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BBC 6 Minutes English 2021, Internet and Technology (4)

Internet and Technology (4)

Well, I'm going to go for b) unmanned aerial vehicle.

Ok well, we'll see if you're right later on. Now let's talk more about drones,

which, apparently, seem to be everywhere now.

But are they safe and are they necessary? I've heard about them

being a hazard to aircraft because they've been flown close to airports.

Well, figures in 2016 showed that in the UK there were 70 near misses involving drones.

And that's more than double the year before. So that is a little worrying.

Yes. And there's the potential risk of people's privacy being

invaded when a drone is flown over their property with a camera attached to it.

Ah, but those cameras are also good at capturing some great

aerial footage – that's the film recording of the view from the above the ground. So

they're not all bad. And Dr Yoge Patel would agree. She is CEO of Blue Bear, which supplies

unmanned planes and drones. Here she is speaking about drones on the BBC's Woman's Hour programme…

They have the potential to be dangerous, agreed. They also have though, on the flip side,

the ability to be a game changer in both domestic use and in military use.

So, some of our drones are being used for aircraft inspections. We've put our drones into Fukushima.

So there you go Neil. There are many useful things drones can do,

and Dr Patel said they have the ability to be a game changer.

And by that you mean ‘something that completely

changes the way something is done or thought about'.

Yes. Her company has used drones to inspect the inside of the damaged

Fukushima nuclear power station in Japan. And another example of drones being a game

changer is UNICEF and the Malawian government testing drones for carrying medical supplies.

This could help save lives in remote places. And I have read that in Australia,

lifeguards are using drones to help rescue swimmers who get in trouble in the sea.

And have you heard about a Japanese firm that's planning to use a drone to force employees

out of their offices by playing music at them if they stay to work evening overtime.

I haven't, but you've convinced me – it seems like the sky's the limit for the uses of drones!

I mean there's no limit to what they can do. But I

am a little concerned about how they are regulated or controlled.

Well Dr Yoge Patel says because the technology is new,

regulations – or legal controls - are developing all the time…

As technology progresses, regulation and operational use needs to then be

harmonised with it. And we are, as a community, going through that whole process of saying

what is proportionate and appropriate regulation to go with different uses of drones.

So she talked about regulations being harmonised as technology progresses.

So I think she means ‘making regulations suitable and appropriate for what the drones

are being used for'. So they need some control, but not so they can't be useful and effective.

Like flying drones to stop you working late!

Now Rob, I'm dying to know what the other name for a drone is.

OK, let me tell you. So earlier I asked what does UAV stand for? Was it…

a) Unidentified aerial vehicle

b) Unmanned aerial vehicle c) Unaided aircraft vehicle

And I said b) – was that correct?

Yes Neil, you know your drones – that's correct. Well done. UAVs or drones have been around for

quite a while in different forms. It's thought they were first used

for providing practice targets for training military personnel. OK Neil,

let's quickly go over some of the vocabulary we have mentioned today, starting with surveillance.

"The police kept the jewellery shop under surveillance because they had

a tip-off about a robbery." So that means ‘carefully watching someone or something,

usually to try to stop something illegal'.

Then we mentioned aerial footage – that's film recording made from the sky.

"The aerial footage on TV of the dolphins swimming was spectacular."

Yes, drones have been a game changer for wildlife programmes on TV.

That means ‘something that completely changes the way something is done or thought about'.

We also mentioned the phrase 'the sky's the limit', meaning ‘there's no limit

to something'. "The sky is the limit to what professional footballers can earn these days."

Then we discussed harmonised – that describes two things being suitable for each other to

allow them to work properly. "The garden has been designed to harmonise with the natural landscape."

Very useful vocabulary, Neil. But let's stop droning on – and that means ‘talking

too much in a boring way' - and remind everyone to check out our You Tube,

Facebook, Twitter and Instagram pages – and of course, our website

at bbclearningenglish.com. See you next time. Goodbye.

Goodbye

Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.

And I'm Sam.

It's good to see you again, Sam.

Really?

Yes, of course, can't you tell by the way I'm smiling?

Ah well, I find it difficult to tell if someone is really smiling or if it's a fake smile.

Well, that's a coincidence because today's programme is all about how computers may

be able tell real smiles from fake smiles better than humans can. Before we get in to that though,

a question. The expressions we can make with our face are controlled by muscles.

How many muscles do we have in our face? Is it:

A: 26

B: 43 C: 62

What do you think, Sam?

No idea! But a lot, I'd guess, so I'm going with 62.

OK. Well, we'll see if you'll be smiling or crying later in the programme. Hassan Ugail is a

professor of visual computing at the University of Bradford. He's been working on getting computers

to be able to recognise human emotions from the expressions on our face. Here he is speaking on

the BBC Inside Science radio programme – how successful does he say they have been?

We've been working quite a lot on the human emotions, so the idea is

how the facial muscle movement, which is reflected on the face,

through obviously a computer through video frames and trying to understand how these

muscle movements actually relate to facial expressions and then from facial expressions

trying to understand the emotions or to infer the emotions. And they have been quite successful in

doing that. We have software that can actually look at somebody's face in real time and then

identify the series of emotions that person is expressing in real time as well.

So, have they been successful in getting computers to identify emotions?

Yes, he says they've been quite successful, and what's interesting is that he says that

the computers can do it in real time. This means that there's no delay. They don't have to stop and

analyse the data, or crunch the numbers, they can do it as the person is talking.

The system uses video to analyse a person's expressions and can then infer the emotions.

To infer something means to get an understanding of something without actually being told directly.

So, you look at available information and use your

understanding and knowledge to work out the meaning.

It's a bit like being a detective, isn't it? You look at the clues

and infer what happened even if you don't have all the details.

Yes, and in this case the computer looks at how the movement of muscles in the face

or facial muscles, show different emotions. Here's Professor Ugail again.

We've been working quite a lot on the human emotions so the idea is how the facial muscle

movement, which is reflected on the face, through obviously a computer through video

frames and trying to understand how these muscle movements actually relate to facial expressions

and then from facial expressions trying to understand the emotions or to infer the emotions.

And they have been quite successful in doing that. We have software that can actually

look at somebody's face in real time and then identify the series of emotions that person is

expressing in real time as well. So, how do the computers know

what is a real or a fake smile? The computers have to learn that first.

Here's Professor Ugail again talking about how they do that.

We have a data set of real smiles and we have a data set of fake smiles.

These real smiles are induced smiles in a lab. So, you put somebody on a chair and then show

some funny movies and we expect the smiles are genuine smiles.

And similarly we ask them to pretend to smile. So, these are what you'd call fake smiles. So,

what we do is we throw these into the machine and then the machine figures out what are the

characteristics of a real smile and what are the characteristics of a fake smile.

So, how do they get the data that the computers use to see if your

smile is fake or genuine – which is another word which means real?

They induce real smiles in the lab by showing people funny films. This means that they make

the smiles come naturally. They assume that the smiles while watching the funny films are genuine.

And then they ask the people to pretend to smile and the computer programme now has a

database of real and fake smiles and is able to figure out which is which.

Figure out means to calculate and come to an answer

Yes, and apparently the system gets it right 90% of the time,

which is much higher than we humans can. Right, well before we remind ourselves of our vocabulary,

let's get the answer to the question. How many muscles do we have in our face? Is it:

A: 26

B: 43 C: 62

Sam, are you going to be smiling? What did you say?

So I thought 62! Am I smiling, Neil?

Sadly you are not, you are using different muscles for that sort of sad look!

Actually the answer is 43. Congratulations to anyone who got that right. Now our vocabulary.

Yes – facial is the adjective relating to face.

Then we had infer. This verb means to understand something

even when you don't have all the information, and you come to this understanding based

on your experience and knowledge, or in the case of a computer, the programming.

And these computers work in real time, which means that there's no delay

and they can tell a fake smile from a genuine one, which means a real one, as the person is speaking.

They made people smile, or as the Professor said, they induced smiles by showing funny films.

And the computer is able to figure out or calculate whether the smile is fake or genuine.

OK, thank you, Sam. That's all from 6 Minute English today.

We look forward to your company next time and if you can't wait you can find

lots more from bbclearningenglish online, on social media and on our app. Goodbye!

Bye!

Welcome to 6 Minute English, where we bring you an intelligent topic and six

related items of vocabulary. I'm Neil.

And I'm Tim. And today we're talking about AI – or Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence is the ability of machines to copy human intelligent

behaviour – for example, an intelligent machine can learn from its own mistakes,

and make decisions based on what's happened in the past.

There's a lot of talk about AI these days, Neil, but it's still just science fiction, isn't it?

That's not true – AI is everywhere. Machine thinking is in our homes,

offices, schools and hospitals. Computer algorithms are helping us drive our cars.

They're diagnosing what's wrong with us in hospitals.

They're marking student essays… They're telling us what to read on our smartphones…

Well, that really does sound like science fiction – but it's happening already, you say, Neil?

It's definitely happening, Tim. And an algorithm, by the way, is a set of steps a computer follows

in order to solve a problem. So can you tell me what was the name of the computer which

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Internet and Technology (4) Internet und Technologie (4) Inglés de 6 Minutos - ¡Mega Clase de Internet y Tecnología! Una Hora de Nuevo... (4) Internet et technologie (4) Internet e tecnologia (4) インターネットとテクノロジー (4) 인터넷과 기술 (4) Internet i technologia (4) Internet e tecnologia (4) Интернет и технологии (4) İnternet ve Teknoloji (4) Інтернет та технології (4) 互联网与技术 (4) 互聯網與科技 (4)

Well, I'm going to go for  b) unmanned aerial vehicle. |||||||беспилотный|беспилотный летательный|беспилотный летательный аппарат |||||||uncrewed|| |||||||||pojazd Bueno, voy a optar por b) un vehículo aéreo no tripulado. Bem, eu vou optar por b) veículo aéreo não tripulado.

Ok well, we'll see if you're right later  on. Now let's talk more about drones, Vale, vamos a ver si tienes razón más adelante. Ahora hablemos más sobre drones,

which, apparently, seem to be everywhere now. |по-видимому|кажется|||везде| |it seems||||| que, aparentemente, parecen estar en todas partes ahora.

But are they safe and are they  necessary? I've heard about them |||безопасны||||необходимы ли|||| Pero, ¿son seguros y son necesarios? he oído hablar de ellos

being a hazard to aircraft because  they've been flown close to airports. являясь||опасность||||||полетели|близко||аэропортов ||danger||||||operated|||airports ||航空機の危険||||||||| ||||samoloty|||||||lotnisk ||pericolo||||||volati||| siendo un peligro para los aviones porque han volado cerca de los aeropuertos. 空港の近くを飛行しているため、航空機にとって危険である。

Well, figures in 2016 showed that in the UK  there were 70 near misses involving drones. |данные||||||||||приближения к столкновению|с участием| |data||indicated||||||||near misses|| Bem, os números de 2016 mostraram que no Reino Unido houve 70 quase-acidentes envolvendo drones. Так вот, по данным за 2016 год, в Великобритании произошло 70 опасных происшествий с участием беспилотников. Ну, цифри в 2016 році показали, що у Великій Британії було зафіксовано 70 промахів за участю дронів.

And that's more than double the year  before. So that is a little worrying. ||||больше двойного||||поэтому|||||волнительно これは前年の2倍以上だ。これは少し心配だ。 И это более чем вдвое больше, чем годом ранее. Так что это немного беспокоит.

Yes. And there's the potential  risk of people's privacy being ||||||||конфиденциальности людей| Да. И есть потенциальный риск того, что конфиденциальность людей будет

invaded when a drone is flown over their  property with a camera attached to it. вторглись||||||||собственность||||креплённая к|| ||||||||property|||camera||| najeżdżają|||||lata|||własność|||||| подверглись вторжению, когда над их собственностью пролетел дрон с прикрепленной к нему камерой.

Ah, but those cameras are also  good at capturing some great |||камеры|||||запечатлении|| ||||||||catturare|| Ах, но эти камеры также хороши для съемки некоторых замечательных

aerial footage – that's the film recording  of the view from the above the ground. So воздушная съемка|съемка с воздуха|||съемка|||||||над землёй||земли| 공중의|영상||||||||||||| |空撮映像||||||||||||| |riprese||||||||||||| 空撮映像は、地上からの眺めをフィルムに記録したものだ。だから Аэросъемка – это киносъемка вида с поверхности земли. Так что

they're not all bad. And Dr Yoge Patel would  agree. She is CEO of Blue Bear, which supplies ||||||Йоге|Патель||согласится|||генеральный директор|||Медведь|| ||||||Yoge|Patel|||||Chief Executive Officer||||| |||||||||||||||||fornisce

unmanned planes and drones. Here she is speaking  about drones on the BBC's Woman's Hour programme… беспилотные|самолеты||||||||||||Час женщины|| |planes|||||||||||||| 무인||||||||||||||| |samoloty||||||||||||||

They have the potential to be dangerous,  agreed. They also have though, on the flip side, |||||||согласен||||однако|с другой стороны||обратной стороне| ||||||||||||||other| ||||||||||||||반면| |||||||d'accordo|||||||altro| 彼らには危険な可能性がある。しかし、その反面もある、 Têm o potencial de serem perigosos, concordo. Mas também têm, por outro lado, Они имеют потенциал быть опасными, согласен. Они также имеют, с другой стороны,

the ability to be a game changer in  both domestic use and in military use. определённая|||||игра|изменяющий игру|||домашнем|использовании|||военном| ||||||game changer|||domestic||||military| 国内使用と軍事使用の両方で、ゲームチェンジャーとなる能力がある。 способность кардинально изменить ситуацию как в бытовом, так и в военном применении.

So, some of our drones are being used for aircraft  inspections. We've put our drones into Fukushima. |||||||||летательных аппаратов|осмотры самолетов|||||| ||||||||||||||||Fukushima ||||||||||検査|||||| ||||||||||ispezioni|||||| Итак, некоторые из наших дронов используются для инспекций самолетов. Мы разместили наши дроны в Фукусиме.

So there you go Neil. There are  many useful things drones can do, ||||||||полезные||||

and Dr Patel said they have the  ability to be a game changer.

And by that you mean ‘something that completely |||||||полностью

changes the way something  is done or thought about'. |||это||||мыслим| меняет способ, которым что-то делается или о чем-то думают».

Yes. Her company has used drones to  inspect the inside of the damaged Да|||||||||внутреннюю часть|||поврежденного ||||||||||||damaged Sim. A sua empresa utilizou drones para inspecionar o interior do edifício danificado Да. Ее компания использовала беспилотники для осмотра внутренней части поврежденного

Fukushima nuclear power station in Japan.  And another example of drones being a game |nuclear|||||||||||| A central nuclear de Fukushima, no Japão. E outro exemplo de que os drones são um jogo АЭС Фукусима в Японии. И еще один пример игры с дронами

changer is UNICEF and the Malawian government  testing drones for carrying medical supplies. ||ЮНИСЕФ|||малавийское правительство||тестируют|||доставки||поставки медикаментов ||UNICEF|||Malawian||is testing||||| |||||マラウイ政府||||||| |||||malawiano||||||| ユニセフとマラウイ政府は、医療物資を運ぶためのドローンをテストしている。 A UNICEF e o governo do Malawi estão a testar drones para transportar material médico.

This could help save lives in remote places. And I have read that in Australia, ||||||удалённых||||||||Австралия ||||||isolated||||||||

lifeguards are using drones to help rescue  swimmers who get in trouble in the sea. спасатели|используют|||||спасать|пловцы||||||| lifeguards||||||save|people in water|||||||sea i bagnini||||||||||||||

And have you heard about a Japanese firm that's  planning to use a drone to force employees |||||||компания|||||||||сотрудников ||||||||||||||||employees |||||||azienda||||||||| また、ドローンを使って従業員を強制的に働かせることを計画している日本の企業についてご存知だろうか。 А слышали ли вы о японской фирме, которая планирует использовать беспилотник для принуждения сотрудников.

out of their offices by playing music at  them if they stay to work evening overtime. |||||||||||||||сверхурочно |||offices|||||||||||| из своих офисов, включив им музыку, если они остаются работать в вечернее сверхурочное время.

I haven't, but you've convinced me – it seems  like the sky's the limit for the uses of drones! ||||убедил||||похоже что|the|небо||предел возможного||||| ||||||||||sky||||||| ||||||||||del cielo||||||| ドローンの用途は無限大のようだ! Я этого не делал, но вы меня убедили – похоже, что возможности использования дронов безграничны!

I mean there's no limit to what they can do. But I Я||||предел||||||| Я имею в виду, что нет предела тому, что они могут сделать. Но я

am a little concerned about how  they are regulated or controlled. |||обеспокоен||||||| ||||||||규제되는|| |||preoccupato||||||| どのように規制され、管理されているのかが少し気になる。 меня немного беспокоит то, как они регулируются или контролируются.

Well Dr Yoge Patel says  because the technology is new,

regulations – or legal controls  - are developing all the time… регламенты||правовые|контроль||развиваются||| regulations|||||||| 規制、つまり法的規制は常に発展している......。

As technology progresses, regulation  and operational use needs to then be ||развивается|регулирование||оперативное использование||||| ||advances|||operational||||| ||progredisce|regolamentazione||||||| 技術が進歩するにつれて、規制と運用上の利用が必要になる。

harmonised with it. And we are, as a community,  going through that whole process of saying согласованно с||||||||||||||| harmonizing||||||||||||||| armonizzato||||||||||||||| それに調和している。そして私たちは共同体として、次のようなプロセスを経ている。 гармонизировал с ним. И мы, как сообщество, проходим через весь этот процесс, говоря

what is proportionate and appropriate  regulation to go with different uses of drones. что||пропорциональная||уместная|регулирование|||||использования|| ||proportionate|||||||||| ||||적절한|||||||| ||適切な|||||||||| ||proporzionata|||||||||| какое регулирование является пропорциональным и целесообразным для различных вариантов использования дронов.

So she talked about regulations being  harmonised as technology progresses. ||||регулирование||гармонизированы|||развивается Поэтому она говорила о гармонизации правил по мере развития технологий.

So I think she means ‘making regulations  suitable and appropriate for what the drones Итак(1)||думаю||имеет в виду||нормативные акты|подходящие||уместные|||| |||||||adatte|||||| Поэтому я думаю, что она имеет в виду «создание правил, соответствующих и подходящих для того, что дроны

are being used for'. So they need some control,  but not so they can't be useful and effective. ||||Таким образом||||контроль|||так чтобы||||полезными||эффективными のために使われている』。だから、ある程度のコントロールは必要だが、有用で効果的でないわけではない。

Like flying drones to stop you working late! Нравится мне||||||| Например, летающие дроны, которые не дадут вам работать допоздна!

Now Rob, I'm dying to know what  the other name for a drone is. |||eager|||||||||| |||죽고 있어|||||||||| |||morendo|||||||||| Agora Rob, estou mortinho por saber qual é o outro nome para um drone. Роб, мне не терпится узнать, как по-другому называется дрон.

OK, let me tell you. So earlier I  asked what does UAV stand for? Was it… |||||Итак|||||||означает||| Хорошо, позвольте мне рассказать. Так вот, ранее я спросил, что означает UAV? Это…

a) Unidentified aerial vehicle |неопознанный|воздушный|летательный аппарат

b) Unmanned aerial vehicle c) Unaided aircraft vehicle |беспилотный|беспилотный|летательный аппарат||без помощи|летательный аппарат|летательный аппарат |||||무인||

And I said b) – was that correct?

Yes Neil, you know your drones – that's correct.  Well done. UAVs or drones have been around for |||||дроны||||||||||существуют| Да, Нил, ты знаешь свои дроны – это правильно. Молодец. БПЛА или дроны существуют уже

quite a while in different forms.  It's thought they were first used |||||формах|это||||| |||||||si pensa|||| かなり長い間、さまざまな形で使われてきた。最初に使われたのは довольно долго в разных формах. Считается, что они были впервые использованы

for providing practice targets for  training military personnel. OK Neil, |обеспечивая||цели||||военнослужащих|| |providing|||||||| |fornire|||||||| 軍人の訓練用に練習用標的を提供するためだ。OK、ニール、 за предоставление учебных целей для обучения военнослужащих. ОК Нил,

let's quickly go over some of the vocabulary we  have mentioned today, starting with surveillance. ||||||||||упомянули||||наблюдение ||||||||||||||monitoring ||||||||||||||감시 ||||||||||||||sorveglianza Давайте быстро рассмотрим некоторые из упомянутых сегодня терминов, начав с наблюдения.

"The police kept the jewellery shop  under surveillance because they had ||||ювелирный магазин|||наблюдением||| ||||jewelry|shop||||| «Полиция держала ювелирный магазин под наблюдением, потому что у них было

a tip-off about a robbery." So that means  ‘carefully watching someone or something, |подсказка||||ограбление||||внимательно||кого-то||что-то |tip-off||||theft|||||||| ||||||||監視すること||||| 強盗の密告"つまり、『誰かや何かを注意深く見張っている』という意味だ、 наводка об ограблении». То есть это означает «внимательно следить за кем-то или чем-то,

usually to try to stop something illegal'. ||||||незаконное ||||||불법적인

Then we mentioned aerial footage –  that's film recording made from the sky. |||sky-based||||||||

"The aerial footage on TV of the  dolphins swimming was spectacular." ||||||||||впечатляющее зрелище ||||||||||spectacular

Yes, drones have been a game changer  for wildlife programmes on TV. ||||||||야생동물||| Да, дроны изменили правила игры в телепрограммах о дикой природе.

That means ‘something that completely changes  the way something is done or thought about'. |||||изменяет|||что-то||||| Это означает «что-то, что полностью меняет способ, которым что-либо делается или о чем-либо думают».

We also mentioned the phrase 'the sky's  the limit', meaning ‘there's no limit ||упомянули|||||||означающая||| Мы также упомянули фразу «the sky's the limit», что означает «нет предела».

to something'. "The sky is the limit to what  professional footballers can earn these days." ||||||||||футболисты||||

Then we discussed harmonised – that describes  two things being suitable for each other to ||обсудили|согласованное||описывает||||подходящими|||| |||조화된|||||||||| |||||||||adatte|||| それから、調和について話し合った。

allow them to work properly. "The garden has been  designed to harmonise with the natural landscape." ||||правильно|||||||гармонировать||||пейзаж |||||||||||harmonisch gestalten|||| |||||||||||||||environmental features ||||correttamente|||||||armonizzarsi|||| |||||||||||||||경관 庭は自然の景観と調和するように設計されています。「庭は自然の景観と調和するようにデザインされている。

Very useful vocabulary, Neil. But let's  stop droning on – and that means ‘talking |полезный|словарь||||||||||

too much in a boring way' - and remind  everyone to check out our You Tube, ||||скучном|||напомнить|всех||||||YouTube ||||||||||||||YouTube

Facebook, Twitter and Instagram  pages – and of course, our website

at bbclearningenglish.com.  See you next time. Goodbye.

Goodbye addio

Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.

And I'm Sam.

It's good to see you again, Sam. хорошо||||||

Really? действительно

Yes, of course, can't you  tell by the way I'm smiling? ||||||||||smiling Sim, claro, não se nota pela forma como estou a sorrir?

Ah well, I find it difficult to tell if someone  is really smiling or if it's a fake smile. |||||||сказать||||||||||поддельная|

Well, that's a coincidence because today's  programme is all about how computers may |||совпадение||||||||| |||우연의 일치||||||||| |||coincidenza|||||||||

be able tell real smiles from fake smiles better  than humans can. Before we get in to that though, |||настоящие|улыбки||||||||||переходить||||однако

a question. The expressions we can make  with our face are controlled by muscles. |||||||||||||мышцы 質問顔の表情は筋肉によってコントロールされている。

How many muscles do we have in our face? Is it:

A: 26

B: 43 C: 62

What do you think, Sam?

No idea! But a lot, I'd  guess, so I'm going with 62.

OK. Well, we'll see if you'll be smiling or  crying later in the programme. Hassan Ugail is a |||||||||плакать|||||Хассан|Угайл|| |||||||||||||||Ugail||

professor of visual computing at the University of  Bradford. He's been working on getting computers ||визуального|вычислений|||||Брадфорд|||||| ||visual|visual computing||||||||||| ブラッドフォード大学のビジュアル・コンピューティング教授。彼はコンピューターに

to be able to recognise human emotions from the  expressions on our face. Here he is speaking on ||||распознавать|||||||||||||

the BBC Inside Science radio programme –  how successful does he say they have been?

We've been working quite a lot on  the human emotions, so the idea is |||довольно||||||||||

how the facial muscle movement,  which is reflected on the face, ||лицевой|мышца|движение|||отражается|||

through obviously a computer through video  frames and trying to understand how these |очевидно|||||кадры|||||| ||||||video frames|||||| 明らかにビデオフレームを通してコンピュータを通し、これらのフレームがどのように動いているのかを理解しようとしている。

muscle movements actually relate to facial  expressions and then from facial expressions |||относятся||лицевых|выражения|||||выражений

trying to understand the emotions or to infer the  emotions. And they have been quite successful in |||||||выводить||эмоции||||||| |||||||erschließen||||||||| ||||||to|||||||||| |||||||inferire||||||||| пытаясь понять эмоции или сделать вывод о них. И они весьма преуспели в этом.

doing that. We have software that can actually  look at somebody's face in real time and then ||||||||||чье-то|||||| ||||||||||somebody's||||||

identify the series of emotions that  person is expressing in real time as well. определить||ряд||||||выражает|||||

So, have they been successful in  getting computers to identify emotions? ||||||доставить|||| では、コンピューターに感情を識別させることに成功したのだろうか? Итак, удалось ли им научить компьютеры распознавать эмоции?

Yes, he says they've been quite successful,  and what's interesting is that he says that Да, он говорит, что они были весьма успешны, и что интересно, он говорит, что

the computers can do it in real time. This means  that there's no delay. They don't have to stop and |||||||||||||задержка|||||| |||||||||||||delay|||||| |||||||||||||ritardo|||||| компьютеры могут делать это в режиме реального времени. Это означает, что нет никаких задержек. Им не нужно останавливаться и

analyse the data, or crunch the numbers,  they can do it as the person is talking. анализировать||||обработать||||||||||| ||||||numbers||||||||| analizzare||||||||||||||| ||||データ処理||||||||||| analisar os dados ou fazer contas, podem fazê-lo enquanto a pessoa está a falar. аналізувати дані або зводити цифри, вони можуть робити це, коли людина говорить.

The system uses video to analyse a person's  expressions and can then infer the emotions. ||||||||||||выводить||

To infer something means to get an understanding  of something without actually being told directly. инферировать|||означает||||понимание||что-то|без|на самом деле|||прямо ||||||||||||essere|| 何かを推し量るとは、実際に直接言われることなく、何かを理解することを意味する。 Сделать вывод о чем-либо — значит получить представление о чем-либо, не услышав об этом напрямую.

So, you look at available information and use your ||||доступной|||| Итак, вы смотрите на имеющуюся информацию и используете ее

understanding and knowledge  to work out the meaning. понимание|||||||значение compreensão e conhecimento para compreender o significado. понимание и знание для выработки смысла.

It's a bit like being a detective,  isn't it? You look at the clues ||||||детектив|||||||улики |||||||||||||evidence

and infer what happened even if  you don't have all the details. |выводить|||даже|||||||детали |추론하다|||||||||| 詳細が分からなくても、何が起こったかを推測することができる。

Yes, and in this case the computer looks  at how the movement of muscles in the face ||||случае||||||||||||

or facial muscles, show different  emotions. Here's Professor Ugail again. |лицевые|||||вот|||

We've been working quite a lot on the human  emotions so the idea is how the facial muscle |||довольно|||||||||||||лицевой| |||abbastanza||||||||||||||

movement, which is reflected on the face,  through obviously a computer through video движение|||отражается|||||очевидно||||

frames and trying to understand how these muscle  movements actually relate to facial expressions ||||||||||относятся|к||

and then from facial expressions trying to  understand the emotions or to infer the emotions. ||||||||||||выводить||

And they have been quite successful in doing  that. We have software that can actually

look at somebody's face in real time and then  identify the series of emotions that person is リアルタイムで誰かの顔を見て、その人が抱いている一連の感情を特定する。 посмотреть на чье-то лицо в реальном времени, а затем определить серию эмоций, которые испытывает этот человек

expressing in real time as well. So, how do the computers know выражение||||||||||| выражаясь также в реальном времени. Итак, откуда компьютеры знают.

what is a real or a fake smile? The  computers have to learn that first.

Here's Professor Ugail again  talking about how they do that. |||снова|||||| ||Professor Ugail|||||||

We have a data set of real smiles and  we have a data set of fake smiles. |||набор данных|набор данных|||||||||||поддельных|

These real smiles are induced smiles in a lab.  So, you put somebody on a chair and then show ||||искусственные||||лаборатории|||||||||| ||||induzierte|||||||||||||| ||||produced|||||||||||a chair||| ||||誘発された|||||||||||||| ||||indotte|||||||||||||| Эти настоящие улыбки - это индуцированные улыбки в лаборатории. Итак, вы сажете кого-то на стул и затем показываете

some funny movies and we expect  the smiles are genuine smiles. |смешные||||||||искренние| некоторые смешные фильмы, и мы ожидаем, что улыбки будут искренними.

And similarly we ask them to pretend to smile.  So, these are what you'd call fake smiles. So, |также|||||притворяться|||||||||фальшивые|| |in the same way|||||pret||||||||||| И точно так же мы просим их притвориться, что они улыбаются. Так вот, это то, что вы бы назвали фальшивыми улыбками. Так вот,

what we do is we throw these into the machine  and then the machine figures out what are the |||||бросаем||||||||||||| |||||put||||||||||||| |||||buttiamo|||||||||determina||||

characteristics of a real smile and what  are the characteristics of a fake smile.

So, how do they get the data that  the computers use to see if your

smile is fake or genuine – which  is another word which means real? ||||настоящий||||||| ||||진짜|||||||

They induce real smiles in the lab by showing  people funny films. This means that they make |вызывают|||||||||смешные|||||| |verursachen||||||||||||||| |make||||||||||||||| |inducono|||||||||||||||

the smiles come naturally. They assume that the  smiles while watching the funny films are genuine. |||естественно||предполагают||||||||||искренние

And then they ask the people to pretend to  smile and the computer programme now has a |||||||притворяться|||||||||

database of real and fake smiles and  is able to figure out which is which. база данных||||||||||||||

Figure out means to calculate  and come to an answer ||||вычислить|||||

Yes, and apparently the system  gets it right 90% of the time, ||по-видимому|||||||| ||분명히||||||||

which is much higher than we humans can. Right,  well before we remind ourselves of our vocabulary,

let's get the answer to the question. How  many muscles do we have in our face? Is it:

A: 26

B: 43 C: 62

Sam, are you going to be  smiling? What did you say?

So I thought 62! Am I smiling, Neil?

Sadly you are not, you are using different  muscles for that sort of sad look! к сожалению|||||||||||такой||грустный|

Actually the answer is 43. Congratulations to  anyone who got that right. Now our vocabulary. ||||поздравления|||||||||

Yes – facial is the adjective relating to face. |лицевое|||лицевое|относящийся|| ||||顔の|||

Then we had infer. This verb  means to understand something |||инферировать|||||| |||추론||||||

even when you don't have all the information,  and you come to this understanding based даже|||||||||||||понимание|основан

on your experience and knowledge, or in  the case of a computer, the programming. ||опыте|||||||||||программирование

And these computers work in real time,  which means that there's no delay ||||||||означает||||задержки

and they can tell a fake smile from a genuine one,  which means a real one, as the person is speaking. |||||||||искренней|||означает||настоящее||||человек||

They made people smile, or as the Professor  said, they induced smiles by showing funny films. ||||||||||вызывали||||смешные| ||||||||||유도했다|||||

And the computer is able to figure out or  calculate whether the smile is fake or genuine. ||||||||||||||||настоящее

OK, thank you, Sam. That's all  from 6 Minute English today. 알겠습니다|||||||||

We look forward to your company next  time and if you can't wait you can find |ждем|||вашей||||||||||| |guardiamo|||||||||||||| 次回のご来店をお待ちしております。

lots more from bbclearningenglish online,  on social media and on our app. Goodbye!

Bye!

Welcome to 6 Minute English, where we  bring you an intelligent topic and six ||||||приносим|||умную|тема||

related items of vocabulary. I'm Neil. |предметы||словаря||

And I'm Tim. And today we're talking  about AI – or Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence is the ability  of machines to copy human intelligent ||||||||||интеллект

behaviour – for example, an intelligent  machine can learn from its own mistakes, поведение|||||||||||

and make decisions based on  what's happened in the past.

There's a lot of talk about AI these days, Neil,  but it's still just science fiction, isn't it? |||||||||||||||фантастика||

That's not true – AI is everywhere.  Machine thinking is in our homes, AIはどこにでもある。機械的思考は私たちの家庭にある、

offices, schools and hospitals. Computer  algorithms are helping us drive our cars. |||больницы|||||||| |||||알고리즘||||||

They're diagnosing what's  wrong with us in hospitals. |диагностируют|||||| |diagnostizieren|||||| |diagnosi||||||

They're marking student essays… They're  telling us what to read on our smartphones… |оценивают|студент|эссе||говорят||||||| |||essays||||||||| Estão a avaliar os trabalhos dos alunos... Estão a dizer-nos o que devemos ler nos nossos smartphones...

Well, that really does sound like science fiction  – but it's happening already, you say, Neil? ||действительно|||||фантастика||||уже|||

It's definitely happening, Tim. And an algorithm,  by the way, is a set of steps a computer follows |определенно|||||||||||набор||шагов|||следует

in order to solve a problem. So can you tell  me what was the name of the computer which для||||||||||||||||||