Stephen Krashen stheory of Comprehensible Input (Free Sample) Stephen|Krashen||of|Comprehensible|Input|(Free|Sample) Stephen Krashen's theory of Comprehensible Input (Free Sample)

「 可 理解 輸入 」 係 一個 理論 去 說明 究竟 人 係 點樣 可以 有效 咁 去 學習 一個 語言 ， 首先 喺 可 理解 輸入 嘅 呢 一條 影片 入面 ， 教授 使用 兩個 唔 同 嘅 上堂 例子 嚟 說明 「 可 理解 輸入 」 究竟 係 乜嘢 嚟 㗎 呢 ， 首先 喺 第一個 例子 入 面 佢 用 咗 德文 去 解釋 一 啲 比較 複雜 同埋 抽象 嘅 概念 ， 相反 喺 第二個 例子 入 面 佢 改變 咗 佢 嘅 語速 ， 解釋 嘅 內容 亦 都 有 抽象 嘅 概念 換成 生活化 嘅 概念 ， 同時 亦 用 咗 好多 表情 、 手勢 去 輔助 學生 去 理解 究竟 佢 係 教 緊 乜嘢 嘅 內容 。 "Comprehensible Input" is a theory that explains how people can effectively learn a language. In this video about comprehensible input, the professor uses two different classroom examples to illustrate what "comprehensible input" really is. In the first example, he uses German to explain some more complex and abstract concepts. In contrast, in the second example, he changes his speech rate, and the content he explains shifts from abstract concepts to more relatable, everyday concepts. At the same time, he uses a lot of expressions and gestures to help students understand what he is teaching.

經過 展示 咗 呢 兩種 唔 同 嘅 上堂 模式 之後 ，教授 嘅 結論 就 係 ，當我哋 上次 去 學習 一種 新 嘅 語言 嘅 時候 ，當我哋 清楚 明白 對方 所講 信息 嘅 意思 嘅 情況 ，即係 聽力 方面 嘅 「可理解 輸入 」，又或者 我哋 喺 閱讀 嘅 時候 亦都 清楚 明白 呢 篇文章 想 表達 嘅 訊息 ，亦即 係 喺 閱讀 方面 嘅 「可理解 輸入 」。 after|demonstrating|past tense marker|this|two|not|same|possessive particle|class|modes|after|professor|possessive particle|conclusion|just|is|when we|last time|went|learning|a|new|possessive particle|language|possessive particle|time|when we|clearly|understood|the other party|what was said|information|possessive particle|meaning|possessive particle|situation|that is|listening|aspect|possessive particle|comprehensible|input|or|we|at|reading|possessive particle|time|also|clearly|understood|this|article|wants|to express|possessive particle|message|that is|is|in|reading|aspect|possessive particle|comprehensible|input After demonstrating these two different teaching modes, the professor concludes that when we last learned a new language, if we clearly understood the meaning of the information being communicated, that is, when we have "comprehensible input" in listening, or if we clearly understand the message that an article is trying to convey while reading, that is, when we have "comprehensible input" in reading. 我 哋 先至 可以 順利 理解 同埋 學識 外語 所 使用 嘅 表達 方式 。 I|we|only then|can|smoothly|understand|and|learn|foreign language|that|used|possessive particle|expression|way Only then can we successfully understand and learn the expressions used in a foreign language. 亦即係話 ，如果 我哋 喺 學習 新 語言 嘅 時候 ，太過 強調 同埋 著重 喺 學習 文法 規則 或者 記憶 生字 上面 嘅 話 ，係 相對 低效率 嘅 學習 方法 。 that is to say|if|we|at|learning|new|language|possessive particle|time|too|emphasize|and|focus|on|learning|grammar|rules|or|memorizing|vocabulary|on|possessive particle|statement|is|relatively|low efficiency|possessive particle|learning|method In other words, if we place too much emphasis on learning grammar rules or memorizing vocabulary when learning a new language, it is a relatively inefficient learning method. 而 教授 認為 唯一 一個 有用 嘅 外語教學 方法 就 係 去 盡量 令到 學生 明白 你 用 外語 所 表達 嘅 意思 係 乜嘢 ，我 哋 之所以 會 明白 或者 學識 一個 外語 正正 係 因為 我 哋 明白 對方 想 表達 嘅 意思 ，而 唔 係 我 哋 明白 呢個 語言 係 點樣 組成 嘅 。 and|professor|believes|only|one|useful|possessive particle|foreign language teaching|method|just|is|to|as much as possible|make|students|understand|you|using|foreign language|particle indicating action|expressed|possessive particle|meaning|is|what|I|we|the reason why|will|understand|or|learn|one|foreign language|precisely|is|because|I|we|understand|the other party|wants|to express|possessive particle|meaning|and|not|is|I|we|understand|this|language|is|how|composed|possessive particle The professor believes that the only useful method for teaching a foreign language is to try to make students understand what you are expressing in that foreign language. The reason we understand or learn a foreign language is precisely because we comprehend the meaning the other person wants to convey, rather than understanding how the language is constructed.

喺 傳統 嘅 語言 教學模式 入面 ，大多數 老師 會 強調 文法 同埋 記憶 生字 上 嘅 重要性 ，而 當 我哋 喺 學校 接受 教育 嘅 時候 通常 ，我哋 會 被迫 用 一個 相反 嘅 方法 去 學習 ，學校 嘅 老師 會 強逼 我哋 要 做 大量 嘅 文法 訓練 ，老師 會 話 畀 我哋 聽 好多 嘅 規則 ，同時 我哋 要 去 背誦 好多個 生字 ，老師 會 假設 所有 嘅 學生 只要 不斷 練習 呢 一 啲 規則 之後 ，佢 就 會 自不然 識得 講 呢種 語言 㗎 喇 。 in|traditional|possessive particle|language|teaching model|inside|most|teachers|will|emphasize|grammar|and|memorization|vocabulary|on|possessive particle|importance|and|when|we|in|school|receive|education|possessive particle|time|usually|we|will|be forced|use|a|opposite|possessive particle|method|to|learn|school|possessive particle|teachers|will|force|us|to|do|large amounts|possessive particle|grammar|training|teacher|will|say|to|us|hear|many|possessive particle|rules|at the same time|we|must|to|memorize|many|vocabulary|teacher|will|assume|all|possessive particle|students|as long as|continuously|practice|this|one|some|rules|after|he|then|will|naturally|able to|speak|this kind of|language|particle|particle In traditional language teaching models, most teachers emphasize the importance of grammar and memorizing vocabulary. When we receive education in school, we are usually forced to learn in a contrary way. School teachers compel us to do a lot of grammar exercises, telling us many rules, while we also have to memorize a lot of vocabulary. Teachers assume that as long as all students keep practicing these rules, they will naturally learn to speak the language.

就 係 咁 ， 呢 種 嘅 教學方法 唔 單止 令到 好多 語言 學習者 行 咗 好多 嘅 彎路 ， 甚至 某 程度 上 抹殺 咗 學生 喺 學習 語言 嘅 興趣 ， 令 到 佢 哋 覺得 學習 意願 係 枯燥乏味 同埋 需要 大量 嘅 記憶 背誦 。 As a result, this teaching method not only leads many language learners down a lot of wrong paths, but also, to some extent, erases students' interest in learning the language, making them feel that the desire to learn is tedious and requires a lot of memorization. 因為 無論 佢 哋 死記硬背 咗 幾多 嘅 文法 規則 同 埋單 字 ， 最終 佢 哋 冇 辦法 學識 點樣 靈活運用 同埋 去講 最道 地 嘅 表達方式 ， 令到 有 「 啞巴 語言 」 嘅 問題 出現 ， 你 真 係 學 咗 一大堆 嘅 生字 但 係 你 發現 你 冇 辦法 可以 喺 生活 上同 其他人 溝通 嘅 時候 講到 出 嚟 ， 又 或者 相反 你 會 不斷 想 用 好多 根本 唔 符合 現實狀況 嘅 生字 嚟 同 其他人 溝通 。 Because no matter how many grammar rules and vocabulary they have memorized, in the end, they have no way to learn how to flexibly use and express themselves in the most authentic way, leading to the problem of 'mute language.' You may have learned a lot of vocabulary, but you find that you cannot communicate with others in real life, or conversely, you keep trying to use many words that do not fit the actual situation to communicate with others.

咁 講返 轉頭 ，究竟 我 哋 點樣 可以 做到 有效 嘅 可 理解 輸入 嘅 呢 ？ then|talk about again|later|after all|I|we|how|can|achieve|effective|possessive particle|possible|understanding|input|possessive particle|question particle So, going back to the point, how can we achieve effective and comprehensible input?

第一 就 係 ， 話明 係 「 可 理解 」 即 係 話 如果 你 喺 學習 呢 一個 話題 之前 你 對 呢 個 話題 嘅    背景 了解 得 越深 ， 自然 你 係 學習 嘅 時候 可 理解 嘅 內容 就 會 越 多 。 First of all, to say "understandable" means that if you have a deeper understanding of the background of a topic before learning it, naturally, the content you can understand while learning will be greater. 所以 喺 學習 有關 相關 題目 嘅 時候 如果 可以 事先 預習 同埋 了解 一下 一 啲 背景 嘅 知識 ， 例如 係 一 啲 簡單 而 有 相關 嘅 單字 或者 係 一 啲 人 名 地方 名 諸如此類 ， 都 會 增加 你 對 呢 一個 題目 嘅 理解 程度 。 Therefore, when learning related topics, if you can preview and understand some background knowledge in advance, such as some simple and relevant vocabulary or names of people and places, it will increase your level of understanding of the topic.

第二 當然 就 係 選擇 適合 你 而家 程度 嘅 教材 ，如果 揀 咗 一個 好 簡單 嘅 教材 ，可能 你 已經 對 內容 有 十分 之 高 嘅 把握 同埋 理解 ，所以 呢 個 教材 對 你 嚟 講 嘅 挑戰性 唔 高 ，咁 樣 你 會 覺得 學 唔 到 野 。 second|of course|just|is|choosing|suitable|you|now|level|possessive particle|teaching material|if|choose|past tense marker|one|very|simple|possessive particle|teaching material|possibly|you|already|to|content|have|very|particle indicating possession|high|possessive particle|grasp|and|understanding|so|this|measure word|teaching material|to|you|for|speaking|possessive particle|challenge|not|high|then|way|you|will|feel|learning|not|able to|things Secondly, of course, it is important to choose materials that are suitable for your current level. If you choose very simple materials, you may already have a high grasp and understanding of the content, so this material will not be challenging for you, and you may feel like you are not learning anything. 相反 如果 你 選擇 咗 程度 比較 高 嘅 教材 ，你 會 發現 缺乏 背景 知識 嘅 情況 底下 非常 之 難 明白 教材 嘅 真正 信息 ，一方面 會 打擊 信心 亦 都 會 對 學習 嘅 動力 有 影響 。 on the contrary|if|you|choose|past tense marker|level|relatively|high|possessive particle|teaching material|you|will|find|lack|background|knowledge|possessive particle|situation|under|very|particle indicating possession|difficult|understand|teaching material|possessive particle|true|information|on one hand|will|undermine|confidence|also|also|will|towards|learning|possessive particle|motivation|have|impact On the contrary, if you choose materials that are at a higher level, you will find it very difficult to understand the true information of the materials without sufficient background knowledge. This can undermine your confidence and affect your motivation to learn. 所以 如果 可以 選擇 一 啲 有趣 嘅 故事 或者 搵 到 一個 老師 去 幫 你 篩選 適合 你 嘅 教材 去 增加 「可 理解 輸入 」，亦 都 會 提高 你 學習 嘅 效率 。 so|if|can|choose|a|some|interesting|possessive particle|stories|or|find|to|a|teacher|to|help|you|filter|suitable|you|possessive particle|materials|to|increase|comprehensible|understanding|input|also|all|will|improve|your|learning|possessive particle|efficiency So if you can choose some interesting stories or find a teacher to help you select suitable materials to increase "comprehensible input," it will also improve your learning efficiency.