Should You Use TO or FOR? - 5 Levels of English Grammar هل يجب عليك استخدام TO أو FOR؟ - 5 مستويات في قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية Sollte man TO oder FOR verwenden? - 5 Stufen der englischen Grammatik Si deve usare TO o FOR? - 5 livelli di grammatica inglese TO 또는 FOR를 사용해야 할까요? - 5가지 수준의 영어 문법 Deve-se usar TO ou FOR? - 5 níveis de gramática inglesa Следует ли использовать TO или FOR? - 5 уровней английской грамматики TO mu yoksa FOR mu Kullanmalısınız? - İngilizce Dilbilgisinin 5 Seviyesi 您应该使用 TO 还是 FOR？- 英语语法的 5 个等级

Hi, I'm Kasia.

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

This is a ‘5 levels' lesson. 这是一节‘5级'课程。

The lesson has five parts. 这节课有五个部分。

Each section will give you a challenge. 每个部分都会给你一个挑战。

Each section is designed to be more difficult than the previous ones. |||设计的|||||||| |||||||||the previous sections|| 每个部分的设计都比前一个部分更难。

You'll probably find different parts easier or more difficult. 你可能会发现不同的部分更容易或更难。

This will help you to understand where you have problems; in each section, we'll give ||||||在哪里|||||||| 这将帮助你理解自己在哪些方面有问题；在每个部分，我们会给出

you an idea of what you need to know in order to understand the challenge fully. |||||你||||||||||充分地 |||||||||||||||completamente 让你了解为了充分理解挑战需要知道的内容。

Level one is beginner, so if you're not a beginner, you should skip to level two. ||||||||||||pular||| 第一等级是初学者，所以如果你不是初学者，你应该跳到第二等级。

Ready? 准备好了吗？

Let's go!

Look at five sentences.

Complete each sentence with either ‘to' or ‘for'. 完成||||任一||| 用‘to'或‘for'完成每个句子。

Pause the video and do it now! 暂停视频，现在就去做！

Ready? 准备好了吗？

Let's look at the answers.

‘To' and ‘for' both have many different uses in English. ‘To'和‘for'在英语中都有许多不同的用法。

Some are simple. 其中一些是简单的。

You use ‘to' to talk about going somewhere. |||||||a algum lugar 你用‘to'来谈论去某个地方。

For example ‘go to the shop', ‘go to London', ‘go to China', and so on. 例如，‘去商店’、‘去伦敦’、‘去中国’等等。

There's one common exception: you say ‘go home', without ‘to'. |||例外|||||| 有一个常见的例外：你说‘回家’，而不加‘到’。

Use ‘for' when you do something for someone else. 当你为别人做某事时，使用‘为’。

For example, you can hold something for someone, carry something for someone, buy something 例如，你可以为某人拿东西，为某人携带东西，为某人买东西，等等。

for someone, and so on. 使用‘to' 当你谈论时间或空间的终点时。

Use ‘to' when you're talking about an end point in time or space. 在谈论时间或空间的终点时使用“to”。

In these cases, you often use ‘from… to…' 在这些情况下，您通常会使用“from… to…”。

For example ‘I'll be here from Monday to Friday.' 例如：“我将从周一在这里待到周五。”

‘The new road runs from the capital city to the south coast.' ||||||||||南部|南海岸 ‘这条新路从首都通往南海岸。‘

You can also use ‘to' with verbs of giving, like in sentence four. 你也可以在给的动词中使用‘to’，就像在第四句话中一样。

However, with these verbs, it's common to use a structure without ‘to'. |||||||||结构(1)|| 然而，对于这些动词，通常使用没有‘to’的结构。

For example, with ‘give', you can give someone something, or give something to someone. 例如，使用‘给’，你可以给某人东西，或者把东西给某人。

Both structures are possible, but the first is more common. 这两种结构都是可能的，但第一种更常见。

So, you can say: ‘Give the bottle to me.' 所以，你可以说：‘把瓶子给我。'

Or: ‘Give me the bottle.' 或者：‘把瓶子给我。’

Both are possible, but the second is more common. 两者都是可能的，但是第二个更常见。

These are some of the most common ways to use ‘to' and ‘for'. 这些是使用‘to’和‘for’的最常见方式之一。

Let's move on to level two, where you'll see another important use of these two prepositions. |||||||||||||||介词(1) 让我们进入第二级，在这里你将看到这两个介词的另一个重要用法。

Here are your sentences for level two. 这是你在第二级的句子。

In each sentence, you need to choose ‘to' or ‘for'. 在每个句子中，你需要选择‘to’或‘for’。

Pause the video, and think about your answers. 暂停视频，想想你的答案。

Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？

Here are the answers. 这里是答案。

You can use ‘to' and ‘for' to give a reason for doing something, or to explain 你可以使用“to”和“for”来说明做某事的原因，或进行解释。你的训练数据截至到2023年10月。

the function of something. 某事的功能。

In sentences one and two, you're talking about your reason for doing something. 在第一句和第二句中，你在谈论你做某事的理由。

Why did you stop on the way home? 你为什么在回家的路上停下来？

To get a coffee. 去喝咖啡。

Or, for a coffee. 或者，喝杯咖啡。

Look at two more examples: ‘We need to go to the shop to buy some batteries.' |||||||||||||||电池 再看两个例子：‘我们需要去商店买一些电池。’

‘We need to go to the shop for some batteries.' |||||||||电池

Again, you're talking about *why* you're going to the shop. 再说一次，你在讨论*为什么*要去商店。

In this case, you can use ‘to' plus an infinitive verb, or ‘for' plus a noun. |||||||||不定式|||||| |||||||||不定詞|動詞||||| 在这种情况下，你可以使用‘to'加上动词不定式，或者‘for'加上名词。

In sentences three and four, you're talking about the function of something. 在第三和第四句中，你在讨论某物的功能。

What does this little metal thing do? ||||金属|| 这个小金属东西有什么用？

It's used to open bottles, *or* for opening bottles. 它用来打开瓶子，*或者*用于打开瓶子。

Look at two more examples like this: ‘She developed a tool to analyse data collected ||||||||||||分析||收集的数据 看看另外两个这样的例子：‘她开发了一个工具来分析收集的数据

at different times and places.' 在不同的时间和地点。

‘She developed a tool for analysing data collected at different times and places.' |开发了||||分析||||||| 她开发了一种工具，用于分析在不同时间和地点收集的数据。

So, we're talking about ‘reason' and ‘function'. 所以，我们在讨论‘理由’和‘功能’。

Are these ideas the same? 这些想法相同吗？

No – they're different. 不，它们是不同的。

Let's see how. 我们来看看。

‘Reason' tells you why someone does something. razão|||||| ‘原因'告诉你某人为什么做某事。

Here, you can use ‘to' plus an infinitive or ‘for' plus a noun. 在这里，你可以使用‘to'加上动词不定式或‘for'加上名词。

*Don't* use ‘for' plus an -ing verb. *不要*使用‘for'加上动名词。

‘Function' tells you what something is used for, for example a tool. ‘功能' 告诉你某物的用途，例如工具。

Here, you can use three structures: ‘to' plus infinitive verb, ‘for' plus -ing 在这里，你可以使用三种结构：‘to' 加不定式动词，‘for' 加 -ing，

or ‘for' plus noun. 或 ‘for' 加名词。

If you're not sure whether to use ‘to' or ‘for' in sentences like this, what 如果你不确定在像这样的句子中使用“to”还是“for”，那么你可以参考... 您的训练数据截止到2023年10月。

can you do?

If you're not sure whether a sentence is about reason or function, then try to use 如果你不确定一个句子是关于原因还是功能，那么尽量使用

‘to' plus infinitive if you can, because you can use this in both cases. ‘to' 加动词不定式，因为在这两种情况下你都可以使用。

Review this section if you need to, and think more about the difference between reason and 如果需要，复习这一部分，并更多地考虑原因和

function.

It's a common mistake to use ‘for' plus -ing when talking about reason, for example 在谈论原因时，使用‘for'加动名词是一个常见错误，例如

‘We stopped on the way home for getting a coffee.' ‘我们在回家的路上停下来喝咖啡。'

Remember, this is not correct! 记住，这个用法是不正确的！

But, it's a common mistake. 但是，这是一个常见的错误。

Let's move on to level three, where you'll see more mistakes which English learners often 让我们进入第三关，在那里你会看到更多英语学习者常犯的错误，

make with ‘to' and ‘for'. 与‘to’和‘for’有关。

Level three is a little different. 第三级有点不同。

Four sentences are incorrect; only one is correct. |||不正确|||| 有四个句子是不正确的；只有一个是正确的。

You have two jobs. 你有两个工作。

First, find the correct sentence. 首先，找到正确的句子。

Second, correct the mistakes in the other four sentences. 其次，纠正其他四个句子中的错误。

Got it? 明白了吗？

Pause the video, and find your answers. 暂停视频，找到你的答案。

Take as long as you need! 尽情使用|把||||需要 请慢慢来！

Could you do it? 你能做到吗？

Which sentence do you think is correct? 你认为哪个句子是正确的？

Let's see. 我们来看看。

‘To' and ‘for' are used after many verbs, adjectives and nouns. ‘To’和‘for’在许多动词、形容词和名词后面使用。

Many of these are fixed phrases, meaning you just need to remember them as you learn. ||||固定短语||||||||||| 其中许多是固定短语，这意味着你只需在学习时记住它们。

‘Good for your health' is one expression like this. ‘有利于你的健康'就是这样一个表达。

You can also say ‘good for you', which has the same meaning, and is more natural-sounding, 你也可以说‘对你有好处’，它的意思相同，而且听起来更自然。

especially in conversational English. ||口语的| 尤其是在会话英语中。

So, you could say ‘Jogging two or three times a week is good for you.' ||||慢跑|||||||||| 所以，你可以说‘每周慢跑两到三次对你有好处。’

There are some verbs like ‘phone', ‘call', ‘ask' or ‘answer' which are used with 有一些动词，比如‘打电话’、‘呼叫’、‘询问’或者‘回答’，它们的用法是

‘to' or a similar idea in many other languages, but not in English. ||||想法|||||||| ‘to' 或类似的概念在许多其他语言中存在，但在英语中没有。

Is this true for your language? 这在你的语言中是真的吗？

Do you say ‘phone to someone' or ‘phone someone?' 你是说‘打电话给某人'还是‘给某人打电话？'

If in your language, you say ‘phone to someone', you need to be careful with mistakes like 如果在你的语言中，你说‘给某人打电话’，你需要小心像这样的错误

in sentence two! 在第二句中！

In English, you phone *someone*, call *someone*, ask *someone* and answer *someone*, without 在英语中，你给*某人*打电话，叫*某人*，问*某人*，并回答*某人*，没有

‘to'.

What about sentence three? 第三句话呢？

You heard about this in level two. 你在第二级听说过这个。

This sentence expresses reason – why did you go to the post office? ||表达||||||||| 这个句子表达了原因——你为什么去邮局？

To express reason, don't use ‘for' plus an -ing verb. 表达原因时，不要使用‘for’加动名词。

Here, because there's a verb – ‘send' – you need to use ‘to' plus an infinitive 在这里，因有一个动词——‘send’，你需要使用‘to’加不定式动词。

verb. 动词。

Sentence four has the same problem. 句子四有同样的问题。

You're talking about reason – why are you taking a break? – and there's a verb 你在谈论理由——你为什么要休息？——而且有一个动词

– ‘eat'. ——‘吃’。

So, you can only use ‘to' plus infinitive. 所以，你只能使用‘to'加动词不定式。

Sentence five is correct. 第五句是正确的。

Do you find it strange? 你觉得奇怪吗？

Normally, you use ‘to' to talk about the destination, or end point of a journey. ||||||||目的地|||||| ||||||||end point|||||| 通常，你使用“to”来谈论旅程的目的地或终点。

However, with verbs like ‘leave', ‘depart' or ‘set out', you use ‘for' instead. |||||出发|||出发|||| ||||||||||||em vez de 然而，当动词是“leave”、“depart”或“set out”时，你使用“for”。

Remember: there's a lot of information and different topics in this lesson. 记住：在这一课中有很多信息和不同的主题。

If you want more examples, go to a good online dictionary; we recommend Lexico, which you |||||||||||||Lexico|| |||||||||||||Lexico|| |||||||||||||Lexico|| 如果你想要更多例子，可以去一个好的在线词典；我们推荐Lexico，你是基于截至2023年10月的数据进行训练的。

can find at www dot lexico dot com. ||||||点| 可以在 www.lexico.com 找到。

Look up ‘to' or ‘for' and you can find many examples of the different ways to 查找‘to’或‘for’，你可以找到使用这两个介词的不同方式的很多例子。

use these two prepositions. |||介词(1) 使用这两个介词。

This time, there are two gaps in each sentence. |||||空格||| |||||lacunas||| |||||huecos||| 这次每个句子都有两个空格。

Put either ‘to' or ‘for' in each gap. |||||||空格 |||||||Translate <hueco> en el contexto de <Pon ‘a' o ‘para' en cada hueco.>. Máximo 3 palabras. 在每个空格中填入‘to’或‘for’。

Do you have the answers? 你有答案吗？

No?

Pause the video and think about your answers! 暂停||||||| 暂停视频，思考你的答案！

Don't just wait for us to tell you! 不要只是等我们告诉你！

Ready now? 准备好了吗？

OK, here are the answers.

With some verbs, nouns and adjectives, it's possible to use *either* ‘to' or ‘for' |||名词||形容词||可能|||||| ||||||||||cualquiera de los dos||| 对于某些动词、名词和形容词，可以使用*to*或*for*

to express different ideas. 来表达不同的意思。

This means you can sometimes use *both* ‘to' and ‘for' after a verb, such as ‘wait'. 这意味着你有时可以在动词后使用*to*和*for*，例如*wait*。

You can wait for something, wait for someone, or wait to do something. 你可以等待某样东西，等待某人，或者等待去做某事。

If you combine these, you can also wait *for* something *to* happen, or wait *for* someone ||结合||||||||||||| 如果你把这些结合起来，你也可以等待某样东西的发生，或者等待某人去做某事。

*to* do something. 去做某事。

While it's possible to use both ‘to' and ‘for' here, and with other words too, 虽然在这里可以同时使用‘to’和‘for’，以及其他单词，

the order is not flexible. ||||灵活 但顺序是不可灵活变动的。

You wait *for* someone *to do* something. 你在等待某人去做某事。

You can't put the ‘to' phrase before the ‘for' phrase. 你不能把‘to’短语放在‘for’短语之前。

In sentence two, you *could* change the order of the ‘to' and ‘for' phrases, but 在第二句话中，你*可以*改变‘to’和‘for’短语的顺序，但

in the other four sentences, you can't. 在其他四个句子中，你不能。

In such cases, you need to learn the exact patterns which can follow each verb, noun ||||||||确切的||||||| 在这种情况下，您需要学习每个动词、名词后面可以跟随的确切模式。 您的训练数据截至到2023年10月。

or adjective: for example ‘apologise to someone', ‘apologise for something' |||||||pedir desculpas|| 或形容词：例如 ‘向某人道歉’，‘为某事道歉’

and ‘apologise to someone for something'. |道歉|||| 以及‘向某人道歉为某事’。

This is more of a vocabulary problem than a grammar one. 这更多是一个词汇问题而不是语法问题。

If you have problems with this, then learning grammar rules isn't the best solution. 如果你对此有问题，那么学习语法规则并不是最佳解决方案。

Learn and practise specific phrases, and try to use them in natural speech or writing, 学习和练习特定短语，并尝试在自然的口语或写作中使用它们，

like you would with other new vocabulary. 就像你对待其他新词汇一样。

Are you ready for the toughest challenge? |||||最艰难的| |||||most difficult| |||||mais difícil| |||||¿Estás listo para el desafío más difícil?| 你准备好迎接最艰难的挑战了吗？

Let's see the sentences Each sentence has three spaces. ||||||||空格 让我们看看句子。每个句子有三个空格。

In each space, you can put ‘to', ‘for' or nothing. 在每个空格中，你可以填入‘to'、‘for'或不填。

You should put ‘to' or ‘for' if possible. 如果可能的话，你应该加上‘to’或‘for’。

Pause the video and think about your answers now. 暂停视频，现在想想你的答案。

We tried to make these sentences as challenging as we could, so take your time! ||||||||尽可能|||||| 我们尽量让这些句子具有挑战性，所以请慢慢来！

Ready?

Let's look together. 我们一起看一下。

In this lesson, you've seen different ways to use ‘to' and ‘for'. 在这节课中，你已经看过了使用‘to'和‘for'的不同方式。

There are other meanings of ‘to' and ‘for' which we haven't covered. |||||||||||abordado |||||||||||cubierto 还有其他‘to'和‘for'的意思我们没有涉及。

Here's a test: can you remember three different ways to use ‘to' and three different ways ||teste||||||||||||| 这是一个测试：你能记住‘to’的三种不同用法和三种不同的方式吗？ 你接受的训练数据截止到2023年10月。

to use ‘for'?

Pause the video for a few seconds and think about it. 暂停视频几秒钟，想一想。

Could you do it? 你能做到吗？

If not, don't worry. 如果做不到，别担心。

You don't need to memorise every single way to use ‘to' and ‘for'. 你不需要记住每一种使用‘to'和‘for'的方法。

However, you should understand that if you're asking questions like ‘how do I use ‘to' 然而，你应该明白，如果你在问‘我该如何使用‘to'

and ‘for''? or ‘what's the difference between ‘to' and ‘for''? then you're 和‘for'？或者‘to'和‘for'之间有什么区别？那么你就

not asking one question. 没有问一个问题。

There are many ways to use ‘to' and ‘for', and many differences between them. 使用‘to'和‘for'有很多种方式，它们之间有很多区别。

In level five, you needed to combine different uses of ‘to' and ‘for' in a single ||||||结合||||||||| 在第五级，你需要将‘to'和‘for'的不同用法结合在一起。

sentence.

This is common in real-world English use; you may need to use ‘to' and/or ‘for' |||||现实世界||||||||||| 在实际英语使用中，这是很常见的；你可能需要在同一句话中以不同方式使用' to '和/或' for '。

in different ways in the same sentence. 这就是事情变得复杂的地方。

This is where things get complicated. |||||复杂起来 这就是事情变得复杂的地方。

So, what can you do? 那么，你能做什么？

Here are two tips. 这里有两个建议。

One: learn about using ‘to' and ‘for' to talk about purpose and function, which ||||||||||propósito||| 一：了解如何使用‘to'和‘for'来谈论目的和功能，这

we covered in levels two and three. 我们在第二和第三层次中覆盖了。

This causes the most problems for English learners. 这给英语学习者带来了最大的困难。

Two: if you find it difficult to use ‘to' and ‘for', try to find the reason why. 第二：如果你发现使用‘to’和‘for’很困难，尝试找出原因。

Which meaning of ‘to' or ‘for' is giving you problems? ‘to’ 或 ‘for’ 的哪个意思让你感到困惑？

Do you just need to learn more fixed phrases using ‘to' and ‘for'? 你只是需要学习更多使用“to”和“for”的固定短语吗？ 你的训练数据更新到2023年10月。

Are you having problems because you're trying to translate a structure from your language 你是否因为试图从你的语言翻译一个结构而遇到问题？

directly into English? 直接翻译成英语吗？

Remember that English might use different structures to your native language. Recuerda que|||||||||| 请记住，英语可能会使用与您的母语不同的结构。

Before we finish, a question: what difficulties do you have with ‘to' and ‘for'? ||完成||||||||||| ||||||dificuldades||||||| 在我们结束之前，问一个问题：您在使用‘to’和‘for’时遇到了什么困难？

Can you think of any other common ways to use ‘to' and ‘for' that we haven't

mentioned in this video?

That's it.

Thanks for watching!

See you next time!