Alaric in Italia! (401-405) - Ep. 23 (3)
Alaric|in|Italy|Ep
Alaric in Italien (401-405) - Ep. 23 (3)
Alarico em Itália! (401-405) - Ep. 23 (3)
Alaric i Italien! (401-405) - Ep. 23 (3)
Alaric in Italy! (401-405) - Ep. 23 (3)
**La sabbia del Colosseo**
the|sand|of the|Colosseum
The sand of the Colosseum
đź“·
đź“·
Anfiteatro di El Djem, in Tunisia
amphitheater|of|the|Djem|in|Tunisia
Amphitheater of El Djem, in Tunisia
Nel 403, scampato il pericolo, l'Imperatore Onorio decise di festeggiare la vittoria sui Goti con un'entrata trionfale a Roma, era da oltre un secolo che la CittĂ Eterna non assisteva a un trionfo.
In|escaped|the|danger|the Emperor|Honorius|decided|to|to celebrate|the|victory|on the|Goths|with||triumphal|to|Rome|it was|for|over|a|century|that|the|City|Eternal|not|it had witnessed|to|a|triumph
In 403, having escaped danger, Emperor Honorius decided to celebrate the victory over the Goths with a triumphal entry into Rome; it had been over a century since the Eternal City had witnessed a triumph.
Onorio tornò a Roma all'inizio del 404 per inaugurarvi il suo sesto consolato: l'Imperatore, nel corso della sua breve permanenza nell'Urbe, risiedette nell'antico Palazzo dei Cesari sul Colle Palatino.
Honorius|he returned|to|Rome|at the beginning|of the|in order to|to inaugurate it|the||sixth|consulate|the Emperor|in the|course|of the|his|short|stay|in the City|he resided|in the ancient|Palace|of the|Cæsars|on the|Hill|Palatine
Honorius returned to Rome at the beginning of 404 to inaugurate his sixth consulship: the Emperor, during his brief stay in the city, resided in the ancient Palace of the Caesars on the Palatine Hill.
Tutto sembrava tornato in ordine, il futuro per un po' parve radioso.
everything|it seemed|returned|in|order|the|future|for|a|while|it appeared|bright
Everything seemed to be back in order, the future appeared bright for a while.
La visita dell'Imperatore a Roma venne accolta con entusiasmo anche dal poeta Claudiano, che visse per un po' a Roma.
the|visit|of the Emperor|to|Rome|it was|welcomed|with|enthusiasm|also|by the|poet|Claudian|who|he lived|for|a|while|at|Rome
The Emperor's visit to Rome was met with enthusiasm even by the poet Claudian, who lived in Rome for a while.
Anche il poeta cristiano Prudenzio colse l'occasione della visita dell'Imperatore per comporre un poema nel quale affiorano riferimenti alle vittorie riportate da Stilicone su Alarico.
also|the|poet|Christian|Prudentius|he took|the opportunity|of the|visit|of the Emperor|to|to compose|a|poem|in the|which|emerge|references|to the|victories|reported|by|Stilicho|on|Alaric
The Christian poet Prudentius also took the opportunity of the Emperor's visit to compose a poem in which references to the victories achieved by Stilicho over Alaric emerge.
Prudenzio nel poema si scaglia contro il persistere del Paganesimo nell'Urbe, e prega l'Imperatore di abolire definitivamente i giochi gladiatorii, richiesta poi accolta l'anno stesso.
Prudentius|in the|poem|he|he hurls|against|the|to persist|of the|Paganism||and|he prays|the Emperor|to|to abolish|definitively|the|games|gladiatorial|request|then|accepted|the year|same
In the poem, Prudentius lashes out against the persistence of Paganism in the city, and prays to the Emperor to definitively abolish the gladiatorial games, a request that was later granted that same year.
Dal 404, con l'editto di Onorio, le grandi arene dell'impero d'occidente vengono abbandonate e iniziano ad essere usate come cave per costruire chiese e altri monumenti.
from|with|the edict|of|Honorius|the|great|arenas|of the empire|of the West|they are|abandoned|and|they begin|to|to be|used|as|quarries|to|to build|churches|and|other|monuments
From 404, with the edict of Honorius, the great arenas of the Western Empire were abandoned and began to be used as quarries to build churches and other monuments.
**Stilicone non riesce a togliersi Costantinopoli dalla testa**
Stilicho|not|he manages|to|to get rid of|Constantinople|from the|head
Stilicho can't get Constantinople out of his mind.
đź“·
đź“·
Costantinopoli
Constantinople
Constantinople
Nel frattempo Stilicone si era rassegnato a governare solo l'occidente, visto che Arcadio aveva oramai 27 anni e quindi era alquanto ridicolo da parte sua di richiedere di essere il suo guardiano.
In the|meanwhile|Stilicho|he|he was|resigned|to|to govern|only|the West|seen|that|Arcadius|he had|by now|years||therefore|it was|quite|ridiculous|by|part|his|to|to request||to be|the|his|guardian
Meanwhile, Stilicho had resigned himself to governing only the West, since Arcadius was now 27 years old and it was quite ridiculous for him to request to be his guardian.
Inoltre pare che i rapporti tra Stilicone ed Eudoxia – la vera potenza di Costantinopoli – fossero buoni.
moreover|it seems|that|the|relations|between|Stilicho|and|Eudoxia|the|true|power|of|Constantinople|they were|good
Moreover, it seems that the relations between Stilicho and Eudoxia – the true power of Constantinople – were good.
L'imperatrice nel frattempo aveva raggiunto la sommità del suo potere: una statu a – di cui è sopravvissuta la base – fu eretta in suo nome dal prefetto del pretorio di Costantinopoli.
the empress|in the|meanwhile|had|reached|the|top|of the|her|power|a|statue|to|of|which|it is|survived|the|base|was|erected|in|her|name|by the|prefect|of the|Praetorian|of|Constantinople
The empress, in the meantime, had reached the height of her power: a statue – of which the base has survived – was erected in her name by the prefect of the praetorian guard of Constantinople.
Eudoxia fece coniare perfino delle monete con il suo volto.
Eudoxia|did|to mint|even|some|coins|with|the|her|face
Eudoxia even had coins minted with her face.
Giovanni Crisostomo, il potente patriarca di Costantinopoli, non vedeva bene il ruolo prominente che Eudoxia aveva raggiunto nel misogino mondo romano.
John|Chrysostom|the|powerful|patriarch|of|Constantinople|not|he saw|well|the|role|prominent|that|Eudoxia|she had|achieved|in the|misogynistic|world|Roman
John Chrysostom, the powerful patriarch of Constantinople, did not look favorably upon the prominent role that Eudoxia had achieved in the misogynistic Roman world.
Eudoxia, nonostante il supporto che il vescovo aveva in cittĂ presso il popolo, lo fece comunque bandire, nel furore della cittadinanza.
Eudoxia|despite|the|support|that|the|bishop|he had|in|city|among|the|people|it|he made|anyway|to ban|in the|rage|of the|citizenship
Eudoxia, despite the support that the bishop had in the city among the people, still had him banished, in the fury of the citizenry.
Insomma, a Costantinopoli era lei la vera imperatrice, con Arcadio a fare da controfigura: purtroppo per lei cadde vittima di quello che era la vera disgrazia delle donne dell'antichitĂ : il parto.
in short|at|Constantinople|she was|she|the|true|empress|with|Arcadius|to|to act|as|stand-in|unfortunately|for|she|she fell|victim|of|what|that|it was|the|true|misfortune|of the|women|of antiquity||childbirth
In short, in Constantinople she was the true empress, with Arcadius playing the role of a stand-in: unfortunately for her, she fell victim to what was the true misfortune of women in antiquity: childbirth.
Morì infatti nel 404 dando la vita al suo settimo figlio: la sua morte ripiombò le relazioni tra occidente e oriente verso l'ostilità , visto che ci fu un ennesimo cambio di regime a Costantinopoli: il nuovo potere dietro al trono divenne Antemio, un avversario di Eudoxia e di Stilicone e di opinioni fortemente anti-gotiche.
he died|indeed|in the|giving|the|life|to the|his|seventh|son||her|death|plunged back|the|relations|between|west|and|||||||||||of|||||||||||||||||||||opinions|strongly||
She died in 404 giving birth to her seventh child: her death plunged relations between the West and the East back into hostility, as there was yet another regime change in Constantinople: the new power behind the throne became Anthemius, an opponent of Eudoxia and Stilicho and with strongly anti-Gothic views.
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Stilicone non la prese bene e preparò immediatamente le contromisure contro il nuovo dominatore dell'oriente: le ambizioni di Stilicone si erano oramai ridotte a richiedere di riportare sotto il governo dell'Occidente la prefettura dell'Illirico orientale, vale a dire le province della Moesia II, della Macedonia e della Grecia: queste province erano state cedute all'oriente in seguito al disastro di Adrianopoli, per permettere di coordinare meglio la guerra gotica nel quadrante balcanico.
Stilicho|not|the|he took|well|and|he prepared|immediately|the|countermeasures|against|the|new|dominator|of the East|the|ambitions|to||they|they were|by now|reduced|to|to require|to|to bring back|under|the|government|of the West|the|prefecture|of Illyricum|eastern|||to say|the|provinces|of the|Moesia|II|of the|Macedonia|and|of the|Greece|these|provinces|they were|they have been|ceded|to the East|following|after|the|disaster|of|Adrianople|to|to allow|to|to coordinate|better|the|war|Gothic|in the|quadrant|
Stilicho did not take it well and immediately prepared countermeasures against the new ruler of the East: Stilicho's ambitions had now been reduced to demanding the return of the Eastern Illyricum prefecture under the governance of the West, namely the provinces of Moesia II, Macedonia, and Greece: these provinces had been ceded to the East following the disaster of Adrianople, to better coordinate the Gothic war in the Balkan quadrant.
Sembra che il piano di Stilicone fosse di annettere quelle terre e poi di stabilirvi i Goti come foederati, proprio quello che la corte orientale era decisa a non fare: in questo modo il potere della corte occidentale sarebbe stato accresciuto dalle entrate dell'Illirico, oltre che dall'acquisto di una delle fonti principali di reclute romane.
it seems|that|the|plan|of|Stilicho|was|to|to annex|those|lands|and|then|to|to settle there|the|Goths|as|foederati|exactly|that|which|the|court|eastern|was|determined|to|not|to do|in|this|way||power|of the|court|western|would be|has been|increased|by the|revenues||besides|that|by the purchase|of|a|of the|sources|main|of|recruits|Roman
It seems that Stilicho's plan was to annex those lands and then settle the Goths there as foederati, exactly what the eastern court was determined not to do: in this way, the power of the western court would be increased by the revenues from Illyricum, as well as by acquiring one of the main sources of Roman recruits.
Allo stesso tempo Stilicone avrebbe definitivamente legato a sé i Goti e si sarebbe trovato probabilmente nella posizione di forza nel mondo romano che aveva avuto Teodosio una volta stretto il suo accordo con i Goti nel 382.
same|same|time|Stilicho|he would have|definitely|tied|to|himself|the|Goths|and|he|he would be|found|probably|in the|position|of|force|in the|world|Roman|that|he had|had|Theodosius|once|time|tightened||his|agreement|with|the|Goths|in the
At the same time, Stilicho would have definitively bound the Goths to himself and would probably have found himself in a position of strength in the Roman world, similar to that which Theodosius had once held after making his agreement with the Goths in 382.
Faccio un po' di psicologia ma credo che Il sogno di tutta una vita per Stilicone fu di governare il mondo Romano dalla grande capitale di Teodosio e Costantino, la capitale dove lui aveva mosso i primi passi della sua illustrissima carriera, la capitale nella quale era stato al servizio di Teodosio, la stessa cittĂ che era divenuta la piĂą splendida capitale dell'Impero Romano: ovvero Costantinopoli.
I do|a|little|of|psychology|but|I believe|that|The|dream|of|all|a|life|for|Stilicho|he was|to|to govern|the|world|Roman|from the|great|capital|of|Theodosius|and|Constantine|the|capital|where|he|he had|moved|the|first|steps|of the|his|most illustrious|career|the|capital|in the|which|he was|been|at the|service|of|Theodosius|same|same|city|that|it was|become|the|most|splendid|capital||Roman|namely|Constantinople
I do a bit of psychology, but I believe that Stilicho's lifelong dream was to govern the Roman world from the great capital of Theodosius and Constantine, the capital where he had taken his first steps in his illustrious career, the capital where he had served Theodosius, the same city that had become the most splendid capital of the Roman Empire: namely Constantinople.
Annettere l'illirico e legare a sé definitivamente Alaric era il primo passo per fare un giorno il suo ingresso trionfale nella città sul Bosforo.
to annex|the Illyrian|and|to bind|to|self|definitively|Alaric|it was|the|first|step|to|to make|a|day|the|his|entrance|triumphal|in the|city|on the|Bosphorus
Annexing Illyricum and definitively binding Alaric to himself was the first step towards one day making his triumphant entrance into the city on the Bosporus.
**Alaric e Stilicone si alleano**
Alaric|and|Stilicho|they|they ally
Alaric and Stilicho ally.
Sappiamo quindi che Stilicone e Alaric strinsero un accordo nel 404 – o forse avevano avuto un accordo dai tempi del Brennero?
we know|therefore|that|Stilicho|and|Alaric|they made|a|agreement|in the|or|perhaps|they had|had|an|agreement|from the|times|of the|Brent
We know that Stilicho and Alaric made an agreement in 404 – or perhaps they had an agreement since the time of the Brenner?
Alaric, dopo il disastro di Verona, era tornato ad insediarsi in Pannonia, nella zona grigia tra i due imperi e lì era rimasto, senza titoli e senza autorizzazione legale da parte delle due corti, in una precaria situazione legale per sé e quello che restava del suo seguito.
Alaric|after|the|disaster|of|Verona|he was|returned|to|to settle|in|Pannonia|in the|area|gray|between|the|two|empires|and|there|he was|remained|without|titles|||authorization|legal|by|part|of the|two|courts|in|a|precarious|situation|legal|for|himself||what|that|remained|of the|his|following
Alaric, after the disaster at Verona, had returned to settle in Pannonia, in the gray area between the two empires, and there he remained, without titles and without legal authorization from either court, in a precarious legal situation for himself and what remained of his following.
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A fornire a Stilicone il pretesto per riprendere le ostilità contro il governo di Costantinopoli fu il trattamento riservato dalla corte orientale ad alcuni ambasciatori di Ravenna: essi, recatisi presso la corte di Arcadio per protestare contro il trattamento riservato all'esiliato patriarca di Costantinopoli Giovanni Crisostomo, furono arrestati e imprigionati, il che costituì un grave affronto alla corte di Ravenna.
At|to provide|to|Stilicho|the|pretext|to|to resume|the|hostilities|against|the|government|of|Constantinople|it was|the|treatment|reserved|by the|court|eastern|to|some|ambassadors|of|Ravenna|they|having gone|at|the|court|of|Arcadius|to|to protest|against|the|treatment|reserved|to the exiled|patriarch|of|Constantinople|John|Chrysostom|they were|arrested|and|imprisoned|the|which|constituted|a|serious|insult|to the|court|of|Ravenna
The pretext for Stilicho to resume hostilities against the government of Constantinople was provided by the treatment reserved by the eastern court to some ambassadors from Ravenna: they, having gone to the court of Arcadius to protest against the treatment reserved for the exiled patriarch of Constantinople, John Chrysostom, were arrested and imprisoned, which constituted a serious affront to the court of Ravenna.
Dopo aver tentato inutilmente la via diplomatica, Stilicone rifiutò di riconoscere il console romano-orientale per l'anno 405 e vietò alle navi orientali l'accesso ai porti occidentale; al contempo, si mise in contatto con Alaric, ordinandogli di invadere l'Epiro e attendere in quella provincia l'arrivo delle truppe di Ravenna.
After|having|attempted|unsuccessfully|the|way|diplomatic|Stilicho|he refused|to|to recognize|the|consul|||for||and|he prohibited|to the|ships|eastern|access|to the|ports|western|at the|the same time|he|he put|into|contact|with|Alaric|ordering him|to|to invade|Epirus|and|to wait|in|that|province|the arrival|of the|troops|of|Ravenna
After unsuccessfully attempting the diplomatic route, Stilicho refused to recognize the Eastern Roman consul for the year 405 and prohibited Eastern ships from accessing Western ports; at the same time, he contacted Alaric, ordering him to invade Epirus and wait in that province for the arrival of the troops from Ravenna.
La vittoria, per Stilicone, pareva a portata di mano: e non finirò mai di sottolineare come ancora nel 404 il supposto imbelle impero occidentale fosse ancora nelle condizioni di poter muovere guerra all'oriente nella ragionevole certezza di poterlo battere: sarà l'ultima volta che un signore dell'occidente potrà anche minimamente sognare una cosa del genere
the|victory|for|Stilicho|it seemed|at|reach|of|hand|and|not|I will finish|ever|to|to underline|how|still|in the|the|supposed|weak|empire|western|it was||in the|conditions|to|to be able|to move|war|to the east|in the|reasonable|certainty|to||to beat|it will be||time|that|a|lord|of the west|he will be able|even|minimally|to dream|a|thing|of|kind
Victory seemed within reach for Stilicho: and I will never cease to emphasize how even in 404 the supposed feeble Western Empire was still in a position to wage war against the East with reasonable certainty of victory: this would be the last time a lord of the West could even minimally dream of such a thing.
**Tuoni e fulmini**
thunder|and|lightning
Thunder and lightning
đź“·
đź“·
Eh si, perché proprio mentre il generalissimo si accingeva alla sua missione le forze messe in moto a nord del Danubio dagli Unni scelsero proprio questo momento per scatenare tutta la loro devastante potenza contro l'impero d'occidente.
oh|yes|because|just|while|the|generalissimo|he|he was preparing|to the|his|mission|the|forces|put|in|motion|at|north|of the|Danube|by the|Huns|they chose||this|moment|to|to unleash|all|the|their|devastating|power|against|the empire|of the West
Yes, because just as the supreme commander was preparing for his mission, the forces mobilized north of the Danube by the Huns chose this very moment to unleash their devastating power against the Western Empire.
Nel prossimo episodio cercheremo di capire cosa era accaduto di così importante a nord del Danubio e la natura della tempesta che, dopo tanto tuonare, finalmente si rovescerà sull'impero occidentale.
In the|next|episode|we will try|to|to understand|what|it was|happened|of|so|important|at|north|of the|Danube|and|the|nature|of the|storm|that|after|much|to thunder|finally|it|will pour|on the empire|western
In the next episode, we will try to understand what had happened that was so important north of the Danube and the nature of the storm that, after so much thunder, will finally pour down on the Western Empire.
Contro immense difficoltĂ Stilicone riuscirĂ a mietere il suo ultimo grande successo prima di dover soccombere di fronte a forze superiori perfino alle sue indubbie capacitĂ .
against|immense|difficulties|Stilicho|he will succeed|to|to reap|the|his|last|great|success|before|to|to have to||to|front|to|forces|superior|even|to the|his|undoubted|abilities
Against immense difficulties, Stilicho will manage to reap his last great success before having to succumb to forces even greater than his undeniable abilities.
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