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BBC - 6 Minute English (YouTube), Anxiety and evolution: Has anxiety been good for humans? 6 Minute English - YouTube

Anxiety and evolution: Has anxiety been good for humans? 6 Minute English - YouTube

Rob: Hello. This is 6 Minute English I'm Rob.

Neil: And I'm Neil.

Rob: Do you ever experience anxiety, Neil?

Neil: Anxiety?

Rob: Yes, you know, a feeling of

being really worried or nervous

without any real reason.

Neil: Well not really, but I know for some

people it can be quite a serious problem.

Rob: Well anxiety may be a result

of natural selection.

Neil: Natural selection? You mean,

the principle behind evolution?

Rob: Yes. The idea that life on this planet

has developed as a result

of random changes

in biology over many many years.

Neil: So why have anxiety, that seems

like a negative rather than

a positive thing to develop?

Rob: Well, we'll find out more in this

programme, but before we do, a quiz.

Charles Darwin is famous for

describing evolution by natural selection.

What was the name of the ship he

travelled on when he made

his discoveries? Was it:

a) HMS Beagle, b) HMS Badger,

or c) HMS Bear?

What do you think, Neil?

Neil: Well I'm pretty sure I know this one,

so I'm not going to give away

the answer just yet.

Rob: Well, you can let me know

at the end of the programme, before

I give the answer.

Right, Dr Randolph Nesse is a doctor

and psychologist. He has written

a lot about how evolution has

an impact on our mental condition,

particularly anxiety. Recently he spoke

on BBC Radio 4's 'Start the Week'

programme about this topic.

Listen out for the answer to this question.

How long did he treat patients

at the University of Michigan for?

Dr Randolph Nesse: Natural selection

has shaped all organisms to have

special states to cope with certain

kinds of circumstances. I treated

patients with anxiety disorders

for 40 years at the University of

Michigan. It was only half way through

that I started realising

that anxiety is there for a good reason.

Rob: So Neil, how long did he treat

patients for at the University of Michigan?

Neil: He says that he did that for 40 years,

but it was only after about 20 years or so

that he realised that we suffer

from anxiety for a good reason.

Rob: We'll find out that reason shortly

but first he said that

natural selection has shaped

all organisms. This means that we are

the result of natural selection. It has

made us what we are.

Neil: And it has made us able to cope

with different situations. To cope

with means being able to deal with,

being able to manage

a difficult situation.

Rob: And anxiety, if it's not too great,

is a way of dealing

with particular situations.

Let's hear from Dr Nesse again.

Dr Randolph Nesse: Natural selection

has shaped all organisms to have

special states to cope

with certain kinds of circumstances.

I treated patients with anxiety disorders

for 40 years at the University of

Michigan. It was only half way through

that I started realising

that anxiety is there for a good reason.

Rob: So why is anxiety a necessary thing,

why is it something that, within reason, is

not a bad emotion. Here's

Dr Nesse talking about his patients

who suffer from too much anxiety.

Dr Randolph Nesse: What you're having

is a normal kind of emergency response

which is great in

life-threatening situations but

for you it's a false alarm like a smoke

detector going off when you burn

the toast. And after that many of my

patients said: 'Oh, that makes

perfect sense, I think I won't need

your help after all, doctor'.

Rob: So what is anxiety?

Neil: Well, it's your body reacting

to danger, like an emergency response,

a warning. In really dangerous

situations, which could harm

you or even kill you, which

Dr Nesse describes as

life-threatening situations, it's a useful

response to warn you to take action or to

prepare for action.

Rob: But some people experience anxiety

when there is no real danger.

It's a false alarm, like when you burn the

toast and the smoke detector alarm

starts or as he says, goes off!

And he says that some patients can feel

less worried after that, when they realise

anxiety is a natural thing.

Let's hear from Dr Nesse again.

Dr Randolph Nesse: What you're

having is a normal kind of emergency

response which is great in

life-threatening situations but

for you it's a false alarm

like a smoke detector going off

when you burn the toast. And after

that many of my patients said : 'Oh, that

makes perfect sense, I think I won't need

your help after all, doctor'.

Rob: Time now to review

today's vocabulary, but first,

let's have the answer to the quiz

question. What was the name of

the ship Charles Darwin travelled on

when he made his discoveries

about evolution? Was it:

a) HMS Beagle, b) HMS Badger,

or c) HMS Bear?

What do you think, Neil?

Neil: Well, I'm pretty sure it's HMS Beagle.

Rob: Well, you are right. Charles Darwin

travelled on HMS Beagle.

Congratulations if you also

knew that. Now, on with today's

vocabulary. We were talking about

anxiety, a feeling of

being worried or scared, a feeling

that something isn't quite right.

Neil: Dr Nesse suggests that anxiety is

a result of natural selection.

This is the principle of

evolution whereby random changes in the

biology of a living thing can make it more

likely to survive in

a particular environment.

Rob: These changes shape the

living thing. They make it what it is.

They help it to cope with

different situations. Which means that

they help it manage or

deal with those situations.

Neil: A life-threatening situation is

a very dangerous situation which

could cause serious

injury or even death.

Rob: And finally there was the

phrasal verb to go off. For example,

if an alarm goes off,

it means that is starts making a loud

noise as a warning. Right,

before any alarms start

to go off here, we need to wrap up.

That's all from us today, do join us

next time. Until then,

you can find us online, on social media

and on our app. Look out for

bbclearningenglish.

Bye for now.

Neil: Goodbye!

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Anxiety and evolution: Has anxiety been good for humans? 6 Minute English - YouTube 焦虑||||||||||| Ansiedade||||||||||| Ängste und Evolution: War die Angst gut für den Menschen? 6 Minuten Englisch - YouTube Anxiété et évolution : L'anxiété a-t-elle été bénéfique pour l'homme ? 6 minutes d'anglais - YouTube 不安と進化:不安は人間にとって良いことなのか?6分間英語 - YouTube Lęk i ewolucja: Czy lęk był dobry dla ludzi? 6 Minute English - YouTube Ansiedade e evolução: A ansiedade tem sido boa para os humanos? 6 Minute English - YouTube 焦虑与进化:焦虑对人类有好处吗? 6 分钟英语 - YouTube 焦慮與演化:焦慮對人類有好處嗎? 6 分鐘英語 - YouTube

Rob: Hello. This is 6 Minute English I'm Rob.

Neil: And I'm Neil.

Rob: Do you ever experience anxiety, Neil? Rob: 불안감을 경험한 적이 있나요, 닐?

Neil: Anxiety?

Rob: Yes, you know, a feeling of

being really worried or nervous

without any real reason.

Neil: Well not really, but I know for some

people it can be quite a serious problem. 人们这可能是一个相当严重的问题。

Rob: Well anxiety may be a result Rob: Nun, Angst kann eine Folge davon sein. 罗伯:嗯,焦虑可能是自然选择的结果。

of natural selection. ||选择 ||selection 的自然选择。

Neil: Natural selection? You mean,

the principle behind evolution? اصل پشت تکامل؟ 진화의 원리는 무엇일까요?

Rob: Yes. The idea that life on this planet

has developed as a result

of random changes

in biology over many many years. 在生物学中经历了许多年。

Neil: So why have anxiety, that seems نیل: پس چرا اضطراب داشته باشیم، به نظر می رسد 尼尔:那么为什么会有焦虑,这似乎

like a negative rather than 更像是一种消极而不是

a positive thing to develop? 개발하는 것이 긍정적인가요?

Rob: Well, we'll find out more in this

programme, but before we do, a quiz.

Charles Darwin is famous for

describing evolution by natural selection. توصیف تکامل با انتخاب طبیعی 通过自然选择来描述进化。

What was the name of the ship he 他出海时乘坐的船叫什么名字

travelled on when he made 当他做的时候

his discoveries? Was it:

a) HMS Beagle, b) HMS Badger, |皇家海军舰艇||||

or c) HMS Bear? ||皇家海军舰艇|

What do you think, Neil?

Neil: Well I'm pretty sure I know this one,

so I'm not going to give away 所以我不打算透露

the answer just yet. 아직 답을 찾지 못했습니다. 答案还不行。

Rob: Well, you can let me know 罗伯:好吧,你可以告诉我

at the end of the programme, before

I give the answer.

Right, Dr Randolph Nesse is a doctor ||兰道夫||||

and psychologist. He has written

a lot about how evolution has

an impact on our mental condition,

particularly anxiety. Recently he spoke 特别地||||

on BBC Radio 4's 'Start the Week'

programme about this topic.

Listen out for the answer to this question. 이 질문에 대한 답을 들어보세요.

How long did he treat patients چه مدت بیماران را معالجه کرد

at the University of Michigan for? ||||密歇根|

Dr Randolph Nesse: Natural selection

has shaped all organisms to have 는 모든 유기체가

special states to cope with certain |||manage difficulties|| 특정 상황에 대처하기 위한 특수 상태

kinds of circumstances. I treated

patients with anxiety disorders 焦虑症患者

for 40 years at the University of 在密歇根大学工作了40年。

Michigan. It was only half way through 这只是进行到一半

that I started realising |||percebendo 我开始意识到

that anxiety is there for a good reason. |ansiedade|||||| 불안에는 그럴 만한 이유가 있습니다. 焦虑是有原因的。

Rob: So Neil, how long did he treat 罗布:那么尼尔,他治疗了多久

patients for at the University of Michigan?

Neil: He says that he did that for 40 years,

but it was only after about 20 years or so

that he realised that we suffer ||understood|||

from anxiety for a good reason.

Rob: We'll find out that reason shortly

but first he said that

natural selection has shaped |||moldado 자연 선택이 형성한

all organisms. This means that we are 모든 유기체. 즉, 우리는

the result of natural selection. It has

made us what we are.

Neil: And it has made us able to cope

with different situations. To cope

with means being able to deal with,

being able to manage

a difficult situation.

Rob: And anxiety, if it's not too great, Rob: 그리고 너무 심하지 않다면 불안감도 있습니다,

is a way of dealing

with particular situations.

Let's hear from Dr Nesse again.

Dr Randolph Nesse: Natural selection

has shaped all organisms to have

special states to cope 대처해야 할 특별 상태

with certain kinds of circumstances.

I treated patients with anxiety disorders

for 40 years at the University of

Michigan. It was only half way through 미시간. 절반만 진행되었습니다.

that I started realising

that anxiety is there for a good reason.

Rob: So why is anxiety a necessary thing,

why is it something that, within reason, is 왜 이성을 가진 사람이라면

not a bad emotion. Here's

Dr Nesse talking about his patients

who suffer from too much anxiety. |experience distress||||

Dr Randolph Nesse: What you're having دکتر راندولف نیس: چیزی که شما دارید

is a normal kind of emergency response

which is great in

life-threatening situations but |威胁生命的|| život ohrožující situace, ale

for you it's a false alarm like a smoke pro vás je to falešný poplach jako kouř. 여러분에게는 연기처럼 거짓 경보입니다.

detector going off when you burn detector||||| detector de fumaça||||| Detektor, který se spustí, když hoříte ردیاب هنگام سوختن خاموش می شود 화상을 입으면 감지기가 울립니다.

the toast. And after that many of my |toast||||||

patients said: 'Oh, that makes pacienti řekli: "Oh, to dělá

perfect sense, I think I won't need perfektní smysl, myslím, že nebudu potřebovat

your help after all, doctor'.

Rob: So what is anxiety?

Neil: Well, it's your body reacting

to danger, like an emergency response,

a warning. In really dangerous

situations, which could harm |||prejudicar

you or even kill you, which

Dr Nesse describes as

life-threatening situations, it's a useful

response to warn you to take action or to

prepare for action.

Rob: But some people experience anxiety

when there is no real danger.

It's a false alarm, like when you burn the

toast and the smoke detector alarm

starts or as he says, goes off! 시작하거나 그가 말했듯이 꺼집니다!

And he says that some patients can feel

less worried after that, when they realise 그 이후에는 덜 걱정하게 됩니다.

anxiety is a natural thing.

Let's hear from Dr Nesse again.

Dr Randolph Nesse: What you're

having is a normal kind of emergency داشتن یک نوع اضطراری طبیعی است

response which is great in

life-threatening situations but

for you it's a false alarm

like a smoke detector going off 像烟雾探测器响起

when you burn the toast. And after وقتی نان تست را می سوزانید و بعد از 当你把烤面包烤糊了。然后

that many of my patients said : 'Oh, that 我的许多病人说:'哦,那

makes perfect sense, I think I won't need

your help after all, doctor'. ||depois de|de qualquer forma|

Rob: Time now to review ||agora||

today's vocabulary, but first,

let's have the answer to the quiz

question. What was the name of

the ship Charles Darwin travelled on |vessel||||

when he made his discoveries

about evolution? Was it:

a) HMS Beagle, b) HMS Badger,

or c) HMS Bear?

What do you think, Neil?

Neil: Well, I'm pretty sure it's HMS Beagle.

Rob: Well, you are right. Charles Darwin

travelled on HMS Beagle.

Congratulations if you also

knew that. Now, on with today's

vocabulary. We were talking about

anxiety, a feeling of

being worried or scared, a feeling

that something isn't quite right. 뭔가 잘못되었다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.

Neil: Dr Nesse suggests that anxiety is

a result of natural selection.

This is the principle of

evolution whereby random changes in the |通过这种方式|||| |in which|||| |por meio de|||| تکامل که به موجب آن تغییرات تصادفی در 진화를 통해 进化,即随机改变

biology of a living thing can make it more زیست شناسی یک موجود زنده می تواند آن را بیشتر کند

likely to survive in

a particular environment.

Rob: These changes shape the

living thing. They make it what it is. 살아있는 것. 그들은 그것을 그대로 만듭니다.

They help it to cope with 다음 사항에 대처하는 데 도움이 됩니다.

different situations. Which means that

they help it manage or |||gerenciar|

deal with those situations.

Neil: A life-threatening situation is

a very dangerous situation which

could cause serious

injury or even death.

Rob: And finally there was the

phrasal verb to go off. For example, ||去|离开||| فعل عبارتی to go off. مثلا، 短语动词 go off。例如,

if an alarm goes off, |||响起| 如果警报响起,

it means that is starts making a loud 这意味着它开始发出响亮的声音

noise as a warning. Right,

before any alarms start

to go off here, we need to wrap up.

That's all from us today, do join us That is|||||||

next time. Until then,

you can find us online, on social media

and on our app. Look out for

bbclearningenglish.

Bye for now. 이만 끊겠습니다.

Neil: Goodbye!