Should we wear a face mask? 6 Minute English - YouTube ||||صورت|||| Sollten wir eine Gesichtsmaske tragen? 6 Minuten Englisch - YouTube Нужно ли носить маску для лица? 6 минут английского - YouTube 我们应该戴口罩吗？ 6 分钟英语 - YouTube

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC こんにちは。これはBBCからの6分間の英語です

Learning English. I'm Rob. 英語を学ぶ。ロブです。

And I'm Sam. そして、私はサムです。

With the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic, ||شیوع||||با شیوع همه‌گیری کرونا، ||epidemic onset|||| コロナウイルスの流行の発生に伴い、

people in many countries around the world 世界中の多くの国の人々

have started wearing face masks to protect ||پوشیدن|||| 保護するためにフェイスマスクを着用し始めました

both themselves and others they come into |||||وارد می‌شوند| 自分自身と他の人の両方が入ります

contact with. In this programme we'll تماس با||||در این برنامه|

be asking whether wearing masks in public ||آیا||||

can help prevent the spread of coronavirus

in the community? ||در جامعه

Face masks have long been popular in some ||دارند|مدت‌هاست که||||

Asian countries but with the spread of آسیایی‌ها||||||

Covid-19, they're increasingly being seen in other ||به طور فزاینده||||

parts of the world too.

Wearing a protective mask or face covering ||||||پوشش صورت

is nothing new. Medical masks have a long |هیچ چیز جدیدی نیست|چیز جدیدی نیست|||||

history from the plagues of medieval Europe |||طاعون‌های قرون وسطی||| |||||Middle Ages|

to nineteenth century outbreaks of cholera |||||وبا |||Ausbrüche|| līdz deviņpadsmitā gadsimta holēras izlaušanām

in the United States, but when did they start ASV, bet kad tās sākās

to be commonly used? That's my quiz question sāka izplatīties plaši? Tas ir mans kvīz jautājums

for today: when and where were face masks

first widely used? Was it: اولین بار|به طور گسترده|||

a) 1855 in Vienna, b) 1905 in Chicago, or ||Wien||||

c) 1955 in London.

Well, you mentioned cholera outbreaks in the

US, so I'll say b) 1905 in Chicago.

Right Sam, we'll find out later if you were |||پیدا کنیم|||||

right. Now, face masks may inspire confidence |||||الهام بخشیدن|اعتماد به نفس pareizi. Tagad sejas maskas var iedvesmot pārliecību

but what is the evidence that they actually ||||Beweis||| bet kādi ir pierādījumi, ka tās faktiski

protect the wearer from contracting the virus ||پوشنده را||مبتلا شدن|| ||Träger|||| ||||to contract|| aizsargā valkātāju no vīrusa inficēšanās

or prevent infected people from spreading ||آلوده|||

the virus to others?

Professor Robert West has conducted a review ||||انجام داده است||

of over twenty studies looking into the evidence. |بیش از|||بررسی کردن|||

Here he is speaking to the BBC World Service

programme Health Check… ||بررسی

The evidence is equivocal on it. It doesn't |شواهد مبهم است||مبهم|||آن|نمی‌کند |||eindeutig|||| |||ambiguous|||| |||equivocal|||| Důkazy o tom jsou nejednoznačné. Nevyplývá z nich, že by Pierādījumi par to ir pretrunīgi. Tas nav skaidri.

tell you anything yet - hopefully that will ||چیزی بگویم||امیدوارم که||

change. So we're thrown back on first principles |||پرتاب شده|بازگشت به|||

and this is why, as in so many areas of public

health, you get such a heated debate because ||دریافت می‌کنید|||داغ||

people are really relying on their opinion |||تکیه کردن|||

on things and you will have one group who

say, 'Well, it stands to reason', |||می‌شود||

the good old

‘stands to reason' argument – which ‘stāv saprātīguma' arguments – kas

is: obviously, if you've got a covering je: samozřejmě, pokud máte krytí nozīmē: loģiski, ja tev ir segums

in front of your face, and you're speaking před tvým obličejem a mluvíš. priekšā tavam sejai, un tu runā

or coughing into that covering, it's going |سرفه کردن||||| |coughing sound||||| nebo kašlání do tohoto krytu, bude to

to trap quite a lot of the virus on the droplets |به دام انداختن|بسیار زیاد||||||||قطرات آب ||||||||||Tröpfchen |trap|||||||||small particles zachytit poměrně velké množství viru na kapičkách.

you'll be emitting. ||ساطع خواهید شد budete vyzařovat.

So far the evidence over whether face masks Důkazy o tom, zda obličejové masky

are helpful or harmful is equivocal – difficult |||||مبهم| |||||ambiguous| jsou užitečné nebo škodlivé, je nejednoznačné - obtížné

to interpret because it seems to have two |تفسیر کردن|||||| interpretovat, protože se zdá, že má dvě

opposite or contradictory meanings. ||متناقض| ||opposing meanings| opačné nebo protichůdné významy.

Based on current evidence, Professor West ||بر اساس شواهد فعلی|||

feels we cannot say whether mask-wearing

is beneficial.

Some evidence suggests that wearing masks Některé důkazy naznačují, že nošení masek

can prevent the disease spreading and some může zabránit šíření nemoci a některé

suggests the opposite. پیشنهاد می‌کند|| naznačuje opak.

There may be reasons why wearing Mohou existovat důvody, proč nosit

masks could actually increase the spread masky by ve skutečnosti mohly zvýšit rozšíření マスクは実際に広がりを増やすことができます

of coronavirus. コロナウイルス。

However for some people, it stands to reason しかし、一部の人々にとっては、それは理にかなっています

that masks are beneficial– meaning it is že masky jsou prospěšné - což znamená, že je マスクは有益です–つまり

obviously true from the facts. je zjevně pravdivý. 事実から明らかに真実です。

Actually, the evidence is far from obvious. ||||خیلی دور|| Důkazy ve skutečnosti zdaleka nejsou tak zřejmé. 実際、証拠は明白にはほど遠いです。

But everyone has an opinion on the issue and Ale každý má na tuto otázku svůj názor a しかし、誰もがこの問題について意見を持っており、

after weeks of stressful lockdown, this can |هفته‌ها||پرفشار|قرنطینه شدید|| 数週間のストレスの多い封鎖の後、これは

lead to heated debate – discussion or argument |||بحث داغ|بحث داغ||بحث و جدل 激しい議論につながる–議論または議論

in which people become angry and excited. ||||||هیجان‌زده při nichž se lidé rozčilují a vzrušují. 人々は怒りと興奮を覚えます。

Up until recently, the World Health Organisation تا همین اواخر|||||| 最近まで、世界保健機関

said there were two groups who definitely 間違いなく2つのグループがあったと言った

should wear masks: people showing symptoms マスクを着用する必要があります：症状を示す人

of the virus and their carers. |||||مراقبان آنها |||||Betreuer |||||carers = people who take care of ウイルスとその介護者の。

But that left the problem of people who have しかし、それは持っている人々の問題を残しました

the virus without knowing it and maybe それを知らずにウイルスと多分

unintentionally emitting it – sending ناخواسته فرستادن|ناخواسته فرستادن|| neúmyslné vysílání - odesílání 意図せずに放出–送信

something out into 何かに

the air, for example a noise or smell, or 空気、例えば騒音や匂い、または

in this case, coronavirus. In June the WHO この場合、コロナウイルス。 6月にWHO

advice changed – now they say masks should アドバイスが変更されました–今彼らはマスクがすべきだと言います

be worn in public where social distancing ||||||فاصله‌گذاری اجتماعی se nosí na veřejnosti, kde je společenský odstup 社会的距離が離れている公共の場で着用する

measures are not possible. اقدامات||| opatření nejsou možná. 対策はできません。

But the advantages of wearing masks might しかし、マスクを着用することの利点は

be outweighed by other considerations, as |تحت‌الشعاع قرار گرفتن|||ملاحظات دیگر برتری دارند| |überwiegt|||| |was outweighed|||| převážit jinými hledisky, jako je například 他の考慮事項よりも重要です。

Professor West explains…

It could also have unfortunate negative ||||unglückliche| Mohlo by to mít i neblahé negativní 残念ながらネガティブなこともあります

consequences in terms of mask shaming |||||شرمنده کردن ماسک důsledky z hlediska zahanbení masky マスクの恥の観点からの結果

– that people feel –人々が感じること

compelled to wear masks in situations where مجبور به پوشیدن|||||| verpflichtet|||||| forced||||||

it's actually not helpful and may be harmful

because it's expected of them and they feel

that they would be judged if they didn't. ||||قضاوت می‌شدند|||

But I think in addition to that, one of the

problems we have is that masks can potentially

create a false sense of security.

One negative effect is the practice of mask Jedním z negativních účinků je praxe masek

shaming – criticising or humiliating someone |انتقاد کردن||تحقیرآمیز| |||erniedrigen| criticizing publicly||||

for not wearing a face covering.

Another problem is that wearing masks might

create a false sense of security – a feeling ||احساس امنیت کاذب|||||

of being safer than you really are. Is that

what happened in 1905 Rob?

Ah yes, today's quiz question. I asked you

when face masks were first widely used?

And I said, b) 1905 in Chicago.

Well done Sam, you were absolutely right! آفرین|آفرین سام|آفرین سام|تو|بودی|کاملاً|درست

It was 1905 in Chicago when Dr Alice Hamilton

first noticed that carers wearing masks to

treat scarlet fever patients, |درمان بیماران مخملک|| |Scharlach|| |scarlet|| léčit pacienty se spalničkami,

did not get sick.

Interesting. Today we we've been discussing |||ما بوده‌ایم|بوده‌ایم|

whether wearing masks helps prevent infected |||||Infektionen

people emitting – or sending out, coronavirus.

So far the evidence is equivocal – unclear ||||||unklar |||||unclear or ambiguous|

because it seems contradictory. In other words, |||متناقض به نظر می‌رسد||| |||widersprüchlich||| |||conflicting|||

we can't say either way for certain. nemůžeme s jistotou říct ani jedno.

But for some, it stands to reason - meaning

it's obviously true - that mask-wearing

is a good idea.

This disagreement over wearing face coverings |اختلاف نظر|بر سر|پوشیدن||پوشش‌های صورت |Meinungsverschiedenheit|||| Tento nesouhlas s nošením pokrývek obličeje

has started heated debate – that's discussion |آغاز کرده است||||

which becomes angry or excited.

And this in turn has led to incidents of mask |||و این به نوبه خود||||حوادث ماسک|| A to vedlo k případům masek.

shaming – criticising or mocking people |انتقاد کردن||تمسخر کردن| |||verspotten| humiliating criticism|||ridiculing|

for not wearing a face mask.

A final drawback is that masks might give |نهایی|عیب نهایی این است|||||

the wearer a false sense of security – that's 着用者は誤った安心感–それは

belief that they are safe when they are not.

That's all we've got time for today.

Bye for now!

Bye!