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Oxford Online English, English Pronunciation Secrets - 5 Tips to Improve English Pronunciation

English Pronunciation Secrets - 5 Tips to Improve English Pronunciation

Hi, I'm Oli.

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

In this pronunciation lesson, you can see everything you need to think about in order

to pronounce one English sentence correctly.

You'll see that there's a lot to think about, even in just one sentence!

Let's look at our example: Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went

as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Try reading the sentence.

Is it difficult?

Easy?

Let's see what you need to think about to pronounce this sentence naturally and clearly.

The most basic thing to get right is the sounds.

Depending on what language you speak, you might find some English sounds more difficult

to pronounce than others.

In this sentence, which sounds do you find most difficult to pronounce?

‘Th' sounds are difficult for many English learners.

So, you might need to pay extra attention to the /ð/ sounds in although and smoothly,

and the /θ/ sound in everything.

What else?

Some vowel sounds can be challenging, like the /əʊ/ sound in although, or the /ɛː/

sound in perfectly.

Finally, pronouncing sounds right isn't just about pronouncing single sounds.

Sometimes, sounds which are easy to pronounce by themselves can become a problem when you

have to combine them with other sounds.

Again, which combinations are easy or difficult for you will depend on your native language.

For many English learners, the combination of /ð/ and /əʊ/ in although is difficult.

Although

Although

Consonant combinations, like the ‘pl' in planned or the ‘xp' in expect, are

also challenging for some English learners.

Planned

Expect

Now, you have a job to do.

Read the sentence aloud two or three times.

Find the sounds or sound combinations which are most difficult for you.

You can pause the video and do this now.

When you know which sounds you need to practice, start by just practicing the sound.

For example, if you chose the /ð/ sound, like the ‘th' in smoothly, then start

by just practicing the sound.

/ð/

Then, take a short word with the sound, like the, or this.

Say the words several times to practice.

Focus on getting the sound right.

Start slowly until you're sure you can pronounce it correctly.

Finally, practice with longer words, like smoothly, although or brother.

Again, say the words several times, and start slowly to make sure you get the sounds right.

In this way, you can improve your pronunciation of English sounds which are difficult for

you.

Next, let's talk about stress and prominence.

I'm guessing that most of you know what stress is, but some of you might be thinking:

what's prominence?

Prominence is similar to stress, but I'm going to use a different name because it's

not exactly the same, and I think it's useful for you to remember that these are two different

things.

Stress is found in words which have more than one syllable.

For example, in the word everything, the stress is on the first ‘e'.

Everything

Everything

In the word expect, the stress is on the second ‘e'.

Expect

Expect

Now, you can see the stress in the other words of the sentence:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Stress is fixed; it doesn't change.

The stress in expect is always on the second ‘e'.

Every time you say expect, you need to put stress in the same place.

So, what about prominence?

Prominence means that the key words and ideas in a sentence are emphasised.

It's similar to stress, because you're pronouncing some words and syllables more

strongly than others.

However, it's different to stress, because it's not fixed.

Prominence depends on the sentence and the situation.

The same sentence can have different prominent words depending on the speaker, or on the

situation.

Also, words which have one syllable don't have stress, but they can have prominence.

For example, all could be prominent in our example sentence.

You heard before that the prominent words in a sentence are the most important words

and ideas.

The prominent words are the words that carry the meaning of the sentence.

So, look at our sentence again.

Which words do you think will be prominent?

Think about it, and even if you're not sure, take a guess!

It doesn't matter if you get it wrong.

Pause the video if you want more thinking time.

Here's my suggestion.

Although we HADN'T PLANNED EVERYTHING PERFECTLY, it ALL went as SMOOTHLY as ANYONE could EXPECT.

Because prominence is flexible, this is only a suggestion.

If you want to emphasise different points, you might make some words more prominent.

For example:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Or, although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Or, although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Which is right?

They all are!

It depends on what you want to say.

This shows you another point: prominence can have different levels.

Some words can be more prominent than others; you can have different levels of prominence

in a sentence.

Stress and prominence are both essential for your English pronunciation.

When I meet English learners, I generally have no problems understanding people if they

make some mistakes with sounds.

But, if someone makes mistakes with stress, it can be really hard to understand them.

Think of stress and prominence as two layers over the sentence.

The first layer is the stress, which is fixed.

The second layer is the prominence, which is flexible.

You need to pronounce both together:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

The prominence might change, but the stress stays the same:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Try reading the sentence in different ways.

Change the prominent words.

Also, think about a question: how does changing the prominence change the meaning?

Why would you make some words prominent and not others?

That's a question to think about: there are many possible answers.

It's enough for now just to think about these ideas.

This will already help your English pronunciation!

Next, you're going to think about weak forms.

Weak forms are words which have a different pronunciation when they aren't prominent.

For example, look at the word as.

There are two.

These words aren't prominent, and the pronunciation in this sentence will change.

It's not /æz/; it's /əz/.

Which other words in our sentence have weak forms?

Do you know?

Could is definitely weak.

Its pronunciation changes from /kʊd/ to /kəd/.

There are other words which might be weak forms.

There's a grey area where it's hard to say if a word is definitely a weak form or

not.

For example, if you say the sentence very fast, the pronunciation of we might change

from /wiː/ to /wɪ/.

The pronunciation of hadn't might change from /hædnt/ to /hədnt/.

However, these changes don't always happen.

You'll only use these weak forms if you're speaking really fast.

For now, focus on the words which are definitely weak forms: as, as, and could.

Let's read the sentence with the weak forms:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went /əz/ smoothly /əz/ anyone /kəd/

expect.

Weak forms are closely connected to stress and prominence.

To sound natural in English, you need a clear contrast between syllables which are stressed

and syllables which are weak or unstressed.

Here's a tip: make the contrast as clear as possible.

To do this, pronounce the stressed and prominent syllables more strongly and clearly.

Pronounce the weak and unstressed syllables as fast as you can:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

You can hear that this contrast between stressed and unstressed gives the sentence a rhythm.

This rhythm is very important if you want to sound natural in English.

There's another point which is important for the rhythm of the sentence: intonation.

Intonation is how your voice moves up and down as you talk: whether your voice goes

higher or lower.

The easiest way to get the intonation right is simply to listen and try to copy it.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

For some of you, that might be enough.

However, in case you need more help, let's look at the intonation of this sentence in

more detail.

There are six basic intonation patterns in English: high, low, rising, falling, falling-rising

and rising-falling.

Each of these can be used in different ways.

For example, rising-falling intonation can be used to show excitement, surprise, or anger.

Also, like prominence, intonation isn't fixed.

Remember this point, because what I'll show you is not the only possibility.

First: you generally need a rising tone to show that your sentence is not finished.

That means perfectly gets a rising intonation.

To get this right, you need to start moving gradually upwards from the beginning of the

sentence.

Start with a falling-rising tone on although, then move upwards in small steps.

Then, make a bigger move upwards on perfectly.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly...

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly...

In the second half of the sentence, you need to do the opposite.

You use a falling tone to show that your sentence is finished.

So, expect needs a falling tone.

Again, start moving down in small steps from the start of the clause.

Then, make a bigger move downwards on expect.

...it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

...it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

You need to think about two things here.

Firstly, your intonation should move on every prominent word, but not on words which are

not prominent.

That means you need to move from low to high on everything—not much, but a little bit.

You need to move from high to low on smoothly—again, not a big movement.

Secondly, the last word of the clause should have a much bigger movement.

On perfectly, you also move low to high, but it's a much bigger movement than on everything,

or other prominent words in the first clause.

The same is true in the second clause.

You need a much bigger intonation change on expect.

Let's try the whole sentence.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

One more time.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Remember that intonation is flexible.

If you change the prominent words, or emphasise different points, then the intonation will

also change.

This is the basic, ‘neutral' intonation.

Wow!

So much to think about for just one sentence.

Let's look at one final point.

Linking means how you pronounce two words together as one continuous sound.

For example, if one word ends with a consonant sound, and the next word begins with the same

or a similar sound, you can link the sounds together, like this: as_smoothly.

If one word ends with a consonant sound, and the next word starts with a vowel sound, you

can link the sounds together, like this: planned_everything.

Can you find any other places in our sentence where you could link words?

Pause the video and think about it.

You could also link:

it_all went_as

as_anyone could_expect

Generally, when you speak English, you should connect words as much as possible.

Connecting words together will make your speaking more fluent and natural-sounding.

Thinking about linking will help you to do this.

Let's practice reading the sentence again, focusing on the links:

Although we hadn't planned_everything perfectly, it_all went_as_smoothly as_anyone could_expect.

One more time: Although we hadn't planned_everything perfectly, it_all went_as_smoothly as_anyone

could_expect.

You can see that there's a lot to think about when you pronounce even one sentence

in English!

Actually, there are even more points, but the things you've seen in this lesson are

the most important.

If you can master these, your English will sound clear, natural and fluent!

I have a question for you.

Which pronunciation point from the lesson do you find most challenging?

Please let us know in the comments!

Don't forget that you can see more of our free English lessons on our website: Oxford

Online English.com.

Thanks for watching and see you next time!

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English Pronunciation Secrets - 5 Tips to Improve English Pronunciation ||Secretos||||| Geheimnisse der englischen Aussprache - 5 Tipps zur Verbesserung der englischen Aussprache Secretos de pronunciación inglesa - 5 consejos para mejorar la pronunciación inglesa Secrets de prononciation de l'anglais - 5 conseils pour améliorer la prononciation de l'anglais Segreti di pronuncia inglese - 5 suggerimenti per migliorare la pronuncia inglese 英語発音の秘密 - 英語の発音を上達させる5つの秘訣 Uitspraakgeheimen Engels - 5 tips om de Engelse uitspraak te verbeteren Sekrety angielskiej wymowy - 5 wskazówek, jak poprawić angielską wymowę Segredos da pronúncia do inglês - 5 dicas para melhorar a pronúncia do inglês Секреты английского произношения - 5 советов по улучшению английского произношения İngilizce Telaffuz Sırları - İngilizce Telaffuzu Geliştirmek için 5 İpucu Секрети англійської вимови - 5 порад, як покращити англійську вимову 英语发音的秘密 - 提高英语发音的 5 个技巧 英語發音的秘密 - 5 個提升英語發音的技巧

Hi, I'm Oli. ||Oli

Welcome to Oxford Online English. ||Oxford||

In this pronunciation lesson, you can see everything you need to think about in order ||||||||||||||ordem

to pronounce one English sentence correctly. |pronunciar||||correctamente

You'll see that there's a lot to think about, even in just one sentence! |||||||||||apenas||

Let's look at our example: Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went |||||||||||它|| |||||||no habíamos|||||| |||||Embora||||||||

as smoothly as anyone could expect. |||||esperar

Try reading the sentence.

Is it difficult? Là khó khăn?

Easy?

Let's see what you need to think about to pronounce this sentence naturally and clearly. Hãy cùng xem bạn cần nghĩ đến điều gì để phát âm câu này một cách tự nhiên và rõ ràng nhé.

The most basic thing to get right is the sounds. Điều cơ bản nhất để làm đúng là âm thanh.

Depending on what language you speak, you might find some English sounds more difficult Tùy thuộc vào ngôn ngữ bạn nói, bạn có thể thấy một số âm tiếng Anh khó hơn

to pronounce than others.

In this sentence, which sounds do you find most difficult to pronounce? Trong câu này, bạn thấy âm nào khó phát âm nhất?

‘Th' sounds are difficult for many English learners. 音节||||||| Âm 'Th' rất khó đối với nhiều người học tiếng Anh.

So, you might need to pay extra attention to the /ð/ sounds in although and smoothly, |||||||||||||||スムーズに |||||||||||||||suavemente Vì vậy, bạn có thể cần phải chú ý nhiều hơn đến âm /ð/ một cách trôi chảy và mượt mà,

and the /θ/ sound in everything. và âm /θ/ trong mọi thứ.

What else? |mais Còn gì nữa?

Some vowel sounds can be challenging, like the /əʊ/ sound in although, or the /ɛː/ ||||||||||||||长元音 Деякі голосні звуки можуть бути складними, наприклад, звук /əʊ/ у слові although або /ɛː/. Một số nguyên âm có thể khó, chẳng hạn như âm /əʊ/ trong while hoặc /ɛː/

sound in perfectly. ||完璧に âm thanh hoàn hảo.

Finally, pronouncing sounds right isn't just about pronouncing single sounds. Cuối cùng, việc phát âm đúng các âm không chỉ là phát âm các âm đơn lẻ.

Sometimes, sounds which are easy to pronounce by themselves can become a problem when you Đôi khi, những âm thanh dễ phát âm có thể trở thành vấn đề khi bạn

have to combine them with other sounds. 有||||||

Again, which combinations are easy or difficult for you will depend on your native language. ||组合|||||||||||| Một lần nữa, sự kết hợp nào dễ hay khó đối với bạn sẽ phụ thuộc vào ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ của bạn.

For many English learners, the combination of /ð/ and /əʊ/ in although is difficult. |||||||||||although|| Đối với nhiều người học tiếng Anh, việc kết hợp /ð/ và /əʊ/ inthough là khó khăn.

Although

Although embora

Consonant combinations, like the ‘pl' in planned or the ‘xp' in expect, are |||||||||音节组合||| Các kết hợp phụ âm, như 'pl' trong kế hoạch hoặc 'xp' trong mong đợi, là

also challenging for some English learners.

Planned

Expect

Now, you have a job to do. Bây giờ, bạn có một công việc phải làm.

Read the sentence aloud two or three times. Đọc to câu đó hai hoặc ba lần.

Find the sounds or sound combinations which are most difficult for you. Tìm những âm thanh hoặc sự kết hợp âm thanh khó khăn nhất đối với bạn.

You can pause the video and do this now. Bạn có thể tạm dừng video và thực hiện việc này ngay bây giờ.

When you know which sounds you need to practice, start by just practicing the sound. Khi bạn biết mình cần luyện tập âm thanh nào, hãy bắt đầu bằng việc luyện tập âm thanh đó.

For example, if you chose the /ð/ sound, like the ‘th' in smoothly, then start

by just practicing the sound.

/ð/

Then, take a short word with the sound, like the, or this.

Say the words several times to practice.

Focus on getting the sound right. Tập trung vào việc có được âm thanh phù hợp.

Start slowly until you're sure you can pronounce it correctly. |devagar||||||||

Finally, practice with longer words, like smoothly, although or brother.

Again, say the words several times, and start slowly to make sure you get the sounds right. Một lần nữa, hãy nói các từ đó nhiều lần và bắt đầu từ từ để đảm bảo bạn phát âm đúng.

In this way, you can improve your pronunciation of English sounds which are difficult for Bằng cách này, bạn có thể cải thiện khả năng phát âm những âm tiếng Anh khó nghe của mình.

you.

Next, let's talk about stress and prominence. ||||||重音 ||||||重要性 Tiếp theo, hãy nói về sự căng thẳng và nổi bật.

I'm guessing that most of you know what stress is, but some of you might be thinking: |猜测||||||||||||||| Tôi đoán rằng hầu hết các bạn đều biết căng thẳng là gì, nhưng một số bạn có thể đang nghĩ:

what's prominence? |突出的地位 nổi bật là gì?

Prominence is similar to stress, but I'm going to use a different name because it's Sự nổi bật cũng tương tự như sự căng thẳng, nhưng tôi sẽ dùng một cái tên khác vì nó

not exactly the same, and I think it's useful for you to remember that these are two different không hoàn toàn giống nhau và tôi nghĩ sẽ hữu ích nếu bạn nhớ rằng đây là hai loại khác nhau

things.

Stress is found in words which have more than one syllable. ||||||||||音节 Trọng âm được tìm thấy trong những từ có nhiều hơn một âm tiết.

For example, in the word everything, the stress is on the first ‘e'. Ví dụ, trong từ mọi thứ, trọng âm ở chữ 'e' đầu tiên.

Everything

Everything

In the word expect, the stress is on the second ‘e'. 在(1)||||||||||

Expect

Expect

Now, you can see the stress in the other words of the sentence:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect. |||||perfeitamente||||||||| Mặc dù chúng tôi đã không lên kế hoạch cho mọi thứ một cách hoàn hảo nhưng mọi chuyện vẫn diễn ra suôn sẻ như mọi người có thể mong đợi.

Stress is fixed; it doesn't change. Căng thẳng là cố định; nó không thay đổi.

The stress in expect is always on the second ‘e'. Trọng âm trong mong đợi luôn ở chữ 'e' thứ hai.

Every time you say expect, you need to put stress in the same place.

So, what about prominence? Vậy còn sự nổi bật thì sao?

Prominence means that the key words and ideas in a sentence are emphasised. ||||||||||||强调 Nổi bật có nghĩa là những từ khóa và ý tưởng trong câu được nhấn mạnh.

It's similar to stress, because you're pronouncing some words and syllables more Nó tương tự như căng thẳng vì bạn phát âm một số từ và âm tiết nhiều hơn

strongly than others. mạnh mẽ hơn những người khác.

However, it's different to stress, because it's not fixed. no entanto|||||||| Tuy nhiên, nó khác với căng thẳng, vì nó không cố định.

Prominence depends on the sentence and the situation. Sự nổi bật phụ thuộc vào câu và tình huống.

The same sentence can have different prominent words depending on the speaker, or on the ||||||突出的||||||||

situation.

Also, words which have one syllable don't have stress, but they can have prominence. ||||一个||||||它们||| Auch Wörter, die eine Silbe haben, haben keinen Stress, können aber hervorgehoben werden. Ngoài ra, những từ có một âm tiết không có trọng âm nhưng có thể nổi bật.

For example, all could be prominent in our example sentence. Ví dụ: tất cả đều có thể nổi bật trong câu ví dụ của chúng tôi.

You heard before that the prominent words in a sentence are the most important words Bạn đã từng nghe rằng những từ nổi bật trong câu là những từ quan trọng nhất

and ideas.

The prominent words are the words that carry the meaning of the sentence. 这些|||是|||||||||

So, look at our sentence again. ||para|nossa|| Vì vậy, hãy nhìn lại câu của chúng tôi.

Which words do you think will be prominent? |||||||proeminentes Welche Wörter werden Ihrer Meinung nach prominent sein? Những từ nào bạn nghĩ sẽ nổi bật?

Think about it, and even if you're not sure, take a guess! |||||||||||tente Hãy suy nghĩ về điều đó và ngay cả khi bạn không chắc chắn, hãy đoán xem!

It doesn't matter if you get it wrong. ||importa||||| Không thành vấn đề nếu bạn làm sai.

Pause the video if you want more thinking time. Hãy tạm dừng video nếu bạn muốn có thêm thời gian suy nghĩ.

Here's my suggestion. Hier ist mein Vorschlag. Đây là gợi ý của tôi.

Although we HADN'T PLANNED EVERYTHING PERFECTLY, it ALL went as SMOOTHLY as ANYONE could EXPECT. Obwohl wir NICHT ALLES PERFEKT GEPLANT HABEN, lief ALLES so REIBUNGSLOS, wie JEDER ERWARTEN konnte.

Because prominence is flexible, this is only a suggestion. Vì sự nổi bật có tính linh hoạt nên đây chỉ là gợi ý.

If you want to emphasise different points, you might make some words more prominent. ||||destacar||||pode|||||

For example:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Or, although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Or, although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

Which is right? Cái nào đúng?

They all are!

It depends on what you want to say.

This shows you another point: prominence can have different levels. Das zeigt Ihnen einen weiteren Punkt: Prominenz kann verschiedene Stufen haben. Điều này cho bạn thấy một điểm khác: sự nổi bật có thể có nhiều cấp độ khác nhau.

Some words can be more prominent than others; you can have different levels of prominence

in a sentence.

Stress and prominence are both essential for your English pronunciation. Betonung und Hervorhebung sind beide für Ihre englische Aussprache unerlässlich.

When I meet English learners, I generally have no problems understanding people if they Khi tôi gặp những người học tiếng Anh, tôi thường không gặp khó khăn gì trong việc hiểu mọi người nếu họ

make some mistakes with sounds. mắc một số lỗi về âm thanh.

But, if someone makes mistakes with stress, it can be really hard to understand them.

Think of stress and prominence as two layers over the sentence. 考虑|||||||||| |||||||camadas||| Hãy coi trọng âm và sự nổi bật như hai lớp trong câu.

The first layer is the stress, which is fixed. ||||||que||

The second layer is the prominence, which is flexible.

You need to pronounce both together: Bạn cần phát âm cả hai cùng nhau:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

The prominence might change, but the stress stays the same: ||||但是||||| Sự nổi bật có thể thay đổi, nhưng sự căng thẳng vẫn giữ nguyên:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect. ||||||||||||||esperar

Try reading the sentence in different ways.

Change the prominent words. Thay đổi các từ nổi bật.

Also, think about a question: how does changing the prominence change the meaning? Ngoài ra, hãy nghĩ về một câu hỏi: việc thay đổi độ nổi bật sẽ thay đổi ý nghĩa như thế nào?

Why would you make some words prominent and not others? Tại sao bạn lại làm nổi bật một số từ còn những từ khác thì không?

That's a question to think about: there are many possible answers. Đó là một câu hỏi cần suy nghĩ: có rất nhiều câu trả lời khả thi.

It's enough for now just to think about these ideas. |suficiente|||||||| Bây giờ chỉ cần nghĩ về những ý tưởng này là đủ.

This will already help your English pronunciation! ||já||||

Next, you're going to think about weak forms. Tiếp theo, bạn sẽ nghĩ về dạng yếu.

Weak forms are words which have a different pronunciation when they aren't prominent. Dạng yếu là những từ có cách phát âm khác khi chúng không nổi bật.

For example, look at the word as. Ví dụ, hãy nhìn vào từ as.

There are two. Có hai.

These words aren't prominent, and the pronunciation in this sentence will change. Những từ này không nổi bật và cách phát âm trong câu này sẽ thay đổi.

It's not /æz/; it's /əz/. Đó không phải là /æz/; đó là /əz/.

Which other words in our sentence have weak forms?

Do you know?

Could is definitely weak. Có thể chắc chắn là yếu.

Its pronunciation changes from /kʊd/ to /kəd/. Cách phát âm của nó thay đổi từ /kʊd/ thành /kəd/.

There are other words which might be weak forms. Có những từ khác có thể ở dạng yếu.

There's a grey area where it's hard to say if a word is definitely a weak form or Có một vùng màu xám nơi rất khó để nói liệu một từ chắc chắn là dạng yếu hay

not.

For example, if you say the sentence very fast, the pronunciation of we might change ||||||por exemplo, se você disser a frase muito rápido, a pronúncia de nós pode mudar|||||||| Ví dụ: nếu bạn nói câu rất nhanh, cách phát âm của chúng tôi có thể thay đổi

from /wiː/ to /wɪ/. từ /wiː/ đến /wɪ/.

The pronunciation of hadn't might change from /hædnt/ to /hədnt/. |||||||||音标变化 Cách phát âm của had not có thể thay đổi từ /hædnt/ thành /hədnt/.

However, these changes don't always happen. no entanto||||| Tuy nhiên, những thay đổi này không phải lúc nào cũng xảy ra.

You'll only use these weak forms if you're speaking really fast. Bạn sẽ chỉ sử dụng những dạng yếu này nếu bạn nói rất nhanh.

For now, focus on the words which are definitely weak forms: as, as, and could. Bây giờ, hãy tập trung vào những từ chắc chắn ở dạng yếu: as, as và could.

Let's read the sentence with the weak forms: Chúng ta hãy đọc câu với các hình thức yếu:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went /əz/ smoothly /əz/ anyone /kəd/ Mặc dù chúng tôi không lên kế hoạch mọi thứ một cách hoàn hảo nhưng mọi chuyện vẫn diễn ra /əz/ suôn sẻ /əz/ bất kỳ ai /kəd/

expect. 期待

Weak forms are closely connected to stress and prominence.

To sound natural in English, you need a clear contrast between syllables which are stressed Để nghe tiếng Anh tự nhiên, bạn cần có sự tương phản rõ ràng giữa các âm tiết được nhấn mạnh

and syllables which are weak or unstressed. và các âm tiết yếu hoặc không được nhấn.

Here's a tip: make the contrast as clear as possible. |||||||claro|| Đây là mẹo: làm cho độ tương phản càng rõ ràng càng tốt.

To do this, pronounce the stressed and prominent syllables more strongly and clearly.

Pronounce the weak and unstressed syllables as fast as you can: Phát âm các âm tiết yếu và không bị nhấn nhanh nhất có thể:

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

You can hear that this contrast between stressed and unstressed gives the sentence a rhythm. |||||||estressado|||||||ritmo Bạn có thể nghe thấy rằng sự tương phản giữa nhấn mạnh và không nhấn mạnh mang lại nhịp điệu cho câu.

This rhythm is very important if you want to sound natural in English.

There's another point which is important for the rhythm of the sentence: intonation. Có một điểm khác cũng quan trọng đối với nhịp điệu của câu: ngữ điệu.

Intonation is how your voice moves up and down as you talk: whether your voice goes |||你的|||||||||||| Ngữ điệu là cách giọng nói của bạn di chuyển lên xuống khi bạn nói: giọng nói của bạn có đi hay không

higher or lower.

The easiest way to get the intonation right is simply to listen and try to copy it. Der einfachste Weg, die Intonation richtig hinzubekommen, besteht darin, einfach zuzuhören und zu versuchen, sie nachzuahmen.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect. Obwohl wir nicht alles perfekt geplant hatten, verlief alles so reibungslos, wie man es erwarten konnte. Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

For some of you, that might be enough. Für manche von euch mag das reichen. Đối với một số bạn, điều đó có thể là đủ.

However, in case you need more help, let's look at the intonation of this sentence in

more detail. chi tiết hơn.

There are six basic intonation patterns in English: high, low, rising, falling, falling-rising |||||padrões|||||crescente|descendente|descendente| Es gibt sechs grundlegende Intonationsmuster im Englischen: hoch, tief, steigend, fallend, fallend-steigend Có sáu mẫu ngữ điệu cơ bản trong tiếng Anh: cao, thấp, tăng, giảm, rơi tăng

and rising-falling. und steigend-fallend. và tăng giảm.

Each of these can be used in different ways. cada|||||||| Mỗi trong số này có thể được sử dụng theo những cách khác nhau.

For example, rising-falling intonation can be used to show excitement, surprise, or anger. Beispielsweise kann eine steigende und fallende Intonation verwendet werden, um Aufregung, Überraschung oder Wut auszudrücken. Ví dụ: ngữ điệu lên xuống có thể được sử dụng để thể hiện sự phấn khích, ngạc nhiên hoặc tức giận.

Also, like prominence, intonation isn't fixed. Ebenso wie die Hervorhebung ist die Intonation nicht festgelegt. Ngoài ra, giống như sự nổi bật, ngữ điệu không cố định.

Remember this point, because what I'll show you is not the only possibility. Merken Sie sich diesen Punkt, denn was ich Ihnen zeigen werde, ist nicht die einzige Möglichkeit. Hãy nhớ điểm này, vì điều tôi sắp chỉ cho bạn không phải là khả năng duy nhất.

First: you generally need a rising tone to show that your sentence is not finished. ||geralmente|||||||||||| Đầu tiên: thông thường bạn cần lên giọng để thể hiện rằng câu của bạn chưa kết thúc.

That means perfectly gets a rising intonation. Das heißt perfekt bekommt eine ansteigende Intonation. Điều đó có nghĩa là hoàn toàn có được một ngữ điệu tăng lên.

To get this right, you need to start moving gradually upwards from the beginning of the Um dies richtig zu machen, müssen Sie sich von Anfang an allmählich nach oben bewegen

sentence. câu.

Start with a falling-rising tone on although, then move upwards in small steps. Bắt đầu với âm trầm tăng dần ở mặc dù, sau đó di chuyển lên trên theo từng bước nhỏ.

Then, make a bigger move upwards on perfectly. Machen Sie dann eine größere Bewegung nach oben auf perfekt.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly...

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly...

In the second half of the sentence, you need to do the opposite. |||metade||||||||| Ở nửa sau của câu, bạn cần làm ngược lại.

You use a falling tone to show that your sentence is finished. |||||||||frase|| Bạn sử dụng thanh điệu rơi xuống để thể hiện rằng câu nói của bạn đã kết thúc.

So, expect needs a falling tone. Vì vậy, mong đợi cần một giai điệu rơi.

Again, start moving down in small steps from the start of the clause. Một lần nữa, bắt đầu di chuyển xuống từng bước nhỏ từ đầu mệnh đề.

Then, make a bigger move downwards on expect. |||||向下|| Sau đó, thực hiện một động thái giảm lớn hơn so với kỳ vọng.

...it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

...it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect. 一切|||||||| ...tất cả đều diễn ra suôn sẻ như mọi người có thể mong đợi.

You need to think about two things here.

Firstly, your intonation should move on every prominent word, but not on words which are Thứ nhất, ngữ điệu của bạn nên di chuyển theo từng từ nổi bật, nhưng không di chuyển theo những từ

not prominent.

That means you need to move from low to high on everything—not much, but a little bit. Điều đó có nghĩa là bạn cần phải chuyển từ thấp lên cao trong mọi thứ—không nhiều mà chỉ một chút thôi.

You need to move from high to low on smoothly—again, not a big movement. Bạn cần di chuyển từ cao xuống thấp một cách suôn sẻ—một lần nữa, không phải là chuyển động lớn.

Secondly, the last word of the clause should have a much bigger movement. |这||||||||||| Thứ hai, từ cuối cùng của mệnh đề cần có chuyển động lớn hơn nhiều.

On perfectly, you also move low to high, but it's a much bigger movement than on everything, 在(1)||||||||||||||||

or other prominent words in the first clause. hoặc những từ nổi bật khác ở mệnh đề đầu tiên.

The same is true in the second clause.

You need a much bigger intonation change on expect. Bạn cần một sự thay đổi ngữ điệu lớn hơn nhiều so với mong đợi.

Let's try the whole sentence. Hãy thử toàn bộ câu.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect.

One more time.

Although we hadn't planned everything perfectly, it all went as smoothly as anyone could expect. |||||||一切|||||||

Remember that intonation is flexible.

If you change the prominent words, or emphasise different points, then the intonation will Nếu thay đổi những từ nổi bật, hoặc nhấn mạnh những điểm khác thì ngữ điệu sẽ

also change.

This is the basic, ‘neutral' intonation. Đây là ngữ điệu cơ bản, 'trung tính'.

Wow!

So much to think about for just one sentence. Có quá nhiều điều để suy nghĩ chỉ trong một câu nói.

Let's look at one final point. |||||点 Hãy nhìn vào một điểm cuối cùng.

Linking means how you pronounce two words together as one continuous sound. ligação||||||||||| Liên kết có nghĩa là cách bạn phát âm hai từ với nhau thành một âm thanh liên tục.

For example, if one word ends with a consonant sound, and the next word begins with the same Ví dụ: nếu một từ kết thúc bằng một phụ âm và từ tiếp theo bắt đầu bằng cùng một phụ âm

or a similar sound, you can link the sounds together, like this: as_smoothly. hoặc một âm thanh tương tự, bạn có thể liên kết các âm thanh đó lại với nhau, như thế này: as_smoothly.

If one word ends with a consonant sound, and the next word starts with a vowel sound, you Nếu một từ kết thúc bằng một phụ âm và từ tiếp theo bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm, bạn

can link the sounds together, like this: planned_everything. có thể liên kết các âm thanh với nhau, như thế này: Planed_everything.

Can you find any other places in our sentence where you could link words? Bạn có thể tìm thấy bất kỳ vị trí nào khác trong câu của chúng tôi mà bạn có thể liên kết các từ không?

Pause the video and think about it.

You could also link: Bạn cũng có thể liên kết:

it_all went_as nó_tất cả đã diễn ra

as_anyone could_expect như_bất cứ ai cũng có thể_mong đợi

Generally, when you speak English, you should connect words as much as possible. Nói chung, khi nói tiếng Anh, bạn nên kết nối các từ càng nhiều càng tốt.

Connecting words together will make your speaking more fluent and natural-sounding. Việc kết nối các từ lại với nhau sẽ giúp bạn nói trôi chảy và nghe tự nhiên hơn.

Thinking about linking will help you to do this. Suy nghĩ về việc liên kết sẽ giúp bạn làm được điều này.

Let's practice reading the sentence again, focusing on the links:

Although we hadn't planned_everything perfectly, it_all went_as_smoothly as_anyone could_expect.

One more time: Although we hadn't planned_everything perfectly, it_all went_as_smoothly as_anyone |||||||||||correu||||

could_expect.

You can see that there's a lot to think about when you pronounce even one sentence |||||||||||||mesmo|| Bạn có thể thấy rằng có rất nhiều điều phải suy nghĩ khi bạn phát âm dù chỉ một câu

in English!

Actually, there are even more points, but the things you've seen in this lesson are Trên thực tế, thậm chí còn có nhiều điểm hơn, nhưng những điều bạn thấy trong bài học này là

the most important.

If you can master these, your English will sound clear, natural and fluent! Nếu bạn có thể nắm vững những điều này, tiếng Anh của bạn sẽ nghe rõ ràng, tự nhiên và trôi chảy!

I have a question for you.

Which pronunciation point from the lesson do you find most challenging? Bạn thấy điểm phát âm nào trong bài học khó nhất?

Please let us know in the comments! Xin vui lòng cho chúng tôi biết trong các ý kiến!

Don't forget that you can see more of our free English lessons on our website: Oxford

Online English.com.

Thanks for watching and see you next time!