Understand English Grammar and Sentence Structure - Strange Sentences 理解||||||| |English language||and|Strange Sentence|Sentence formation|| Englische Grammatik und Satzstruktur verstehen - Seltsame Sätze Understand English Grammar and Sentence Structure - Strange Sentences Comprender la gramática inglesa y la estructura de las frases - Frases extrañas Comprendre la grammaire anglaise et la structure des phrases - Phrases étranges Capire la grammatica inglese e la struttura delle frasi - Frasi strane 英文法・文型を理解する - 変な文章編 영어 문법과 문장 구조 이해 - 이상한 문장들 Engelse grammatica en zinsbouw begrijpen - Vreemde zinnen Zrozumieć angielską gramatykę i strukturę zdań - Dziwne zdania Compreender a gramática inglesa e a estrutura das frases - Strange Sentences Понимание английской грамматики и структуры предложения - Странные предложения İngilizce Dilbilgisi ve Cümle Yapısını Anlamak - Garip Cümleler Розуміння англійської граматики та структури речень - дивні речення 了解英语语法和句子结构 - 奇怪的句子 了解英语语法和句子结构 - 奇怪的句子

Hi, I'm Marie. ||Marie

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

In this lesson, you're going to see nine strange sentences. ||lição||||||| In dieser Lektion lernst du neun seltsame Sätze kennen.

Have you seen the nine sentences yet? ||||||schon |||||sentences one| Haben Sie die neun Sätze schon gesehen?

If not, look below the video and read them. ||||||||eles Wenn nicht, schauen Sie unter dem Video nach und lesen Sie sie.

What do you think?

Which ones are correct? Welche davon sind richtig?

Actually, all nine sentences are correct. Eigentlich sind alle neun Sätze richtig.

But, we're sure at least some of these sentences look weird to you. ||||||||||estranhas|| Aber wir sind sicher, dass zumindest einige dieser Sätze für Sie seltsam aussehen.

In this video, we'll analyse each of these sentences, so that you can understand how ||||analysieren|||||||||| ||||analizaremos|||||||||| ||||przeanalizujemy|||||||||| In diesem Video werden wir jeden dieser Sätze analysieren, damit Sie verstehen können, wie

they work. sie funktionieren.

Look at our first three sentences: ‘Have you ever had to have a tooth extracted?' |||||||||||||dent|extraites ||||||||alguma vez|||||dente| ||||||có||||||||nhổ |||||||||||||Zahn|ziehen ||||||||||||||拔出 |||||||||||||diente|extraída Sehen Sie sich unsere ersten drei Sätze an: "Mussten Sie sich schon einmal einen Zahn ziehen lassen?

‘I would have had to stay longer if I hadn't had to go to have my car repaired.' |||||||si|||||||||| |||||||||nicht|||||||| ||||||mais tempo||||||||||| Ich hätte länger bleiben müssen, wenn ich nicht mein Auto hätte reparieren lassen müssen.

‘All the medicine he had had had had little effect.' ||Medizin|||||||Wirkung ||||tinha|tinha|||| Alle Medikamente, die er bekommen hatte, zeigten kaum Wirkung.

What connects these three sentences? che||||

All three sentences play with different ways to use ‘have'. ||le frasi||||||| In allen drei Sätzen wird der Begriff "haben" auf unterschiedliche Weise verwendet.

‘Have' can be a main verb which describes a state, like ‘I have a new computer,' |peut|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||Computer 'Haben' kann ein Hauptverb sein, das einen Zustand beschreibt, wie 'Ich habe einen neuen Computer'.

or which describes an action, like ‘I'm having lunch right now.' أو الذي يصف إجراءً ، مثل "أتناول الغداء الآن". oder der eine Handlung beschreibt, wie z. B. "Ich esse gerade zu Mittag".

‘Have' can also be an auxiliary verb, which is used in perfect verb forms. |||||助动词|||||||| |||||czasownik posiłkowy||||||||

There's the verb ‘have to', which you use to talk about obligations and rules. |||||||||||义务|| |||||||||||Verpflichtungen|| |||||||||||obowiązki||

Finally, there are some fixed phrases with ‘have', like ‘have something done', ||||feste||||||| Schließlich gibt es einige feste Sätze mit "haben", wie z. B. "etwas getan haben",

which you use when you pay someone else to do something for you. ||||||para|para outra pessoa||||| die Sie verwenden, wenn Sie jemanden dafür bezahlen, etwas für Sie zu tun.

For example, you could say, ‘I had my hair cut yesterday,' meaning that you paid someone ||||||||Haare||||||| Sie könnten zum Beispiel sagen: "Ich habe mir gestern die Haare schneiden lassen", was bedeutet, dass Sie jemanden bezahlt haben.

else to cut your hair.

When you use many of these forms of ‘have' in one sentence, you can get strange results, |||||||||||||||奇怪的结果| ||||||||||||||||Ergebnisse Wenn Sie viele dieser Formen von "haben" in einem Satz verwenden, können Sie seltsame Ergebnisse erzielen,

like: ‘Have you ever had to have a tooth extracted?' zum Beispiel: "Mussten Sie sich schon einmal einen Zahn ziehen lassen?

Here, you use ‘have' in three different ways.

The first ‘have' is an auxiliary verb, because the question is present perfect. |||||助动词||||||| |||||trợ động từ||||||| Das erste "haben" ist ein Hilfsverb, da die Frage im Perfekt steht.

The second ‘have' is part of the verb ‘have to', to talk about an obligation. ||||||||||||||义务 ||||||||||||||Verpflichtung ||||||||||||||nghĩa vụ Das zweite "have" ist Teil des Verbs "have to", um von einer Verpflichtung zu sprechen.

Finally, the third ‘have' is part of the phrase ‘have a tooth extracted'. Das dritte "haben" schließlich ist Teil des Satzes "einen Zahn ziehen lassen".

What does this mean? 这|||

Do you remember?

It means that you're paying someone else to do something for you.

Here, it means that you're paying a dentist to pull your tooth out; you're not trying |||||||Zahnarzt|||||||| Hier bedeutet es, dass Sie einen Zahnarzt bezahlen, um Ihren Zahn zu ziehen; Sie versuchen nicht

to do it yourself.

So, can you explain the meaning of the full sentence? |||||então, você pode explicar o significado da frase completa?|||| Können Sie die Bedeutung des ganzen Satzes erklären?

The question is asking about your past experience, and whether you've ever needed to go to Die Frage bezieht sich auf Ihre bisherigen Erfahrungen und darauf, ob Sie schon einmal zu einem Arzt gehen mussten.

the dentist's to have a tooth pulled out. |牙医|||||| |Zahnarztpraxis|||||| zum Zahnarzt gehen, um einen Zahn ziehen zu lassen.

Does this make sense now? 这|||| Ergibt das jetzt einen Sinn?

If not, remember that you can always go back and review parts of the video which are difficult

for you.

Let's look at our next sentence: ‘I would have had to stay longer if I hadn't had ||||||||||||mais tempo|||| Schauen wir uns den nächsten Satz an: "Ich hätte länger bleiben müssen, wenn ich nicht die

to go to have my car repaired.' um mein Auto reparieren zu lassen'.

Can you work out what's going on here? Können Sie herausfinden, was hier vor sich geht?

Here's a clue: it's similar to the last sentence you saw, but a little more complicated. ||Hinweis|||||||||||||komplizierter

The first ‘have' is an auxiliary. Das erste "haben" ist ein Hilfswort.

You use ‘have' after ‘would' to show that you're talking about the past.

In this case, you're talking about the imaginary past: something which didn't really happen. |||||||虚构的|||||| |||||||imaginären|||||| In diesem Fall geht es um eine imaginäre Vergangenheit: etwas, das nicht wirklich passiert ist.

Then, you use ‘have to' to talk about an obligation. Dann verwenden Sie "müssen", um von einer Verpflichtung zu sprechen.

The third ‘have', after ‘if', is another auxiliary.

Again, you use ‘have' here to show that you're talking about the past, in this case

the imaginary past.

There's another ‘have to', again expressing an obligation. |||||||义务

The final ‘have' is part of the phrase ‘have my car repaired', meaning that you're ||||||||||||significado||

paying someone else to repair your car for you. ||||reparieren||||

Now, you should be able to explain the overall meaning of the sentence; can you do it? ||||||||geral|||||||| Jetzt sollten Sie in der Lage sein, die Gesamtbedeutung des Satzes zu erklären; können Sie das?

The sentence means that you needed to take your car to be repaired, but if you hadn't Der Satz bedeutet, dass Sie Ihr Auto zur Reparatur bringen mussten, aber wenn Sie das nicht getan hätten

needed to do this, you would have needed to stay longer at the meeting or event or whatever

you're talking about.

What about our last sentence? Was ist mit unserem letzten Satz?

‘All the medicine he had had had had little effect.' Alle Medikamente, die er bekommen hatte, zeigten kaum Wirkung.

This one is a little different.

Can you see what's happening here? Können Sie sehen, was hier passiert?

Two of the ‘hads' are auxiliary verbs, and two are main verbs. |||had|||||||| |||hads||||||||

This sentence is talking about sometime in the past, and it says that all of the medicine |||||irgendwann|||||||||||

he had taken before that time hadn't worked. ||tinha tomado|||||

The sentence uses two meanings of ‘have': ‘have medicine', meaning to take medicine, In dem Satz werden zwei Bedeutungen von "haben" verwendet: "Medizin haben", d. h. Medizin einnehmen,

and ‘have an effect', which is a fixed collocation, like ‘have a result' or ‘have ||||||||||||Ergebnis|| und "eine Wirkung haben", was eine feste Kollokation ist, wie "ein Ergebnis haben" oder "haben

an influence'. |Einfluss

This sentence looks very confusing when it's written down, but in speech it hopefully sounds ||||verwirrend|||||||||| |||||||||||||esperançosamente| Dieser Satz sieht sehr verwirrend aus, wenn er aufgeschrieben ist, aber beim Sprechen klingt er hoffentlich

more logical. |logisch

Let's try once more: ‘All the medicine he h/ə/d had || h/ə/d had little effect.' |||||||||||avait eu|||||| |||||||||a||||||||

The two auxiliary verbs are pronounced weakly, meaning that the ‘h' sound either partly ||||||弱||||||| Les||||||faiblement||||||| |||||ausgesprochen|schwach|||||||teilweise ||||||weakly = in a weak manner|||||||

or completely disappears, and the vowel sound is reduced to a schwa: /ə/. ||verschwinden|||||||||Schwa| |||||samogłoska, dźwięk szwa|||||||

The main verbs have their full pronunciation, with /h/ and a full vowel sound: /hæd/. ||||||||||||||had ||||||||||||||hæd ||||seus||||||||||

Also, this sentence is very grammatically simple; there's a subject: ‘all the medicine Außerdem ist dieser Satz grammatikalisch sehr einfach; es gibt ein Subjekt: "alle Medikamente

he had had', a verb, ‘had had', and a complement: ‘little effect'.

You can hear that there's a short pause between the subject and the verb.

This helps to make all of the ‘hads' clear to your listener. |||||||||||Zuhörer

This is an important point, especially for your listening: ‘have' as an auxiliary

verb needs to be reduced and pronounced weakly in most cases, while ‘have' in main verbs

keeps its full pronunciation. behält|||

And if you're thinking, ‘pronounced weakly'? |||||fracamente

What is he talking about?

Learn about weak forms; there's at least one video on our channel which will explain ||schwache|||||||||||| ||||||pelo menos|||||||| Erfahren Sie mehr über schwache Formen; es gibt mindestens ein Video auf unserem Kanal, das dies erklärt

this to you, and it's a really useful topic to study. und es ist ein wirklich nützliches Thema, das man studieren sollte.

Okay, let's move on and look at our next group of sentences.

Let's read the sentences together: ‘The party was almost over at around ten thirty.' |||||||||||||halb elf Lesen wir die Sätze gemeinsam: "Die Party war gegen halb elf fast zu Ende".

‘The cat jumped out from behind the sofa.' |Katze|sprang||||| |||||||sofá Die Katze ist hinter dem Sofa hervorgesprungen.

‘She gets in in the morning.' Sie kommt am Morgen.

Before we look at these, we want to ask you a question. Bevor wir uns diese ansehen, möchten wir Ihnen eine Frage stellen.

What do prepositions do? Was bewirken die Präpositionen?

Prepositions can do many things. 介词功能多|||| Giới từ||||

They can be used to express time, like ‘It starts at eight o'clock.'

They can be used to express where something is; for example, ‘It's in the cupboard, ||||||||||||||Schrank

on the bottom shelf.' ||unteren|Regal ||na prateleira de baixo.|na prateleira de baixo. auf dem untersten Regal.'

They can express motion, as in, ‘She walked towards the lake.' |||mouvement||||||| |||Bewegung||||||| Sie können eine Bewegung ausdrücken, wie z. B. "Sie ging auf den See zu".

Prepositions can be used in combination with nouns, verbs, or adjectives; they can also |||||Kombination||||||||

be used in phrasal verbs, like ‘get up'. |||phrasal|||| in Phrasalverben verwendet werden, wie z. B. "aufstehen".

Finally, prepositions can also function as adjectives in some cases. Schließlich können Präpositionen in einigen Fällen auch als Adjektive fungieren.

For example, the preposition ‘over' can be used to mean ‘finished'. Die Präposition "vorbei" kann zum Beispiel für "fertig" verwendet werden.

Like you saw with the different meanings of ‘have', when you combine all of these |||||||||||结合||| |||||||||||kombinierst|||

different ways to use prepositions in one sentence, you can get some strange-looking verschiedene Möglichkeiten, Präpositionen in einem Satz zu verwenden, können Sie einige seltsam anmutende

results.

Let's look at our first sentence: ‘The party was almost over at around ten thirty.' |||||||||fast||||| ||||||||||acabando|||| Schauen wir uns den ersten Satz an: "Die Party war gegen halb elf fast zu Ende".

This sentence contains three prepositions all together. ||enthält||||

What are they all doing? Was machen sie alle?

The first, ‘over', technically isn't a preposition; it's an adjective which describes |||technisch||||||||

the noun ‘party', and it means ‘finished'.

Then, you have two prepositions describing when the party finished: ‘at around ten Dann gibt es zwei Präpositionen, die beschreiben, wann die Party zu Ende war: "um etwa zehn

thirty'.

The second sentence is similar.

The word ‘out' is technically an adverb; it adds information to the verb ‘jumped'; Das Wort "out" ist technisch gesehen ein Adverb; es fügt dem Verb "gesprungen" Informationen hinzu;

then, you have two prepositions in a row. |||||||hintereinander |||||||seguida

Let's look: ‘The cat jumped out from behind the sofa.' Schauen wir nach: "Die Katze sprang hinter dem Sofa hervor.

Can you explain what the prepositions are doing here? |||||le preposizioni|||

‘Out'—which, remember, is an adverb—goes with the verb ‘jump'. Out" ist ein Adverb, das mit dem Verb "springen" einhergeht.

The cat jumped out, meaning that the cat wasn't visible before it jumped. Die Katze ist herausgesprungen, was bedeutet, dass die Katze nicht sichtbar war, bevor sie gesprungen ist.

Then, the two prepositions describe the movement and position of the cat. Dann beschreiben die beiden Präpositionen die Bewegung und die Position der Katze.

They tell you where the cat was before it jumped out: it was behind the sofa.

Overall, the sentence means that the cat was hidden behind the sofa, and then it jumped ||||||||versteckt||||||| geral|||||||||||||||

out and you saw it.

Finally, let's look at our last sentence, which is possibly the most confusing! |||||||||vielleicht||| Betrachten wir schließlich unseren letzten Satz, der vielleicht der verwirrendste ist!

She gets in in the morning. Sie kommt am Morgen an.

Can you see what's happening here?

Although it looks strange to have the word ‘in' twice in a row, it's both logical obwohl|||||||||zweimal||||||

and quite common in English.

Like the other sentences in this section, one of the ‘ins' isn't actually a preposition. ||||||||||ins|||| Wie bei den anderen Sätzen in diesem Abschnitt ist eines der "ins" eigentlich keine Präposition.

The first ‘in' is an adverb, and it's part of the phrasal verb ‘get in', meaning

to arrive.

Then, the second ‘in' is a preposition of time: it tells you when she arrives. ||||||||||sagt||||

So, the meaning of this sentence is: ‘She arrives in the morning.'

There's something which connects all of the sentences you've seen.

These sentences can be confusing because the same word in English can do many different Essas||||||||||||||

jobs.

For example, ‘have' can be a main verb or an auxiliary verb.

‘In' can be an adverb or a preposition.

If you understand parts of speech and how these sentences are constructed, you'll |||||||||||konstruiert| |||||discurso||||||| Wenn Sie die Wortarten verstehen und wissen, wie diese Sätze aufgebaut sind, werden Sie

see that all of these sentences follow the rules, even if they look weird! Sieh zu, dass alle diese Sätze den Regeln folgen, auch wenn sie komisch aussehen!

Next, let's look at our last group of sentences. Betrachten wir nun unsere letzte Gruppe von Sätzen.

Let's read the sentences together: ‘That said, that article that I read argues that ||||||||||||soutient que| ||||||||Artikel||||argumentiert| |||||Isso|||||||| Lesen wir die Sätze zusammen: "In dem Artikel, den ich gelesen habe, wird jedoch behauptet, dass

that interpretation is incorrect.' |解释|| |Interpretation||

‘If it's like that, then that's it.' Wenn das so ist, dann war's das.

‘There are their bags, over there.' |||Taschen|| Dort drüben sind ihre Taschen.

Again, these sentences are confusing because the same word, like ‘that' or ‘there',

can do more than one job. kann mehr als eine Aufgabe erfüllen.

Also, in one sentence, you have to deal with homophones—words which have the same pronunciation, |||||||||同音异义词|||||| |||||||||homophones—mots homophones|||||| |||||||||Homophonen|||||| |||||||||omofoni|||||| |||||||||từ đồng âm|||||| Außerdem haben Sie es in einem Satz mit Homophonen zu tun - Wörtern, die gleich ausgesprochen werden,

but a different meaning.

Let's start with a question: what does ‘that' mean? |||||||that|

How many ways can you think of to use ‘that'?

First, ‘that' can be used as a determiner, like ‘this' or ‘these'. |||||||限定词|||| |||||||Bestimmungswort|||| Erstens kann "dass" als Bestimmungswort verwendet werden, wie "dies" oder "diese".

You can use ‘that' to point to one thing which is distant from you. Sie können "das" verwenden, um auf eine Sache hinzuweisen, die weit von Ihnen entfernt ist.

You can use ‘that' as a conjunction, for example, ‘She told me that I had a nice ||||||liên từ|||||||||| ||||||Konjunktion|||||||||| ||||||||||||que|||| Sie können "dass" als Konjunktion verwenden, z. B. "Sie sagte mir, dass ich einen schönen

voice.' Stimme.'

‘That' can be a relative pronoun, similar to ‘who' or ‘which'. |||||das||||| ||||||||||que

Finally, ‘that' is used in many fixed phrases, like ‘that's it', which means Schließlich wird "das" in vielen festen Sätzen verwendet, wie z. B. "das war's", was bedeutet

that something is finished.

With this information, can you understand what's happening in our sentences?

If not, don't worry; we'll look together!

Look at the first sentence: ‘That said, that article that I read argues that that Sehen Sie sich den ersten Satz an: "In dem Artikel, den ich gelesen habe, wird jedoch behauptet, dass

interpretation is incorrect.'

First, you have ‘that said', which is a linking phrase. ||||||||verbindende|

‘That said' introduces a contrasting idea. ||||contrastée| ||||entgegengesetzte| That said" führt einen kontrastierenden Gedanken ein.

It's similar to words like ‘however', although it's more colloquial. |||||||||umgangssprachlich

The second ‘that' goes with the word ‘article'. Das zweite "dass" gehört zum Wort "Artikel".

It means that you referred to this article before. ||||verweist||||

The third ‘that' is a relative pronoun.

It has the same meaning as ‘which', and you could also use ‘which' in this sentence |que||||||||||||||

without changing the meaning. |ändern||

Then, the fourth ‘that' is a conjunction which goes with the verb ‘argue'.

It's not necessary; you could leave it out of the sentence and it would still be correct. Es ist nicht notwendig; Sie könnten es auch weglassen und der Satz wäre trotzdem korrekt.

Finally, the fifth ‘that' specifies the word ‘interpretation'. ||||bestimmt|||

Like ‘that article', this means that you've mentioned this before, and now you're referring |||||||||||||beziehst

back to it.

For this sentence, pronunciation is also very important if you're reading it aloud. ||||||||||||laut

‘That' used as a relative pronoun or a conjunction is often pronounced weakly: /ðət/. |||||||||||||dass

When you use ‘that' as a determiner, or in phrases like ‘that said', it has its

full pronunciation: /ðæt/. ||das

Listen and try to hear the difference: /ðæt/ said, /ðæt/ article /ðət/ I read argues

/ðət/ /ðæt/ interpretation is incorrect.

Using the weak and strong pronunciations correctly helps your listener to understand the grammatical |||||Aussprache||||||||grammatikalische ||fraca|||||||||||

structure of the sentence.

What about our second sentence?

Let's read it together: ‘If it's like that, then that's it.'

This sentence is hard to understand not only because of the different uses of ‘that',

but because it has no context. sondern weil sie keinen Kontext hat.

First, let's try to understand the end of the sentence: ‘that's it'.

Have you seen this phrase before?

Do you know what it means?

‘That's it' means something is finished.

For example, imagine you're ordering some food in a café. ||想象一下||||||| |||||||||Café

You order some sandwiches, some muffins, some coffee, and so on. |||Sandwiches||Muffins||Kaffee||| |||||i muffin|||||

The server asks you, “Would you like anything else?” |Bedienung||||||| |the server|||||||

You answer, “No thanks; that's it,” meaning that you've finished your order.

The first ‘that' in this sentence refers to something which has been mentioned before, ||||||bezieht sich|||||||

but without context there's no way to know what it means.

Let's try to give the sentence some context.

Imagine you have a car, and your car breaks down. ||||||||geht|

You have to take it to the garage to have it repaired. |||||||Werkstatt||||

They call you and tell you that the car needs a new engine, and that the new engine will ||||||||||||发动机|||||| ||||||||||||Motor||||||

cost more than the car is worth. ||||||vale

What would you do in this situation?

Would you pay for the new engine? ||||||motore

Probably not.

You might say, “If it's like that, then that's it,” meaning that if the situation

is like this, then your car is junk, and there's no point trying to repair it. |||||||Schrott|||||||| |||||||lixo||||||||

So, this sentence is probably quite pessimistic. ||||||悲观的 ||||||pessimistisch

It's the kind of thing you might say to admit defeat. |||||||||承认|认输 |||||||||zugeben|Niederlage ||||||||||defeat So etwas sagt man vielleicht, um eine Niederlage einzugestehen.

You're saying, ‘If that's the way things are, then there's no point trying any more.'

What about our last sentence?

This one is slightly different: ‘There are their bags, over there.' Diesmal ist es etwas anders: "Da drüben sind ihre Taschen".

There are two points to think about here.

First, ‘there' has more than one meaning.

‘There' can be used to say that something exists, as in, ‘There's a snake in the |||||||||||||Schlange|| Dort" kann verwendet werden, um zu sagen, dass etwas existiert, wie z. B. "Es gibt eine Schlange in der

toilet!' toilette

‘There' can also refer to a place which is distant from you. |||||||||遥远的||

Secondly, words can have the same pronunciation but different spellings and different meanings, zweitens|||||||||Schreibweisen||| Zweitens können Wörter die gleiche Aussprache, aber unterschiedliche Schreibweisen und unterschiedliche Bedeutungen haben,

like ‘there' T-H-E-R-E and ‘their' T-H-E-I-R.

In this sentence, the first ‘there' is used to say that something exists. ||há||||||||||

The second ‘there' is used to refer to a place.

‘Over there' means a place which you can see, but which is not close to you.

‘Their bags' explains who the bags belong to. ||||||gehören| |||||||das (pertencem a)

So, this sentence could be an answer to the question, ‘Where are their bags?'

They've lost their bags, and someone wants to know where they are.

You see them somewhere, so you answer, ‘There are their bags,' and then you point to the

bags as you say, ‘over there.'

What about you?

Can you think of any examples of weird sentences which you find really confusing?

Let us know in the comments! |||||Kommentare

Thanks for watching!

See you next time!