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Overheard Podcast at National Geographic, The Lost City of Chan Chan | Lost Cities with Albert Lin

The Lost City of Chan Chan | Lost Cities with Albert Lin

[music playing]

ALBERT LIN: I'm headed to the lost city

of Chan Chan, once the beating heart

of the mighty Chimu empire.

Is that a pyramid?

I think that's a pyramid.

A pyramid at Chan Chan.

Can I find the answers inside the city walls

as to why the children had to die?

Built over a thousand years ago, amazingly much of the city

has survived.

And I've been told to expect something spectacular.

Look at these walls.

They stretch as far as the eye can see.

I got my drone up, taking a closer look right now.

Looks like a labyrinth of walls.

I'm using photogrammetry data with graphic modeling

to rebuild the city and these extraordinary walls.

Here they are restored to their full glory, a truly awe

inspiring sight rising out of the desert

like something out of a fable.

At its dazzling peak in the 15th century,

the city was a bustling home to 60,000 people,

about the size of London at the time,

and covering 14 square miles.

This is one of the greatest cities of human history.

So why did it collapse so suddenly?

I'm here to meet Peruvian archaeologist,

Arturo Paredes Nunez, who's been working here for years.

Ironically his last name means wall.

[speaking spanish]

This is Chan Chan.

Look at all these carvings here.

It's-- it looks like digital fish.

The Chimu covered the city with carvings of the ocean.

Wow.

Look at these.

They're everywhere.

But among all these artworks is one Arturo

really thinks I need to see.

An entire wall in the central palace

is devoted to a giant mural over 170 feet long.

Wow.

Look at this.

What is this?

ARTURO PAREDES NUNEZ: [speaking spanish]

ALBERT LIN: Fish.

Yes.

[speaking spanish]

And each one of these is actually a wave moving

down towards the coastline.

Are these currents?

[speaking spanish]

ALBERT LIN: All these fish, they're going in a direction.

They're traveling from south to north.

They're actually following the course of a current,

the Peruvian current.

But a closer look reveals that the mural also depicts a moment

of great change, another current coming back

in the other direction, fish swimming in the opposite way,

north to south.

Incredible.

Is this right?

Did I get this?

Did I get this right?

It looks like the Chimu are recording a dramatic shift

in the ocean currents.

And when that happens, something else dramatic happens, too.

A violent shift in the climate.

Were the Chimu recording a huge natural disaster

on those walls?

Were they chiseling a premonition

of their own destruction?

I need to check the data to see if they were right.

This is a dry, arid desert.

But a sudden switch in the Pacific Ocean current

can trigger violent change and devastating rain.

Look at this.

Everything flips.

Because the ocean currents are tied to the weather currents.

Everything's tied together.

I know this kind of thing.

I live on the Pacific coast myself, just in North America.

This climate shift is called an El Nino.

These days, it happens about once every five years.

But once in a generation, you get a really

big or long lasting event.

That's called a Super El Nino.

And the impact can be catastrophic.

Wait a minute.

Look at this, the data right here, this rainfall data.

Every year for the last decade, less than half an inch of rain.

And then boom, 2017, one big spike,

four inches of rain in a single year

completely out of the blue.

It happened as recently as 2017, destructive floods in Peru

caused by torrential rains triggered by a severe El Nino.

Maybe there's clues in the experiences in that El Nino

that'll tell me what might have happened to the Chimu.

I'm gonna go try to meet some people.

In 2017, the city of Trujillo, just three miles from Chan Chan

and also sandwiched between the sea and the mountains,

was one of the worst hit.

[dog barking]

I'm here to meet some people who almost lost everything.

One local family filmed the flood

as it tore through their home.

Never seen anything like this before,

this much moving material, water just rushing

down through the streets.

This whole thing would have been a river.

You can actually see the storm in the background.

[inaudible]

The more I talked to people in Trujillo,

the more I hear this word, [inaudible]..

It doesn't sound like Spanish to me.

[inaudible] is Quechua or is--

Quechua.

It is?

Quechua is an ancient language of Peru, predating the Spanish.

Wow, that's incredible.

This has happened so many times for so long

that there's an ancient word.

It's something that's embedded in the memory.

[inaudible]

[speaking spanish]

An avalanche.

This term, [inaudible],, is used to describe a combination

of water, mud, stone, debris.

Coming not from the ocean in the west,

but from the east in the mountains behind the city.

Is it possible that the same type

of event happened to the Chimu?

If it did, then there must be some way

of finding evidence that an El Nino

event happened in their time.

And the answers may be up in those mountains.

[soft music]

The Lost City of Chan Chan | Lost Cities with Albert Lin Die verlorene Stadt von Chan Chan | Verlorene Städte mit Albert Lin La ciudad perdida de Chan Chan | Ciudades perdidas con Albert Lin La cité perdue de Chan Chan | Cités perdues avec Albert Lin La città perduta di Chan Chan | Città perduta con Albert Lin ロスト・シティ・オブ・チャン・チャン｜アルバート・リンと行くロスト・シティーズ 잃어버린 도시 찬찬 | 알버트 린과 함께하는 잃어버린 도시 Dingęs Čan Čano miestas | Dingę miestai su Albertu Linu Zaginione miasto Chan Chan | Zaginione miasta z Albertem Linem A Cidade Perdida de Chan Chan | Cidades Perdidas com Albert Lin Затерянный город Чань-Чаня | Lost Cities with Albert Lin Chan Chan'in Kayıp Şehri | Albert Lin ile Kayıp Şehirler Загублене місто Чан-Чан | Загублені міста з Альбертом Ліном 灿灿的失落之城 |失落的城市与阿尔伯特林陳陳的失落之城 |與艾伯特林一起失落的城市

[music playing]

ALBERT LIN: I'm headed to the lost city |||向かっている|||| ALBERT LIN: Ich fahre in die verlorene Stadt ALBERT LIN: Estou a ir para a cidade perdida

of Chan Chan, once the beating heart di Chan Chan, una volta il cuore pulsante de Chan Chan, outrora o coração pulsante

of the mighty Chimu empire. |||チムー|帝国 do poderoso império Chimu.

Is that a pyramid? Isso é uma pirâmide?

I think that's a pyramid. Acho que isso é uma pirâmide.

A pyramid at Chan Chan.

Can I find the answers inside the city walls Kann ich die Antworten innerhalb der Stadtmauern finden? Posso trovare le risposte all'interno delle mura della città Posso encontrar as respostas dentro das muralhas da cidade?

as to why the children had to die? なぜ||||||| perché i bambini dovevano morire? porque é que as crianças tinham de morrer?

Built over a thousand years ago, amazingly much of the city Vor über tausend Jahren gebaut, erstaunlich viel von der Stadt Construída há mais de mil anos, surpreendentemente grande parte da cidade Bin yılı aşkın bir süre önce inşa edilen şehrin şaşırtıcı bir şekilde büyük bir kısmı

has survived. sobreviveu.

And I've been told to expect something spectacular. Und mir wurde gesagt, ich soll etwas Spektakuläres erwarten. E mi è stato detto di aspettarmi qualcosa di spettacolare. そして、私は何か壮観なものを期待するように言われました。 E disseram-me para esperar algo espetacular. Ve bana muhteşem bir şey beklemem söylendi.

Look at these walls. これらの壁を見てください。 Olha para estas paredes.

They stretch as far as the eye can see. |伸びる||||||| Si estendono a perdita d'occhio. 目に見える限り、壁は広がっています。 Estendem-se até onde a vista alcança. Göz alabildiğine uzanıyorlar.

I got my drone up, taking a closer look right now. 私|上げた||ドローン||||||| ドローンを飛ばして、今まさに近くから見ています。 Tenho o meu drone no ar e estou a dar uma vista de olhos mais de perto. Drone'umu kaldırdım, şimdi daha yakından bakıyorum.

Looks like a labyrinth of walls. |||maze|| |||迷路|| |||laberinto|| 壁の迷路のようです。

I'm using photogrammetry data with graphic modeling ||フォトグラメトリー|||| グラフィックモデリングとフォトグラメトリーデータを使用しています。 Fotogrametri verilerini grafik modelleme ile kullanıyorum

to rebuild the city and these extraordinary walls.

Here they are restored to their full glory, a truly awe |||||||||本当に| Hier werden sie zu ihrer vollen Pracht wiederhergestellt, eine wahre Ehrfurcht Aqui estão restaurados em toda a sua glória, uma verdadeira maravilha Burada tam ihtişamlarına kavuşturuldular, gerçekten hayranlık uyandırıyorlar.

inspiring sight rising out of the desert uma visão inspiradora que se ergue do deserto Çölden yükselen ilham verici manzara

like something out of a fable. |||||おとぎ話 como algo saído de uma fábula. Bir masaldan çıkmış gibi.

At its dazzling peak in the 15th century, Auf seinem schillernden Höhepunkt im 15. Jahrhundert No seu auge deslumbrante no século XV, Göz kamaştırıcı zirvesine 15. yüzyılda ulaşmıştır,

the city was a bustling home to 60,000 people, a cidade era uma casa movimentada para 60.000 pessoas, şehir 60.000 kişiye ev sahipliği yapan hareketli bir yerdi,

about the size of London at the time, etwa so groß wie damals London, O zamanlar Londra büyüklüğündeydi,

and covering 14 square miles. e cobrindo 14 quilómetros quadrados.

This is one of the greatest cities of human history.

So why did it collapse so suddenly? Então, porque é que se desmoronou tão subitamente?

I'm here to meet Peruvian archaeologist, |||||考古学者

Arturo Paredes Nunez, who's been working here for years.

Ironically his last name means wall.

[speaking spanish]

This is Chan Chan.

Look at all these carvings here. ||||彫刻| ||||tallados| Olha para todas estas esculturas aqui.

It's-- it looks like digital fish. Es sieht aus wie ein digitaler Fisch. Parece um peixe digital.

The Chimu covered the city with carvings of the ocean. Os Chimu cobriram a cidade com esculturas do oceano. Chimu'lar şehri okyanus oymalarıyla kaplamışlar.

Wow.

Look at these. Veja isto.

They're everywhere.

But among all these artworks is one Arturo ||||作品||| Ancak tüm bu sanat eserleri arasında bir Arturo

really thinks I need to see.

An entire wall in the central palace Merkez saraydaki bütün bir duvar

is devoted to a giant mural over 170 feet long. |捧げられた||||壁画||| uzunluğunda dev bir duvar resmine ayrılmıştır.

Wow.

Look at this.

What is this?

ARTURO PAREDES NUNEZ: [speaking spanish]

ALBERT LIN: Fish.

Yes.

[speaking spanish]

And each one of these is actually a wave moving Und jede davon ist eigentlich eine Welle, die sich bewegt そして、これらのそれぞれは実際に動いている波です。 E cada uma delas é, de facto, uma onda que se move Ve bunların her biri aslında hareket eden bir dalgadır.

down towards the coastline. 海岸線に向かって下っています。 em direção à costa. kıyı şeridine doğru.

Are these currents? これらは|| これらは潮流ですか？ São correntes? Bunlar akıntı mı?

[speaking spanish] [スペイン語を話しています]

ALBERT LIN: All these fish, they're going in a direction. アルバート・リン：これらの魚はすべて、方向に向かって進んでいます。

They're traveling from south to north.

They're actually following the course of a current, Aslında bir akıntıyı takip ediyorlar,

the Peruvian current. |ペルーの|海流 der peruanische Strom.

But a closer look reveals that the mural also depicts a moment ||より近くの||明らかにする||||||| しかし、近くで見ると、その壁画は大きな変化の瞬間も描いていることがわかる。 Mas um olhar mais atento revela que o mural também retrata um momento Ancak daha yakından bakıldığında duvar resminin aynı zamanda bir anı da tasvir ettiği görülür

of great change, another current coming back 反対方向から戻ってくる別の流れ、 de grande mudança, outra corrente a regressar büyük değişimin, başka bir akımın geri gelmesi

in the other direction, fish swimming in the opposite way, 逆方向に泳ぐ魚たちが。

north to south.

Incredible.

Is this right? É correto?

Did I get this? Será que percebi isto?

Did I get this right? Será que percebi bem?

It looks like the Chimu are recording a dramatic shift ||||||録音している||| Parece que os Chimu estão a registar uma mudança dramática Görünüşe göre Chimu dramatik bir değişim kaydediyor.

in the ocean currents.

And when that happens, something else dramatic happens, too. E quando isso acontece, acontece também outra coisa dramática.

A violent shift in the climate. |激しい|||| ||cambio|||

Were the Chimu recording a huge natural disaster

on those walls? naquelas paredes?

Were they chiseling a premonition ||||forewarning ||刻んでいる||予感 ||esculpiendo|| Estariam eles a esculpir uma premonição Bir önsezi mi yontuyorlardı?

of their own destruction? kendi yıkımlarının?

I need to check the data to see if they were right. データが正しいかどうか確認する必要があります。 Haklı olup olmadıklarını görmek için verileri kontrol etmem gerekiyor.

This is a dry, arid desert. ||||乾燥した| これは乾燥した不毛の砂漠です。 Este é um deserto seco e árido. Burası kuru, kurak bir çöl.

But a sudden switch in the Pacific Ocean current Aber ein plötzlicher Wechsel in der Strömung des Pazifischen Ozeans しかし、太平洋の海流の突然の変化がありました。

can trigger violent change and devastating rain. pode desencadear mudanças violentas e chuvas devastadoras. şiddetli değişimi ve yıkıcı yağmurları tetikleyebilir.

Look at this.

Everything flips. |ひっくり返る |gira Tudo vira. Her şey tersine döner.

Because the ocean currents are tied to the weather currents. Porque as correntes oceânicas estão ligadas às correntes meteorológicas. Çünkü okyanus akıntıları hava akıntılarına bağlıdır.

Everything's tied together. Tudo está ligado.

I know this kind of thing. |知っている|||| Ich kenne so etwas. 私はこの種のことを知っています。 Eu conheço este tipo de coisas.

I live on the Pacific coast myself, just in North America. 私は自分自身が北アメリカの太平洋岸に住んでいます。 Eu próprio vivo na costa do Pacífico, mas na América do Norte. Ben de Pasifik kıyısında yaşıyorum, sadece Kuzey Amerika'da.

This climate shift is called an El Nino. この気候変動はエルニーニョと呼ばれています。 Esta mudança climática é designada por El Nino.

These days, it happens about once every five years. Atualmente, acontece uma vez em cada cinco anos.

But once in a generation, you get a really ||||世代|||| Mas, uma vez por geração, temos um verdadeiro Ama bir nesilde bir kez, gerçekten

big or long lasting event. evento grande ou de longa duração.

That's called a Super El Nino.

And the impact can be catastrophic. |||||disastrous

Wait a minute.

Look at this, the data right here, this rainfall data. ||||||||降雨| Vejam isto, os dados aqui, estes dados sobre a precipitação.

Every year for the last decade, less than half an inch of rain. ||の||||少ない|||||| In den letzten zehn Jahren regnete es jedes Jahr weniger als einen halben Zoll. 過去10年間、毎年半インチ未満の雨。 Todos os anos, na última década, choveu menos de meio centímetro. Son on yılda her yıl yarım santimden az yağmur yağdı.

And then boom, 2017, one big spike, |||||pico そして、2017年、突然の大きな増加、 E depois boom, 2017, um grande pico,

four inches of rain in a single year 1年で4インチの雨 quatro polegadas de chuva num único ano

completely out of the blue. völlig aus heiterem Himmel. completamente do nada.

It happened as recently as 2017, destructive floods in Peru ||||||floods|| ||||||inundaciones|| Ainda em 2017, ocorreram inundações destruidoras no Peru 2017'de Peru'da yıkıcı sel felaketleri yaşandı

caused by torrential rains triggered by a severe El Nino. ||激しい||||||| causada por chuvas torrenciais desencadeadas por um El Nino severo. şiddetli El Nino'nun tetiklediği sağanak yağışlar nedeniyle meydana geldi.

Maybe there's clues in the experiences in that El Nino Talvez haja pistas nas experiências desse El Nino Belki de El Nino'daki deneyimlerde ipuçları vardır.

that'll tell me what might have happened to the Chimu. que me dirá o que pode ter acontecido aos Chimu. Chimu'ya ne olmuş olabileceğini bana söyleyecek.

I'm gonna go try to meet some people. Gidip birileriyle tanışmaya çalışacağım.

In 2017, the city of Trujillo, just three miles from Chan Chan 2017 yılında Trujillo şehri, Chan Chan'a sadece üç mil uzaklıkta

and also sandwiched between the sea and the mountains, e também entre o mar e as montanhas, Ayrıca deniz ve dağlar arasında sıkışmış durumda,

was one of the worst hit. war einer der am schlimmsten getroffenen. foi um dos mais afectados.

[dog barking]

I'm here to meet some people who almost lost everything. Buraya neredeyse her şeyini kaybetmiş insanlarla tanışmaya geldim.

One local family filmed the flood Uma família local filmou a inundação

as it tore through their home. ||desgarró||| enquanto destruía a sua casa. evlerini yıkıp geçerken.

Never seen anything like this before,

this much moving material, water just rushing tanta matéria em movimento, água a correr

down through the streets. pelas ruas.

This whole thing would have been a river. Tudo isto teria sido um rio.

You can actually see the storm in the background. É possível ver a tempestade ao fundo. Aslında arka planda fırtınayı görebilirsiniz.

[inaudible]

The more I talked to people in Trujillo, Quanto mais eu falava com as pessoas em Trujillo, Trujillo'daki insanlarla konuştukça,

the more I hear this word, [inaudible].. ||||||聞こえない Bu kelimeyi ne kadar çok duyarsam, [duyulmuyor]..

It doesn't sound like Spanish to me. Não me parece que seja espanhol.

[inaudible] is Quechua or is-- ||ケチュア||

Quechua.

It is?

Quechua is an ancient language of Peru, predating the Spanish. |||||||先行する|| O quíchua é uma língua antiga do Peru, anterior aos espanhóis.

Wow, that's incredible.

This has happened so many times for so long Isto já aconteceu tantas vezes durante tanto tempo

that there's an ancient word. que existe uma palavra antiga.

It's something that's embedded in the memory. |||埋め込まれた||| É algo que está gravado na memória.

[inaudible]

[speaking spanish]

An avalanche. Uma avalanche.

This term, [inaudible],, is used to describe a combination

of water, mud, stone, debris. ||||escombros de água, lama, pedra, detritos.

Coming not from the ocean in the west, Não vem do oceano a oeste,

but from the east in the mountains behind the city. mas do leste, nas montanhas atrás da cidade. Ama doğudan, şehrin arkasındaki dağlardan.

Is it possible that the same type É possível que o mesmo tipo

of event happened to the Chimu?

If it did, then there must be some way Eğer öyleyse, o zaman bir yolu olmalı

of finding evidence that an El Nino

event happened in their time. O evento aconteceu no seu tempo.

And the answers may be up in those mountains. E as respostas podem estar naquelas montanhas.

[soft music] [yumuşak müzik]