government, and non-governmental organizations of the poor.
那么 在 本书 当中
then|in|this book|among
So in this book,
他们 也 对 一些 关于 贫穷 的 流行 观点 进行 了 反思
they|also|towards|some|about|poverty|attributive marker|popular|views|conduct|past tense marker|reflection
they also reflect on some popular views about poverty.
比如 人数 越多 穷人 的 依赖性 就 会 越多
for example|number of people|the more|poor people|attributive marker|dependency|then|will|more
For example, the more people there are, the more dependent the poor will be.
根本 就 不起作用 等等等等
It simply does not work, and so on.
那么 作者 指出 ,多年 来 的 扶贫 政策 大多 都 以 失败 告终 !
||||||||||||kết thúc
so|author|pointed out|many years|during|attributive marker|poverty alleviation|policy|mostly|all|with|failure|end
The author points out that most poverty alleviation policies over the years have ended in failure!
原因 就 在于 人们 对 贫穷 的 理解 不够 深刻
reason|just|lies in|people|towards|poverty|attributive marker|understanding|not enough|profound
The reason lies in people's insufficient understanding of poverty.
他们 通过 大量 的 实例 提出 了 很多 实用性 较强 的 建议
||||ví dụ||||tính thực dụng|||
they|through|a large number of|attributive marker|examples|propose|past tense marker|many|practicality|relatively strong|attributive marker|suggestions
They have proposed many practical suggestions through numerous examples.
并且 寻找 那些 经得起 检验 的 扶贫 方法
and|seek|those|withstand|test|attributive marker|poverty alleviation|methods
And they are looking for poverty alleviation methods that can withstand scrutiny.
为 政策 的 制定者
|||người lập ra
for|policy|attributive marker|maker
For the policymakers.
慈善家
philanthropist
Philanthropist
政治家 以及 所有 希望 脱贫 的 人 提供 了 重要 的 指导
politician|and|all|hope|poverty alleviation|attributive marker|people|provide|past tense marker|important|attributive marker|guidance
Politicians and all those who wish to escape poverty provide important guidance
那么 在 解读 这 本书 之前
then|before|interpret|this|book|before
So before interpreting this book
大家 可以 先 来 思考 这样 几个 问题
everyone|can|first|come|think|such|several|questions
Everyone can first think about a few questions
什么 叫做 贫穷
what|is called|poverty
What is poverty?
导致 贫穷 的 原因 又 是 什么
cause|poverty|attributive marker|reason|again|is|what
What are the causes of poverty?
究竟 贫穷 有没有 解决 的 办法
exactly|poverty|is there|solve|attributive marker|method
Is there really a way to solve poverty?
社会 上 的 帮助 是否 可以 解决 贫穷 的 问题
society|on|attributive marker|help|whether|can|solve|poverty|attributive marker|problem
Can social assistance solve the problem of poverty?
然后 我们 就 从 这些 问题 入手 来 解读 这本 著作
||||||bắt đầu||giải thích||
then|we|just|from|these|questions|start|to|interpret|this|work
Then we will start from these questions to interpret this work.
贫穷 其实 是 一个 很 广泛 的 概念
poverty|actually|is|one|very|broad|attributive marker|concept
Poverty is actually a very broad concept.
有人 认为 贫穷 两个 字 的 原本 是 极度 不足 的 意思
some people|believe|poverty|two|characters|attributive marker|originally|is|extreme|lack|attributive marker|meaning
Some people believe that the original meaning of the two characters for poverty is extreme insufficiency.
日常 使用 以 则 指 缺乏 钱财
daily|use|to|then|refer to|lack|money
In everyday use, it refers to a lack of money.
生活 极其 困难
|rất|
life|extremely|difficult
Life is extremely difficult.
有些 人 认为 可以 从 科学 角度 去 理解 贫穷 的 意思
some|people|believe|can|from|scientific|perspective|to|understand|poverty|attributive marker|meaning
Some people think that poverty can be understood from a scientific perspective.
贫穷 的 成因 包括 了 多种 因素
||nguyên nhân||||yếu tố
poverty|attributive marker|causes|include|past tense marker|various|factors
The causes of poverty include various factors.
从 发展经济学 的 角度 来说
from|development economics|attributive marker|perspective|speaking
From the perspective of development economics
贫穷 就是 缺乏 生活 机会
poverty|is|lack|life|opportunities
Poverty is the lack of opportunities for a decent life
本书 的 开头 也 引用 了 一个 例子 来 解释 贫穷 的 概念
this book|attributive marker|beginning|also|quote|past tense marker|one|example|to|explain|poverty|attributive marker|concept
The beginning of this book also cites an example to explain the concept of poverty
在 撒哈拉沙漠 以南 的 非洲 地区
in|Sahara Desert|south of|attributive marker|Africa|region
In the regions of Africa south of the Sahara Desert
产妇 的 死亡 概率 是 33%
sản phụ|||xác suất|
maternal|attributive marker|death|probability|is
The maternal mortality rate is 33%
这 一 比 例 在 发达 国家 仅 为 百分之 零点 018
|||các nước phát triển|chỉ|0,1%|||||
this|one|ratio|example|in|developed|country|only|is|percent|point zero
This ratio is only 0.018 percent in developed countries.
全球 至少 有 25 个 国家
global|at least|have|individual|countries
There are at least 25 countries globally.
人口 的 平均 寿命 不 超过 55 岁
population|attributive marker|average|lifespan|not|exceed|years old
The average life expectancy of the population does not exceed 55 years.
他们 大多数 为 撒哈拉 以南 的 非洲 国家
they|majority|are|Sahara|south of|attributive marker|Africa|countries
Most of them are countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
仅 在 印度 一股 就 有 超过 五千万 的 学龄儿童
|||||||||trẻ em trong độ tuổi đến trường
only|in|India|one group|already|have|more than|fifty million|attributive marker|school-age children
In India alone, there are more than 50 million school-age children.
连 简单 的 课文 也 看 不懂
even|simple|attributive marker|text|also|read|cannot understand
Even simple texts cannot be understood.
大家 听 了 这段 文字
everyone|listen|past tense marker|this segment|text
Everyone listened to this passage.
可能 会 觉得 世界 贫穷 的 这个 问题 太 宽泛
|||||||||rộng rãi
possibly|will|feel|world|poverty|attributive marker|this|problem|too|broad
One might feel that the issue of world poverty is too broad.
太 棘手
too|tricky
Too tricky.
作者 创作 这 本书 的 目的
author|create|this|book|attributive marker|purpose
The author's purpose in writing this book.
就是 为了 让 大家 思考 如何 去 摆脱 那种 贫穷 的 问题
it is|in order to|let|everyone|think|how|to|get rid of|that kind of|poverty|attributive marker|problem
It is to make everyone think about how to get rid of that kind of poverty problem.
难以 解决 的 感觉
khó giải quyết|||
difficult to|solve|attributive marker|feeling
The feeling of being difficult to solve.
从 一系列 具体 的 问题 出发
from|a series of|specific|attributive marker|problems|start
Starting from a series of specific problems.
重新 审视 这一 挑战
re-|examine|this|challenge
Re-examine this challenge.
实际上
in fact
In fact.
这些 问题 只要 能 得到 恰当 的 定位
these|questions|as long as|can|get|appropriate|attributive marker|positioning
These problems can be properly addressed as long as they are accurately identified.
并且 为 人们 所 真正 理解 是 能够 注意 得到 解决 的
and|for|people|that|truly|understand|is|able to|pay attention|obtain|solve|attributive marker
And if they are truly understood by people, they can be noticed and resolved.
可是 遗憾 的 是
but|regret|attributive marker|is
However, it is regrettable that...
关于 贫穷 的 病人 往往 不是 这样 展开 的
about|poverty|attributive marker|patients|often|not|this way|unfold|attributive marker
the issues concerning poor patients are often not presented in this way.
很多 侃侃而谈 的 专家
|kể chuyện một cách tự tin||
many|speak frankly|attributive marker|expert
Many experts speak eloquently about it.
并 没有 讨论 怎样 脱离 贫穷 这个 小 问题
and|not|discuss|how|escape|poverty|this|small|problem
There was no discussion on how to escape from the small problem of poverty.
而是 专注 于 那些 所谓 的大 问题
but rather|focus|on|those|so-called|big|problems
Instead, the focus was on those so-called big issues.
像是 贫穷 的 最终 原因 是 什么
like|poverty|attributive marker|ultimate|reason|is|what
Such as what the ultimate cause of poverty is.
我们 应该 在 多大程度 上 信任 自由市场
||||mức độ lớn||
we|should|at|to what extent|on|trust|free market
To what extent should we trust the free market?
穷人 能够 受益 于 民主制 吧
||||chế độ dân chủ|
poor people|can|benefit|from|democracy|right
Can the poor benefit from democracy?
外来 援助 可以 发挥 什么样 的 作用 等等
foreign|aid|can|play|what kind of|attributive marker|role|etc
What role can foreign aid play, etc.
联合国 顾问
United Nations|advisor
United Nations advisor
纽约 哥伦比亚大学 的 地球 研究所 的 主任
New York|Columbia University|attributive marker|Earth|research institute|attributive marker|director
Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York
萨克斯 同样 也 是 一位 贫穷 问题 专家
Saxophone|||||||
Sax|similarly|also|is|one|poverty|problem|expert
Sachs is also an expert on poverty issues
他 对 贫穷 的 回答 是 贫穷 国家 之所以 贫穷
he|to|poverty|attributive marker|answer|is|poverty|country|the reason why|poverty
His answer to poverty is that poor countries are poor because of...
原因 就 在于 这些 国家 往往 都 是 气候 炎热 、土地 贫瘠 、猛击 四月 、四周 被 陆地 所 包围 !
|||||||||nóng bức|||vào tháng Tư||||||
reason|just|lies in|these|countries|often|all|are|climate|hot|land|barren|hit hard|April|all around|surrounded by|land|is|surrounded
The reason lies in the fact that these countries are often characterized by hot climates, barren land, harsh conditions in April, and being surrounded by land!
因此 没有 那些 大量 的 原始 资助 来 解决 这些 地方性 的 问题 , 这些 国家 很难 提高 自己 的 生产力 。
Therefore, without substantial initial funding to address these local issues, it is difficult for these countries to improve their productivity.
然而 ,这 些 国家 的 却 因为 贫穷 无法 支付 投资 回报
however|these|plural marker|countries|attributive marker|but|because|poverty|unable to|pay|investment|returns
However, these countries are unable to pay for investment returns due to their poverty.
这 就是 经济学家 们 所谓 的 贫穷 陷阱 !
this|is|economist|plural marker|so-called|attributive marker|poverty|trap
This is what economists refer to as the poverty trap!
除非 这些 问题 的 解决 能够 落到 实处
||||||thực hiện được|
unless|these|problems|attributive marker|solutions|can|be implemented|reality
Unless the solutions to these problems can be effectively implemented.
否则 无论是 自由市场 还是 民主制 ,其实 都 帮不上 什么 大忙 。
|||||||giúp được||lợi ích lớn
otherwise|whether it is|free market|or|democracy|actually|all|cannot help|any|big help
Otherwise, whether it is a free market or a democracy, it actually cannot help much.
外来 援助 之所以 重要
foreign|aid|the reason why|important
The reason why foreign aid is important
就 在于 它 能 启动 一种 良性 循环
just|depends on|it|can|start|one kind of|positive|cycle
lies in its ability to initiate a virtuous cycle.
也 就是 辅助 穷国 在 关键 领域 投资
|||quốc gia nghèo||||
also|is|assist|poor countries|in|key|areas|invest
That is to assist poor countries in investing in key areas,
从而 提高 生产力
thus|improve|productivity
thereby increasing productivity.
由此 而 产生 的 更 高 收入 会 带来 更多 的 投资 收益
from this|and|generate|attributive marker|higher|high|income|will|bring|more|attributive marker|investment|returns
The higher income generated from this will bring more investment returns.
将 导致 螺旋状 的 上升
||xoắn ốc||
will|cause|spiral-shaped|attributive marker|rise
This will lead to a spiral upward.
那么 同样 也 有人 认为 援助 的 弊 大于 利
then|similarly|also|some people|believe|aid|attributive marker|harm|greater than|benefit
Then there are also those who believe that the disadvantages of aid outweigh the benefits.
因为 援助 使 人们 停止 寻找 自己 解决 问题 的方法
|sự援助||||||||
because|aid|make|people|stop|seek|self|solve|problems|methods
Because aid causes people to stop looking for their own solutions to problems.
腐蚀 地方 机构
corrosion|local|institution
It corrupts local institutions.
并且 削弱 其 作用
and|weaken|its|effect
And weaken its effect.
导致 一些 援助 机构 形同虚设
lead to|some|aid|organizations|exist in name only
This leads to some aid organizations being virtually ineffective.
对于 贫穷 国家 来说
For poor countries,
最好 遵循 一个 简单 的 原则
|tuân theo||||
best|follow|one|simple|attributive marker|principle
it is best to follow a simple principle.
那 就是 只要 有 自由市场 和 恰当 的 奖励机制
that|is|as long as|have|free market|and|appropriate|attributive marker|incentive mechanism
That is, as long as there is a free market and appropriate incentive mechanisms.
人们 就 能 自己 找到 解决 问题 的方法
people|then|can|themselves|find|solve|problems|methods
People can find their own ways to solve problems.
避免 接受 外国人 或者 是 自己 政府 的 施舍
tránh||||||||sự bố thí
avoid|accept|foreigners|or|is|own|government|attributive marker|charity
Avoid accepting charity from foreigners or their own government.
从 这个 意义 上 来 讲 的
from|this|meaning|on|come|speak|attributive marker
In this sense.
在 看待 世界 运转 的 方式 之上
at|view|world|operate|attributive marker|way|on top of
In terms of how the world operates.
对 援助 是 以 悲观 态度 的 人 实际上 的 表现 的 颇为 乐观
||||||||||||khá|
towards|aid|is|with|pessimistic|attitude|attributive marker|people|in fact|attributive marker|performance|attributive marker|quite|optimistic
Those who have a pessimistic attitude towards aid actually show a rather optimistic outlook.
而 埃斯特 例子 认为
|Esther||
and|Esther|example|believe
And Esther's example suggests
贫穷 陷阱 其实 并 不 存在
poverty|trap|actually|not|not|exist
that the poverty trap actually does not exist.
那么 我们 到底 应该 相信 谁 呢
so|we|actually|should|believe|who|emphasis marker
So, who should we believe?
是 相信 那些 认为 援助 能够 解决 问题 的 人
is|believe|those|think|aid|can|solve|problems|attributive marker|people
Should we believe those who think that aid can solve the problem,
还是 相信 那些 认为 援助 只能 使 问题 恶化 的人
||||||||xấu đi|
still|believe|those|think|aid|can only|make|problem|worsen|people
or those who believe that aid can only worsen the problem?
这 一 问题 无法 从 理论 上 得以 解决
this|one|problem|cannot|from|theory|on|be able to|solve
This problem cannot be solved theoretically.
我们 需要 的 其实 是 证据
we|need|attributive marker|actually|is|evidence
What we actually need is evidence.
但是 那种 常常 用来 解答 大 问题 的 数据
but|that kind of|often|used to|answer|big|question|attributive marker|data
However, the data that is often used to answer big questions
并 不能 得到 人们 的 信任
and|cannot|gain|people's|attributive marker|trust
cannot gain people's trust.
针对 世界 上 几百个 国家 的数据 表明
|||hàng trăm|||
regarding|world|on|hundreds of|countries|data|indicate
Data from hundreds of countries around the world indicates that.
接受 更 多 援助 的 国家 并不 比 其他 国家 发展 的 要 快
||||||không hơn|||||||
accept|more|many|aid|attributive marker|country|not|than|other|countries|develop|attributive marker|more|fast
Countries that receive more aid do not develop faster than others.
这 常常 被 认为 是 援助 无用 的 依据
||||||vô ích||
this|often|is|considered|as|aid|useless|attributive marker|basis
This is often considered as evidence that aid is useless.
但是 实际上 ,这 也 可能 意味着 相反 的 观点
but|in fact|this|also|may|mean|opposite|attributive marker|viewpoint
However, in reality, this may also imply the opposite viewpoint.
或许 援助 使 某些 国家 避免 了 一场 灾难
|||||tránh|||
perhaps|aid|make|certain|countries|avoid|past tense marker|one|disaster
Perhaps aid has helped certain countries avoid a disaster.
没有 援助 的话 情况 可能 会 更 早
without|assistance|if|situation|might|will|more|early
Without aid, the situation might have worsened earlier.
然而 对此 我们 并 不 了解
however|regarding this|we|not|not|understand
However, we do not understand this.
只是 在 泛泛 的 猜测 而已
||hời hợt|||
just|at|vague|attributive marker|guess|only
It's just a vague guess.
那么 假设 如果 没有 援助 或者 反对 援助 的 依据
then|assume|if|without|aid|or|oppose|aid|attributive marker|basis
So, let's assume that there is no basis for aid or opposition to aid.
我们 又 该 怎么 办 呢
we|again|should|how|do|emphasis marker
What should we do then?
要 放弃 穷人 嘛
want|give up|poor people|emphasis marker
Should we give up on the poor?
这种 失败主义 的 态度 绝对 不是 我们 所 应该 持有 的
This attitude of defeatism is absolutely not what we should hold.
实际上 这种 情况 下 到底 应该 怎么 做
in fact|this kind of|situation|under|after all|should|how|do
In fact, what should we do in this situation?
这个 问题 的 答案 其实 是 可以 找到 的
The answer to this question can actually be found.
只谈 世界 上 存在 什么 问题
chỉ nói về|||||
only talk about|world|on|exist|what|problems
Only discussing what problems exist in the world,
而 不 去 谈 可行 的 解决方案
but|not|go|talk|feasible|attributive marker|solution
and not talking about feasible solutions.
这样 的 只能 导致 社会 的 瘫痪
||||||tê liệt
this way|attributive marker|can only|lead to|society|attributive marker|paralysis
This can only lead to the paralysis of society.
而 并非 是 一种 进步
but|not|is|a kind of|progress
And it is not a form of progress.
因此 ,真正 有用 的 方法 是 从 实际 问题 的 角度 去 思考
therefore|truly|useful|attributive marker|method|is|from|practical|problem|attributive marker|perspective|to|think
Therefore, the truly useful approach is to think from the perspective of actual problems.
这样 就 可以 有 针对性 地 找出 解决 具体 问题 的方法
||||tính nhắm mục tiêu||||||
this way|then|can|have|targeted|adverbial marker|find out|solve|specific|problem|methods
This way, we can specifically identify methods to solve concrete issues.
而 不是 空谈 外来 援助 。
but|not|empty talk|foreign|aid
And not just talk about foreign aid.
本书 正是 建立 在 这样 一种 知识 体系 之上
this book|precisely|established|on|such|one kind of|knowledge|system|on top of
This book is built upon such a knowledge system.
其中 谈到 了 大量 的 材料
among them|mentioned|past tense marker|a large amount of|attributive marker|materials
It discusses a large amount of material.
都 是 来源于 作者 以及 其他人 所 开展 的 随机 对照 实验
|||||||||thí nghiệm đối chứng ngẫu nhiên||
all|are|come from|author|and|other people|that|conduct|attributive marker|random|control|trial
Much of it comes from randomized controlled trials conducted by the author and others.
同时 也 通过 其他 渠道 掌握 了 一些 证据
at the same time|also|through|other|channels|grasp|past tense marker|some|evidence
At the same time, some evidence has been gathered through other channels.
包括 从 质 和 量 的 角度 来 描述 穷人 究竟 是 怎样 生活 的 。
||chất||số lượng||||||||||
include|from|quality|and|quantity|attributive marker|perspective|to|describe|poor people|exactly|is|how|live|attributive marker
This includes descriptions of how the poor actually live from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives.
研究 一些 特定 机构 是 怎样 运转 , 以及 哪些 政策 有效 , 哪些 政策 无效 的 各类 证明 。
Research on how certain specific institutions operate, as well as which policies are effective and which are ineffective.
他们 所 采用 的 研究 其实 都 有 一个 共同点
they|that|adopt|attributive marker|research|actually|all|have|one|common point
The research they adopt actually has a common point.
也 就是 表现 了 科学 的 强大 力量
also|is exactly|demonstrate|past tense marker|science|attributive marker|powerful|force
That is, it demonstrates the powerful strength of science.
接受 有关 资料 结论 的 开放性
|||||tính mở
accept|related to|data|conclusion|attributive marker|openness
Openness to the conclusions of relevant data.
以及 关注 穷人 生活 特点 的 具体 问题
and|focus on|poor people|life|characteristics|attributive marker|specific|issues
And attention to the specific issues concerning the characteristics of the lives of the poor.
贫穷 陷阱 并 不是 存在 于 每个 领域
poverty|trap|not|is not|exist|in|every|field
The poverty trap does not exist in every field.
而 这些 资料 将 表明 我们 应该 在 每种 情况下 担心 陷入 贫穷 陷阱
||||||||||||rơi vào|
but|these|data|will|indicate|we|should|in|every kind of|situation|worry|fall into|poverty|trap
And this data will indicate that we should be concerned about falling into the poverty trap in every situation.
想要 制定 出 有效 的 政策 ? 那么 就 有 必要 来 正确 的 回答 这些 问题
Want to formulate effective policies? Then it is necessary to correctly answer these questions.
经济学家 以及 其他 专家
economist|and|other|experts
Economists and other experts.
总是 在 谈论 哪些 国家 的 经济 在 增长
always|at|talk about|which|countries|attributive marker|economy|in|growth
Always talk about which countries' economies are growing.
哪些 国家 的 经济 没有 增长
which|countries|attributive marker|economy|not|growth
Which countries' economies have not grown?
这 看上去 没有 任何 用处
this|looks like|does not have|any|use
This seems to be of no use.
一些 国家 由 经济 瘫痪 转变 为 经济 奇迹
some|countries|from|economy|paralysis|transform|into|economic|miracle
Some countries have transformed from economic paralysis to economic miracles.
另 一些 国家 的 经济 从 模仿 沦落 到 了 谷底
|||||||rơi vào|||thung lũng
other|some|countries|attributive marker|economy|from|imitation|fall|to|past tense marker|lowest point
The economies of some other countries have fallen from imitation to the bottom.
咱们 回顾 过去
|hồi tưởng quá khứ|
we|review|past
Let's look back at the past.
我们 总能 找出 合理 的 理由 去 解释 过去 发生 的 事情
we|always able to|find out|reasonable|attributive marker|reason|to|explain|past|happen|attributive marker|things
We can always find reasonable reasons to explain what happened in the past.
但是 事实 情况 是
but|fact|situation|is
But the fact is,
在 大多数 情况 下
in|most|situations|under
in most cases,
我们 很 难 预测 哪个 国家 的 经济 会 增长 也 不 明白
we|very|difficult|predict|which|country|attributive marker|economy|will|grow|also|not|understand
it is difficult for us to predict which country's economy will grow and we do not understand,
为什么 有些 事情 会 忽然 发生
why|some|things|will|suddenly|happen
why some things happen suddenly.
人们 需要 长久 致力于 摆脱 贫穷
people|need|long-term|committed to|get rid of|poverty
People need to be committed to getting rid of poverty for a long time.
如果 不幸 和 挫折
if|misfortune|and|setback
If misfortune and setbacks,
不请 自来
không mời tự đến|
uninvited|come
come uninvited,
气氛 与 暴力 占据 了 上风
|||||thế thượng phong
atmosphere|and|violence|occupy|past tense marker|upper hand
and the atmosphere and violence prevail,
那么 能否 摆脱 贫困
so|whether can|get rid of|poverty
then can one escape poverty?
我们 尚 不 可知
|||có thể biết
we|still|not|know
We do not yet know.
一种 有效 的 社会 政策 可以 使 人们 远离 失败
one type|effective|attributive marker|social|policy|can|make|people|stay away from|failure
An effective social policy can keep people away from failure.
因为 他们 觉得 自己 不会 失去 什么
because|they|feel|themselves|will not|lose|anything
Because they feel they have nothing to lose.
要 让 国家 在 其 所处 的 时代 腾飞
|||||đang ở|||
want|let|country|in|its|situated|attributive marker|era|take off
To let a country soar in its era,
那么 这样 的 政策 或许 就是 关键 的 一步
so|this kind of|attributive marker|policy|perhaps|is|key|attributive marker|step
such a policy might be the key step.
但是 如果 国家 政策 不能 带来 经济 增长
but|if|country|policy|cannot|bring|economic|growth
However, if national policies cannot bring about economic growth.
那么 尽 一切 可能 的 来 提高 穷人 的 生活 质量
then|to the utmost|all|possible|attributive marker|to|improve|poor people|attributive marker|living|quality
Then do everything possible to improve the quality of life for the poor.
不再 等待 经济 刺激 将 是 大势所趋
||||||xu thế lớn
no longer|wait|economic|stimulus|will|be|trend
No longer waiting for economic stimulus will be the trend.
书中 第一章 对 道德 问题 的 讨论
|chương một|||||
in the book|chapter one|on|moral|issue|attributive marker|discussion
The discussion of moral issues in the first chapter of the book.
是 我们 在 某种 程度 上 知道 了 如何 摆脱 贫困
is|we|at|certain|degree|on|know|past tense marker|how|get rid of|poverty
Is that we have, to some extent, learned how to escape poverty.
我们 不能 容忍 浪费 穷人 的 财产 和 生命 。
||chịu đựng||||||
we|cannot|tolerate|waste|poor people|attributive marker|property|and|life
We cannot tolerate the waste of the property and lives of the poor.
正如 本书 所 讨论 的 :
just as|this book|that|discuss|attributive marker
As discussed in this book:
尽管 我们 没有 根除 贫困 ,但是 我们 知道 有些 事情 或许 可以 改善 穷人 的 生活 。
|||xóa bỏ||||||||||||
although|we|have not|eradicate|poverty|but|we|know|some|things|perhaps|can|improve|poor people|attributive marker|life
Although we have not eradicated poverty, we know that there are some things that may improve the lives of the poor.
具体 地 ,咱们 可以 从 四个 方面 来 分析 :
specific|adverb marker|we|can|from|four|aspects|to|analyze
Specifically, we can analyze from four aspects:
第一个 方面
first|aspect
The first aspect
第一个 方面 就是 穷人 通常 缺少 信息 来源
first|aspect|is|poor people|usually|lack|information|sources
The first aspect is that poor people often lack sources of information.
容易 相信 那些 错误 的 事情
easy|believe|those|wrong|attributive marker|things
They are easily led to believe in those false things.
比如说 我们 不 清楚 给 儿童 接种 疫苗 的 好处
||||||tiêm chủng|||
for example|we|not|clear|to|children|vaccinate|vaccine|attributive marker|benefits
For example, we are unclear about the benefits of vaccinating children.
不 明白 基础教育 的 重要性
not|understand|basic education|attributive marker|importance
We do not understand the importance of basic education.
不 知道 该 使用 多少 化肥
|||||phân bón
not|know|should|use|how much|fertilizer
We do not know how much fertilizer to use.
更 不 知道 哪 种 方法 最 易 染上 艾滋病
||||||dễ nhất|nhiễm||
more|not|know|which|kind|method|most|easily|contract|AIDS
I don't know which method is the easiest to contract HIV.
也 不 知道 政治家 们 每天 都 在 做些 什么 !
also|not|know|politician|plural marker|every day|all|at|do some|what
I also don't know what politicians do every day!
当 有 一天 他们 发现 那些 坚定不移 地 信念 是 错误 的 时候 ,他们 就 会 做出 错误 的 决定
when|there is|one day|they|discover|those|unwavering|adverb marker|beliefs|are|wrong|attributive marker|time|they|then|will|make|wrong|attributive marker|decisions
When one day they discover that those unwavering beliefs are wrong, they will make wrong decisions.
而 这些 决定 有时 就 会 引起 很 严重 的 后果 。
but|these|decisions|sometimes|just|will|cause|very|serious|attributive marker|consequences
And these decisions can sometimes lead to very serious consequences.
第二个 方面
second|aspect
The second aspect.
第二个 方面 就是 穷人 肩负着 生活 中 的 多种 责任 。
||||gánh vác|||||
second|aspect|is|poor people|bear|life|in|attributive marker|various|responsibilities
The second aspect is that the poor bear multiple responsibilities in life.
你 越 富有 越 容易 做 正确 的 决定 !
you|the more|wealthy|the more|easier|to make|correct|attributive marker|decisions
The richer you are, the easier it is to make the right decisions!
从来 没有 自来水 ,因此 ,当 市政府 对 水 进行 绿化 的时候 ,他们 不能 受益 ,
||nước máy|||thị chính|nước|||||||
never|have not|tap water|therefore|when|city government|to|water|carry out|greening|time|they|cannot|benefit
There has never been tap water, so when the city government greenlights water, they cannot benefit from it,
他们 买不起 速溶 的 强化 营养型 麦片 , 因此 不得不 想 办法 确保 自己 以及 孩子 得到 足够 的 营养 。
They cannot afford instant fortified nutritional cereals, so they have to find ways to ensure that they and their children get enough nutrition.
他们 没有 自动 扣除 功能 的 储蓄 计划
they|do not have|automatic|deduction|function|attributive marker|savings|plan
They do not have a savings plan with automatic deductions.
比如 退休 计划 或者 是 社会保障
|||||an sinh xã hội
for example|retirement|plan|or|is|social security
For example, retirement plans or social security.
因此 他们 只要 想 办法 存 一些 钱 。
therefore|they|as long as|think|method|save|some|money
Therefore, they just need to find ways to save some money.
做 这些 决定 是 困难 的 。
make|these|decisions|is|difficult|attributive marker
Making these decisions is difficult.
有 它 需要 人们 考虑 当下 或者 前期 做出 少量 的 付出 而 回报 却 很 可能 在 遥远 的 未来 。
|||||||giai đoạn đầu|||||||||||||
have|it|need|people|consider|present|or|early stage|make|small amount|attributive marker|investment|but|return|yet|very|likely|in|distant|attributive marker|future
It requires people to consider the present or make a small investment upfront, while the returns are likely to be in the distant future.
人们 拖延 的 习惯 会 把 事情 搞砸 !
|||||||làm hỏng
people|procrastination|attributive marker|habit|will|emphasis marker|things|mess up
People's habit of procrastination can mess things up!
那么 对于 穷人 更为 麻烦 的 是 他们 的 生活 本来 就 很 困难 。
then|for|poor people|even more|troublesome|attributive marker|is|they|attributive marker|life|originally|already|very|difficult
So for the poor, what is even more troublesome is that their lives are already very difficult.
他们 中 的 一些 人 做着 竞争 激烈 的小本生意 ,
they|among|attributive marker|some|people|are doing|competition|fierce|small-scale business
Some of them are engaged in fiercely competitive small businesses,
剩下 的 大部分 人 去 打 散工 ,
|||||việc làm tạm thời|
remaining|attributive marker|most|people|go|do|odd jobs
while the majority of the rest do odd jobs,
总 要 为 找到 下一个 工作 而 发愁 。
||||tiếp theo|||
always|need|for|find|next|job|and|worry
always worrying about finding the next job.
第三个 方面
third|aspect
The third aspect
第三个 方面 是 一些 服务 于 穷人 的 市场 正在 消失 ,
third|aspect|is|some|service|to|poor people|attributive marker|market|is|disappearing
The third aspect is that some markets serving the poor are disappearing,
或是 在 这些 市场 当中 穷人 处于 不利 的 地位 。
or|in|these|markets|among|poor people|are in|disadvantageous|attributive marker|position
or the poor are in a disadvantaged position in these markets.
穷人 存款 所 得到 的 利息 是 负利息 ,但是 贷款 的 利息 却 很 高 !
|||||||lãi suất âm|||||||
poor people|savings|that|receive|attributive marker|interest|is|negative interest|but|loan|attributive marker|interest|however|very|high
The interest earned on deposits by the poor is negative, but the interest on loans is very high!
针对 穷人 的 医疗保险 市场 尚未 健全 ,尽管 医疗 问题 给 他们 的 生活 带来 了 很大 的 影响 。
|||bảo hiểm y tế|||||||||||||||
targeting|poor people|attributive marker|health insurance|market|not yet|sound|although|medical|issues|to|them|attributive marker|life|bring|past tense marker|significant|attributive marker|impact
The health insurance market for the poor is not yet well-established, even though health issues have a significant impact on their lives.
第四个 方面
fourth|aspect
The fourth aspect
第四个 方面 是 贫穷 的 国家 不会 因为 贫穷 或者 是 不堪回首 的 历史 而 注定 失败 ,
|||||||||||không thể nhìn lại|||||
fourth|aspect|is|poor|attributive marker|country|will not|because|poverty|or|is|unbearable to look back on|attributive marker|history|and|destined|failure
The fourth aspect is that poor countries are not destined to fail because of poverty or a troubled history.
的确 在 这些 国家 事情 很 难 办成 :
||||||hoàn thành|
indeed|in|these|countries|things|very|difficult|get done
Indeed, it is very difficult to get things done in these countries.
一项 关于 帮助 穷人 的 计划 ,由于 某些 人 的 接受 而 失败 !
one|about|help|poor people|attributive marker|plan|due to|certain|people|attributive marker|acceptance|and|fail
A program aimed at helping the poor fails due to the acceptance of certain individuals!
教师 教学 散漫 ,建筑 施工 时 偷工减料 ,车辆 超载 一直 道路 塌陷 等等
||lỏng lẻo||||||||||
teacher|teaching|lax|construction|construction work|time|cut corners|vehicles|overloading|continuously|roads|collapse|etc
Teachers are lax in their teaching, construction work cuts corners, vehicles are overloaded, and roads collapse, etc.
这些 事件 几乎 与 那些 精英 们 的 经济 阴谋 无关 。
these|events|almost|with|those|elites|plural marker|attributive marker|economic|conspiracy|unrelated
These incidents are almost unrelated to the economic conspiracies of those elites.
主要 是 由于 制定 政策 的 时候 出现 的 错误 造成 的 , 包括 无知 、 意识形态 和 惯性 。
It is mainly due to the mistakes made when formulating policies, including ignorance, ideology, and inertia.
改变 人们 的 期望 是 不 容易 的 ,但是 却 并 不是 不 可能 实现 。
change|people's|attributive marker|expectations|is|not|easy|attributive marker|but|however|not|is not|not|possible|achieve
Changing people's expectations is not easy, but it is not impossible to achieve.
就 像是 当 看到 村里 出现 了 女 官员 时
just|like|when|see|in the village|appear|past tense marker|female|official|time
Just like when the village sees a female official,
村民 们 不 仅 不再 歧视 女 政治家
||||phân biệt đối xử|||
villagers|plural marker|not|only|no longer|discriminate|female|politician
the villagers not only no longer discriminate against female politicians,
甚至 开始 认为 自己 的 女儿 也 具备 这种 发展潜力 一样 。
even|start|believe|oneself|attributive marker|daughter|also|possess|this kind of|development potential|the same
but even begin to believe that their own daughters also have this potential for development.
而且 更加 重要 的 是 ,成功 能 带来 更大 的 成功 !
moreover|even more|important|attributive marker|is|success|can|bring|greater|attributive marker|success
Moreover, what is even more important is that success can lead to greater success!
当 一种 情况 得到 改善 时 ,
when|one kind of|situation|get|improvement|time
When a situation improves,
这种 改善 的 本身 就 会 影响 人们 的 信念 和 行为 !
this kind of|improvement|attributive marker|itself|just|will|affect|people|attributive marker|beliefs|and|behavior
the improvement itself will influence people's beliefs and behaviors!
因此 在 启动 一个 良性 循环 的 时候 ,
||||chu trình tuần hoàn tích cực|||
therefore|in|start|one|positive|cycle|attributive marker|time
Therefore, when initiating a virtuous cycle,
人们 不 应该 害怕 必要 的 付出 ,包括 现金 !
people|not|should|be afraid of|necessary|attributive marker|effort|including|cash
people should not be afraid of necessary contributions, including cash!
除了 上述 的 四个 原因 ,
apart from|aforementioned|attributive marker|four|reasons
In addition to the four reasons mentioned above,
我们 还有 很多 本 应该 知道 但是 却 不 知道 的 事情 !
we|still have|many|books|should|know|but|yet|not|know|attributive marker|things
there are many things we should know but do not!
为什么 穷人 会 越来越 穷
why|poor people|will|more and more|poor
Why do the poor become poorer?
而 我们 本身 却 没有 这些 穷人 的 特质 ?
but|we|itself|however|do not have|these|poor people|attributive marker|traits
And why do we not possess the traits of these poor people?
万一 哪 一天 我们 也 变 穷 了 ,是不是 因为 这些 原因 造成 的 呢 ?
|||||trở nên nghèo|||||||||
in case|which|day|we|also|become|poor|emphasis marker|is it not|because|these|reasons|cause|attributive marker|question marker
If one day we also become poor, could it be due to these reasons?
如何 去 让 自己 不 陷入 贫穷 的 陷阱 当中 ?
how|to|make|oneself|not|fall into|poverty|attributive marker|trap|among
How to avoid falling into the trap of poverty?
在 2005 年 ,全球 有 8点65 亿 的 人口 每天 只 靠 99 美分 生活 。
||||||||||cent||
at|year 2005|worldwide|have|||attributive marker|population|every day|only|rely on|99 cents|live
In 2005, there were 865 million people worldwide living on just 99 cents a day.
他们 占 了 世界 总人口 的 13% !
they|account for|past tense marker|world|total population|attributive marker
They accounted for 13% of the world's total population!
每天 99 美分 的 生活 就 意味着 你 接收 信息 的 渠道 也 会 受限 !
every day|cents|attributive marker|life|just|means|you|receive|information|attributive marker|channel|also|will|be limited
Living on 99 cents a day means that your channels for receiving information will also be limited!
因为 这 点 钱 你 肯定 先 拿来 消费 买 吃 的 以 保证 生存 ,
because|this|amount|money|you|definitely|first|take|spend|buy|food|attributive marker|in order to|ensure|survival
Because with that little money, you will definitely prioritize spending it on food to ensure survival,
而 无法 购买 报纸 ,电视 和 书籍 。
but|unable to|purchase|newspaper|television|and|books
and unable to purchase newspapers, television, and books.
因此 ,你 常常 会 对 世界 上 其他人 得到 的 特定 信息 一无所知 ,
therefore|you|often|will|about|world|on|other people|get|attributive marker|specific|information|know nothing
Therefore, you often remain unaware of specific information that others in the world receive,
而 无知 ,认知 的 ,信息 不 对称 ,
but|ignorance|cognition|attributive marker|information|not|symmetry
and ignorance, cognitive, and information asymmetry,
就 会 间接 的 影响 着 你 的 生活 与 财富 ,让 你 越来越 穷 。
just|will|indirectly|attributive marker|affect|ongoing action marker|you|attributive marker|life|and|wealth|make|you|more and more|poor
will indirectly affect your life and wealth, making you poorer.
我们 不能 保证 消除 贫困 。
we|cannot|guarantee|eliminate|poverty
We cannot guarantee the elimination of poverty.
一旦 我们 承认 这 一点 ,我们 就 获得 了 充足 的 时间 。
once|we|admit|this|point|we|then|gain|past tense marker|sufficient|attributive marker|time
Once we acknowledge this point, we gain ample time.
贫困 已经 跟随 了 我们 几千年 !
poverty|already|follow|emphasis marker|us|thousands of years
Poverty has followed us for thousands of years!
如果 我们 打算 在 50 年 或者 是 一百 年 内 消除 贫困 ,那 就 行动 起来 !
if|we|plan|in|years|or|is|one hundred|years|within|eliminate|poverty|then|just|take action|up
If we intend to eliminate poverty in 50 years or a hundred years, then let's take action!
至少 我们 不能 再 假装 已经 找到 了 解决 的 办法 。
at least|we|cannot|again|pretend|already|find|past tense marker|solution|attributive marker|method
At the very least, we can no longer pretend that we have found a solution.
我们 应该 与 全球 其他人 一起 联手 ,
we|should|with|global|others|together|join forces
We should join forces with others around the globe,
让 这个 世界 再也 没有 人 每天 依靠 99 美分 来 生活 。
let|this|world|no longer|without|people|every day|rely on|cents|to|live
Let this world no longer have people living on 99 cents a day.
那么 接下来 我 将 通过 十个 维度 为 你 解读 穷人 的 特点 :
||||||khía cạnh|||giải thích|||
then|next|I|will|through|ten|dimensions|for|you|interpret|poor people|attributive marker|characteristics
Next, I will interpret the characteristics of the poor through ten dimensions:
首先 我们 来 说 一说 无知 !
first|we|come|talk|briefly|ignorance
First, let's talk about ignorance!
因为 无知 ,所以 穷人 认为 打 疫苗 是 一件 没有 用 的 事情 !
because|ignorance|therefore|poor people|believe|get|vaccine|is|one|useless|use|attributive marker|thing
Because of ignorance, the poor believe that getting vaccinated is a useless thing!
那么 他们 的 孩子 将来 得病 的 几率 就 会 远 高于 有 打过 疫苗 的 孩子 。
|||||||xác suất|||xa hơn||tiêm||||
so|they|attributive marker|children|in the future|get sick|attributive marker|probability|then|will|far|higher than|have|vaccinated|vaccine|attributive marker|children
As a result, their children will have a much higher chance of getting sick in the future compared to those who have been vaccinated.
也就是说 ,父母 承受 的 经济 损失 就 越 大 。
||||thiệt hại kinh tế||||
that is to say|parents|bear|attributive marker|economic|loss|then|the more|big
That is to say, the economic losses borne by parents are greater.
比如 将来 要 付出 更 多 的 医疗费 。
|||||||chi phí y tế
for example|in the future|will|pay|more|many|attributive marker|medical expenses
For example, they will have to pay more medical expenses in the future.
其次 ,从 意识 层面 来说 :
secondly|from|consciousness|level|in terms of
Secondly, from a consciousness perspective:
穷人 因为 意识 层面 的 问题 , 自身 的 眼界 、 认识水平 、 理解能力 、 信息 不 对称 等等 的 原因 ,
Poor people, due to issues at the level of consciousness, such as their own vision, level of understanding, comprehension ability, and information asymmetry, etc.,
不能 理解 极其 复杂 的 保险 是 怎么 一 回事 。
cannot|understand|extremely|complex|attributive marker|insurance|is|how|one|matter
cannot understand how extremely complex insurance works.
所以 对 保险 的 意识 还 停留 在 保险公司 ,毫无 作用 而且 是 骗人 的 ,这个 认知 层面 之上 。
|||||||||không có tác dụng|||||||||
so|towards|insurance|attributive marker|awareness|still|remain|at|insurance company|completely without|effect|moreover|is|deceptive|attributive marker|this|cognitive|level|above
So the awareness of insurance still remains at the level of insurance companies, which is completely ineffective and deceptive, beyond this cognitive level.
由于 对 复杂 的 保险 难以 理解 就 更 不 愿意 去 接触 。
||||bảo hiểm||||||||
due to|to|complex|attributive marker|insurance|difficult to|understand|then|even|not|willing|to|contact
Due to the difficulty in understanding complex insurance, people are even less willing to engage with it.
所以 并 不知道 保险 有 对冲 风险 的 作用 。
||bảo hiểm||đối冲||||
so|not|know|insurance|have|hedge|risk|attributive marker|function
Therefore, they are unaware of the risk-hedging function of insurance.
最终 只能 通过 自己 身单力薄 的 力量 去 对抗 风险 。
||||thân cô thế cô|||||
ultimately|can only|through|oneself|weak and powerless|attributive marker|strength|to|combat|risks
In the end, they can only rely on their own limited strength to combat risks.
结果 遇到 一点 灾难 或者 是 疾病 的话 ,因为 没有 B型 手段 ,往往 就 会 造成 致命 的 打击 。
result|encounter|a little|disaster|or|is|disease|if|because|no|type B|means|often|just|will|cause|fatal|attributive marker|blow
As a result, when faced with a disaster or illness, the lack of B-type means often leads to a fatal blow.
雪 上 加 霜 ,穷人 之所以 穷 或者 变得 更 穷 ,就是 因为 避险 手段 太 落后 。
||||||nghèo hơn||||||||||
snow|on|add|frost|poor people|the reason why|poor|or|become|more|poor|is|because|risk avoidance|means|too|backward
Adding insult to injury, the reason why the poor are poor or become poorer is that their risk-avoidance methods are too outdated.
这 就 跟 有没有 建 堤坝 护 城墙 是 一样 的 道理 。
|||||đê chắn nước|bảo vệ|||||
this|just|with|whether or not|build|dam|protect|city wall|is|the same|attributive marker|principle
This is similar to whether or not there are levees to protect the city walls.
还有 就是 观念 层面
also|that is|concept|aspect
Then there is the aspect of mindset.
穷人 因为 观念 落后 ,往往 那 ,就 会 想着 生 一大堆 的 孩子 来 规避 养老 和 医疗 风险 。
poor people|because|concept|backward|often|then|just|will|think about|have|a lot of|attributive marker|children|to|avoid|old-age|and|medical|risks
The poor, due to outdated mindsets, often think that having a large number of children will help them avoid risks related to old age and medical care.
但是 结果 往往 是 不确定性 太多 :
but|result|often|is|uncertainty|too much
However, the result is often too much uncertainty:
比如 在 这个 过程 当中 ,有 的 孩子 早早 夭折 了 ,
|||||||||chết yểu|
for example|in|this|process|among|there are|attributive marker|children|early|die young|past tense marker
For example, during this process, some children die early,
而 有 的 孩子 长大 之后 与 他们 的 关系 并 不好
but|there are|attributive marker|children|grow up|after|with|their|attributive marker|relationship|not|good
while some children do not have a good relationship with them after growing up.
而 有 的 孩子 长大 之后 并 没有 能力 替 他们 养老 。
but|there are|attributive marker|children|grow up|after|and|do not have|ability|to replace|them|support in old age
And some children, after growing up, do not have the ability to support them in their old age.
所以 想 通过 生 更 多 的 孩子 来 规避 风险 ,这种 做法 往往 会 使 他们 变得 更加 的 贫穷 。
so|want|through|have|more|many|attributive marker|children|to|avoid|risks|this kind of|practice|often|will|make|them|become|even more|attributive marker|poverty
Therefore, trying to avoid risks by having more children often makes them even poorer.
再者 就是 借贷 层面
hơn nữa|||
furthermore|that is|lending and borrowing|aspect
Furthermore, there is the aspect of borrowing.
穷人 借钱 通常 就 会 去 借 高利贷 ,
|||||||cho vay nặng lãi
poor people|borrow money|usually|then|will|go|borrow|payday loans
Poor people usually go to borrow from loan sharks.
因为 银行 考虑 到 风险 的 原因 ,不 愿意 把 钱 借 给 穷人 !
because|bank|consider|to|risk|attributive marker|reason|not|willing|to|money|lend|to|poor people
This is because banks are unwilling to lend money to poor people due to the risks involved.
所以 穷人 只要 借钱 就 会 找到 民间 的 高利贷 。
|||||||||cho vay nặng lãi
so|poor people|as long as|borrow money|then|will|find|private|attributive marker|usury
So whenever poor people need to borrow money, they will turn to private loan sharks.
他们 本来 是 想 使用 高利贷 来 规避 可能 出现 的 灾害 风险 的 结果 ,
|||||cho vay nặng lãi|||||||||
they|originally|are|want|to use|usury|to|avoid|possible|to occur|attributive marker|disaster|risk|attributive marker|result
They originally intended to use loan sharks to avoid potential disaster risks.
因为 高利贷 的 高 利息 一损 皆 损 一荣 俱 荣 ,
||||lãi suất||||một người vinh quang thì tất cả cùng vinh quang||
because|usury|attributive marker|high|interest|one loss|all|lose|one honor|together|honor
Because with high-interest loans, if one suffers, all suffer; if one thrives, all thrive.
原本 不好过 的 生活 就 变得 更 不好过 了 。
originally|hard to live|attributive marker|life|then|become|even|harder to live|emphasis marker
Originally, the already difficult life became even harder.
再 来 看 一 看 眼界 层面
|xem xét|tầm nhìn||||
again|come|look|one|look|horizon|aspect
Let's take another look at the perspective.
穷人 因为 眼界 的 原因 不 做 远期 规划
|||||||dài hạn|
poor people|because|vision|attributive marker|reason|not|make|long-term|planning
Poor people do not make long-term plans due to their limited perspective.
比如说 穷人 对 教育 就 非常 地 不 重视
for example|poor people|towards|education|just|very|adverb marker|not|value
For example, poor people do not value education very much.
即使 很多 的 慈善 组织 跑来 给 他们 建 学校
even if|many|attributive marker|charity|organization|come running|to|them|build|school
Even though many charitable organizations come to build schools for them.
普及教育 的 好处
giáo dục phổ cập||
universal education|attributive marker|benefits
The benefits of universal education
家长 们 也 积极性 不高
|||tinh thần tích cực|
parents|plural marker|also|enthusiasm|not high
Parents are also not very motivated
因为 穷人 并 不 确定 十个 儿女
because|poor people|not|sure|certain|ten|children
Because the poor are not sure which of their ten children
里面 哪个 可能 会 给 他们 养老
||||||hưu trí
inside|which|possibly|will|provide|them|elderly care
might be able to support them in their old age
而 教育 是 一个 长期 的 投入
but|education|is|a|long-term|attributive marker|investment
And education is a long-term investment
要 很多年 之后 才能 看 得到 成效
||||||hiệu quả
need|many years|after|can only|see|obtain|results
It will take many years to see results.
让 穷人 去 赌 一个 遥遥无期 的 结果
|||||vô hạn vô kỳ||
let|poor people|go|gamble|one|indefinitely|attributive marker|result
Let the poor gamble on a distant outcome.
他们 觉得 要 冒 太大 的 风险
they|feel|need to|take|too big|attributive marker|risk
They feel that they have to take too great a risk.
他们 宁愿 把 钱 花到 马上 就 能 见效 的 事情 上
They would rather spend their money on things that can yield immediate results.
比如说 买点 食物 ,改善 一下 伙食 ,这种 身上
|||||thức ăn||
for example|buy some|food|improve|a bit|diet|this kind of|on the body
For example, buying some food to improve their diet, this kind of thing.
咱们 再 从 本末倒置 层面 来 分析 :
we|again|from|putting the cart before the horse|aspect|to|analyze
Let's analyze it from the perspective of putting the cart before the horse:
穷人 平常 不 舍得 花 点 小钱 来 预防 疾病
|||chịu chi|||||phòng ngừa|
poor people|usually|not|willing to spend|spend|a little|small money|to|prevent|diseases
Poor people usually don't want to spend a little money to prevent diseases.
而 等到 健康 真的 出现 了 大 的 问题 。
but|when|health|really|appear|past tense marker|big|attributive marker|problem
But when health really has a big problem,
他们 就 不惜 借钱 来 拼命 治疗
||không tiếc||||
they|just|spare no effort|borrow money|to|desperately|treat
they spare no effort to borrow money for desperate treatment.
比如 平时 不 舍得 办 健身卡
|||||thẻ gym
for example|usually|not|willing to spend|get|gym membership card
For example, they usually don't want to pay for a gym membership.
不 舍得 体检
||kiểm tra sức khỏe
not|willing to part with|physical examination
Reluctant to get a check-up
而 等到 身体 不 舒服 的 时候 检查 出来
|||||||kiểm tra|
but|until|body|not|comfortable|attributive marker|time|check|out
And wait until the body is uncomfortable to get checked
原来 是 得 了 大病
||||bệnh nặng
originally|is|have|past tense marker|serious illness
Only to find out that one has a serious illness
哪怕 是 晚期
even if|is|late stage
Even if it's late stage
全家人 都 会 四处 的 举债
|||||vay nợ
whole family|all|will|everywhere|attributive marker|incur debt
The whole family will go into debt everywhere
借钱 做 各种 最 昂贵 的 手术
borrow money|do|various|most|expensive|attributive marker|surgery
Borrowing money to undergo various expensive surgeries.
只 为 延长 哪怕 几个 月 的 生命 。
only|for|extend|even if|a few|months|attributive marker|life
Just to extend life for even a few more months.
那么 上述 又 可以 引申 到 短时 层面 :
||||||ngắn hạn|
then|above-mentioned|again|can|extend|to|short-term|level
This can also be extended to a short-term perspective:
穷人 喜欢 及时 享乐 !主要 原因 就是 信息 缺乏 导致 了 短视 。
poor people|like|timely|enjoy pleasure|main|reason|is|information|lack|lead to|past tense marker|shortsightedness
Poor people like to enjoy immediate pleasures! The main reason is the lack of information leading to short-sightedness.
他们 在 心里 面 想着 :本来 日子 就 过 得 很 苦 了 ,不如 花 点 小钱 买 点 今天 的 快乐 。
they|in|heart|inside|thinking|originally|days|just|live|degree marker|very|hard|emphasis marker|better to|spend|a little|small money|buy|some|today|attributive marker|happiness
They think to themselves: Life is already very hard, so why not spend a little money to buy some happiness today.
所以 只要 有 一笔 小钱 就 会 先 花 在 一些 零食 、烟酒 、茶 等 物品 之上 。
so|as long as|have|a small amount of|money|then|will|first|spend|on|some|snacks|cigarettes and alcohol|tea|etc|items|on
So as long as there is a little money, it will first be spent on snacks, cigarettes, alcohol, tea, and other items.
这 就 像 平时 收入 低 的 人 常常 会 对 自己 说 :
this|just|like|usually|income|low|attributive marker|people|often|will|to|oneself|say
This is similar to how people with low incomes often tell themselves:
就 我 这点 工资 永远 也 买不起 房子 ,不如 拿来 消费 娱乐 更好 。
just|I|this amount|salary|forever|also|cannot afford|house|better to|use for|consumption|entertainment|better
With my salary, I can never afford a house, so it's better to spend it on entertainment.
他们 认为 存钱 是 没有 用 的 ,
they|think|saving money|is|no|use|attributive marker
They believe that saving money is useless,
所以 全部 收入 都 用来 消费 而 不是 储蓄 或者 是 投资 。
so|all|income|all|used for|consumption|and|not|savings|or|is|investment
so all their income is used for consumption rather than saving or investing.
这样 的 就 形成 了 一个 恶性 循环 让 他们 永远 穷 下去 。
||||||vòng luẩn quẩn||||||
this way|attributive marker|then|form|past tense marker|one|vicious|cycle|make|them|forever|poor|continue to be
This creates a vicious cycle that keeps them perpetually poor.
咱们 再 从 自制力 层面 来 看 :人 一路上 遇到 的 诱惑 很多 !
we|again|from|self-control|aspect|to|look at|people|along the way|encounter|attributive marker|temptations|many
Let's look at it from the perspective of self-control: there are many temptations along the way!
自我 控制 是 很 难 实现 的 !
self|control|is|very|difficult|achieve|attributive marker
Self-control is very difficult to achieve!
自觉 的 决策者 们 就 会 采取 其他 的 行动 ,来 减少 自己 将来 受到 诱惑 的 可能性 :
tự giác||người ra quyết định|||||||||||||||
self-aware|attributive marker|decision makers|plural marker|then|will|take|other|attributive marker|actions|to|reduce|oneself|future|be subjected to|temptation|attributive marker|likelihood
Conscientious decision-makers will take other actions to reduce the likelihood of being tempted in the future:
而 穷人 或者 是 自控力 差 的 人 是 没有 这 方面 习惯 的 。
||||tự kiểm soát|||||||||
but|poor people|or|is|self-control|poor|attributive marker|people|is|do not have|this|aspect|habit|attributive marker
However, poor people or those with low self-control do not have this habit.
当然 ,规划 层面 也 很 重要 :穷人 拒绝 计划 ,更 讨厌 规划 !
of course|planning|aspect|also|very|important|poor people|reject|plans|more|hate|planning
Of course, planning is also very important: the poor reject planning and hate it even more!
因为 他们 相信 这些 东西 不会 有 什么 效果
because|they|believe|these|things|will not|have|any|effect
Because they believe these things won't have any effect.
他们 的 首要 选择 永远 都是 让 自己 的 生活 少 一点 乏味
||ưu tiên||vẫn luôn||||||||
they|attributive marker|primary|choice|always|are|make|oneself|attributive marker|life|less|a bit|dullness
Their top priority is always to make their lives a little less boring.
所以
so
So,
当 他们 得到 慈善机构 的 补助
when|they|receive|charity organization|attributive marker|subsidy
when they receive assistance from charities.
是 他们 会 拿 补贴 的 钱 去 买 电视机
|||||||||tivi
is|they|will|take|subsidy|attributive marker|money|to|buy|television
They will use the subsidy money to buy a television.
收音机 不是 为了 学习
radio|||
radio|not|for|studying
The radio is not for studying.
而是 为了 让 自己 的 生活 少 一点 乏味
||||||||nhàm chán
but rather|in order to|make|oneself|attributive marker|life|less|a bit|dullness
But to make their lives a little less boring.
以上 这些 行为 就是 穷人 的 特征
above|these|behaviors|are|poor people|attributive marker|characteristics
The behaviors mentioned above are characteristics of the poor.
说 到底
say|ultimately
Ultimately.
那 是 因为 他们 的 信息 不 畅
that|is|because|they|attributive marker|information|not|smooth
That is because their information is not smooth.
缺少 教育 和 受到 外部环境 的 影响
||||môi trường bên ngoài||
lack|education|and|be affected by|external environment|attributive marker|influence
They lack education and are influenced by the external environment.
也就是说 这是 认知 的问题
that is to say|this is|cognitive|problem
In other words, this is a cognitive issue.
最后 就是 幸运 层面 :
finally|just|lucky|aspect
Finally, there is the aspect of luck:
其实 我们 与 穷人 行为 的 差别 不大
actually|we|with|poor people|behavior|attributive marker|difference|not much
In fact, the difference between us and the behavior of the poor is not that big.
他们 会 犯 的 错误 我们 也 会 犯 !
they|will|make|attributive marker|mistakes|we|also|will|make
The mistakes they make, we will also make!
而 我们 的 真正 优势 在于 很多 东西 是 在 我们 不知不觉 中 得到 的 。
but|we|attributive marker|real|advantage|lies in|many|things|is|in|we|unconsciously|in|obtain|attributive marker
Our real advantage lies in the fact that many things are obtained without our awareness.
我们 无需 担心 明天 是否 会 面临 生存 的问题
|không cần|||||||
we|need not|worry|tomorrow|whether|will|face|survival|problem
We do not need to worry about whether we will face survival issues tomorrow.
换句话 来说
in other words|to say
In other words,
我们 无需 用 自己 有限 的 自控 以及 决策 能力 ,
||||||tự kiểm soát|||
we|need not|use|own|limited|attributive marker|self-control|and|decision-making|ability
we do not need to rely on our limited self-control and decision-making ability.
而 穷人 则 需要 不断 地 运用 这种 能力 。
but|poor people|then|need|continuously|adverb marker|use|this kind of|ability
The poor need to constantly utilize this ability.
我们 来 总结 一下 贫穷 的 原因 :
we|come|summarize|briefly|poverty|attributive marker|reason
Let's summarize the reasons for poverty:
首先 贫穷 最 重要 的 错误 就是 避险 手段
|||||||tránh rủi ro|
first|poverty|most|important|attributive marker|mistake|is|risk avoidance|means
First, the most important mistake regarding poverty is the avoidance strategy.
比如说 认为 多生 孩子 就 可以 规避 养老 医疗 的 风险
||||||||y tế||
for example|believe|have more|children|then|can|avoid|old-age|medical|attributive marker|risk
For example, thinking that having more children can mitigate the risks of old age and medical care.
比如 拒绝 保险 等等 。
for example|refuse|insurance|etc
For instance, refusing insurance, etc.
其次 是 只顾 眼前 ,不 做 任何 的 长远 规划 。
||||||||kế hoạch dài hạn|
secondly|is|only focus on|present|not|make|any|attributive marker|long-term|planning
Secondly, it is only concerned with the present and does not make any long-term plans.
最后 就是 认知 水平 有限 ,
finally|just|cognitive|level|limited
Finally, the level of understanding is limited,
对 不 懂 的 东西 有 太多 的 偏见 。
towards|not|understand|attributive marker|things|have|too much|attributive marker|prejudice
and there are too many prejudices against things that are not understood.
那么 总体 来说 :
then|overall|speaking
So overall:
贫穷 除了 有 社会 原因 ,大部分 其实 都 是 自身 的 原因 。
poverty|apart from|have|social|reasons|most|actually|all|are|self|attributive marker|reasons
poverty, in addition to social reasons, is mostly due to one's own reasons.
穷人 表面 上 最 缺 的 是 金钱
|||thiếu nhất||||
poor people|on the surface|on|most|lack|attributive marker|is|money
What the poor lack the most on the surface is money.
本质 上 可能 最 缺 的 是 野心
essence|on|possibly|most|lacking|attributive marker|is|ambition
What they may lack the most in essence is ambition.
脑袋 里面 可能 最 缺 的 是 观念
head|inside|possibly|most|lack|attributive marker|is|concept
What they may lack the most in their minds is perspective.
面对 机会 是 最 缺 的 是 把握 !
face|opportunity|is|most|lack|attributive marker|is|grasp
What they lack the most when facing opportunities is the ability to seize them!
如果 人 对 信息 贫乏 获得 信息 越 少
||||nghèo nàn||||
if|people|to|information|scarce|obtain|information|the more|less
If a person is poor in information, the less information they obtain.
就 越 容易 陷入 上面 的 这些 贫穷 陷阱 里面 。
just|the more|easily|fall into|above|attributive marker|these|poverty|traps|inside
The more one does, the easier it is to fall into these poverty traps mentioned above.
我们 和 穷人 其实 并 没有 什么 本质 的 区别 :
we|and|poor people|actually|really|do not have|any|essential|attributive marker|difference
There is actually no essential difference between us and the poor:
大家 可以 想 一想 :上面 的 这些 行为 ,大家 是不是 也 犯过 ?
everyone|can|think|for a moment|above|attributive marker|these|behaviors|everyone|is or not|also|committed
Everyone can think about it: Have you also committed these behaviors mentioned above?
所以 以上 几点 对 我们 来说 非常 的重要
so|above|points|to|us|for|very|important
So the above points are very important for us.
如果 缺乏 认知
if|lack|cognition
If there is a lack of awareness.
没有 不断 的 学习
no|continuous|attributive marker|learning
No continuous learning
缺少 独立 辨别 与 思考 的 能力
lack|independence|discernment|and|thinking|attributive marker|ability
Lack of independent discernment and thinking ability
也 会 容易 陷入 贫穷 的 陷阱
|||rơi vào|||
also|will|easily|fall into|poverty|attributive marker|trap
Can easily fall into the trap of poverty
时刻 提高 自身 的 演技 与 认知 水平
moment|improve|oneself|attributive marker|acting skills|and|cognitive|level
Constantly improve one's acting skills and cognitive level
保持 一颗 学习 心
maintain|one|learning|heart
Maintain a learning mindset
或许 是 一种 能 让 我们 不 陷入 贫穷 的 最 有效 的方法
perhaps|is|one kind of|can|let|us|not|fall into|poverty|attributive marker|most|effective|method
Perhaps it is the most effective way to prevent us from falling into poverty.
好 了 以上 就是 贫穷 的 本质
good|emphasis marker|above|is|poverty|attributive marker|essence
Alright, the above is the essence of poverty.
这 本书 的 一些 核心 观点
this|book|attributive marker|some|core|viewpoints
Some core viewpoints of this book.
希望 对 你 有所 启发
hope|to|you|have some|inspiration
I hope it inspires you.
我们 下次 再见
we|next time|see you again
See you next time.
SENT_CWT:AsVK4RNK=28.94 PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=5.92
en:AsVK4RNK
openai.2025-01-22
ai_request(all=444 err=0.00%) translation(all=370 err=0.00%) cwt(all=3236 err=5.35%)