230511 Addicted to war viciado|| 230511 Süchtig nach Krieg 230511 Adictos a la guerra 230511 Accro à la guerre 230511 Dipendente dalla guerra 230511 戦争中毒 230511 전쟁에 중독된 230511 Uzależniony od wojny 230511 Viciado em guerra 230511 Зависимость от войны 230511 Savaş Bağımlısı 230511 沉迷于战争 230511 沉迷於戰爭

Neil:

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

Sam:

And I'm Sam. In this programme, we'll be hearing about the extraordinary life of a well-known BBC journalist, Fergal Keane. 在本期节目中，我们将了解著名 BBC 记者费格尔·基恩 (Fergal Keane) 的非凡人生。

As a BBC war correspondent, Fergal witnessed some of the most violent events in recent history. ||||||testemunhou|||||||||

Fergal's reporting helped his television audiences make sense of the horrors of war, but underneath there were more personal reasons attracting him to the frontline. |||||públicos|||||||||por baixo||||||||||linha de frente

Neil:

Despite the danger, Fergal found himself going back again and again to report from war zones. 尽管很危险，费格尔还是一次又一次地回到战区进行报道。

It gave him something he couldn't get anywhere else – a massive rush of adrenaline, and Fergal started to worry that he was becoming addicted to war. ||||||||||intenso|emoção||||||||||||||

Sam:

In his new book, ‘The Madness: A Memoir of War, Fear and PTSD', Fergal discusses living with PTSD, or post-traumatic stress disorder, a type of psychological suffering that results from witnessing extreme violence. |||||Loucura||memórias||||||||||||||||||||||||testemunhar|| 在他的新书《疯狂：战争、恐惧和创伤后应激障碍的回忆录》中，费格尔讨论了与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）一起生活的情况，这是一种因目睹极端暴力而导致的心理痛苦。

We'll hear about some key events in Fergal's life, and, as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.

Neil:

But first, I have a question for you, Sam.

The term, PTSD, is quite new, but descriptions of the mental suffering of war go back to ancient times. ||TEPT||||||||||||||||

Something similar to PTSD is mentioned in Viking sagas and in stories about both World Wars. |||||||vikings|sagas|||||||

So, what was the name of the PTSD-like condition suffered by many soldiers during the First World War? Was it:

a) nostalgia? |a) nostalgia a)怀旧？ b) shell shock? |choque shell| b) 炮弹休克？ or, c) combat stress? 或者，c)对抗压力？

Sam:

I think the answer is shell shock.

Neil:

OK, Sam, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.

Fergal Keane, who was born in Ireland, had seen violence ever since the early days of his career covering the fighting in Belfast.

He had already reported from wars all over the world when, in 1994, he was sent to cover the civil war in Rwanda.

But what Fergal saw there shocked him like nothing before, as he told Mobeen Azhar, presenter of BBC World Service programme, Lives Less Ordinary. |||||chocado||||||||||||||||||

Fergal Keane:

…and I began to have nightmares of Rwanda. |||||pesadelos||Ruanda

And of course, at that stage, you know, it was obvious that I was traumatised but, again, did I go to a psychiatrist? ||||||||||||||traumatizado||||||||psiquiatra 当然，在那个阶段，很明显我受到了精神创伤，但是，我有没有去看精神科医生？

No, I didn't. I kept doing the job.

Mobeen Azhar:

Did you turn to other things?

Fergal Keane:

Booze. bebida alcóolica 豪饮。

Mobeen Azhar:

Booze. I mean, how much booze are we talking? 我的意思是，我们谈论的是喝了多少酒？

Fergal Keane:

You know, the truth is, I was an alcoholic long before I got to Rwanda.

But I was in the kind of functioning alcoholic - what they call, you know, managing it stage of the of the disease. ||||||||alcoólico||||||gerenciando|||||||doença

Sam:

When Fergal returned home from Rwanda, he started having nightmares – upsetting and frightening dreams. |||||||||pesadelos|perturbadores||aterrorizante|

It was obvious he was traumatised from the violence he had seen, but still Fergal didn't go to a psychiatrist – a medical doctor who specialises in treating mental illness. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||tratando||

Neil:

Instead, Fergal turned to booze – an informal name for alcohol. ||virou||álcool||||| 相反，费格尔开始喝酒——这是酒精的非正式名称。

Fergal had been addicted to alcohol before he arrived in Rwanda, but now he had another addiction to cope with – the need to keep returning to war. |||viciado|||||||||||||||||||||||

Fergal knew it wasn't healthy, but he couldn't stop.

Sam:

Around the year 2001, it seemed that war was everywhere, and Fergal kept on reporting – in Sudan, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Lebanon. |||||||||||||||Sudão||||

But the nightmares didn't stop, and his mental health got worse and worse.

Here Fergal takes up the story with BBC World Service programme, Lives Less Ordinary.

Fergal Keane:

I reach a point where I can't carry that anymore, and it's not dramatic, it's a slow, steady erosion… and that ends with a breakdown, and admission to hospital, and this time diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, and fulfilling the kind of essential criteria as the psychiatrist saw it of hypervigilance, nightmares, flashbacks… more nightmares than flashbacks… and the sense of being under threat, and anger. |||||||||||||||||constante|erosão||||||colapso|||||||||||||||preenchendo||||||||psiquiatra||||hipervigilância||flashbacks|mais||||||sentido||||ameaça||raiva 我达到了无法再承受的程度，这并不戏剧性，而是一种缓慢而稳定的侵蚀……最终导致崩溃，入院治疗，这次诊断为创伤后应激障碍，并满足精神科医生认为的基本标准：过度警觉、噩梦、闪回……噩梦比闪回还多……以及受到威胁的感觉和愤怒。

Mobeen Azhar:

How did you feel?

Fergal Keane:

Relief, I think. alívio|| 我认为，这是一种解脱。 You know, there's a name to this.

Mobeen Azhar:

You might expect Fergal to call it a day at this point, but that's not how addiction works.

He just kept getting pulled back in. ||||envolvido||

Neil:

Fergal had a nervous breakdown – a period of acute mental illness leaving him unable to cope with life. ||||colapso||||aguda||||||||| 费格尔患上了精神崩溃，严重的精神疾病让他无法应付生活。

After the terrible things Fergal had witnessed, you might expect him to call it a day – a phrase meaning to decide to stop what you are doing. ||||||testemunhado|||||||||||||||||||| 在弗格尔目睹了这些可怕的事情之后，你也许希望他能就此罢休——这个短语的意思是决定停止你正在做的事情。

But Fergal's addictions made that impossible.

Sam:

After his diagnosis of PTSD, he got support and was finally able to stay away from booze and war. |||||||apoio|||||||afastado||||

Neil:

OK, it's time to reveal the answer to my question.

I asked about the name of the PTSD-like condition suffered by soldiers during World War One.

Sam:

And I said it was shell shock.

Neil:

Which was the correct answer.

Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from the extraordinary life of Fergal Keane, the war correspondent who suffered PTSD or post-traumatic stress disorder – a mental illness experienced after violent or shocking events.

Sam:

A nightmare is an upsetting and frightening dream. |pesadelo|||perturbador||aterrorizante|

Neil:

A psychiatrist is a type of doctor who specialises in mental illness.

Sam:

Booze is slang for alcohol. álcool||||

Neil:

A breakdown, is an acute period of psychological illness leaving you unable to cope with life.

Sam:

And finally, the phrase call it a day means to stop what you are doing because you no longer want to. Once again, our six minutes are up. Goodbye for now!

Neil:

Goodbye!