LIBER PRIMVS X-XV ||Chapter 1|Chapter 15 DAS ERSTE BUCH 10-15 BOOK I X-XV FÖRSTA BOKKEN 10-15 第 10-15 册

[10] Caesari renuntiatur Helvetiis esse in animo per agrum Sequanorum et Haeduorum iter in Santonum fines facere, qui non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt, quae civitas est in provincia. to Caesar|reported|the Helvetii|||in mind||field|Sequani territory||of the Haedui|route||the Santones|territory|to make|who||||Toulouse||are absent||||| Caesar was informed that the Helvetii intended to make a journey through the territory of the Sequani and the Aedui to the borders of the Santones, who are not far from the borders of the Tolosati, which is a city in the province. Id si fieret, intellegebat magno cum periculo provinciae futurum ut homines bellicosos, populi Romani inimicos, locis patentibus maximeque frumentariis finitimos haberet. ||it were|he understood|||great danger||future|||warlike people||Roman people|enemies of the Roman people|places, territories|open places|and especially|grain-producing|neighboring peoples|would have If this were to happen, he understood it would be a great danger for the province to have warlike men, enemies of the Roman people, as neighbors in open and especially grain-producing lands. Ob eas causas ei munitioni quam fecerat T. Labienum legatum praeficit; ipse in Italiam magnis itineribus contendit duasque ibi legiones conscribit et tres, quae circum Aquileiam hiemabant, ex hibernis educit et, qua proximum iter in ulteriorem Galliam per Alpes erat, cum his quinque legionibus ire contendit. |||that|fortification||he had made|Titus|Labienus|legate|he places|||Italy|great distances|routes|he marches|two|there|legions|enlists||three||around|Aquileia|were wintering||winter quarters|leads out||where the|nearest||||||the Alps||||five|with these five legions|go|marches For these reasons, he places T. Labienus, the legate, in charge of the fortification he had made; he himself hastens to Italy by forced marches and recruits two legions there, and brings out three that were wintering around Aquileia from their winter quarters and, where the nearest journey to further Gaul was through the Alps, he seeks to march with these five legions. Ibi Ceutrones et Graioceli et Caturiges locis superioribus occupatis itinere exercitum prohibere conantur. |Ceutrones||Graioceli||Caturiges|places|higher||||prohibit|attempt There the Ceutrones and Graioceli and Caturiges, having taken over the higher places, are trying to prohibit the army from advancing. Compluribus his proeliis pulsis ab Ocelo, quod est oppidum citerioris provinciae extremum, in fines Vocontiorum ulterioris provinciae die septimo pervenit; inde in Allobrogum fines, ab Allobrogibus in Segusiavos exercitum ducit. |||having been defeated||Ocelo|that|||of the nearer|province|farthest point|||Vocontii|further province|||seventh day|arrives|thence||||from|||Segusiavi tribe|the army|leads After many battles fought against Ocelo, which is a town at the extreme of the nearer province, he arrived in the territories of the Vocontii of the further province on the seventh day; from there he leads the army into the territories of the Allobroges, and from the Allobroges into the Segusiavos. Hi sunt extra provinciam trans Rhodanum primi. ||beyond|||Rhone| These are the first outside the province across the Rhône.

[11] Helvetii iam per angustias et fines Sequanorum suas copias traduxerant et in Haeduorum fines pervenerant eorumque agros populabantur. |||narrow passes|||||troops|had crossed||||territory|they had arrived|their|fields|were ravaging The Helvetii had already transported their troops through the narrow passes and territories of the Sequani and had arrived in the territories of the Aedui, and they were ravaging their fields. Haedui, cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, legatos ad Caesarem mittunt rogatum auxilium: ita se omni tempore de populo Romano meritos esse ut paene in conspectu exercitus nostri agri vastari, liberi [eorum] in servitutem abduci, oppida expugnari non debuerint. Aedui|||their own|||defend||they could not|||Caesar|send|to request|help|thus||all|||the Roman people|Roman people|they have deserved|||almost||sight of|army|our|their land|be ravaged|their children|||slavery|be taken||be conquered||should not have The Aedui, when they could not defend themselves and their possessions from them, send embassadors to Caesar to beg for assistance; that they had deserved the service of the Roman people at all times, that their lands should not have been laid waste in the sight of our army; Eodem tempore quo Haedui Ambarri, necessarii et consanguinei Haeduorum, Caesarem certiorem faciunt sese depopulatis agris non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere. ||||the Ambarri|necessary||relatives||Caesar|inform|inform||devastated||||from||force|of the enemy|to prevent At the same time that the Haedui Ambarri, the allies and relatives of the Haedui, inform Caesar that, with their lands ravaged, they cannot easily defend against the enemy's attack from their towns. Item Allobroges, qui trans Rhodanum vicos possessionesque habebant, fuga se ad Caesarem recipiunt et demonstrant sibi praeter agri solum nihil esse reliqui. Allobroges|the Allobroges||||villages|estates and properties|they had|flight||||take refuge||demonstrate||besides the|the land|soil|nothing||remaining The Allobroges, who had villages and possessions across the Rhône, sought refuge with Caesar and indicated to him that beyond the soil of the fields nothing else remained. Quibus rebus adductus Caesar non expectandum sibi statuit dum, omnibus fortunis sociorum consumptis, in Santonos Helvetii pervenirent. |||||waiting||he decided||all|fortunes of|of the allies|with all resources spent||the Santones|the Helvetii|they would arrive Caesar, influenced by these matters, decided that he should not wait while, all the fortunes of his allies being used up, the Helvetii reached the Santones.

[12] Flumen est Arar, quod per fines Haeduorum et Sequanorum in Rhodanum influit, incredibili lenitate, ita ut oculis in utram partem fluat iudicari non possit. The river||river Arar|||the borders|of the Aedui||||the Rhône|flows|incredible|gentleness||so that|eyes|into|either side|direction|flows|be judged||it can be The river is the Arar, which flows into the Rhône through the territories of the Aedui and the Sequani with incredible gentleness, so that it cannot be judged in which direction it flows. Id Helvetii ratibus ac lintribus iunctis transibant. Id||rafts|and|boats|joined|were crossing The Helvetii were crossing it on rafts and linked boats. Ubi per exploratores Caesar certior factus est tres iam partes copiarum Helvetios id flumen traduxisse, quartam vero partem citra flumen Ararim reliquam esse, de tertia vigilia cum legionibus tribus e castris profectus ad eam partem pervenit quae nondum flumen transierat. where||scouts|Caesar|informed|informed||three||parts|of the troops||||to have crossed|fourth part|but||on this side of||the Arar|remaining|||third|watch, guard||legions|three||the camp|having set out||||||||had crossed When Caesar was made aware by scouts that the Helvetii had already crossed three parts of their forces over that river, while the fourth part was left on this side of the river Arar, he set out with three legions from the camp at the third watch and went to that part which had not yet crossed the river. Eos impeditos et inopinantes adgressus magnam partem eorum concidit; reliqui sese fugae mandarunt atque in proximas silvas abdiderunt. Dawn|the hindered||unexpected|having approached|large|||he cut down|||flight|they surrendered|||nearby|the woods|they hid Having attacked them while they were unprepared and in a state of confusion, he struck down a large part of them; the rest entrusted themselves to flight and hid in the nearby woods. Is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus; nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est. was|district||Tigurine|for|all||Switzerland|||districts|districts| This district was called Tigurinus; for the whole state of the Helvetii is divided into four districts. Hic pagus unus, cum domo exisset, patrum nostrorum memoria L. Cassium consulem interfecerat et eius exercitum sub iugum miserat. |||||had gone out|of the fathers||||Caius Cassius||had killed||||||had sent This village, when it had left its home, had killed L. Cassius the consul in the memory of our ancestors and had sent his army under the yoke. Ita sive casu sive consilio deorum immortalium quae pars civitatis Helvetiae insignem calamitatem populo Romano intulerat, ea princeps poenam persolvit. ||chance|||gods|of the immortal gods||||of the Helvetii|notable|calamity|||inflicted||chief|punishment|pays Thus, whether by the chance or the design of the immortal gods, the part of the Helvetii that inflicted a notable calamity on the Roman people paid the penalty, as the chief. Qua in re Caesar non solum publicas, sed etiam privatas iniurias ultus est, quod eius soceri L. Pisonis avum, L. Pisonem legatum, Tigurini eodem proelio quo Cassium interfecerant. in the matter|in|matter|Caesar||only|public||also|private injuries|injuries|avenged||||father-in-law|of|Piso|grandfather|of|Piso|legatee|Tigurineans|in the same|battle||Cassius|had killed In this matter, Caesar avenged not only public but also private injuries, because the grandfather of his father-in-law L. Piso, L. Piso the legate, had been killed by the Tigurini in the same battle in which they killed Cassius.

[13] Hoc proelio facto, reliquas copias Helvetiorum ut consequi posset, pontem in Arari faciendum curat atque ita exercitum traducit. This|battle|having been made|the remaining|the troops||so that|catch up with|he could|bridge|on|Aar river|to be made|he sees to|and||the army|lead [13] After this battle was fought, in order that he could catch up with the remaining forces of the Helvetii, he orders a bridge to be built on the Arar and thus leads his army across. Helvetii repentino eius adventu commoti cum id quod ipsi diebus XX aegerrime confecerant, ut flumen transirent, illum uno die fecisse intellegerent, legatos ad eum mittunt; cuius legationis Divico princeps fuit, qui bello Cassiano dux Helvetiorum fuerat. the Helvetii|sudden||arrival|moved||||they|days|20|very reluctantly|had completed|to|river|to cross|he|one||done|understand|envoys|||send||of the legation|Divico||was|who|war|Cassian|leader of the Helvetii|of the Helvetii|had been The Helvetii, disturbed by his sudden arrival, when they understood that he had accomplished in one day what they themselves had hardly completed in twenty days, in order to cross the river, sent envoys to him; the chief of this embassy was Divico, who had been the leader of the Helvetii in the Cassian War. Is ita cum Caesare egit: si pacem populus Romanus cum Helvetiis faceret, in eam partem ituros atque ibi futuros Helvetios ubi eos Caesar constituisset atque esse voluisset; sin bello persequi perseveraret, reminisceretur et veteris incommodi populi Romani et pristinae virtutis Helvetiorum. is||||acted|||the people|Roman people||the Helvetii|he would do|in||part|go, move, settle||there|future presence||where||Caesar|he had established||to be|would have wanted||war|pursue war|persisted in war|remembered||old|inconvenience||||ancient|virtue| He dealt with Caesar in this way: if the Roman people were to make peace with the Helvetii, they would go and be where Caesar had decided and wanted them to be; but if they persevered in pursuing war, he would remember both the ancient grievances of the Roman people and the former courage of the Helvetii. Quod improviso unum pagum adortus esset, cum ii qui flumen transissent suis auxilium ferre non possent, ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret. |unexpectedly||district|attacked||||||crossed||help|bring help||||||||||virtue|would attribute|||despise them Since he had unexpectedly attacked one village, those who had crossed the river could not bring help, for this reason either he would greatly attribute it to his own virtue or look down on them. Se ita a patribus maioribusque suis didicisse, ut magis virtute contenderent quam dolo aut insidiis niterentur. |||fathers|ancestors||have learned||more||contend||||traps|rely on deceit So he had learned from his ancestors and forefathers to strive more through virtue than to rely on deceit or traps. Quare ne committeret ut is locus ubi constitissent ex calamitate populi Romani et internecione exercitus nomen caperet aut memoriam proderet. ||he should commit|||place||they had settled||calamity||||destruction|the army|name|he would take||memory|would betray Therefore, so that he would not commit himself, that place where they had settled from the calamity of the Roman people and the slaughter of the army would take a name or bear a memory.

[14] His Caesar ita respondit: eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod eas res quas legati Helvetii commemorassent memoria teneret, atque eo gravius ferre quo minus merito populi Romani accidissent; qui si alicuius iniuriae sibi conscius fuisset, non fuisse difficile cavere; sed eo deceptum, quod neque commissum a se intellegeret quare timeret neque sine causa timendum putaret. ||||therefore|||doubt|given|that|||that|||they had mentioned||he remembered|||more seriously||why||deservedly|||had happened|who||some injury|injury||aware|would have been||||to avoid|||deceived|that||committed|||he understood||he fears||||to be feared|he thought Caesar answered him thus: he had less doubt because he remembered the matters which the ambassadors of the Helvetii had mentioned, and he bore more heavily the fact that these things had happened unjustly to the Roman people; for if he had been aware of any injury done to him, it would not have been difficult to guard against it; but he was deceived because he neither understood what he had committed that he should fear nor did he think that he should fear without cause. Quod si veteris contumeliae oblivisci vellet, num etiam recentium iniuriarum, quod eo invito iter per provinciam per vim temptassent, quod Haeduos, quod Ambarros, quod Allobrogas vexassent, memoriam deponere posse? Which|||insults|forget|he would want|||recent|injuries|||unwilling||||||would have attempted||Aedui tribe||Ambarri||Allobroges|they would have harassed|memory|to forget| But if he wanted to forget the insults of the past, would he also be able to put aside the memory of the recent injuries, that they had attempted to travel through the province by force against his will, that they had harassed the Aedui, the Ambarri, and the Allobroges? Quod sua victoria tam insolenter gloriarentur quodque tam diu se impune iniurias tulisse admirarentur, eodem pertinere. ||victory|so|insolently|they boast|and that||||with impunity|injuries|bear|they would admire||pertains to That they were boasting so insolently of their victory and marveling that they had endured injuries for so long without punishment, it pertains to the same thing. Consuesse enim deos immortales, quo gravius homines ex commutatione rerum doleant, quos pro scelere eorum ulcisci velint, his secundiores interdum res et diuturniorem impunitatem concedere. to have been accustomed||the gods|immortal gods|to where||||change of circumstances|things|may grieve|||crime||to avenge|might want||more favorable|sometimes|||longer impunity|impunity|to grant For the immortal gods have been accustomed to grant occasionally more favorable circumstances and longer impunity to those whom they wish to punish for their crimes, so that men may grieve more seriously over the changes of affairs. Cum ea ita sint, tamen, si obsides ab iis sibi dentur, uti ea quae polliceantur facturos intellegat, et si Haeduis de iniuriis quas ipsis sociisque eorum intulerint, item si Allobrogibus satis faciunt, sese cum iis pacem esse facturum. ||||however||hostages||||be given||||they promise|they will do|let him understand|||the Haedui||injuries||they|and their allies||have inflicted|||Allobrogian tribes||||||||will make Since these things are so, however, if hostages are given to them, he understands that they will do the things they promise, and if they make sufficient amends to the Haedui for the injuries they have inflicted on them and their allies, he will make peace with them. Divico respondit: ita Helvetios a maioribus suis institutos esse uti obsides accipere, non dare, consuerint; eius rem populum Romanum esse testem. Divico|||||ancestors||instructed|be||hostages||||have been accustomed||||||witness Divico replied: thus the Helvetii have been accustomed by their ancestors to receive hostages, not to give them; the Roman people are a witness to this matter. Hoc responso dato discessit. |response given|| After giving this reply, he departed.

[15] Postero die castra ex eo loco movent. the next|||||place|they move [15] The next day, they moved camp from that place. Idem facit Caesar equitatumque omnem, ad numerum quattuor milium, quem ex omni provincia et Haeduis atque eorum sociis coactum habebat, praemittit, qui videant quas in partes hostes iter faciant. |||cavalry|||the number||thousand||||||the Haedui|||allies of them|gathered||sends ahead||let them see||||the enemy||they make Caesar does the same and sends ahead all the cavalry, amounting to four thousand, which he had gathered from the entire province and the Aedui and their allies, to see in what direction the enemy is traveling. Qui cupidius novissimum agmen insecuti alieno loco cum equitatu Helvetiorum proelium committunt; et pauci de nostris cadunt. |more eagerly|last|the rear|followed|foreign|||cavalry||battle|engage||few||our men|fall Those who had pursued the last line more eagerly, in a foreign place, engaged in battle with the cavalry of the Helvetii; and few of our men fell. Quo proelio sublati Helvetii, quod quingentis equitibus tantam multitudinem equitum propulerant, audacius subsistere non numquam et novissimo agmine proelio nostros lacessere coeperunt. where||having been raised|||five hundred|horsemen|such a|multitude|of horsemen|drove forward|more boldly|to stand firm||||last|the rear||our men|to challenge|they began The Helvetii, having been driven away in that battle, began to stand more boldly and to provoke our troops at the rear, having driven such a multitude of cavalry with five hundred horsemen. Caesar suos a proelio continebat, ac satis habebat in praesentia hostem rapinis, pabulationibus populationibusque prohibere. ||||was restraining|||||in the meantime|the enemy|raids|foraging expeditions|populations|prohibit Caesar kept his men from battle and was content in the presence of the enemy to prohibit raids, foraging, and pillaging. Ita dies circiter XV iter fecerunt uti inter novissimum hostium agmen et nostrum primum non amplius quinis aut senis milibus passuum interesset. ||about|||||||enemies|column|and|our|first||more than|five|or|six|miles||interests Thus they traveled for about 15 days so that there was no more than five or six miles between the last enemy battalion and our first.