Episode 244: The Scandalous Life of Lord Byron [2] Folge 244: Das skandalöse Leben des Lord Byron [2] Episodio 244: La escandalosa vida de Lord Byron [2] Épisode 244 : La vie scandaleuse de Lord Byron [2] Episodio 244: La vita scandalosa di Lord Byron [2] 第244回バイロン卿のスキャンダラスな生涯［2］（英題：The Scandalous Life of Lord Byron 에피소드 244: 바이런 경의 스캔들 인생 [2] Odcinek 244: Skandaliczne życie lorda Byrona [2] Episódio 244: A Vida Escandalosa de Lord Byron [2] Эпизод 244: Скандальная жизнь лорда Байрона [2] 244. Bölüm Lord Byron'ın Skandallarla Dolu Hayatı [2] Епізод 244: Скандальне життя лорда Байрона [2]. 第244集：拜伦勋爵的丑闻[2]

Annabella, his wife, understandably found it to be too much, she considered Annabella, jeho manželka, to pochopitelně považovala za příliš, uvažovala Annabella, seine Frau, empfand das verständlicherweise als zu viel, sie fand

him insane, and filed for divorce after the birth of their daughter, Ada. byl nepříčetný a požádal o rozvod po narození jejich dcery Ady. und reichte nach der Geburt ihrer Tochter Ada die Scheidung ein. ele ficou louco, e pediu o divórcio após o nascimento de sua filha, Ada.

Ada, by the way, Byron's daughter, was Ada Lovelace, the famous mathematician.

We have another episode just on her, it's episode number 153 if you're interested.

Ada was a genius in her own right, although it is slightly ironic that her genius was Ada war ein Genie an sich, auch wenn es eine kleine Ironie ist, dass ihr Genie 艾达本身就是一个天才，尽管有点讽刺的是，她的天才是

of a logical, mathematical type, whereas her father's was completely chaotic and poetic.

Now, going back to Byron, though, once his incest with his

half-sister became public information, the country turned against him. Halbschwester bekannt wurde, wandte sich das Land gegen ihn.

He had no money, friends deserted him, and some of Ele não tinha dinheiro, amigos o abandonaram, e alguns

his previous lovers joined hands to discredit him. seine früheren Geliebten haben sich zusammengetan, um ihn zu diskreditieren. seus amantes anteriores deram as mãos para desacreditá-lo.

Disheartened by the moral outrage, in 1816, aged 28, Sklíčený morálním pobouřením v roce 1816, ve věku 28 let, Entmutigt durch die moralische Entrüstung, 1816, im Alter von 28 Jahren, Desanimado com a indignação moral, em 1816, aos 28 anos,

Byron went into exile, never to return to England.

Life gave him another chance to travel and explore.

Broke as he was, he still travelled in great style. I když byl zlomený, stále cestoval ve velkém stylu. Obwohl er pleite war, reiste er immer noch mit großem Stil. Per quanto fosse al verde, viaggiava comunque con grande stile. Незважаючи на те, що він був розбитий, він все одно подорожував у великому стилі.

Although most of his London possessions were seized by bailiffs,

he had managed to escape in his coach so was not without luxury. podařilo se mu utéct ve svém kočáru, takže nebyl bez luxusu. Er hatte es geschafft, in seiner Kutsche zu fliehen, war also nicht ohne Luxus. era riuscito a fuggire con la sua carrozza e quindi non gli mancava il lusso. 他成功地乘坐马车逃走了，所以并不是没有奢侈。

The coach had couches and a luxurious bedroom. La carrozza aveva divani e una lussuosa camera da letto.

Meanwhile, his servants and luggage followed behind in another carriage. Nel frattempo, i suoi servitori e i bagagli lo seguivano in un'altra carrozza.

There was also a peacock, a monkey and a dog in the travelling party. Nel gruppo di viaggiatori c'erano anche un pavone, una scimmia e un cane. Havia também um pavão, um macaco e um cachorro no grupo de viagem.

Byron was accompanied by his personal doctor who had been paid a princely sum of Byron wurde von seinem Leibarzt begleitet, der eine stolze Summe von Byron era accompagnato dal suo medico personale, al quale era stata corrisposta una somma principesca di 拜伦的陪同人员是他的私人医生，他的报酬是一大笔钱。

£500 from a publisher to write a secret diary of the poet's scandalous adventures. 500 Pfund von einem Verleger, um ein geheimes Tagebuch über die skandalösen Abenteuer des Dichters zu schreiben. 500 sterline da un editore per scrivere un diario segreto delle avventure scandalose del poeta.

This book, by the way, was later burned. Dieses Buch wurde übrigens später verbrannt. Questo libro, tra l'altro, fu poi bruciato.

During his travels, Byron befriended the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley who was on the Durante i suoi viaggi, Byron fece amicizia con il poeta Percy Bysshe Shelley, che si trovava a bordo della sua nave. Durante suas viagens, Byron fez amizade com o poeta Percy Bysshe Shelley, que estava no Во время своих путешествий Байрон подружился с поэтом Перси Биши Шелли, который был на 在旅行期间，拜伦结识了诗人珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）。

run from his own wife, Shelley's 18-year old mistress Mary, who would become Mary utíkat před svou vlastní manželkou, Shelleyho 18letou milenkou Mary, která se stane Mary scappare dalla propria moglie, Mary, l'amante diciottenne di Shelley, che sarebbe diventata Mary fugir de sua própria esposa, a amante de 18 anos de Shelley, Mary, que se tornaria Mary бежал от своей жены, 18-летней любовницы Шелли Мэри, которая впоследствии стала Мэри

Shelley, and spent time with Mary's half-sister, Claire Clairmont with whom Byron Shelley a trávil čas s Maryinou nevlastní sestrou Claire Clairmont, se kterou Byron Shelley, e trascorreva del tempo con la sorellastra di Mary, Claire Clairmont, con la quale Byron

had had an affair back in London and was actually pregnant with his child, Allegra. měl poměr v Londýně a byl ve skutečnosti těhotný se svým dítětem Allegrou. aveva avuto una relazione a Londra ed era in realtà incinta di suo figlio, Allegra. teve um caso em Londres e na verdade estava grávida de seu filho, Allegra.

The weather that summer was awful. Quell'estate il tempo era terribile.

This was because a volcanic ash cloud had stolen the sun from Questo perché una nube di cenere vulcanica aveva rubato il sole a

much of Europe, leading to almost constant rain and thunderstorms.

In this atmospheric setting, and high on wine and opium, the new friends wrote In questo ambiente suggestivo, e strafatti di vino e oppio, i nuovi amici scrivono Neste ambiente atmosférico, e cheio de vinho e ópio, os novos amigos escreveram

gothic horror stories together, most famously Frankenstein, before parting company. histórias de terror gótico juntos, a mais famosa Frankenstein, antes de se separarem.

Byron spent the winter of 1816 in Venice.

The somewhat liberal Italian morals suited his temperament. Poněkud liberální italské mravy vyhovovaly jeho temperamentu. La morale italiana, un po' liberale, si adattava al suo temperamento. 意大利人的道德观念有些自由，很适合他的气质。

And, of course, the womanising continued. A samozřejmě pokračovalo sukňování. E, naturalmente, la frequentazione di donne è continuata.

He claimed to sleep with over 200 women during his two-year stay there, Tvrdil, že během svého dvouletého pobytu tam spal s více než 200 ženami,

writing that "some of them are Countesses - and some of them Cobbler's napsal, že „některé z nich jsou hraběnky – a některé ševcovské scrivendo che "alcune di loro sono contesse - e alcune di loro sono ciabattine".

wives - some noble - some middling - some low - and all whores." manželky - některé vznešené - některé prostřední - některé nízké - a všechny děvky." mogli, alcune nobili, altre mediocri, altre ancora basse, e tutte puttane".

The travelling and new sexual experiences ignited his creativity.

He completed another part of Harold's Pilgrimage and Absolvoval další díl Haroldovy pouti a

composed Beppo, a poem comparing English and Italian customs. složil Beppo, báseň srovnávající anglické a italské zvyky.

Among his many mistresses in Venice were Marianna Segati, the wife of his landlord and Mezi jeho četné milenky v Benátkách patřila Marianna Segati, manželka jeho domácího a Tra le sue numerose amanti a Venezia c'era Marianna Segati, moglie del suo padrone di casa e di un suo amico.

Margarita Cogni, the wife of a local baker who left her husband and moved in with Byron. Margarita Cogni, manželka místního pekaře, který opustil manžela a přestěhoval se k Byronovi. Margarita Cogni, esposa de um padeiro local que deixou o marido e foi morar com Byron.

Apparently, his and Cogni's fighting got so bad, Byron would sleep the night in a gondola. Jeho a Cogniho boj se očividně tak zhoršil, že Byron spal celou noc v gondole. Anscheinend wurde der Streit zwischen ihm und Cogni so schlimm, dass Byron die Nacht in einer Gondel verbrachte. Al parecer, las peleas entre él y Cogni llegaron a tal punto que Byron pasaba la noche en una góndola. Pare che i litigi tra lui e Cogni fossero così gravi che Byron avrebbe dormito la notte in gondola. Aparentemente, a briga dele e de Cogni ficou tão ruim que Byron dormia a noite em uma gôndola.

After he asked her to leave, she dramatically threw herself into the canal in Venice. Poté, co ji požádal, aby odešla, se dramaticky vrhla do kanálu v Benátkách. Dopo che lui le chiese di andarsene, lei si gettò drammaticamente nel canale di Venezia.

His sexual adventures in Venice and Rome inspired Le sue avventure sessuali a Venezia e a Roma hanno ispirato

him to write one of his most famous poems, Don Juan.

Penned as a story of an uncultured man who was easily seduced by women, the poem is Báseň je napsaná jako příběh nekulturního muže, který se snadno nechal svést ženami Scritto come la storia di un uomo incolto che si lascia facilmente sedurre dalle donne, il poema è

also a commentary on the absurdities and hypocrisies of societal norms and culture. také komentář k absurditám a pokrytectvím společenských norem a kultury.

Byron was visited by his old friend Shelley in 1818, who found him Byrona v roce 1818 navštívil jeho starý přítel Shelley, který ho našel

growing fat, with unkempt hair, and drowning in sexual promiscuity. tloustne, s neupravenými vlasy a utápí se v sexuální promiskuitě. Sie werden fett, haben ungepflegtes Haar und ertrinken in sexueller Promiskuität. ingrassando, con capelli incolti e annegando nella promiscuità sessuale. engordando, com o cabelo despenteado e se afogando na promiscuidade sexual.

It is then that Byron gave up what he called “miscellaneous harlotry,” he settled for the “strictest Tehdy se Byron vzdal toho, co nazval „různorodým smilstvem“, spokojil se s „nejpřísnějším Damals gab Byron das auf, was er als "vielseitige Hurerei" bezeichnete, er entschied sich für die "strengste È allora che Byron rinuncia a quella che chiamava "prostituzione varia", e si accontenta della "più rigorosa É então que Byron desistiu do que ele chamou de “prostituição variada”, ele se contentou com o “mais rigoroso

adultery” with Countess Teresa Guiccioli – an 18-year-old girl married to a man three times her age. cizoložství“ s hraběnkou Teresou Guiccioli – 18letou dívkou provdanou za muže třikrát staršího než ona. Ehebruch" mit der Gräfin Teresa Guiccioli - einer 18-Jährigen, die mit einem Mann verheiratet war, der dreimal so alt war wie sie. adultério” com a Condessa Teresa Guiccioli – uma jovem de 18 anos casada com um homem com o triplo da sua idade.

In the course of their relationship, Teresa gave some order to his life. V průběhu jejich vztahu dala Tereza do jeho života určitý řád. Im Laufe ihrer Beziehung brachte Teresa etwas Ordnung in sein Leben.

He lived in Ravenna, in central Italy, for two years just to be close to Teresa. Dva roky žil v Ravenně ve střední Itálii, jen aby byl blízko Tereze.

Byron's home in Ravenna was described by Shelley as having ten horses, Byronův dům v Ravenně popsal Shelley jako dům s deseti koňmi,

eight enormous dogs, three monkeys, five cats, an eagle, a crow, osm obrovských psů, tři opice, pět koček, orel, vrána,

a falcon, five peacocks, two guinea hens, and an Egyptian crane. sokol, pět pávů, dvě slepice a egyptský jeřáb.

All of these, said Shelley, except the horses, walked Všichni tihle, řekl Shelley, kromě koní, chodili

about the house as if they were the masters of it. o domě jako by byli jeho pány. im Haus herum, als ob sie die Herren des Hauses wären.

Teresa and Byron became inseparable, following each other Teresa a Byron se stali nerozlučnými, následovali jeden druhého

to different cities and leaving a trail of rumours behind. do různých měst a zanechávají za sebou stopu pověstí.

However, tragically, Teresa was forced to leave Byron to save her father from exile. Bohužel však byla Tereza nucena Byrona opustit, aby zachránila svého otce před vyhnanstvím.

Soon after, Byron looked for a new adventure.

Revisiting his old Romantic dream of helping the Greeks gain independence, he left for Cephalonia. Znovu se vrátil ke svému starému romantickému snu o pomoci Řekům získat nezávislost a odešel do Kefalonie.

His lavish and active imagination again came into play and he spent £4,000 to Jeho bujná a aktivní představivost opět vstoupila do hry a utratil 4 000 liber Sua imaginação pródiga e ativa novamente entrou em jogo e ele gastou £ 4.000 para

design grand army costumes for the Greeks, preparing the fleet for the sea. navrhnout velké armádní kostýmy pro Řeky a připravit flotilu na moře. desenhar grandes trajes do exército para os gregos, preparando a frota para o mar.

He joined forces with Prince Aléxandros Mavrokordátos, a leader representing western Greece. Spojil své síly s princem Aléxandrosem Mavrokordátosem, vůdcem zastupujícím západní Řecko. Er schloss sich mit Fürst Aléxandros Mavrokordátos zusammen, einem Führer, der Westgriechenland repräsentierte.

However, he found the Greeks divided even among themselves. Našel však Řeky rozdělené i mezi sebou. No entanto, ele encontrou os gregos divididos até entre si.

He talked to rival factions to reach an agreement between them, but it didn't work. Mluvil s konkurenčními frakcemi, aby se mezi nimi dohodl, ale nefungovalo to. Ele conversou com facções rivais para chegar a um acordo entre elas, mas não funcionou.

He invested what would be millions of Euros in today's money into the cause, Investoval do věci to, co by v dnešních penězích byly miliony eur,

funding troops and helping both Muslim and Christian victims of the war. financování vojáků a pomoc muslimským i křesťanským obětem války.

He took the rebel army under his own command, despite his lack of military experience. Vzal povstaleckou armádu pod vlastní velení, navzdory nedostatku vojenských zkušeností.

He was welcomed as a semi-Messiah figure and there is no doubt this fed his ego. Byl vítán jako napůl mesiášská postava a není pochyb, že to živilo jeho ego. Er wurde als eine Art Messias begrüßt, was zweifellos sein Ego nährte.

The ‘mad, bad and dangerous to know' poet developed a sort of national hero status in Greece, Básník „šílený, špatný a nebezpečný k poznání“ si v Řecku vytvořil jakýsi status národního hrdiny,

and there were commentators at the time that said he could have become King of Greece. a v té době byli komentátoři, kteří říkali, že se mohl stát řeckým králem. und es gab damals Kommentatoren, die meinten, er hätte König von Griechenland werden können.

But his behaviour was erratic. Ale jeho chování bylo nevyzpytatelné.

There was speculation that he was going mad and showing Spekulovalo se, že šílí a ukazuje Es gab Spekulationen, dass er verrückt geworden sei und sich

symptoms of the sexually transmitted disease syphilis.

Others think he was actually just a deeply impassioned man who fought for what he loved. Jiní si myslí, že to byl ve skutečnosti jen hluboce vášnivý muž, který bojoval za to, co miloval.

He had said years before, “If I am a poet... Er hatte Jahre zuvor gesagt: "Wenn ich ein Dichter bin...

the air of Greece has made me one.” řecký vzduch ze mě udělal jednoho." Die Luft Griechenlands hat mich zu einem gemacht." l'aria della Grecia mi ha reso tale".

However, it was here while preparing for a revolution Bylo to zde však při přípravě revoluce Allerdings war es hier bei der Vorbereitung einer Revolution No entanto, foi aqui enquanto se preparava para uma revolução

that his life was cut short, and he died aged just 36. že jeho život byl zkrácen a zemřel v pouhých 36 letech. que sua vida foi interrompida e ele morreu com apenas 36 anos.

He had got very wet while out riding, and then afterwards became feverish. Při jízdě na koni hodně zmokl a pak dostal horečku. Er war beim Reiten sehr nass geworden und hatte danach Fieber bekommen. Ele ficou muito molhado enquanto cavalgava e depois ficou febril.

He died as he had lived, in dramatic fashion, with lightning flashing all around him. Zemřel tak, jak žil, dramatickým způsobem, s blesky blikajícími všude kolem něj. Ele morreu como viveu, de forma dramática, com relâmpagos piscando ao seu redor.

His body was delivered back to England but it was denied burial Jeho tělo bylo doručeno zpět do Anglie, ale jeho pohřeb byl odepřen Seu corpo foi entregue de volta à Inglaterra, mas foi negado o enterro

in Westminster Abbey because of his ‘questionable morality'. ve Westminsterském opatství kvůli jeho „pochybné morálce“.

Now, say or think what you want about Lord Byron, he was clearly a man Teď si o lordu Byronovi říkejte nebo myslete, co chcete, byl to zjevně muž

who lived life to its fullest, and left a mark on everyone he came across. který žil život naplno a zanechal stopu na každém, na koho narazil. der das Leben in vollen Zügen genoss und bei allen, die ihm begegneten, Spuren hinterließ.

He fell headfirst into a life of scandal, rebelling against and exposing what he saw as Spadl po hlavě do života plného skandálu, bouřil se proti a odhaloval to, co viděl jako Ele caiu de cabeça em uma vida de escândalos, rebelando-se e expondo o que ele via como

Britain's hypocrisy, carefully concealed under the many prim and proper conventions of the day. Britské pokrytectví, pečlivě skryté pod mnoha primárními a správnými konvencemi té doby.

He really became the first rock-star poet. Opravdu se stal prvním básníkem rockové hvězdy. Ele realmente se tornou o primeiro poeta rock-star.

He had his drama, his hedonism, his radical ideas, and his rudeness, Měl své drama, svůj hédonismus, své radikální myšlenky a svou hrubost,

but he also had his genius, which was way ahead of his time. ale měl také svého génia, který výrazně předběhl jeho dobu. mas também tinha seu gênio, que estava muito à frente de seu tempo.

So let me just finish with a short quote from one of his poems:

“There are four questions of value in life, Don Octavio. "V životě jsou čtyři důležité otázky, Done Octavio." "Es gibt vier Wertfragen im Leben, Don Octavio. “Há quatro questões de valor na vida, Dom Octavio.

What is sacred? co je posvátné? O que é sagrado?

Of what is the spirit made? Z čeho je stvořen duch? Do que o espírito é feito?

What is worth living for and what is worth dying for? Pro co stojí za to žít a pro co zemřít? Pelo que vale a pena viver e pelo que vale a pena morrer?

The answer to each is the same. Odpověď na každou z nich je stejná.

Only love.”

OK then, that is it for today's episode on The Scandalous Life of Lord Byron.

I hope it's been an interesting one, and that you've learnt something new.

As always, I would love to know what you thought of this episode.

What do you think about Lord Byron?

Hero, villain, or somewhere in between? Hrdina, padouch nebo někde mezi?

And especially for the Italians and Greeks among you, A zvláště pro Italy a Řeky mezi vámi,

how do people in your country remember him, if at all? como as pessoas em seu país se lembram dele, se é que lembram?

I would love to know.

You can head right into our community forum, which is at Můžete zamířit přímo do našeho komunitního fóra, které je na adrese

community.leonardoenglish.com and get chatting away to other curious minds. community.leonardoenglish.com a chatujte s ostatními zvědavými mozky.

You've been listening to English Learning for Curious Minds, by Leonardo English.

I'm Alastair Budge, you stay safe, and I'll catch you in the next episode. Eu sou Alastair Budge, fique seguro, e eu te pego no próximo episódio.