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English LingQ Podcast 1.0, Eighty: Focus on Vocabulary

Eighty: Focus on Vocabulary

Steve: Hi Jill. Jill: Hi Steve. Steve: How are you this afternoon? Jill: Good thanks. How are you? Steve: I'm fine thank you. You know, we had that discussion the other day about words that meant “see” and “look” and so forth. We asked people to submit lists of words that they're interested in and low and behold we have a list. This one comes from Anna who is one of our learners in Brazil. Now her list is taken from…I think a lot of it comes from my book. It's not like the previous list where the learner wanted us to talk about words, you know, synonyms that all mean the same thing. These words are all very different. Jill: Right. Steve: But, I think there are some interesting words, so let's give it a try. Jill: Alright. Steve: The first word here is “course” as it applies to “a full course lunch”. What do we mean by a full course lunch? Jill: Usually a full course meal, dinner, lunch, means, I believe, that you get an appetizer, an entrée, a dessert, so you have all your courses, you're not just ordering one thing. Steve: Well, that's right. We talk about the main course, which refers usually to the meat or the fish dish, so the first course might be the soup or a hors d'oeuvre and the third course is the dessert. Jill: Right. Steve: And, of course, I think nowadays people don't eat as much, but in the old days they might have a four or a five-course meal. Jill: And you can still get those at certain restaurants. They have a set menu where you can order a three-course meal or a more expensive where it's a four-course or five-course, but I think, in general, it's three courses. Steve: Right, people aren't eating as much. Jill: Right. Steve: Now the next word here is “staples” and this is a sentence from my book where I talked about France, which had its Mediterranean influence, and the sentence is “With the Romans came the staples of the Mediterranean culinary tradition.” Now are they talking about stapling paper together here? Jill: No, they're not and it's exactly the same word. When I first looked at the word and I didn't look at the definition I immediately thought staples that you use to put paper together, staple papers together, but, obviously, she's sort of been studying food and so a staple is something that is very basic; everybody from that place eats it. Steve: Right. Bread, rice… Jill: …pasta. Steve: Right. And she has the word down here “amphitheatre”, but I don't think we need to spend too much time there because I think in every language, certainly where they have borrowed Greek and Roman or Latin words, this word is used. Let's move on to the next one, “swear words” and “to swear”.

Okay, swear means a variety of different things, doesn't it? Jill: Yes, you can take an oath, so you swear to do something or to behave a certain way or not to do certain things. Steve: Swear allegiance. Jill: Swear allegiance, so promise allegiance. Steve: What other words when…because you were married much more recently than I was, didn't you have to swear something at your wedding ceremony? Jill: My gosh, I can't remember. Steve: Do you swear to take this man as your lawful… Jill: No, no, no. Steve: No? Jill: No, we didn't do any of the traditional vows we said our own things, so. Steve: But it's interesting, “to swear” is to take an oath; to put your hand over your heart. Jill: To promise. Steve: That's right, but the most usual use of the word is, in fact, to blaspheme; in other words, to say something naughty. Jill: Right. Steve: And the sort of naughty swear words generally either have to do with parts of the body or things that happen in the toilet or have to do with sex or they have to do with religion, you know, taking the name of a saint or of a religious person in vain. Jill: Right. Steve: And we swear when we're angry. Jill: Some of us do. Steve: Yes and much to my dismay, people swear much more often now than they used to. Jill: Yeah, I believe that. Steve: And, certainly, we would never hear swear words on television in the old days and now, I mean, it's just… Jill: …common place. Steve: Common place; it's just terrible. Jill: I think we've talked about this before, swear words are generally words that really people shouldn't use, but especially non-native speakers. Steve: Right. Jill: It just doesn't sound very good. Steve: You know, I'm glad you raised that because when you're a non-native speaker you can think that it sounds very clever. Boy, am I ever cool. I'm going to use this Japanese or Portuguese or whatever language, Russian, swear word; boy, isn't that fun. Because you have no sense of how that sounds. It might sound very, very, bad and so we recommend at The Linguist, at LingQ, don't use swear words. Don't use even slang expressions until you're really sure what affect they have on people and how they're used. Jill: Right. Steve: Alright, then we move on again here to “stay clear” and, again, this is following up on our discussion. The sentence from my book is “A language learner is best to stay clear of idioms.” What do we mean by stay clear? Jill: To avoid. Steve: To avoid, exactly. Jill: So don't use them. Steve: Right. “Countryside”, now the countryside, you know, we think that's a very ordinary word. It's not obvious for someone who's not a native speaker what we mean. What is the countryside? Jill: Places that are away from cities that are rural areas. Steve: Rural areas, right. Jill: Where there are not a lot of people, generally, not a lot of action; lots of farming perhaps. Steve: Or forest. Jill: Or forest, actually. Steve: In other words, not a built up area. Jill: Right. Steve: But it can be, as you say, farms. It can be inhabited by people. It's not a wilderness, but it's not an urban, a city-type environment. We'll skip “Anglophone”.

Yeah, Anglophone, Francophone, whatever; people who speak English are Anglophones. Here's one though, “people of all walks of life”. That's an interesting idiom and one that I think the non-native speaker can use. All walks of life, what do we mean? Jill: People of or from, we can say, all different economic backgrounds, religious backgrounds… Steve: …professions… Jill: …professions, so people who have had different experiences. Steve: Right. “Colloquialisms”, again, we're talking a lot about slang and idioms and so forth, again, colloquialisms, what are we referring to there? Jill: Well, slang generally. Steve: Right, expressions that have become common in certain…I don't know, it can even be in different places within the same language, again, difficult for the non-native speaker to master. Now let's move on “overly”; “overly”.

Here the phrase is “an overly-complicated written style.” Jill: So, if you overdo something or you write in an overly-complicated manner it means that you're doing it to the excess. Steve: Right. Jill: You're doing it too much. Steve: Right. “Too”, would that fit? Jill: Too. Steve: T O O, too. Jill: Too. Steve: Overly equals too. Alright, there we go. “The students were judged as much on their ability as on the actual content.”

Jill: So, equally. Steve: Equally, that's right, as much as, as much, you know, equal. These different words for comparison, “equal”, “better than”, “less than”, these are words that are always a little different in each language and it takes a while to get used to them. When you see them in LingQ save them and see the different ways that they're used. Jill: Something like “as much as”, I find people use incorrectly a lot. You know, “as much as”, “as” and “as”. They will often leave out one as, so I think that's a very useful phrase. Steve: However here, of course, it was the students were judged as much on their ability as on something else, so the “as” doesn't have to come right immediately after “much”… Jill: …but it has to come somewhere. Steve: Absolutely, because we're comparing two things. “Bristling”; “bristling with irony”.

Jill: Full of irony. Steve: Full of irony. When I think of bristle I think of a porcupine, right? A porcupine is a little animal that has these needles that stick out when it's aroused or angry. Jill: Quills. Steve: And those are bristles and we think of the bristles of a brush, so “bristling” and “bristling with irony” is, basically, what do they call them? Collocation. In other words, people often say bristling with irony. We might say “full or irony”, but “bristling with irony” because the idea that irony has little sharp needles in it because we're being a little sarcastic. Jill: Exactly. Steve: So, we're bristling with irony, so that's a good phrase to use. “Plenty”.

Jill: A lot. Steve: Lots of. Jill: Lots of. Steve: Plenty. Plenty is plenty; lots of. Plenty means enough of, but it implies lots of. Jill: Right. Steve: So, it's not quite as many as lots of or a lot of, so here again, people just have to get used to it. Jill: Yeah, you're right, plenty means enough of. Steve: Yeah, plenty. But, we talk of, you know, a land of plenty means a land of abundance, so yeah, plenty. “Overflowing”.

Well, in the book it talks about this professor who spoke to “overflowing audiences”, but the original image, of course, is what overflows. If I say overflowing, what do you think of? Jill: Beer. Steve: Oh, beer? Jill: I think of liquid overflowing. Steve: Oh, okay, but beer, that's very interesting. Okay, you think of beer. I don't know, I was going to think of overflowing like a river overflowing or the bathtub overflowing, but you think of beer overflowing, that's okay. Jill: I'm not an alcoholic, I swear! Steve: Alright, that's good; okay. “Desultory”: ramble on; continue talking or writing in a desultory manner; basically, sort of disorganized.

It's not a very common word. I think we should forget it. Jill: Yeah, you know, I don't even think that I have ever seen that word or used it myself. Steve: No, we won't worry about it. “Ramble on”.

Jill: It usually refers to people who just talk and talk and talk and just never stop. They just go on and on and often saying sort of the same thing over and over again. Steve: Isn't there a song about the rambling…there are lots of songs about rambling on, rambling man, rambling, just kind of… Jill: …rambling idiots. Steve: Well yeah, rambling idiots too, but people are rambling; the rambler. They are just kind of moving on from town to town with no purpose, so when you're “rambling on” that means you're talking with no purpose or, you know, you're not being well organized. Jill: Yeah, you're not being concise and getting to the point. Steve: Right. Let's finish with this last one here, “after all”. It's used quite often, after all, you know? In England they say “at the end of the day”. In other words, when all is said and done; when all is said and done; after all. You know, having listened to all of what you had to say; after all. Jill: Actually, I think I would use “at the end of the day” more often than I would use “after all”. Steve: Oh really? Jill: Yeah. Steve: I use after all, you know? Jill: I don't use it very often so, again, I guess it's just a… Steve: It's like “Give me a bigger piece of cake; after all, I bought it.” Jill: Right. Steve: You know? Alright, because it's a long list here we can stop there and then we can do another one with the remainder. Jill: Right, next week. Steve: Shall we do that? Jill: Yeah. Steve: Okay, thanks Jill. Jill: Thank you. Steve: Okay, bye, bye. Jill: Bye, bye.

Eighty: Focus on Vocabulary osmdesát||| Quatre-vingts|Concentration|sur| Achtzig: Konzentrieren Sie sich auf den Wortschatz Ochenta: Centrarse en el vocabulario Quatre-vingt : Focus sur le vocabulaire Ottanta: Focus sul vocabolario 80歳語彙に焦点を当てる 80: 어휘에 집중하기 Osiemdziesiąt: Koncentracja na słownictwie Oitenta: Concentração no vocabulário 80: Фокус на лексику Åttio: Fokus på ordförråd Seksen: Kelime Dağarcığına Odaklanın Вісімдесят: зосередьтеся на лексиці 八十：注重词汇八十：注重詞彙

Steve: Hi Jill. Steve|| Jill: Hi Steve. Steve: How are you this afternoon? Steve: Wie geht es dir heute Nachmittag? Jill: Good thanks. How are you? Steve: I’m fine thank you. You know, we had that discussion the other day about words that meant “see” and “look” and so forth. |||||разговор||||||||||||и так|и так далее ||||||||||||signifiaient||||||et ainsi de suite ||||||||||||||||||тощо ||||||||||||||||||等等 Wissen Sie, wir hatten neulich diese Diskussion über Wörter, die "sehen" und "schauen" und so weiter bedeuteten. Sabes, el otro día tuvimos esa discusión sobre las palabras que significaban "ver" y "mirar" y demás. We asked people to submit lists of words that they’re interested in and low and behold we have a list. ||||||||||заинтересованы||и|и|и|вот|||| |||||||||||||||et voilà|||| |||||||||||||||sure enough|||| |||||||||||||||瞧|||| |||||||||||||瞧||瞧|||| Wir haben die Leute gebeten, Listen mit Wörtern einzureichen, an denen sie interessiert und niedrig sind, und siehe, wir haben eine Liste. Hemos pedido a la gente que nos envíe listas de palabras que les interesen y, por fin, tenemos una lista. Мы попросили людей прислать списки слов, которые их интересуют, и вот, наконец, список готов. This one comes from Anna who is one of our learners in Brazil. Dieser kommt von Anna, die eine unserer Lernenden in Brasilien ist. Now her list is taken from…I think a lot of it comes from my book. ||||取自||||||||||| Jetzt ist ihre Liste entnommen aus ... Ich denke, ein Großteil davon stammt aus meinem Buch. It’s not like the previous list where the learner wanted us to talk about words, you know, synonyms that all mean the same thing. |||||||||||||||||同义词|||||| ||||précédente||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||synonyms|||||| Es ist nicht wie in der vorherigen Liste, in der der Lernende wollte, dass wir über Wörter sprechen, Synonyme, die alle dasselbe bedeuten. Bu, öğrencinin aynı anlama gelen eşanlamlı kelimeler hakkında konuşmamızı istediği önceki liste gibi değil. These words are all very different. Diese Wörter sind alle sehr unterschiedlich. Jill: Right. Steve: But, I think there are some interesting words, so let’s give it a try. Steve: Pero, creo que hay algunas palabras interesantes, así que vamos a intentarlo. Jill: Alright. Steve: The first word here is “course” as it applies to “a full course lunch”. ||||||блюдо|||||||| ||||||repas complet|||||||| ||||||Kurs|||||||| |||||||||стосується||||| ||||||prato principal|||||||prato principal|almoço completo Steve: Das erste Wort hier ist "Kurs", da es für "ein komplettes Mittagessen" gilt. Steve: La primera palabra aquí es "course", que se aplica a "a full course lunch". Steve: Buradaki ilk kelime "kurs" olup "tam teşekküllü bir öğle yemeği" için geçerlidir. What do we mean by a full course lunch? |||entendons-nous par||||plat| o que|||||||| Was verstehen wir unter einem kompletten Mittagessen? Wat bedoelen we met een volledige lunch? Tam porsiyon öğle yemeği derken neyi kastediyoruz? Jill: Usually a full course meal, dinner, lunch, means, I believe, that you get an appetizer, an entrée, a dessert, so you have all your courses, you’re not just ordering one thing. |||||||||||||||закуска||основное блюдо|||||||||||||| |D'habitude|||||||signifie|||||||hors-d'œuvre|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||appetizer||main course||dessert|||||||||||| |||||||||||||||predjelo||glavno jelo||desert|||||||||||| |||||||||||||||开胃菜||主菜|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||主菜|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||закуска|||||||||||||||| Jill: Normalerweise bedeutet ein komplettes Menü, Abendessen, Mittagessen, glaube ich, dass Sie eine Vorspeise, eine Vorspeise, ein Dessert bekommen, also haben Sie alle Ihre Gänge, Sie bestellen nicht nur eine Sache. Jill: Por lo general, una comida completa, cena, almuerzo, significa, creo, que usted consigue un aperitivo, un plato principal, un postre, por lo que tiene todos sus cursos, usted no está pidiendo sólo una cosa. Steve: Well, that’s right. Steve||| |||correct Steve: Nun, das stimmt. We talk about the main course, which refers usually to the meat or the fish dish, so the first course might be the soup or a hors d’oeuvre and the third course is the dessert. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||开胃菜|开胃菜||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||appetizer||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||закуска||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||закуска|закуска||||||| Wir sprechen über das Hauptgericht, das sich normalerweise auf das Fleisch- oder Fischgericht bezieht, also könnte der erste Gang die Suppe oder ein Vorspeise sein und der dritte Gang ist das Dessert. Jill: Right. |Right Steve: And, of course, I think nowadays people don’t eat as much, but in the old days they might have a four or a five-course meal. |||||||||||||||||||||||||блюд| Steve: Und natürlich denke ich, dass die Leute heutzutage nicht so viel essen, aber früher haben sie vielleicht ein Vier- oder Fünf-Gänge-Menü. Jill: And you can still get those at certain restaurants. ||||||||деяких| Jill: Und die gibt es immer noch in bestimmten Restaurants. They have a set menu where you can order a three-course meal or a more expensive where it’s a four-course or five-course, but I think, in general, it’s three courses. ||||||||||||||||дороже|||||||||||||||| |||||||kannst||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||страви |||||||||||prato||||||||||||||||||||| Sie haben ein Menü, in dem Sie ein Drei-Gänge-Menü bestellen können, oder ein teureres, in dem es ein Vier-Gänge- oder Fünf-Gänge-Menü ist, aber ich denke, im Allgemeinen sind es drei Gänge. Steve: Right, people aren’t eating as much. Steve: Richtig, die Leute essen nicht so viel. Jill: Right. Steve: Now the next word here is “staples” and this is a sentence from my book where I talked about France, which had its Mediterranean influence, and the sentence is “With the Romans came the staples of the Mediterranean culinary tradition.” Now are they talking about stapling paper together here? |||||||основные продукты питания|||||||||||||||||Средиземноморское||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||Essential food items||||||||||||||||||||||||||||food staples|||||||||||No, essentials.||| |||||||alimentos básicos|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||stapci||| ||||||| staples|||||||||||||||||地中海||||||||罗马人||| staples|||地中海|烹飪的|传统||||||主食||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Heftklammern|||||||||||||| Steve: Jetzt ist das nächste Wort hier "Grundnahrungsmittel" und dies ist ein Satz aus meinem Buch, in dem ich über Frankreich sprach, das seinen mediterranen Einfluss hatte, und der Satz lautet "Mit den Römern kamen die Grundnahrungsmittel der mediterranen kulinarischen Tradition". Sprechen sie jetzt darüber, hier gemeinsam Papier zu heften? Steve: Şimdi burada bir sonraki kelime "zımba" ve bu da kitabımda Akdeniz etkisi olan Fransa'dan bahsettiğim bir cümle ve cümle şöyle: "Romalılarla birlikte Akdeniz mutfak geleneğinin zımba telleri geldi." Şimdi burada kağıtları birbirine zımbalamaktan mı bahsediyorlar? Jill: No, they’re not and it’s exactly the same word. Jill: Nein, das sind sie nicht und es ist genau das gleiche Wort. When I first looked at the word and I didn’t look at the definition I immediately thought staples that you use to put paper together, staple papers together, but, obviously, she’s sort of been studying food and so a staple is something that is very basic; everybody from that place eats it. |||||||||||||||||||||||||spajanje|||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||agrafes|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||основной продукт||||||||||||||||||||||staple|||||||||||| Als ich mir das Wort zum ersten Mal ansah und die Definition nicht ansah, dachte ich sofort, dass Sie Heftklammern verwenden, um Papier zusammenzusetzen, Heftklammern zusammenzufügen, aber offensichtlich hat sie Lebensmittel studiert, und so ist eine Heftklammer etwas, was es ist sehr einfach; Jeder von diesem Ort isst es. Steve: Right. Bread, rice… Brot, Reis… Jill: …pasta. Steve: Right. And she has the word down here “amphitheatre”, but I don’t think we need to spend too much time there because I think in every language, certainly where they have borrowed Greek and Roman or Latin words, this word is used. |||||||圓形劇場|||||||||||||||||||||||借用|希腊语||罗马||||||| |||||||amphitheater||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||anfiteatro|||||||||||||||||||||||emprestado|||||||||| |||||||амфитеатр|||||||||||||||||||||||заимствованные|||||||||| Und sie hat hier unten das Wort "Amphitheater", aber ich glaube nicht, dass wir dort zu viel Zeit verbringen müssen, weil ich denke, dass in jeder Sprache, sicherlich dort, wo sie griechische und römische oder lateinische Wörter ausgeliehen haben, dieses Wort verwendet wird. Y tiene la palabra aquí abajo "anfiteatro", pero no creo que necesitemos pasar demasiado tiempo allí porque creo que en todas las lenguas, ciertamente donde han tomado prestadas palabras griegas y romanas o latinas, se utiliza esta palabra. Let’s move on to the next one, “swear words” and “to swear”. |||||||ругательные||||клясться |||||||||||to swear |||||||palavras de juramento|||| Fahren wir mit dem nächsten fort: "Schimpfwörter" und "schwören". Pasemos al siguiente, "palabrotas" y "decir palabrotas". Laten we verder gaan met de volgende, "scheldwoorden" en "zweren".

Okay, swear means a variety of different things, doesn’t it? |swear|||||||| Okay, schwören bedeutet eine Vielzahl verschiedener Dinge, nicht wahr? Jill: Yes, you can take an oath, so you swear to do something or to behave a certain way or not to do certain things. ||||uzeti||zakletvu|||||||||||||||||| ||||||клятву|||||||||||||||||| ||||||sworn promise|||||||||||||||||| ||||||juramento|||||||||||||||||| ||||||誓言|||||||||||||||||| Jill: Ja, Sie können einen Eid ablegen, also schwören Sie, etwas zu tun oder sich auf eine bestimmte Weise zu verhalten oder bestimmte Dinge nicht zu tun. Jill: Sí, puedes hacer un juramento, así que juras hacer algo o comportarte de cierta manera o no hacer ciertas cosas. Steve: Swear allegiance. ||присягу на верность ||Pledge loyalty ||效忠 Steve: Schwöre Treue. Jura lealtad. Jill: Swear allegiance, so promise allegiance. |||||верность |||||lealdade Jill: Schwöre Treue, also verspreche Treue. Steve: What other words when…because you were married much more recently than I was, didn’t you have to swear something at your wedding ceremony? |||||||||||||||||||поклясться||||| Steve: Welche anderen Worte, als ... weil Sie viel jünger verheiratet waren als ich, mussten Sie bei Ihrer Hochzeitszeremonie nicht etwas schwören? Steve: ¿Qué otras palabras cuando... porque te casaste mucho más recientemente que yo, no tuviste que jurar algo en tu ceremonia de boda? Steve : Quels autres mots quand… parce que vous vous êtes marié beaucoup plus récemment que moi, n'avez-vous pas dû jurer quelque chose lors de votre cérémonie de mariage ? Jill: My gosh, I can’t remember. ||господи||| ||mon dieu||| Jill: Meine Güte, ich kann mich nicht erinnern. Steve: Do you swear to take this man as your lawful… ||||||||||законного ||||||||||legally wedded husband Steve: Schwören Sie, diesen Mann als Ihren rechtmäßigen zu betrachten? ¿Jura tomar a este hombre como su legítimo... Steve : Jurez-vous de considérer cet homme comme votre légitime… Jill: No, no, no. Jill: Nein, nein, nein. Steve: No? Steve: Nein? Jill: No, we didn’t do any of the traditional vows we said our own things, so. |||||||||zakletve|||||| |||||||||обеты|||||| |||||||||誓言|||||| Jill: Nein, wir haben keines der traditionellen Gelübde abgelegt, die wir selbst gemacht haben. Jill: No, no hicimos ninguno de los votos tradicionales dijimos nuestras propias cosas, así que. Jill : Non, nous n'avons fait aucun des vœux traditionnels, nous avons dit nos propres choses, donc. Steve: But it’s interesting, “to swear” is to take an oath; to put your hand over your heart. ||||||||||клятва||||||| ||||||||||serment||||||| ||||||||||solemn promise||||||| Steve: Aber es ist interessant, „schwören“ heißt, einen Eid zu leisten. deine Hand über dein Herz legen. Steve: Pero es interesante, "jurar" es hacer un juramento; poner la mano sobre el corazón. Steve : Mais c'est intéressant, « jurer », c'est prêter serment ; pour mettre ta main sur ton coeur. Jill: To promise. Jill: Um es zu versprechen. Steve: That’s right, but the most usual use of the word is, in fact, to blaspheme; in other words, to say something naughty. |||||||||||||||богохульствовать|||||||непристойное ||||||||||||||||||||||malveillant |||||||||||||||speak sacrilegiously||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||imoral ou ofensiva |||||||||||||||bogohuliti|||||||nepristojno 史蒂夫|||||||||||||||褻瀆||||||| Steve: Das stimmt, aber die üblichste Verwendung des Wortes ist in der Tat, zu lästern; mit anderen Worten, um etwas Unartiges zu sagen. Steve: Así es, pero el uso más habitual de la palabra es, de hecho, blasfemar; en otras palabras, decir algo travieso. Steve: Dat klopt, maar het meest gebruikelijke gebruik van het woord is in feite godslastering; met andere woorden, iets ondeugends zeggen. Jill: Right. Steve: And the sort of naughty swear words generally either have to do with parts of the body or things that happen in the toilet or have to do with sex or they have to do with religion, you know, taking the name of a saint or of a religious person in vain. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||uzalud |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||святые||||религия|||всуе |||||impolite|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||vain |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||圣|||||||虚荣 Steve: Und die Art von ungezogenen Schimpfwörtern hat im Allgemeinen entweder mit Körperteilen oder Dingen zu tun, die auf der Toilette passieren oder mit Sex zu tun haben, oder sie haben mit Religion zu tun, wissen Sie, den Namen eines Heiligen oder einer religiösen Person vergebens. Steve: Y las palabrotas malsonantes suelen tener que ver con partes del cuerpo o cosas que pasan en el baño, o con el sexo, o con la religión, ya sabes, tomar el nombre de un santo o de una persona religiosa en vano. Jill: Right. Steve: And we swear when we’re angry. Steve: Und wir schwören, wenn wir wütend sind. Jill: Some of us do. Jill: Einige von uns tun es. Steve: Yes and much to my dismay, people swear much more often now than they used to. ||||||огорчение|||||||||| ||||||désespoir|||||||||| ||||||disappointment|||||||||| ||||||desagrado|||||||||| ||||||užasavanje|||||||||| ||||||失望|||||||||| Steve: Sí, y muy a mi pesar, la gente dice palabrotas mucho más a menudo ahora que antes. Jill: Yeah, I believe that. Steve: And, certainly, we would never hear swear words on television in the old days and now, I mean, it’s just… Steve: Und natürlich haben wir früher nie Schimpfwörter im Fernsehen gehört und jetzt, meine ich, ist es nur ... Jill: …common place. |обычное| ...lugar común. Jill: ... gewone plek. Steve: Common place; it’s just terrible. Steve: Gemeinplatz; es ist einfach schrecklich. Стив: Общее место; это просто ужасно. Jill: I think we’ve talked about this before, swear words are generally words that really people shouldn’t use, but especially non-native speakers. Jill: Ich denke, wir haben bereits darüber gesprochen. Schimpfwörter sind im Allgemeinen Wörter, die eigentlich nicht verwendet werden sollten, insbesondere aber Nicht-Muttersprachler. Steve: Right. Jill: It just doesn’t sound very good. Jill: Es klingt einfach nicht sehr gut. Steve: You know, I’m glad you raised that because when you’re a non-native speaker you can think that it sounds very clever. |||||to|spomenuo|||||||||||||||| ||||||упомянул||||||||||||||||умно ||||||mencionou|||||||||||||||| Steve: Weißt du, ich bin froh, dass du das angesprochen hast, denn wenn du kein Muttersprachler bist, kannst du denken, dass es sehr klug klingt. Boy, am I ever cool. Junge, bin ich jemals cool? Vaya si soy guay. I’m going to use this Japanese or Portuguese or whatever language, Russian, swear word; boy, isn’t that fun. |||||||Portuguese|||||swear word||||| Ich werde dieses Japanisch oder Portugiesisch oder eine andere Sprache, Russisch, Schimpfwort verwenden. Junge, macht das nicht Spaß? Because you have no sense of how that sounds. Weil du keine Ahnung hast, wie das klingt. It might sound very, very, bad and so we recommend at The Linguist, at LingQ, don’t use swear words. |||||||||||||||||des jurons| Es mag sehr, sehr schlecht klingen und deshalb empfehlen wir bei The Linguist, bei LingQ, keine Schimpfwörter zu verwenden. Don’t use even slang expressions until you’re really sure what affect they have on people and how they’re used. ||||||||||влияние|||||||| ||emphasizing point|||||||||||||||| Verwenden Sie nicht einmal Slang-Ausdrücke, bis Sie wirklich sicher sind, welche Auswirkungen sie auf Menschen haben und wie sie verwendet werden. No utilices ni siquiera expresiones de argot hasta que estés realmente seguro del efecto que tienen en la gente y de cómo se utilizan. Jill: Right. Steve: Alright, then we move on again here to “stay clear” and, again, this is following up on our discussion. |||||||||||||||следующее|||| |||||||||stay|clear||||||||| Steve: Okay, dann gehen wir hier wieder weiter, um „klar zu bleiben“, und dies setzt unsere Diskussion fort. Steve: Muy bien, entonces nos movemos de nuevo aquí a "permanecer claro" y, de nuevo, esto es el seguimiento de nuestra discusión. Steve: Oké, dan gaan we hier weer verder om "duidelijk te blijven" en nogmaals, dit is een vervolg op onze discussie. The sentence from my book is “A language learner is best to stay clear of idioms.” What do we mean by stay clear? ||||||||||||ostati|||||||||| ||||||||||||bleiben|fernbleiben||||||||| Der Satz aus meinem Buch lautet: „Ein Sprachschüler sollte sich am besten von Redewendungen fernhalten.“ Was meinen wir damit, klar zu bleiben? La frase de mi libro es: "Lo mejor para un estudiante de idiomas es mantenerse alejado de las expresiones idiomáticas". Jill: To avoid. Jill: Um zu vermeiden. Steve: To avoid, exactly. Steve: Um genau zu vermeiden. Steve: Para evitar, exactamente. Jill: So don’t use them. Jill: Also benutze sie nicht. Steve: Right. “Countryside”, now the countryside, you know, we think that’s a very ordinary word. seoski kraj|||||||||||| сельская местность|||||||||||| |||||||||||ordinaire| "Landschaft", jetzt die Landschaft, wissen Sie, wir denken, das ist ein sehr gewöhnliches Wort. 'Platteland', nu het platteland, weet je, dat vinden wij een heel gewoon woord. It’s not obvious for someone who’s not a native speaker what we mean. Für jemanden, der kein Muttersprachler ist, ist es nicht offensichtlich, was wir meinen. What is the countryside? Was ist die Landschaft? Jill: Places that are away from cities that are rural areas. |||||||||сельские| Jill: Orte, die nicht in ländlichen Gebieten liegen. Steve: Rural areas, right. Steve: Ländliche Gebiete, richtig. Jill: Where there are not a lot of people, generally, not a lot of action; lots of farming perhaps. |||||||||||||||||сельское хозяйство| ||||||||||||||||||peut-être |||||||||||||||||farming| Jill: Wo es nicht viele Leute gibt, im Allgemeinen nicht viel Action; viel Landwirtschaft vielleicht. Steve: Or forest. Jill: Or forest, actually. Jill: Oder eigentlich Wald. Steve: In other words, not a built up area. ||||||застроенная|| Steve: Mit anderen Worten, kein bebautes Gebiet. Steve: En otras palabras, no es una zona urbanizada. Стив: Другими словами, не застроенная территория. Jill: Right. Steve: But it can be, as you say, farms. Steve: Aber es können, wie Sie sagen, Farmen sein. It can be inhabited by people. |||nastanjeno|| |||населяться|| |||inhabited|| Es kann von Menschen bewohnt werden. Puede estar habitado por personas. It’s not a wilderness, but it’s not an urban, a city-type environment. |||дикая местность||||||||| ||||||||||||environnement |||remote area||||||||| Es ist keine Wildnis, aber es ist keine städtische, stadtähnliche Umgebung. No es un desierto, pero tampoco es un entorno urbano, tipo ciudad. Não é um deserto, mas não é um ambiente urbano, um tipo de cidade. We’ll skip “Anglophone”. |пропустим|англоязычный |passer|anglophone |omit| Wir werden "Anglophone" überspringen. Omitiremos "anglófono".

Yeah, Anglophone, Francophone, whatever; people who speak English are Anglophones. ||francophone||||||| ||French-speaking||||||| Ja, anglophon, frankophon, was auch immer; Leute, die Englisch sprechen, sind Anglophone. Ja, Engelstalig, Franstalig, wat dan ook; mensen die Engels spreken zijn Engelstaligen. Here’s one though, “people of all walks of life”. |||ljudi||||| |||||всех|слоев|| |||les gens||||| Hier ist jedoch einer: "Menschen aller Gesellschaftsschichten". Pero aquí va una: "gente de toda condición". Hier is er echter een, "mensen van alle rangen en standen". Но вот один из них: «люди всех слоев общества». That’s an interesting idiom and one that I think the non-native speaker can use. Das ist eine interessante Redewendung, die meiner Meinung nach der Nicht-Muttersprachler verwenden kann. All walks of life, what do we mean? Alle Lebensbereiche, was meinen wir? Jill: People of or from, we can say, all different economic backgrounds, religious backgrounds… Jill: Menschen mit oder aus, wir können sagen, alle unterschiedlichen wirtschaftlichen Hintergründe, religiösen Hintergründe ... Jill: Pessoas de ou de, podemos dizer, todas as diferentes origens econômicas, origens religiosas ... Steve: …professions… Jill: …professions, so people who have had different experiences. Steve: Right. “Colloquialisms”, again, we’re talking a lot about slang and idioms and so forth, again, colloquialisms, what are we referring to there? 口語用法|||||||||||||||||||| Informal language expressions||||||||||||||informal language|||||| разговорные выражения||||||||||||и так далее|||||||| "Umgangssprachen", wir sprechen wieder viel über Slang und Redewendungen und so weiter, wieder Umgangssprachen, worauf beziehen wir uns dort? Jill: Well, slang generally. ||gíria| Jill: Nun, Slang im Allgemeinen. Steve: Right, expressions that have become common in certain…I don’t know, it can even be in different places within the same language, again, difficult for the non-native speaker to master. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||овладеть Steve: Richtig, Ausdrücke, die in bestimmten Fällen üblich geworden sind ... Ich weiß nicht, es kann sogar für den Nicht-Muttersprachler schwierig sein, sie an verschiedenen Stellen innerhalb derselben Sprache zu beherrschen. Now let’s move on “overly”; “overly”. ||||чрезмерно|чрезмерно ||||trop| ||||excessively|excessively ||||excessivamente| Lassen Sie uns nun „übermäßig“ weitermachen. "übermäßig". Ahora pasemos a "exageradamente"; "exageradamente".

Here the phrase is “an overly-complicated written style.” ||||||сложный|| |||||Excessively||| Hier ist der Satz "ein übermäßig komplizierter Schreibstil". Jill: So, if you overdo something or you write in an overly-complicated manner it means that you’re doing it to the excess. ||||pretjerati|||||||||||||||||| ||||переусердствовать||||||||||||||||||избытке ||||exagères|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||write||||||||||doing|||| Jill: Wenn Sie also etwas übertreiben oder zu kompliziert schreiben, bedeutet dies, dass Sie es übertrieben tun. Steve: Right. Jill: You’re doing it too much. Jill: Du machst es zu viel. Steve: Right. “Too”, would that fit? "Auch", würde das passen? Jill: Too. Steve: T O O, too. ||||također Jill: Too. Steve: Overly equals too. |trop||trop Steve: Übermäßig gleich. Alright, there we go. Okay, los geht's. Muy bien, allá vamos. “The students were judged as much on their ability as on the actual content.” |||оценивались|как|много|||||||фактическом| "Die Schüler wurden sowohl nach ihren Fähigkeiten als auch nach dem tatsächlichen Inhalt beurteilt." "Los estudiantes fueron juzgados tanto por su capacidad como por el contenido real". "Студенты оценивались не только по их способностям, но и по содержанию".

Jill: So, equally. ||également Jill: Also genauso. Steve: Equally, that’s right, as much as, as much, you know, equal. Steve: Ebenso ist das richtig, genauso wie, wie Sie wissen, gleich. These different words for comparison, “equal”, “better than”, “less than”, these are words that are always a little different in each language and it takes a while to get used to them. ||||сравнения||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Diese verschiedenen Wörter zum Vergleich, "gleich", "besser als", "kleiner als", sind Wörter, die in jeder Sprache immer ein wenig unterschiedlich sind und es dauert eine Weile, bis man sich an sie gewöhnt hat. When you see them in LingQ save them and see the different ways that they’re used. Wenn Sie sie in LingQ sehen, speichern Sie sie und sehen Sie die verschiedenen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten. Jill: Something like “as much as”, I find people use incorrectly a lot. ||||много||||||неправильно|| Jill: So etwas wie "so viel wie" finde ich, dass die Leute viel falsch verwenden. You know, “as much as”, “as” and “as”. Sie wissen, "so viel wie", "wie" und "wie". They will often leave out one as, so I think that’s a very useful phrase. Sie lassen oft eines weg, also denke ich, dass das ein sehr nützlicher Ausdruck ist. A menudo omiten un como, así que creo que es una frase muy útil. Steve: However here, of course, it was the students were judged as much on their ability as on something else, so the “as” doesn’t have to come right immediately after “much”… Steve: Aber hier war es natürlich so, dass die Schüler sowohl nach ihren Fähigkeiten als auch nach etwas anderem beurteilt wurden, so dass das „wie“ nicht sofort nach „viel“ kommen muss… Jill: …but it has to come somewhere. ||||||quelque part Jill: ... aber es muss irgendwohin kommen. Steve: Absolutely, because we’re comparing two things. Steve: Auf jeden Fall, weil wir zwei Dinge vergleichen. “Bristling”; “bristling with irony”. полный|полный||иронии bourdonnant||| Full of||| |cheio de|| "Borsten"; "Vor Ironie strotzen". "erizado"; "erizado de ironía". "borstelend"; "overgoten met ironie".

Jill: Full of irony. Jill: Voller Ironie. Steve: Full of irony. When I think of bristle I think of a porcupine, right? ||||игла|||||еж| |||||||||porc-épic| ||||stiff hair-like structures|||||porcupine| |||||||||ouriço-cacheiro| ||||čupanje|||||jež| ||||刺毛|||||| Cuando pienso en cerdas pienso en un puercoespín, ¿verdad? A porcupine is a little animal that has these needles that stick out when it’s aroused or angry. |||||||||||||||uzbuđen|| |||||||||||||||взволнован|| |||||||||quills||||||alert or defensive|| |||||||||||||||excitado|| Ein Stachelschwein ist ein kleines Tier, das diese Nadeln hat, die herausragen, wenn es erregt oder wütend ist. Un puercoespín es un animalito que tiene unas agujas que sobresalen cuando está excitado o enfadado. Jill: Quills. |羽毛筆 |Feathers or pens. |penas de escrever Jill: Quills. Jill: Quills. Steve: And those are bristles and we think of the bristles of a brush, so “bristling” and “bristling with irony” is, basically, what do they call them? ||||||||||||||||||s|||||||| ||||щетина|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||Stiff hairs||||||bristles|||||bristles||bristling with||||||||| ||||||||||毛刺|||||||||||||||| Steve: Und das sind Borsten und wir denken an die Borsten eines Pinsels, also wie nennt man sie im Grunde „borstig“ und „strotzend vor Ironie“? Steve: Y eso son cerdas y pensamos en las cerdas de un cepillo, así que "erizadas" y "erizadas de ironía" es, básicamente, ¿cómo las llaman? Collocation. Kolo lociranja 搭配 Collocation Word combination Collocatie. In other words, people often say bristling with irony. Mit anderen Worten, die Leute sagen oft voller Ironie. Met andere woorden, mensen zeggen vaak vol ironie. We might say “full or irony”, but “bristling with irony” because the idea that irony has little sharp needles in it because we’re being a little sarcastic. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||саркастичным ||||||||||||||ironie|||aigres||||||||| |||||||Full of irony|||||||||||||||||||sarcastic Wir sagen vielleicht „voll oder ironisch“, aber „strotzend vor Ironie“, weil die Idee, dass Ironie kleine scharfe Nadeln enthält, weil wir ein bisschen sarkastisch sind. Jill: Exactly. Steve: So, we’re bristling with irony, so that’s a good phrase to use. ||nous sommes|||||||||| Steve: Also, wir strotzen vor Ironie, also ist das ein guter Ausdruck. “Plenty”. много "Mucho".

Jill: A lot. Steve: Lots of. Jill: Lots of. Steve: Plenty. Plenty is plenty; lots of. Viel ist viel; viele. Plenty means enough of, but it implies lots of. ||||||означает|| ||||||implique|| Viel bedeutet genug von, aber es impliziert viel. Jill: Right. Steve: So, it’s not quite as many as lots of or a lot of, so here again, people just have to get used to it. Steve: Also, es ist nicht ganz so viel wie viel oder viel, also müssen sich die Leute auch hier wieder daran gewöhnen. Steve: Yani, çok ya da bir sürü kadar çok değil, bu yüzden burada da insanların buna alışması gerekiyor. Jill: Yeah, you’re right, plenty means enough of. |||||signifie|suffisamment| Steve: Yeah, plenty. But, we talk of, you know, a land of plenty means a land of abundance, so yeah, plenty. ||||||||||||||изобилия||| Aber wir sprechen davon, wissen Sie, ein Land des Überflusses bedeutet ein Land des Überflusses, also ja, Überfluss. Pero, hablamos de, ya sabes, una tierra de abundancia significa una tierra de abundancia, así que sí, abundancia. “Overflowing”. prepun переполнение Débordant Brimming over transbordando "Desbordante".

Well, in the book it talks about this professor who spoke to “overflowing audiences”, but the original image, of course, is what overflows. ||||||||||||||||||||||溢出 ||||||||||||переполненных||||||||||spills over ||||||||||||||||||||||transborda ||||||||||||||||||||||переполняет Nun, in dem Buch wird von diesem Professor gesprochen, der vor einem „überfüllten Publikum“ sprach, aber das Originalbild ist natürlich das, was überläuft. Bueno, en el libro se habla de este profesor que hablaba ante "auditorios desbordados", pero la imagen original, por supuesto, es lo que desborda. Welnu, in het boek wordt gesproken over deze professor die sprak tot "overlopend publiek", maar het originele beeld is natuurlijk wat overloopt. If I say overflowing, what do you think of? Jill: Beer. Jill: Cerveza. Steve: Oh, beer? ¿Cerveza? Jill: I think of liquid overflowing. Jill: Ich denke an überlaufende Flüssigkeit. Jill: Pienso en el desbordamiento de líquido. Steve: Oh, okay, but beer, that’s very interesting. Okay, you think of beer. I don’t know, I was going to think of overflowing like a river overflowing or the bathtub overflowing, but you think of beer overflowing, that’s okay. ||||||||||||||||ванна||||||||| ||||||||||||||||baignoire||||||||| Ich weiß nicht, ich wollte ans Überlaufen denken wie ein überlaufender Fluss oder eine überlaufende Badewanne, aber du denkst an überlaufendes Bier, das ist okay. Jill: I’m not an alcoholic, I swear! ||||алкоголик|| Jill: Ich bin kein Alkoholiker, das schwöre ich! Steve: Alright, that’s good; okay. “Desultory”: ramble on; continue talking or writing in a desultory manner; basically, sort of disorganized. бессвязный|беседовать|||||||||||||неорганизованный désordonné|bavarder|||||||||manière||||désorganisé Randomly disconnected thoughts|ramble||||||||desultory|||||Haphazard desordenado||||||||uma maneira|desordenada||||| neuredan|||||||||||||| |||||||||sprunghaft||||| „Desultory“: weiterschweifen; sprechen oder schreiben Sie ziellos weiter; im Grunde irgendwie unorganisiert. "Desultorio": divagar; seguir hablando o escribiendo de forma desultoria; básicamente, algo desorganizado. "Onbegrijpelijk": zwerftocht door; op een onstuimige manier blijven praten of schrijven; eigenlijk een beetje ongeorganiseerd. “Desultory”: divagar; continue falando ou escrevendo de maneira desconexa; basicamente, meio desorganizado.

It’s not a very common word. Es ist kein sehr gebräuchliches Wort. I think we should forget it. Ich denke, wir sollten es vergessen. Jill: Yeah, you know, I don’t even think that I have ever seen that word or used it myself. Jill: Ja, weißt du, ich glaube nicht einmal, dass ich dieses Wort jemals gesehen oder selbst benutzt habe. Steve: No, we won’t worry about it. Steve: Nein, darüber machen wir uns keine Gedanken. “Ramble on”. бреди| Ramble| Continue talking aimlessly| „Wandern weiter“. "Ram maar door".

Jill: It usually refers to people who just talk and talk and talk and just never stop. They just go on and on and often saying sort of the same thing over and over again. Sie machen einfach weiter und weiter und sagen oft immer wieder das Gleiche. Steve: Isn’t there a song about the rambling…there are lots of songs about rambling on, rambling man, rambling, just kind of… |||||||lutanje|||||||||||||| |||||||блуждающем|||||||||||||| |||||||errance|||||||||errant||||| |||||||Wandering aimlessly|||||||||||wandering aimlessly||| |||||||||||||||||漢子|||| Steve: Gibt es nicht ein Lied über das Herumschweifen … es gibt viele Lieder über das Herumschweifen, das Herumschweifen, das Herumschweifen, einfach irgendwie … Jill: …rambling idiots. ||白痴 |bavard| |rambling| Jill: … weitschweifende Idioten. ...idiotas incoherentes. Steve: Well yeah, rambling idiots too, but people are rambling; the rambler. |||||||||||lutalica |||||||||блуждают||блуждающий |||||||||||promeneur |||||||||||talkative person |||||||||||漫遊者 Steve: Nun ja, auch geschwätzige Idioten, aber die Leute schwafeln; der Wanderer. Steve: Bueno sí, los idiotas divagadores también, pero la gente divaga; el divagador. Steve: Sim, idiotas demais também, mas as pessoas estão divagando; o rambler. They are just kind of moving on from town to town with no purpose, so when you’re “rambling on” that means you’re talking with no purpose or, you know, you’re not being well organized. Sie ziehen einfach zwecklos von Stadt zu Stadt. Wenn Sie also „weiterschweifen“, bedeutet das, dass Sie zwecklos reden oder, wissen Sie, Sie sind nicht gut organisiert. Jill: Yeah, you’re not being concise and getting to the point. |||||koncizan||||| |||||лаконичной||||| |||||concise||||| |||||brief||||| Jill: Ja, du bist nicht prägnant und kommst nicht auf den Punkt. Steve: Right. Let’s finish with this last one here, “after all”. It’s used quite often, after all, you know? In England they say “at the end of the day”. In England sagt man „am Ende des Tages“. В Англии говорят «в конце дня». In other words, when all is said and done; when all is said and done; after all. You know, having listened to all of what you had to say; after all. Weißt du, nachdem du dir alles angehört hast, was du zu sagen hattest; schließlich. Jill: Actually, I think I would use “at the end of the day” more often than I would use “after all”. Jill: Eigentlich denke ich, dass ich „am Ende des Tages“ häufiger verwenden würde als „nach allem“. Джилл: На самом деле, я думаю, что буду использовать «в конце дня» чаще, чем «в конце концов». Steve: Oh really? Steve: Ach wirklich? Jill: Yeah. Steve: I use after all, you know? Steve: Ich benutze immerhin, weißt du? Jill: I don’t use it very often so, again, I guess it’s just a… Jill: Ich benutze es nicht sehr oft, also schätze ich, es ist nur ein … Steve: It’s like “Give me a bigger piece of cake; after all, I bought it.” Steve: Es ist wie „Gib mir ein größeres Stück Kuchen; schließlich habe ich es gekauft.“ Steve: Es como "Dame un trozo de tarta más grande; al fin y al cabo, la he comprado yo". Steve: "Bana daha büyük bir dilim pasta ver; ne de olsa onu ben aldım." gibi. Jill: Right. Steve: You know? Alright, because it’s a long list here we can stop there and then we can do another one with the remainder. ||||||||||||||||||||ostatkom ||||||||||||||||||||остатком ||||||||||||||||||||reste ||||||||||||||||||||остатком (1) Jill: Right, next week. Steve: Shall we do that? ¿Lo hacemos? Jill: Yeah. Steve: Okay, thanks Jill. Jill: Thank you. Steve: Okay, bye, bye. Jill: Bye, bye.