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Big Think, Multitasking Is a Myth, and to Attempt It Comes at a Neurobiological Cost.

Multitasking Is a Myth, and to Attempt It Comes at a Neurobiological Cost.

Daniel Levitin: It turns out that multitasking is a myth. We think that we're doing a whole bunch of things at once. But we're not actually because the brain doesn't work that way. In a number of studies now have shown from Earl Miller's lab at MIT and others that what we're really doing is we're paying attention to one thing for a little bit of time and then another and then another and then we come back around to the first. And all of these are separate projects that are occurring in separate parts of the brain, they require a separate start time, a separate monitoring process. And you end up fractionating your attention into little bits and pieces, not really engaging fully in any one thing. All that switching across tasks comes with a neurobiological cost. It depletes resources. So after an hour or two of attempting to multitask, if we find that we're tired and we can't focus, it's because those very neural chemicals we needed to focus are now gone. There are some jobs that require, not multitasking because we know it doesn't exist but this kind of a rapid switching, I'm an air traffic controller, simultaneous translator at the UN, journalists, monitoring all these different things at once. And we can take a tip from the air traffic controllers who, as part of their duty cycle, are required after every hour and a half or two hours of work it's mandated that they take a 15 to 30 minute break. And that means an unplugged disconnected break where they go for a walk or listen to music, they exercise, something to restore all of the burned up neurochemicals.

You might ask during this period of our evolution when there's all this information is the brain adapting and changing? And yes it is. The brain adapts and changes all the time. Evolution is happening all the time. Unfortunately it's rather sluggish. We talk about it in terms of evolutionary lag and generally speaking it takes about 20,000 years for the brain to catch up with the way the environment is in terms of how it's encoded in the genome. So 20,000 years from now our brains may have evolved to deal with it. In the meantime we have to employee strategies, just a little bit more self-disciplined then we currently use to filter out unwanted or unnecessary input. I'm not talking about never letting something frivolous or fun in, but I'm talking about adopting a kind of a habit of allowing yourself to focus on one thing at a time for at least a few hours a day.

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Multitasking Is a Myth, and to Attempt It Comes at a Neurobiological Cost. Multitasking|||Mythos||||||||Neurobiologischen|Preis Simultaneous tasking failure|||false belief|||Try||results in|||brain function|Neurobiological expense |||a myth|||to attempt|||||| multitasking||||||próba||przychodzi|||neurobiologicznym| Multitasking ist ein Mythos, und der Versuch, es zu tun, ist mit neurobiologischen Kosten verbunden. Multitasking Is a Myth, and to Attempt It Comes at a Neurobiological Cost. La multitarea es un mito, e intentarlo tiene un coste neurobiológico. Le multitâche est un mythe et sa tentative a un coût neurobiologique. Il multitasking è un mito e tentarlo comporta un costo neurobiologico. マルチタスクは神話であり、それを試みることは神経生物学的コストを伴う。 멀티태스킹은 신화이며, 멀티태스킹을 시도하는 것은 신경 생물학적인 대가를 치르게 됩니다. Wielozadaniowość to mit, a jej próba wiąże się z kosztami neurobiologicznymi. A multitarefa é um mito e a sua tentativa tem um custo neurobiológico. Многозадачность - это миф, и попытка ее реализации сопряжена с нейробиологическими издержками. Multitasking är en myt, och att försöka sig på det kostar neurobiologiskt. Çoklu Görev Bir Efsanedir ve Bunu Denemenin Nörobiyolojik Bir Bedeli Vardır. Багатозадачність - це міф, і спроби її реалізації призводять до нейробіологічних наслідків. 多任务处理是一个神话,尝试它需要付出神经生物学的代价。 多任务处理是一个神话,尝试它需要付出神经生物学的代价。 多工處理是一個神話,嘗試它需要付出神經生物學代價。

Daniel Levitin: It turns out that multitasking is a myth. |利维廷|||||||| Daniel Levitin|Daniel Levitin||proves||||||false belief |||||||||mit |||verbo auxiliar|||||| Daniel Levitin: Acontece que a multitarefa é um mito. Дэниел Левитин: Оказывается, многозадачность - это миф. Daniel Levitin: Çoklu görevin bir efsane olduğu ortaya çıktı. Daniel Levitin: Hóa ra đa nhiệm là một chuyện hoang đường. Daniel Levitin:事实证明,同时处理多项任务是一个神话。 We think that we're doing a whole bunch of things at once. |||||||一大堆|||| ||||||entirety of|||||simultaneously |||||||a whole bunch|||| Pensamos que estamos a fazer uma série de coisas ao mesmo tempo. Нам кажется, что мы делаем кучу дел одновременно. Aynı anda bir sürü şey yaptığımızı düşünüyoruz. 我们认为我们同时在做一大堆事情。 But we're not actually because the brain doesn't work that way. ||||||大脑|||| ||||||human mind||function that way|| Mas na verdade não somos, porque o cérebro não funciona dessa forma. Но на самом деле это не так, потому что мозг работает по-другому. Ama aslında değiliz çünkü beyin bu şekilde çalışmıyor. 但我们实际上不是,因为大脑不是那样工作的。 In a number of studies now have shown from Earl Miller's lab at MIT and others that what we're really doing is we're paying attention to one thing for a little bit of time and then another and then another and then we come back around to the first. ||||research investigations|||have demonstrated||Earl Miller|Earl Miller's|research facility||||other researchers|that|||||||focusing on|focus on||||||short period|short period|||||a different one|||a different one||||return to||||| Eine Reihe von Studien aus dem Labor von Earl Miller am MIT und anderen haben nun gezeigt, dass wir in Wirklichkeit eine Weile auf eine Sache achten und dann auf eine andere und dann auf eine andere und dann wieder zurückkommen zum ersten. Vários estudos do laboratório de Earl Miller no MIT e outros demonstraram que o que estamos realmente a fazer é prestar atenção a uma coisa durante algum tempo e depois a outra e depois a outra e depois voltamos à primeira. В ряде исследований, проведенных в лаборатории Эрла Миллера в Массачусетском технологическом институте и других, было показано, что на самом деле мы обращаем внимание на одну вещь в течение некоторого времени, затем на другую, затем на третью, а потом возвращаемся к первой. Earl Miller'ın MIT'deki laboratuarında ve diğerlerinde yapılan bir dizi çalışma, aslında yaptığımız şeyin bir şeye bir süre dikkatimizi verdikten sonra başka bir şeye, sonra başka bir şeye dikkatimizi verip tekrar ilkine dönmek olduğunu göstermiştir. 麻省理工学院 Earl Miller 实验室和其他人的多项研究表明,我们真正在做的是,我们只关注一件事一段时间,然后关注另一件事,然后再关注另一件事,然后我们又回来了到第一个。 And all of these are separate projects that are occurring in separate parts of the brain, they require a separate start time, a separate monitoring process. ||||||tasks or activities|||||distinct|regions|||||need|||beginning point||||tracking or observing|monitoring method E todos estes são projectos separados que estão a ocorrer em partes separadas do cérebro, requerem uma hora de início separada, um processo de monitorização separado. И все это отдельные проекты, которые происходят в отдельных частях мозга, они требуют отдельного времени запуска, отдельного процесса мониторинга. Ve tüm bunlar beynin ayrı bölümlerinde gerçekleşen ayrı projelerdir, ayrı bir başlangıç zamanı, ayrı bir izleme süreci gerektirirler. 所有这些都是发生在大脑不同部分的独立项目,它们需要一个单独的开始时间,一个单独的监控过程。 And you end up fractionating your attention into little bits and pieces, not really engaging fully in any one thing. ||||teilen||||||||||||||| ||wind up||dividing|||||small parts||small parts|||fully participating in|completely||a single task|| And you end up fractionating your attention into little bits and pieces, not really engaging fully in any one thing. E acabamos por fracionar a nossa atenção em pequenos pedaços, sem nos dedicarmos totalmente a nada. В итоге вы разбиваете свое внимание на мелкие кусочки и не можете полностью увлечься чем-то одним. Ve sonunda dikkatinizi küçük parçalara ve parçalara ayırırsınız, herhangi bir şeye tam olarak odaklanamazsınız. 你最终会把你的注意力分散成一点点零碎的东西,而没有真正全神贯注于任何一件事。 All that switching across tasks comes with a neurobiological cost. ||Wechseln||||||| |||between different tasks|activities||||brain-related| ||switching||||||| All that switching across tasks comes with a neurobiological cost. Toda essa alternância entre tarefas tem um custo neurobiológico. Все эти переключения между задачами влекут за собой нейробиологические издержки. Görevler arasındaki tüm bu geçişlerin nörobiyolojik bir maliyeti vardır. 所有跨任务的切换都会带来神经生物学成本。 It depletes resources. |erschöpft| |uses up|supplies or assets |esgota| It depletes resources. Esgota os recursos. Она истощает ресурсы. Kaynakları tüketir. 它会耗尽资源。 So after an hour or two of attempting to multitask, if we find that we're tired and we can't focus, it's because those very neural chemicals we needed to focus are now gone. |||60 minutes||a couple||trying to multitask||handle multiple tasks|||discover|||worn out||||||||exact same||neurotransmitters||required||concentrate attentively||| So after an hour or two of attempting to multitask, if we find that we're tired and we can't focus, it's because those very neural chemicals we needed to focus are now gone. Assim, após uma ou duas horas de tentativas de multitarefa, se nos sentirmos cansados e não conseguirmos concentrar-nos, é porque os químicos neurais de que precisávamos para nos concentrarmos já desapareceram. Так что если через час или два после многозадачности мы обнаруживаем, что устали и не можем сосредоточиться, это потому, что те самые нейронные химические вещества, которые были нужны нам для концентрации внимания, теперь исчезли. Yani bir ya da iki saat çoklu görev yapmaya çalıştıktan sonra, yorgun olduğumuzu ve odaklanamadığımızı fark edersek, bunun nedeni odaklanmak için ihtiyaç duyduğumuz sinirsel kimyasalların artık yok olmasıdır. 因此,在尝试同时处理一两个小时后,如果我们发现自己疲倦且无法集中注意力,那是因为那些我们需要集中注意力的神经化学物质现在已经消失了。 There are some jobs that require, not multitasking because we know it doesn't exist but this kind of a rapid switching, I'm an air traffic controller, simultaneous translator at the UN, journalists, monitoring all these different things at once. |||work roles||||||||||isn't real||||||quick transitions|rapid task shifting|||||traffic manager|at the same time|simultaneous interpreter|||United Nations|news reporters||||varied tasks simultaneously||| Há alguns trabalhos que requerem, não multitarefa porque sabemos que não existe, mas este tipo de mudança rápida, sou controlador de tráfego aéreo, tradutor simultâneo na ONU, jornalistas, monitorizando todas estas coisas diferentes ao mesmo tempo. Есть работы, которые требуют не многозадачности, потому что мы знаем, что ее не существует, а такого быстрого переключения: я авиадиспетчер, синхронный переводчик в ООН, журналист, отслеживающий все эти разные вещи одновременно. Bazı işler vardır ki, çoklu görev gerektirmez çünkü böyle bir şeyin olmadığını biliyoruz ama bu tür hızlı geçişler, ben bir hava trafik kontrolörüyüm, BM'de eş zamanlı çevirmenlik yapıyorum, gazeteciyim, aynı anda tüm bu farklı şeyleri izliyorum. 有些工作需要,不是多任务处理,因为我们知道它不存在,而是这种快速切换,我是一名空中交通管制员,联合国的同声传译员,记者,同时监控所有这些不同的事情。 And we can take a tip from the air traffic controllers who, as part of their duty cycle, are required after every hour and a half or two hours of work it's mandated that they take a 15 to 30 minute break. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||vorgeschrieben||||||| |||||piece of advice|||aviation industry professionals|aircraft movement|air traffic managers||||||work schedule|work period||mandated to take||||||90 minutes|||periods of work||||required by rule||||||short period|short rest period |||||a suggestion|||||||||||dovere|cycle|||||||||||||||||||||| E podemos seguir o exemplo dos controladores de tráfego aéreo que, como parte do seu ciclo de trabalho, são obrigados a fazer uma pausa de 15 a 30 minutos após cada hora e meia ou duas horas de trabalho. И мы можем взять пример с авиадиспетчеров, которые, как часть своего рабочего цикла, обязаны после каждых полутора-двух часов работы делать перерыв на 15-30 минут. Görev döngüsünün bir parçası olarak, her bir buçuk ya da iki saatlik çalışmanın ardından 15 ila 30 dakika mola vermeleri zorunlu olan hava trafik kontrolörlerinden bir ipucu alabiliriz. 我们可以从空中交通管制员那里得到一个提示,作为他们工作周期的一部分,他们需要在每工作一个半小时或两个小时后休息 15 到 30 分钟。 And that means an unplugged disconnected break where they go for a walk or listen to music, they exercise, something to restore all of the burned up neurochemicals. ||||nicht angeschlossen|getrennt|||||||||||Musik||||||||||| ||signifies||disconnected from technology|uninterrupted|||||||||pay attention to||songs or tunes||work out|||replenish||||depleted||brain chemicals ||||desconectada|desconectado||||||||||||||||||||||neuroquímicos E isso significa uma pausa desconectada e desligada em que vão dar um passeio ou ouvir música, fazem exercício, algo para restaurar todos os neuroquímicos queimados. А это значит, что нужно сделать перерыв на отдых, чтобы прогуляться или послушать музыку, заняться спортом, чтобы восстановить все сгоревшие нейрохимические вещества. Bu da yürüyüşe çıktıkları, müzik dinledikleri, egzersiz yaptıkları, tüm yanmış nörokimyasalları geri kazanacakları, fişten çekilmiş bir mola anlamına gelir. 这意味着不插电的休息时间,他们可以去散步或听音乐,锻炼身体,恢复所有燃烧的神经化学物质。

You might ask during this period of our evolution when there's all this information is the brain adapting and changing? |could potentially|inquire|||phase of time|||development and change|||||data||||adjusting and evolving||adapting and evolving Poder-se-ia perguntar: durante este período da nossa evolução, quando existe toda esta informação, o cérebro está a adaptar-se e a mudar? Вы можете спросить: в этот период нашей эволюции, когда есть вся эта информация, адаптируется ли мозг и меняется ли он? Evrimimizin bu döneminde, tüm bu bilgi varken beyin uyum sağlıyor ve değişiyor mu diye sorabilirsiniz. 您可能会问,在我们进化的这个时期,当所有这些信息都在大脑适应和改变时? And yes it is. |Indeed|| E é mesmo. И да, это так. Ve evet öyle. The brain adapts and changes all the time. ||passt sich an||verändert||| ||adjusts|also|modifies itself||| ||se adapta||||| O cérebro adapta-se e muda a toda a hora. Мозг постоянно адаптируется и меняется. Beyin her zaman adapte olur ve değişir. 大脑一直在适应和变化。 Evolution is happening all the time. Evolution||||| ||taking place||| A evolução está a acontecer a todo o momento. Эволюция происходит постоянно. Evrim her zaman gerçekleşiyor. Unfortunately it's rather sluggish. |||träge Regrettably, it's slow.|||slow to respond |||lento |è|rather|lento Infelizmente, é bastante lento. К сожалению, она довольно медлительна. Ne yazık ki oldukça yavaş. 不幸的是,它相当缓慢。 We talk about it in terms of evolutionary lag and generally speaking it takes about 20,000 years for the brain to catch up with the way the environment is in terms of how it's encoded in the genome. ||||||||Rückstand|||||||||||||||||||||||||kodiert||| |discuss||the topic||aspects||biological development process|delay in adaptation||"usually"|||requires||20 millennia||||catch up|adapt to changes|||||||||||||genetically programmed|||genetic blueprint ||||||||atraso evolutivo|||||||||||||||||||||||||codificado||| ||||||||retraso evolutivo|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| We talk about it in terms of evolutionary lag and generally speaking it takes about 20,000 years for the brain to catch up with the way the environment is in terms of how it's encoded in the genome. Falamos disso em termos de desfasamento evolutivo e, de um modo geral, são necessários cerca de 20 000 anos para que o cérebro se adapte à forma como o ambiente é codificado no genoma. Мы говорим об этом в терминах эволюционного отставания, и в целом мозгу требуется около 20 000 лет, чтобы догнать окружающую среду с точки зрения того, как она закодирована в геноме. Bu konudan evrimsel gecikme açısından bahsediyoruz ve genel olarak konuşursak, beynin genomda nasıl kodlandığı açısından çevrenin durumuna yetişmesi yaklaşık 20.000 yıl alıyor. 我们从进化滞后的角度来谈论它,一般来说,大脑需要大约 20,000 年的时间才能赶上环境在基因组中的编码方式。 So 20,000 years from now our brains may have evolved to deal with it. |||||minds|might have possibly||adapted or changed||handle or manage|| Portanto, daqui a 20 000 anos, os nossos cérebros poderão ter evoluído para lidar com isso. Так что через 20 000 лет наш мозг, возможно, эволюционирует, чтобы справиться с этим. Yani bundan 20.000 yıl sonra beyinlerimiz bununla başa çıkacak şekilde evrimleşmiş olabilir. 所以 20,000 年后,我们的大脑可能已经进化到可以处理它。 In the meantime we have to employee strategies, just a little bit more self-disciplined then we currently use to filter out unwanted or unnecessary input. ||In der Zwischenzeit||||||||||||||||||filtern||unerwünschte||unnötig| ||For now||||use|tactical plans||||||self-control|self-controlled|||at present|currently rely on||screen out||not needed||not needed|information received ||enquanto isso||||||||||||||||||||||| In der Zwischenzeit müssen wir Strategien einsetzen, die nur ein bisschen disziplinierter sind, als wir es derzeit gewohnt sind, um unerwünschte oder unnötige Eingaben herauszufiltern. In the meantime we have to employee strategies, just a little bit more self-disciplined then we currently use to filter out unwanted or unnecessary input. それまでの間、私たちは戦略を採用しなければなりません。不要な入力や不必要な入力を除外するために現在使用しているよりも、もう少し自己規律を高める必要があります。 Entretanto, temos de utilizar estratégias, um pouco mais autodisciplinadas do que as que utilizamos atualmente, para filtrar as informações indesejadas ou desnecessárias. А пока мы должны использовать стратегии, чуть более самодисциплинированные, чем те, которые мы используем сейчас, чтобы отсеивать нежелательные или ненужные данные. Bu arada, istenmeyen veya gereksiz girdileri filtrelemek için şu anda kullandığımızdan biraz daha disiplinli çalışan stratejilerine ihtiyacımız var. 与此同时,我们必须制定员工策略,比我们目前用来过滤掉不需要的或不必要的输入更自律一点。 I'm not talking about never letting something frivolous or fun in, but I'm talking about adopting a kind of a habit of allowing yourself to focus on one thing at a time for at least a few hours a day. |||||||oberflächlich||||||||annehmen|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||permitting||unimportant or fun||enjoyable activity||||||taking on|||||routine||permitting||||||||||||minimum of||a small number|||per day Ich rede nicht davon, dass man nie etwas Belangloses oder Spaßiges zulässt, sondern davon, eine Art Gewohnheit anzunehmen, sich zumindest ein paar Stunden am Tag auf eine Sache zu konzentrieren. I'm not talking about never letting something frivolous or fun in, but I'm talking about adopting a kind of a habit of allowing yourself to focus on one thing at a time for at least a few hours a day. つまらないことや楽しいことを絶対に入れないということではありませんが、少なくとも 1 日に数時間、一度に 1 つのことに集中できるような習慣を身につけることについて話しているのです。 Não estou a falar de nunca deixar entrar algo frívolo ou divertido, mas estou a falar de adotar uma espécie de hábito de se permitir concentrar numa coisa de cada vez, pelo menos durante algumas horas por dia. Я не говорю о том, чтобы никогда не позволять себе что-то легкомысленное или веселое, но я говорю о том, что нужно взять за привычку позволять себе сосредоточиться на чем-то одном хотя бы на несколько часов в день. Anlamsız veya eğlenceli bir şeye asla izin vermemekten bahsetmiyorum, ancak günde en az birkaç saat boyunca tek bir şeye odaklanmanıza izin verme alışkanlığı edinmekten bahsediyorum. 我不是说永远不要让琐碎或有趣的事情进来,而是要养成一种习惯,让自己每天至少花几个小时一次专注于一件事。