4.10 – The Reformation in Norway |The Reformation|| 4.10 – Die Reformation in Norwegen 4.10 – The Reformation in Norway 4.10 – La Reforma en Noruega 4.10 – La Réforme en Norvège 4.10 – De Reformatie in Noorwegen 4.10 – Reformacja w Norwegii 4.10 – A Reforma na Noruega 4.10 – Реформация в Норвегии 4.10 – Реформація в Норвегії

Heihei!

Reformasjonen i Norge Reformasjonen begynte i 1517 da Martin Luther publiserte sine 95 teser i Wittenberg i Tyskland. The Reformation|in|Norway|the Reformation|began|in|when|Martin Luther|Martin Luther|published|his|theses|in|Wittenberg, Germany|in|Germany 挪威的宗教改革 宗教改革始于 1517 年，当时马丁·路德在德国维滕贝格发表了他的 95 条论纲。 Luther kritiserte kirka og ønska å reformere den. |criticized|the church|and|wished|to|reform|it Luther criticized the church and wanted to reform it. 路德批评教会并希望对其进行改革。 Reformasjonen førte til store endringer i Europa. The Reformation|led to|to|great|changes|in| The Reformation led to major changes in Europe. Kirka i Vest-Europa blei splitta mellom katolikker og protestanter. the Church|in|West|Europe|was|split|between|Catholics|and|Protestants Mange land og områder i Nord-Europa blei protestantiske, mens Sør-Europa holdt seg til katolisismen. many|countries|and|areas|in|North|Europe|became|Protestant|while|South|Europe|stayed|itself|to|Catholicism Many countries and areas in Northern Europe became Protestant, while Southern Europe stuck to Catholicism.

Reformasjonen hadde store religiøse, kulturelle og politiske konsekvenser. the Reformation|had|great|religious|cultural|and|political|consequences 宗教改革产生了重大的宗教、文化和政治后果。 Dette er for mye å se på i én episode, derfor kommer jeg til å forenkle litt. this|is|too|much|to|see|at|in||episode|therefore|am||to|to|simplify|a little This is too much to cover in one episode, so I'm going to simplify a bit. Bakgrunnen for reformasjonen er også viktig. The background|for|the Reformation|is|also|important The background to the reformation is also important. Reformasjonen var basert på humanismen og renessansen i Europa. the Reformation|was|based|on|humanism|and|the Renaissance|in|Europe The Reformation was based on humanism and the Renaissance in Europe. 宗教改革以欧洲的人文主义和文艺复兴为基础。 I tillegg kan man knytte inn politiske faktorer i bakgrunnen. in|in addition||one|link in|in|political|factors|in|the background In addition, political factors can be linked into the background. 此外，政治因素也可能与背景有关。 Så la oss forenkle litt. then|let|us|simplify|a little So let's simplify a bit. Luther starta reformasjonen i 1517. Luther|started|the Reformation|in Luther started the Reformation in 1517. Dette spredde seg til flere områder i Tyskland. this|spread|it spread|to|several|areas||Germany This spread to several areas in Germany. Luther blei fordømt som kjetter i Worms i 1521. Luther|was|condemned|as|heretic|in|Worms|in Luther was condemned as a heretic in Worms in 1521. 1521 年，路德在沃尔姆斯被定为异端。 Paven sa offisielt at Luther og hans tilhengere hadde feil. the Pope|said|officially|that|Luther|and|his|followers|had|wrong The pope officially said that Luther and his followers were wrong. 教皇正式表示路德和他的追随者是错误的。 Etter en krig blei derimot Lutheranismen, en retning innenfor protestantisme, godkjent i 1555 i Augsburg. after|a|war|was|however|Lutheranism|a|movement|within|Protestantism|approved|in|in|Augsburg After a war, however, Lutheranism, a direction within Protestantism, was approved in 1555 in Augsburg. 然而，战后，路德教（新教内部的一个方向）于 1555 年在奥格斯堡获得批准。 La oss nå flytte fokuset fra Europa til Danmark og Norge. let|us|now|shift|the focus||Europe|to|Denmark|and|Norway Let us now shift the focus from Europe to Denmark and Norway.

Norge var i en union med Danmark da reformasjonen brøt ut på 1500-tallet. Norway|was|in|a|union|with|Denmark|when|the Reformation|broke out|out|in|century Norway was in a union with Denmark when the Reformation broke out in the 16th century. Norge var altså under Danmark i denne perioden. Norway|was|therefore||Denmark|in|this|period Norway was thus under Denmark during this period. Danmark hadde tette bånd til Tyskland. Denmark|had|close|close ties|to|Germany Danmark ligger nærmer Tyskland, og dette gjorde at reformasjonen spredde seg raskt til Danmark. Denmark|lies|closer to|Germany|and|this|made|that|the Reformation|spread|it|quickly|to| Denmark is closer to Germany, and this meant that the Reformation spread quickly to Denmark. Christian 3., konge av Danmark, erklærte i 1536 at statsreligionen i Danmark-Norge skulle være Lutheranismen. Christian|king|of|Denmark|declared|in|that|state religion|in||Norway|would|be|Lutheranism Christian III, King of Denmark, declared in 1536 that the state religion in Denmark-Norway should be Lutheranism. Dette førte til at lutherske biskoper erstatta de katolske biskopene; klostrene blei lagt ned og stengt; kirkas eiendommer blei gitt til kongen; og Christian 3. blei offisielt kirkas øverste leder. this|led to|to|that|Lutheran|bishops|replaced|the|Catholic|the bishops|the monasteries|were|closed down|shut down|and|closed|the church's|properties|were|given to|to|the king|and|Christian|was|officially|the church's|supreme leader|leader This led to Lutheran bishops replacing the Catholic bishops; the monasteries were closed down and closed; the church estates were given to the king; and Christian III officially became the church's supreme leader. Це призвело до того, що лютеранські єпископи замінили католицьких; монастирі були закриті і закриті; церковні маєтки були передані королю; і Крістіан III офіційно став верховним лідером церкви. Det var altså mange fordeler for Christian 3. å innføre lutheranismen i Danmark-Norge. there|was|therefore|many|advantages|for|Christian|to|introduce|Lutheranism|in|Denmark|Norway There were thus many advantages for Christian III to introduce Lutheranism in Denmark-Norway.

I Norge var kirka den største organisasjonen på 1500-tallet. in|Norway|was|the church|the|largest|organization|in|century In Norway, the church was the largest organization in the 16th century. Den katolske kirka var også den viktigste politiske institusjonen i Norge. the|Catholic|church|was|also|it|most important|political|the institution|in|Norway Erkebiskopen av Nidaros, den viktigste personen i Norge, var leder av det norske riksrådet. The Archbishop|of|Nidaros|the|most important|person|in|Norway|was|leader|of|it|Norwegian|national council The Archbishop of Nidaros, the most important person in Norway, was the leader of the Norwegian parliament. 尼达罗斯大主教是挪威最重要的人物，也是挪威国民议会的主席。 Det norske riksrådet styrte Norge sammen med kongen. The|Norwegian|the Council of the Realm|governed|Norway|together|with|the king The Norwegian parliament ruled Norway together with the king. 挪威国民议会与国王一起统治挪威。 Det var altså viktig for Norge sin stemme i unionen med Danmark. it|was|therefore|important|for|Norway|its|voice|in|the union||Denmark It was thus important for Norway's voice in the union with Denmark. 因此，挪威在与丹麦的联盟中的发言权非常重要。

I 1536 innførte Christian 3. lutheranismen i Norge. in|introduced|Christian|Lutheranism|in|Norway In 1536, Christian III introduced Lutheranism in Norway. Før dette var det nesten ingen protestanter i Norge. before|this|was|there|almost|no|Protestants|in|Norway Before this, there were almost no Protestants in Norway. 在此之前，挪威几乎没有新教徒。 Det var helt annerledes i Danmark og Sverige; der var det mange protestanter. it|was|totally|different|in|Denmark|and|Sweden|there|there|there|many|Protestants It was completely different in Denmark and Sweden; there were many Protestants. 丹麦和瑞典的情况完全不同。有很多新教徒。 Slik var det ikke i Norge. like this|was|it|not||Norway This was not the case in Norway. 挪威的情况并非如此。 I Norge skjedde reformasjonen ovenfra. in|Norway|happened|the Reformation|from above In Norway, the reformation took place from above. Norge hadde ikke blitt et luthersk land i 1536 hvis ikke Christian 3. hadde innført det. Norway|had|not|become|a|Lutheran|country|in|if|not|Christian|had|introduced|it Norway would not have become a Lutheran country in 1536 if Christian III had not introduced it. 如果克里斯蒂安三世没有引入挪威，挪威就不会在 1536 年成为路德教国家。 Her ser vi hvor viktig unionen med Danmark var for utviklinga i Norge. here|see|we|where|important|the union|with|Denmark|was|for|development|in|Norway Here we see how important the union with Denmark was for development in Norway. 在这里我们可以看到与丹麦的联盟对于挪威的发展有多么重要。

Reformasjonen svekka Norges posisjon i unionen med Danmark. the Reformation|weakened|Norway's|position|in|the union|with|Denmark The reformation weakened Norway's position in the union with Denmark. Grunnen til det var at Norges riksråd blei fjerna i 1536. The reason|to|it|was|that|Norway's|national council|was|removed|in The reason for that was that Norway's Riksråd was abolished in 1536. Den danske kongen fjerna Norges riksråd slik at Danmark fikk større makt over Norge. the|Danish|king|removed|Norway's|Council of the Realm|so|that|Denmark|got|greater|power|over|Norway The Danish king removed the Norwegian Council of State so that Denmark gained greater power over Norway. I tillegg blei Norges største og viktigste politiske institusjon, den katolske kirka, lagt ned. in|in addition|was|Norway's|largest|and|most important|political|political institution|the|Catholic|church|laid|down In addition, Norway's largest and most important political institution, the Catholic Church, was closed down. 此外，挪威最大、最重要的政治机构天主教堂也被关闭。 Den katolske erkebiskopen i Nidaros Olav Engelbrektsson blei tvunget til å flykte fra Norge i 1537. the|Catholic|the archbishop|in|Nidaros|Olav|Engelbrektsson|was|forced|to|to|flee||Norway|in The Catholic Archbishop of Nidaros, Olav Engelbrektsson, was forced to flee Norway in 1537. Selv om Norge blei et protestantisk land, så var ikke dette bygd på det norske folket. even|if|Norway|became|a|Protestant|country|then|was|not|this|built|on|the|Norwegian|the people Even though Norway became a Protestant country, this was not built on the Norwegian people. Хоча Норвегія стала протестантською країною, це не було побудовано на норвезькому народі. Dette gjorde at det tok ganske lang tid før Norge blei et reelt protestantisk land. this|made|that|it|took|quite|long|time|before|Norway|became|a|real protestant|Protestant|country This meant that it took quite a long time before Norway became a real Protestant country.

Reformasjonen i Norge har et ganske dårlig omdømme i norsk historieskriving. the Reformation||Norway|has|a|rather|poor|reputation|in|Norwegian|historical writing The Reformation in Norway has a rather bad reputation in Norwegian history writing. 挪威的宗教改革在挪威史学中名声不佳。 Mange norske historikere har vært kritiske til hvordan Norge blei protestantisk. many|Norwegian|historians|have|been|critical|to|how|Norway|became|Protestant Many Norwegian historians have been critical of how Norway became Protestant. 许多挪威历史学家对挪威如何成为新教持批评态度。 Grunnen til det er at det skjedde ved makt. the reason|for|it|is|that|it|happened|by|force The reason for that is that it happened by force. 其原因是它是通过武力发生的。 Christian 3. tvang Norge til å bli protestantisk. Christian|forced|Norway|to|to|become|Protestant Christian III forced Norway to become Protestant. Han fjerna også mye av Norges autonomi. he|removed|also|much|of|Norway's|autonomy He also removed much of Norway's autonomy. 他还取消了挪威的大部分自治权。 Dette har gjort at reformasjonen i Norge har et dårligere omdømme enn for eksempel i Sverige og Danmark. this|has|made|that|the Reformation|in|Norway|has|a|worse|reputation|than|for|for example|in|Sweden|and|Denmark This has meant that the Reformation in Norway has a worse reputation than, for example, in Sweden and Denmark. 这意味着挪威的宗教改革的声誉比瑞典和丹麦等国更差。

Vocabulary:

Reformasjonen – The Reformation the Reformation||

Å føre til – To lead to to|lead|to||lead|

Endring – Change Change|Change

Å holde seg til – To keep to to|keep|oneself|to||| To keep to - To keep to

Å forenkle – To simplify to|simplify||To simplify

Bakgrunn – Background Background – Background|Background

Å knytte inn – To tie in to|tie|in||To tie|

Fordømt – Condemned Condemned|Cursed or condemned

Kjetter – Heretic Kjetter|Heretic

Tilhengere – Supporters Followers|Followers

Retning – Movement Direction – Movement|Direction – Movement

Brøt ut – Erupted broke|out|Broke out

Å erklære – To declare to|declare||

Eiendom – Property Property|

Fordel – Advantage Advantage|Benefit

Å innføre – To introduce to|introduce||

Riksrådet – Council of the Realm (also translated as: Privy council) the Council of the Realm|Privy Council|||||||Privy council|

Stemme – Voice Voice|Voice

Helt annerledes – Completely different completely|different|Completely| 完全不同——完全不同

Ovenfra – From above from above||From above

Utvikling – Development Development|

Å svekke – To weaken to|To weaken|To|To weaken

Å legge ned – To abolish To shut down|abolish|down||To abolish To abolish – To abolish

Blei tvunget til – Was forced to was|forced|to||Was forced to| 被迫——被迫

Å flykte – To flee to|flee||To flee

Omdømme – Reputation Reputation|Reputation