LIBER PRIMVS XVI- XXIX |||twenty-nine BUCH 16-29 BOOK I XVI-XXIX LIVRE 16-29 LIBRO 16-29 BOEK 16-29 LIVRO 16-29 书 16-29

[16] Interim cotidie Caesar Haeduos frumentum, quod essent publice polliciti, flagitare. temporary|daily||Haedui|grain|||publicly|promised|to demand [16] In der Zwischenzeit beklagte Caesar jeden Tag die Kinder des Korns, das ihnen öffentlich versprochen worden war. Meanwhile, Caesar was demanding daily from the Haeduans the grain which they had publicly promised. Nam propter frigora [quod Gallia sub septentrionibus, ut ante dictum est, posita est,] non modo frumenta in agris matura non erant, sed ne pabuli quidem satis magna copia suppetebat; eo autem frumento quod flumine Arari navibus subvexerat propterea uti minus poterat quod iter ab Arari Helvetii averterant, a quibus discedere nolebat. ||cold|because|||north|||||located|||not only|grain|||ripe|||||fodder|indeed||large||was available|||grain|||||he had brought up||to use||||||||they had turned away|||to depart|did not want Denn wegen der Kälte [dass Gallien, wie bereits erwähnt, im Norden lag], war nicht nur das Korn auf den Feldern nicht reif, sondern es gab auch nicht einmal ausreichend Futter; aber er konnte weniger von dem Getreide verbrauchen, das er mit Schiffen den Fluss Arari hinuntergebracht hatte, weil die Helvetier sich von Arari abgewandt hatten, von dem er nicht weichen wollte. Because of the cold [since Gaul is located under the northern regions, as has been mentioned before], not only were the grains in the fields not ripe, but there was also not enough fodder available; moreover, the grain that had been brought by ships from the river Arar could not be used because the Helvetii had diverted the journey from the Arar, from which they did not want to depart. Diem ex die ducere Haedui: conferri, comportari, adesse dicere. |||to lead||be brought|bring together|be present| Haedui Tag für Tag führen: anwesend sein, sich benehmen, sagen, dass er anwesend ist. The Haedui are prolonging the day: they say that they are gathering, transporting, and that they are present. Ubi se diutius duci intellexit et diem instare quo die frumentum militibus metiri oporteret, convocatis eorum principibus, quorum magnam copiam in castris habebat, in his Diviciaco et Lisco, qui summo magistratui praeerat, quem __vergobretum__ appellant Haedui, qui creatur annuus et vitae necisque in suos habet potestatem, graviter eos accusat, quod, cum neque emi neque ex agris sumi possit, tam necessario tempore, tam propinquis hostibus ab iis non sublevetur, praesertim cum magna ex parte eorum precibus adductus bellum susceperit; multo etiam gravius quod sit destitutus queritur. ||longer|to be led||||approach|at which||||to measure|it ought|having been summoned||the leaders|||supply||||||Diviciacus||Lisco||highest|magistrate|magistratui praeerat||governor|they call||who|is created|annual||life|and of life|in the context||he had|power of life|seriously|end of story|accuses them|that|||buy||||taken|||necessary|||nearby|the enemies|||not|be relieved|especially||||||prayers|led, influenced, drawn||undertaken war|much more||||is|been abandoned|he complains When he understood that he was being delayed for a long time and that the day was approaching when the grain should be measured for the soldiers, he called together their leaders, of whom he had a large number in the camp, among these Diviciacus and Liscus, who were in charge of the highest magistracy, whom the Haedui call vergobretum, who is elected annually and has power over life and death over his own people, he severely accuses them, because, since it is not possible to buy or take from the fields, at such a necessary time, and with enemies so near, they are not being helped by them, especially since he had taken up war, urged by their prayers; he complains even more seriously that he has been abandoned.

[17] Tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus quod antea tacuerat proponit: esse non nullos, quorum auctoritas apud plebem plurimum valeat, qui privatim plus possint quam ipsi magistratus. then|at last|a certain person|speech|of Caesar|brought forward|that|before|had remained silent|proposes|to be||some|of whom|authority||the people||be powerful|who|in private|more than|could do|||magistrates Then at last Liscus, prompted by Caesar's speech, brings forward what he had previously kept silent: there are certain individuals whose authority holds great weight with the common people, who can accomplish more privately than the magistrates themselves. Hos seditiosa atque improba oratione multitudinem deterrere, ne frumentum conferant quod debeant: praestare, si iam principatum Galliae obtinere non possint, Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre, neque dubitare [debeant] quin, si Helvetios superaverint Romani, una cum reliqua Gallia Haeduis libertatem sint erepturi. Hosea 1|seditious||wicked|||deter, discourage|not||bring grain||should|provide|if||leadership|Gaul|hold|||Gauls||of the Romans|empires|to endure||doubt|they should|that they should|||they overcome||||the rest of|||freedom||become free With this seditious and wicked speech, to deter the multitude from contributing grain which they owe: to prepare, if they can no longer hold the chief position in Gaul, to endure the power of the Gauls rather than the Romans, nor should they doubt that if the Romans defeat the Helvetii, they will together with the rest of Gaul seize liberty from the Aedui. Ab isdem nostra consilia quaeque in castris gerantur hostibus enuntiari; hos a se coerceri non posse. |the same||plans|each thing|||are being carried out|to the enemies|announce|these|||to be restrained|| That our plans are reported to the enemies by those who are in the camps; that they cannot be restrained by him. Quin etiam, quod necessariam rem coactus Caesari enuntiarit, intellegere sese quanto id cum periculo fecerit, et ob eam causam quam diu potuerit tacuisse. but also||that|necessary matter||forced||had announced|understand|himself|how much||||he has done|and||||||could|to remain silent Moreover, because he was compelled to report something necessary to Caesar, he understood how great a danger he had incurred by doing so, and for this reason he had remained silent for as long as he could.

[18] Caesar hac oratione Lisci Dumnorigem, Diviciaci fratrem, designari sentiebat, sed, quod pluribus praesentibus eas res iactari nolebat, celeriter concilium dimittit, Liscum retinet. Caesar|||Liscus|Dumnorix||brother|be designated|was sensing|||more than one|present|||to be discussed|did not want|quickly|council|dismiss|Liscus|retains [18] Caesar noticed that in this speech Liscus was indicating Dumnorix, the brother of Diviciacus, but because he did not want such matters to be discussed in front of many others, he quickly dismisses the assembly, keeping Liscus. Quaerit ex solo ea quae in conventu dixerat. ||the ground||||meeting|had said He inquires only of what he had said in the meeting. Dicit liberius atque audacius. speak|more freely||more boldly He speaks more freely and boldly. Eadem secreto ab aliis quaerit; reperit esse vera: ipsum esse Dumnorigem, summa audacia, magna apud plebem propter liberalitatem gratia, cupidum rerum novarum. the same|secret|from|others||finds||true|himself||Dumnorix|greatest|boldness|great||||generosity|favor, grace, esteem|eager for change||new things He seeks the same in secret from others; he finds it to be true: that he is Dumnorix himself, of the highest audacity, held in great favor among the common people due to his generosity, eager for change. Complures annos portoria reliquaque omnia Haeduorum vectigalia parvo pretio redempta habere, propterea quod illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo. Several||taxes|and other|||taxes|small price|price|redeemed||||that|license|against|license|dare|no one For several years, the tolls and all other taxes of the Aedui have been bought at a low price, because with that man in charge, no one dares to act against permission. His rebus et suam rem familiarem auxisse et facultates ad largiendum magnas comparasse; magnum numerum equitatus suo sumptu semper alere et circum se habere, neque solum domi, sed etiam apud finitimas civitates largiter posse, atque huius potentiae causa matrem in Biturigibus homini illic nobilissimo ac potentissimo conlocasse; ipsum ex Helvetiis uxorem habere, sororum ex matre et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates conlocasse. ||||thing|family|to increase|and|resources||to distribute|large|gathered resources|||cavalry||expense|always|to support||around|||||at home||||neighboring||generously|||this|power influence resources||mother||in the Bituriges|man person|there|noble man||most powerful|married off||||wife||sisters||mother's||relatives||marriage||other||married By these means, he increased his family wealth and gathered great resources for generosity; he always maintained a large number of cavalry at his own expense and had them around him, and could generously provide not only at home but also among the neighboring cities, and for this power he arranged for his mother to be married to a very noble and powerful man among the Bituriges; he himself had a wife from the Helvetii, and he married his mother's sisters and female relatives to other cities. Favere et cupere Helvetiis propter eam adfinitatem, odisse etiam suo nomine Caesarem et Romanos, quod eorum adventu potentia eius deminuta et Diviciacus frater in antiquum locum gratiae atque honoris sit restitutus. to favor||want||||kinship|hate|||name|||the Romans||||power||diminished||Diviciacus|brother||ancient position||grace||honor|may be|restored to He favors and desires the Helvetii because of this connection, and he even hates Caesar and the Romans in his own name, because with their arrival, his power has diminished, and his brother Diviciacus has been restored to his former place of favor and honor. Si quid accidat Romanis, summam in spem per Helvetios regni obtinendi venire; imperio populi Romani non modo de regno, sed etiam de ea quam habeat gratia desperare. ||happens||the highest||hope||||obtaining kingdom||command|||||||||||that|he has||despair Wenn den Römern etwas zustoßen sollte, dann in der Hoffnung, durch die Helvetier das Königreich zu erlangen; Unter der Herrschaft des römischen Volkes verzweifelte er nicht nur am Königreich, sondern auch an der Gnade, die er besaß. If anything should happen to the Romans, there would be great hope of obtaining power through the Helvetii; regarding the Roman people, one should despair not only of the kingdom but also of the favor they possess. Reperiebat etiam in quaerendo Caesar, quod proelium equestre adversum paucis ante diebus esset factum, initium eius fugae factum a Dumnorige atque eius equitibus (nam equitatui, quem auxilio Caesari Haedui miserant, Dumnorix praeerat): eorum fuga reliquum esse equitatum perterritum. was discovering|||in searching||||cavalry battle|against|few days|before|||having been fought|||of flight|made||Dumnorix|||||cavalry||to aid|||had sent|Dumnorix|||flight|the remainder||cavalry|terrified Als er Caesar durchsuchte, entdeckte er auch, dass einige Tage zuvor eine Kavallerieschlacht gegen ihn stattgefunden hatte und dass Dumnorix und seine Reiter den Anfang seiner Flucht gemacht hatten (denn Dumnorix hatte das Kommando über die Kavallerie, die sie geschickt hatten). zur Hilfe von Caesar Haedus): Der Rest der Kavallerie sei durch ihre Flucht in Angst und Schrecken versetzt worden. Caesar also discovered in his inquiries that a cavalry battle had occurred a few days before, the beginning of that flight having been caused by Dumnorix and his horsemen (for Dumnorix was in command of the cavalry which had been sent as aid to Caesar by the Haedui): their flight left the remainder of the cavalry terrified.

[19] Quibus rebus cognitis, cum ad has suspiciones certissimae res accederent, quod per fines Sequanorum Helvetios traduxisset, quod obsides inter eos dandos curasset, quod ea omnia non modo iniussu suo et civitatis sed etiam inscientibus ipsis fecisset, quod a magistratu Haeduorum accusaretur, satis esse causae arbitrabatur quare in eum aut ipse animadverteret aut civitatem animadvertere iuberet. |these things|having been learned|||these|suspicions|most certain||were approaching|||borders|||would have crossed||hostages|||giving|he had arranged||||||without his order||||||ignorant||he had done|that||magistrate of the Haedui||was accused||||he was thinking||||||he would notice||the state|punish|order [19] When these things became known, since the most reliable evidence added to these suspicions – that he had led the Helvetii through the territory of the Sequani, that he had taken care to give hostages among them, that he had done all these things not only without his own permission and that of the state but also without the knowledge of the very people, and that he was being accused by the magistrates of the Haedui – he believed that there was enough cause for him to either take action himself against him or to order the state to take action. His omnibus rebus unum repugnabat, quod Diviciaci fratris summum in populum Romanum studium, summum in se voluntatem, egregiam fidem, iustitiam, temperantiam cognoverat; nam ne eius supplicio Diviciaci animum offenderet verebatur. ||||was resisting|because|Diviciacus||highest||||zeal||||will|outstanding faith||justice|temperance|he had known||||punishment||spirit|would offend|feared In all these matters, one thing was opposed, which was that he had recognized Diviciacus' utmost enthusiasm for the Roman people, his utmost goodwill towards himself, his remarkable fidelity, justice, and self-restraint; for he was afraid that he would offend Diviciacus' spirit with his punishment. Itaque prius quam quicquam conaretur, Diviciacum ad se vocari iubet et, cotidianis interpretibus remotis, per C. Valerium Troucillum, principem Galliae provinciae, familiarem suum, cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat, cum eo conloquitur; simul commonefacit quae ipso praesente in concilio [Gallorum] de Dumnorige sint dicta, et ostendit quae separatim quisque de eo apud se dixerit. |before||anything|he might attempt|Diviciacus|||to be summoned|orders||daily|interpreters|removed||Caius|Valerius|Troucillus||Gaul||||to whom||||trustworthiness of all things||||he converses|at the same time|reminds||he|present||council|of the Gauls|||be|said||shows||separately|each one|||||has said Therefore, before he attempted anything, he ordered Diviciacus to be summoned to him and, with the daily interpreters removed, he conversed with him through Gaius Valerius Troucillus, a leader of the province of Gaul, his close friend, in whom he had great trust regarding all matters; at the same time, he reminded him of what had been said in the council of the Gauls about Dumnorix in his presence, and he showed what each person had separately said about him with regard to himself. Petit atque hortatur ut sine eius offensione animi vel ipse de eo causa cognita statuat vel civitatem statuere iubeat. he seeks||encourages||||offense of mind|of the mind||||||known|may decide|||to decide|let him order He asks and urges that, without offending him in spirit, he either decides himself on the matter or commands the state to make a decision.

[20] Diviciacus multis cum lacrimis Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret: scire se illa esse vera, nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere, propterea quod, cum ipse gratia plurimum domi atque in reliqua Gallia, ille minimum propter adulescentiam posset, per se crevisset; quibus opibus ac nervis non solum ad minuendam gratiam, sed paene ad perniciem suam uteretur. Diviciacus|many||with tears|||began to beseech|began to beseech|||more serious||brother|"decide upon"|to know|know|those things||true|nor|anyone||||||pain|take|||||grace|||||remaining||he|least|on account of|youth|he could|||had grown||resources||resources strength||||reduce|favor influence||almost to||destruction||he would use [20] Diviciacus fing unter vielen Tränen an, Cäsar zu bitten, seinem Bruder nichts Schlimmeres aufzudrängen, zu wissen, dass es wahr sei, und niemanden von ihm mehr als sich selbst zu nehmen, aus dem Grund, weil er selbst genoss in seiner Heimat und im übrigen Gallien große Gunst, vor allem deshalb, weil er in seiner Jugend hätte aufwachsen können; welche Ressourcen und Nerven er nutzte, um nicht nur seine Gnade zu schmälern, sondern fast bis zu seinem Untergang. Diviciacus, with many tears, began to embrace Caesar and beseech him not to decide anything more serious against his brother: he knew that these things were true, nor could anyone feel more pain from them than he could, because, while he himself had very much favor at home and in the rest of Gaul, his brother, due to his youth, could have the least, and he had grown through his own resources. With these means and strengths, he would not only use them to diminish his own favor but almost to his own destruction. Sese tamen et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi commoveri. himself|||brotherly love|brotherly||reputation|the common people|to be moved Er war jedoch sowohl von der brüderlichen Liebe als auch von der Wertschätzung des Volkes bewegt. He was, however, moved both by brotherly love and by the opinion of the common people. Quod si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, cum ipse eum locum amicitiae apud eum teneret, neminem existimaturum non sua voluntate factum; qua ex re futurum uti totius Galliae animi a se averterentur. Because||||||more seriously|had happened||||place|friendship||||no one|to be expected|not||will||||||that|||spirits|||they would be turned away Aber wenn ihm seit Caesar etwas Schlimmeres widerfahren wäre, als er selbst diese freundschaftliche Stellung mit ihm innehatte, würde niemand denken, dass es nicht aus eigenem Willen geschehen sei. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache wandten sich die Gedanken ganz Galliens von ihm ab. But if something more serious had happened to him from Caesar, since he held that position of friendship with him, no one would think that it was not done with his own consent; from this it would follow that the minds of all Gaul would be turned away from him. Haec cum pluribus verbis flens a Caesare peteret, Caesar eius dextram prendit; consolatus rogat finem orandi faciat; tanti eius apud se gratiam esse ostendit uti et rei publicae iniuriam et suum dolorem eius voluntati ac precibus condonet. this|||words|weeping|||sought|Caesar||right hand|takes|comforted|he asks|the end|praying|he should make|of such importance||||||shows|||the republic|public affairs|injury|||pain||will|||forgive Als er Cäsar darum bat und mit vielen Worten weinte, ergriff Cäsar seine rechte Hand; getröstet bittet er ihn, mit dem Beten aufzuhören; Er zeigt, dass er so große Gunst bei sich hat, und verzeiht das Unrecht des Staates und seinen Schmerz nach seinem Willen und durch seine Gebete. When he was pleading with Caesar for this with many words, weeping, Caesar took his right hand; having consoled him, he asks him to bring his speech to a close; he shows how great his favor is with him, so that he grants both the injury to the republic and his own sorrow to his wishes and prayers. Dumnorigem ad se vocat, fratrem adhibet; quae in eo reprehendat ostendit; quae ipse intellegat, quae civitas queratur proponit; monet ut in reliquum tempus omnes suspiciones vitet; praeterita se Diviciaco fratri condonare dicit. Dumnorix||||brother|he includes|||in that|he/she/it criticizes|shows|which||he may understand|||complain|he proposes|advises|||remaining|time|||avoid|past||||forgive| Er ruft Dumnorig zu sich und beschäftigt seinen Bruder; Er zeigt, woran er etwas auszusetzen hat; was er selbst versteht, worüber sich die Stadt beschwert, schlägt vor; rät ihm, für den Rest der Zeit jeglichen Verdacht zu vermeiden; Er sagt, dass er seinem Bruder Diviciacus die Vergangenheit verzeiht. He calls Dumnorix to himself and involves his brother; he shows what he finds fault with in him; he presents what he understands, what the state complains of; he warns him to avoid all suspicions for the future; he says that he pardons his brother Diviciacus for the past. Dumnorigi custodes ponit, ut quae agat, quibuscum loquatur scire possit. to Dumnorix|guards|places|||acts||he speaks|to know| Dumnorigi stellt Wachen auf, damit er weiß, was er tut und mit wem er spricht. Dumnorigi places guards so that he can know what he is doing and with whom he is talking.

[21] Eodem die ab exploratoribus certior factus hostes sub monte consedisse milia passuum ab ipsius castris octo, qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus qui cognoscerent misit. |||explorers|informed||the enemy|||camped||of steps||his|||what|||of the mountain||||surroundings|ascent||would recognize| [21] Am selben Tag wurde er von Spähern darüber informiert, dass der Feind acht Meilen von seinem eigenen Lager entfernt unter einem Berg sein Lager aufgeschlagen hatte. On the same day, having been informed by scouts that the enemies had encamped eight miles from his camp under the mountain, he sent those who could know what the nature of the mountain was and what the ascent was like in the surrounding area. Renuntiatum est facilem esse. It has been reported||easy|to be It has been reported that it is easy. De tertia vigilia T. Labienum, legatum pro praetore, cum duabus legionibus et iis ducibus qui iter cognoverant summum iugum montis ascendere iubet; quid sui consilii sit ostendit. ||watch|he|Labienus|legate||as proconsul||two|legions|||the leaders|||they had known||summit of the||to ascend|commands||of his plan|of his plan||he shows At the third watch, he orders T. Labienus, the legate for the propraetor, to ascend the highest ridge of the mountain with two legions and those leaders who knew the way; he shows what his plan is. Ipse de quarta vigilia eodem itinere quo hostes ierant ad eos contendit equitatumque omnem ante se mittit. ||fourth|||journey|||had gone|||he hastens|cavalry|all|||he sends He himself, at the fourth watch, hastens toward them by the same route that the enemies had taken and sends all the cavalry ahead of him. P. Considius, qui rei militaris peritissimus habebatur et in exercitu L. Sullae et postea in M. Crassi fuerat, cum exploratoribus praemittitur. |Considius|||military|most skilled|was held||||of Sulla|Sulla||afterwards|||Crassus||||is sent ahead P. Considius, who was considered very skilled in military affairs and had served in the army of L. Sulla and later in that of M. Crassus, is sent ahead with the scouts.

[22] Prima luce, cum summus mons a [Lucio] Labieno teneretur, ipse ab hostium castris non longius mille et quingentis passibus abesset neque, ut postea ex captivis comperit, aut ipsius adventus aut Labieni cognitus esset, Considius equo admisso ad eum accurrit, dicit montem, quem a Labieno occupari voluerit, ab hostibus teneri: id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse. First|first light||highest|||Lucius|Labienus|was held|||the enemies|||more than|one thousand|||paces|be away|||afterwards||the captives|learned||of him|arrival||Labienus|known||Considius|horse|with the horse allowed|||he ran to|says|mount|||Labienus|occupy|he would have wanted|by||held||||Gallic|||emblems|recognized it [22] At dawn, when the highest mountain was held by [Lucius] Labienus, he himself was no further than one thousand five hundred paces from the enemy camp and, as he later learned from the captives, neither the arrival of himself nor that of Labienus was known. Considius, urging his horse, runs to him and says that the mountain, which Labienus wanted to occupy, is being held by the enemies: he recognized this from Gallic arms and insignia. Caesar suas copias in proximum collem subducit, aciem instruit. Caesar||troops|||hill|withdraws|battle line|instructs Caesar withdraws his troops to the nearest hill and organizes the line of battle. Labienus, ut erat ei praeceptum a Caesare ne proelium committeret, nisi ipsius copiae prope hostium castra visae essent, ut undique uno tempore in hostes impetus fieret, monte occupato nostros expectabat proelioque abstinebat. Labienus||||command|||||engage in battle|unless||troops|near|enemy||seen||||||||attack||mount|occupied||waited for|battle|withheld from battle Labienus, as it had been commanded to him by Caesar not to engage in battle unless his troops had been seen near the enemy's camp, was waiting for our men to occupy the mountain and was refraining from battle so that an attack could be made against the enemy from all sides at the same time. Multo denique die per exploratores Caesar cognovit et montem a suis teneri et Helvetios castra, movisse et Considium timore perterritum quod non vidisset pro viso sibi renuntiavisse. |at last|||||he learned||mount|||||||to have moved||Considium|fear|terrified|that|not|he had seen|for|having been seen||to have reported Finally, on that day, Caesar learned through scouts that the mountain was held by his men and the Helvetii had moved their camp, and Considius, terrified by fear, reported to him that he had not seen what he thought he had seen. Eo die quo consuerat intervallo hostes sequitur et milia passuum tria ab eorum castris castra ponit. To|||he had accustomed|interval||he follows||||three miles|from|||| On the day he had arranged, he followed the enemies with an interval and set up camp three miles from their camp.

[23] Postridie eius diei, quod omnino biduum supererat, cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret, et quod a Bibracte, oppido Haeduorum longe maximo et copiosissimo, non amplius milibus passuum XVIII aberat, rei frumentariae prospiciendum existimavit; itaque iter ab Helvetiis avertit ac Bibracte ire contendit. the next day||of that day|||two days|remained||army||measure grain|||that||Bibracte||||largest and most abundant||abundant and rich|not|no more than|||eighteen|was distant||grain supply|to provide for|he thought|therefore||||averted||Bibracte (2)||he hastened The next day, which was the second day in total, since it was necessary for the army to measure grain, and since it was no more than eighteen miles away from Bibracte, the town of the Aeduans, which was the largest and most plentiful, he thought it necessary to take care of the grain supply; therefore, he turned the march away from the Helvetii and hurried to go to Bibracte. Ea res per fugitivos L. Aemilii, decurionis equitum Gallorum, hostibus nuntiatur. |||fugitives||L Aemilius|decurion of cavalry|||enemies|announced This matter is reported to the enemies by the fugitives of L. Aemilius, a decurion of the Gallic cavalry. Helvetii, seu quod timore perterritos Romanos discedere a se existimarent, eo magis quod pridie superioribus locis occupatis proelium non commisissent, sive eo quod re frumentaria intercludi posse confiderent, commutato consilio atque itinere converso nostros a novissimo agmine insequi ac lacessere coeperunt. |or|||terrified||depart|||they thought||all the more|that|the day before||||||engaged in battle|or|to that place|||grain|to be blocked|could be blocked|trust|changed||||turned||||the rear guard|follow and attack|||they began The Helvetii, either because they thought that the Romans were frightened and would depart from them, especially since the day before they had not engaged in battle after having occupied the higher ground, or because they believed that they could be cut off from supplies, began to pursue and challenge our men, having changed their plan and turned their route.

[24] Postquam id animum advertit, copias suas Caesar in proximum collem subduxit equitatumque, qui sustineret hostium impetum, misit. After||mind|noticed|troops||Caesar||next|hill|withdrew|and the cavalry|who|sustain|of the enemies|attack| [24] After he noticed this, Caesar withdrew his troops to the nearest hill and sent cavalry to withstand the attack of the enemy. Ipse interim in colle medio triplicem aciem instruxit legionum quattuor veteranarum; in summo iugo duas legiones quas in Gallia citeriore proxime conscripserat et omnia auxilia conlocavit, ita ut supra se totum montem hominibus compleret; impedimenta sarcinasque in unum locum conferri et eum ab iis qui in superiore acie constiterant muniri iussit. he|meanwhile|on|hill|middle|triple|battle line|arranged|of the legions|four|veteran legions|on||ridge|two|||in|Gaul|nearer|most recently|he had enlisted||all|reinforcements|deployed|||above|he|the whole|mountain|men|filled|baggage|baggage|in|||be gathered|||||||upper|battle line|had halted|fortify|he ordered He himself meanwhile organized a threefold battle line of four veteran legions on the middle hill; he placed two legions, which he had recently recruited in Gallia Citerior, and all the auxiliaries on the summit of the ridge, so as to fill the entire mountain with men above him; he ordered the baggage and supplies to be gathered in one place and to have that place fortified by those who had taken their stand in the higher battle line. Helvetii cum omnibus suis carris secuti impedimenta in unum locum contulerunt; ipsi confertissima acie, reiecto nostro equitatu, phalange facta sub primam nostram aciem successerunt. the Helvetii||all||wagons|followed|baggage||||they brought||most densely|battle line|having been rejected|our||phalanx|having been made||the front of|||succeeded The Helvetii gathered their entire baggage into one place; they themselves, in a very dense battle line, having pushed back our cavalry, advanced in formation under our front line.

[25] Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, ut aequato omnium periculo spem fugae tolleret, cohortatus suos proelium commisit. Caesar||his|then|||sight|with the horses removed|||equal||||flee|he might raise|having encouraged|||engaged First, Caesar had his own horses removed from view, and then all the others, so that he could remove the hope of flight from everyone by equalizing the danger; he encouraged his men and engaged in battle. Milites loco superiore pilis missis facile hostium phalangem perfregerunt. |||spears|sent|||phalanx|broke through The soldiers, having thrown their javelins from a higher position, easily broke the phalanx of the enemy. Ea disiecta gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt. |scattered|swords|drawn||||they made With them scattered, they attacked with drawn swords. Gallis magno ad pugnam erat impedimento quod pluribus eorum scutis uno ictu pilorum transfixis et conligatis, cum ferrum se inflexisset, neque evellere neque sinistra impedita satis commode pugnare poterant, multi ut diu iactato bracchio praeoptarent scutum manu emittere et nudo corpore pugnare. the Gauls|||battle||obstacle||||shields||strike|of the javelins|pierced through||bound together||iron||had bent||to pull out||the left side|blocked|sufficiently|sufficiently easily|to fight||many||for a long time|throwing|arm|preferred to|shields|by hand|throw away||naked|body| Die Gallier hatten ein großes Hindernis für den Kampf, da viele ihrer Schilde mit einem einzigen Haarschlag durchbohrt und gebunden waren und sie das Eisen, als es sich verbogen hatte, weder herausziehen noch bequem genug kämpfen konnten, obwohl ihre linke Hand behindert war. The Gauls were greatly hindered in battle because many of their shields had been pierced and entangled by a single throw of spears, and when the iron bent, they could neither pull out the spears nor fight comfortably enough with their left side hindered; many preferred, after a long time swinging their arms, to throw away their shield and fight with their bodies bare. Tandem vulneribus defessi et pedem referre et, quod mons suberit circiter mille passuum spatio, eo se recipere coeperunt. at last|wounds|weary||foot|to retreat||||sinks down|approximately|||in space|||to retreat|they began Finally, weary from wounds and pulling back their foot, since the mountain lay under a stretch of about a thousand paces, they began to retreat there. Capto monte et succedentibus nostris, Boi et Tulingi, qui hominum milibus circiter XV agmen hostium claudebant et novissimis praesidio erant, ex itinere nostros ab latere aperto adgressi circumvenire, et id conspicati Helvetii, qui in montem sese receperant, rursus instare et proelium redintegrare coeperunt. I capture|||succeeding||Boi||Tulingi||of men|thousands||fifteen|the column||were blocking||the rear|the rear guard|were|||||side|open|attacked|surround|and||having caught sight of||||||retreated to|again|press on|||rejoin the battle| Nachdem sie den Berg erobert hatten und unsere Nachfolge antraten, kamen die Boi und Tulingi, die mit etwa fünfzehntausend Mann die feindliche Linie schlossen und die letzte Wache waren, von der Straße, um unsere von der offenen Seite her zu umzingeln, und als die Helvetier dies sahen, hatten sie sich zurückgezogen zum Berg, begann erneut vorzudringen und den Kampf zu erneuern. Taking the mountain and our advancing forces, the Boi and Tulingi, who were surrounding the enemy's column with about 15,000 men and were providing the rear guard, attacked our troops from the open flank while they were on the march, and this being noticed by the Helvetii, who had retreated to the mountain, they began to press on again and to renew the battle. Romani conversa signa bipertito intulerunt: prima et secunda acies, ut victis ac submotis resisteret, tertia, ut venientes sustineret. Roman|they brought in||twice divided|brought|||second|line of battle||the defeated||removed|would resist|||the incoming|withstand The Romans brought the divided signals: the first and second lines, in order to resist the defeated and the driven away, the third, in order to support those arriving.

[26] Ita ancipiti proelio diu atque acriter pugnatum est. |double-edged||||fiercely|fought| Thus there was a fierce and prolonged battle. Diutius cum sustinere nostrorum impetus non possent, alteri se, ut coeperant, in montem receperunt, alteri ad impedimenta et carros suos se contulerunt. ||sustain|||||the other|||they had begun|||they retreated|||baggage||carts||| When they could no longer withstand the attacks of our men, some withdrew to the mountain as they had begun, others took themselves to their wagons and impediments. Nam hoc toto proelio, cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit, aversum hostem videre nemo potuit. |this|the whole battle|||||seventh||||has been|turned away||||could For during this entire battle, since fighting took place from the seventh hour until evening, no one was able to see the enemy in retreat. Ad multam noctem etiam ad impedimenta pugnatum est, propterea quod pro vallo carros obiecerunt et e loco superiore in nostros venientes tela coiciebant et non nulli inter carros rotasque mataras ac tragulas subiciebant nostrosque vulnerabant. To||night|also||baggage|||therefore|||wall|carts|they threw up|||||||coming (toward us)|spears|threw|||not any||carts|and wheels|mattresses||traps|were thrown under|our|wounded Until late at night, fighting also took place at the obstacles, because they had thrown carts against the rampart and were hurling missiles from a higher position towards our men, and some were placing spears and tridents among the carts and wounding our men. Diu cum esset pugnatum, impedimentis castrisque nostri potiti sunt. |||fighting had been|baggage|camps||having gained| After a long time of fighting, our forces gained control of the baggage and the camps. Ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est. |of Orgetorix||||||captured| There, the daughter of Orgetorix and one of his sons was captured. Ex eo proelio circiter hominum milia CXXX superfuerunt eaque tota nocte continenter ierunt [nullam partem noctis itinere intermisso]; in fines Lingonum die quarto pervenerunt, cum et propter vulnera militum et propter sepulturam occisorum nostri [triduum morati] eos sequi non potuissent. from||||||130|survived|and they|the whole|night|continuously marched|went|no part||of the night||with no interruption|in||of the Lingones||fourth|they arrived||||wounds|of soldiers||on account of|burial of the dead|of the dead||three days|stayed three days||||they could not Around 130,000 men survived from that battle, and they marched continuously through the whole night [without interrupting their journey at any part of the night]; on the fourth day, they reached the territory of the Lingones, while our men, due to the wounds of the soldiers and the burial of the slain, [were delayed for three days] and could not pursue them. Caesar ad Lingonas litteras nuntiosque misit, ne eos frumento neve alia re iuvarent: qui si iuvissent, se eodem loco quo Helvetios habiturum. ||the Lingones|letters|messengers|he sent|||grain|nor them|other||helped them|||would have helped|himself|||||would have lived Caesar sent letters and messengers to the Lingones, so that they would not help them with grain or any other thing: if they had helped, he would have made his camp in the same place as the Helvetii. Ipse triduo intermisso cum omnibus copiis eos sequi coepit. |three days|having been interrupted|||||| Nach einer Pause von drei Tagen begann er, ihnen mit all seinen Kräften zu folgen. After a three-day delay, he began to follow them with all his troops.

[27] Helvetii omnium rerum inopia adducti legatos de deditione ad eum miserunt. the Helvetii|||lack of resources||||surrender|||sent [27] Die Helvetier schickten, getrieben von der Not an allem, Gesandte zu ihm, um ihn zur Kapitulation aufzufordern. [27] The Helvetii, driven by a lack of all things, sent ambassadors to him regarding their surrender. Qui cum eum in itinere convenissent seque ad pedes proiecissent suppliciterque locuti flentes pacem petissent, atque eos in eo loco quo tum essent suum adventum expectare iussisset, paruerunt. |||||they had met|they fell||feet|they prostrated|humbly and pleadingly|spoken|weeping|peace|had asked for||||||||||arrival|wait for|had commanded|they obeyed When they had met him on the way, they threw themselves at his feet, and, speaking suppliantly, wept and begged for peace, and he ordered them to await his coming in the place where they were. Eo postquam Caesar pervenit, obsides, arma, servos qui ad eos perfugissent, poposcit. |||||arms|slaves||||had fled|demanded After Caesar arrived, he demanded hostages, weapons, and slaves who had fled to them. Dum ea conquiruntur et conferuntur, [nocte intermissa] circiter hominum milia VI eius pagi qui Verbigenus appellatur, sive timore perterriti, ne armis traditis supplicio adficerentur, sive spe salutis inducti, quod in tanta multitudine dediticiorum suam fugam aut occultari aut omnino ignorari posse existimarent, prima nocte e castris Helvetiorum egressi ad Rhenum finesque Germanorum contenderunt. While||are gathered||are brought||interrupted|approximately|||six||village||Verbigenus|is called||fear|terrified|||given||would be subjected|or|hope of safety|of safety|induced|||so great||surrendered people||flight||to be hidden|||to be unknown||they would think||||||having gone out|||and borders|of the Germans|contended While they were being conquered and compared, approximately six thousand people of that village, which is called Verbigenus, either terrified by fear, lest they be subjected to punishment after laying down their arms, or led by hope of safety, thinking that in such a large crowd of yielders they could either hide their flight or be entirely overlooked, on the first night withdrew from the camps of the Helvetii and made for the Rhine and the territories of the Germans.

[28] Quod ubi Caesar resciit, quorum per fines ierant his uti conquirerent et reducerent, si sibi purgati esse vellent, imperavit; reductos in hostium numero habuit; reliquos omnes obsidibus, armis, perfugis traditis in deditionem accepit. |||learned||||had gone|||they should gather||reduce|if||purged|||he ordered|reduced||||he had|||hostages||deserters|||surrender|received in surrender [28] Als Caesar hörte, dass diejenigen, die ihre Grenzen überschritten hatten, versuchen sollten, sie auszunutzen und zurückzubringen, wenn sie gereinigt werden wollten, befahl er; Er hatte die Rückzugskräfte in der Zahl des Feindes; Er nahm alle anderen zur Kapitulation auf und übergab sie als Geiseln, Waffen und Flüchtlinge. When Caesar learned this, he commanded that they use those who had gone through their territories to gather and bring back the others, if they wanted to be cleared of blame; he regarded those who were brought back as enemies; all the rest he accepted into surrender, having given hostages, arms, and defectors. Helvetios, Tulingos, Latobrigos in fines suos, unde erant profecti, reverti iussit, et, quod omnibus frugibus amissis domi nihil erat quo famem tolerarent, Allobrogibus imperavit ut iis frumenti copiam facerent; ipsos oppida vicosque, quos incenderant, restituere iussit. |Tulingus|Latobrigi||||from where||having set out|return|||||fruits|having been lost|||||hunger|tolerate|Allobroges||||grain|supply of grain|they should make|||villages||they had burned|restore| He ordered the Helvetii, Tulingi, and Latobrigi to return to their territories, from where they had set out, and because there was nothing at home to bear the hunger after all the crops had been lost, he commanded the Allobroges to provide them with a supply of grain; he also ordered them to restore the towns and villages which they had burned. Id ea maxime ratione fecit, quod noluit eum locum unde Helvetii discesserant vacare, ne propter bonitatem agrorum Germani, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, ex suis finibus in Helvetiorum fines transirent et finitimi Galliae provinciae Allobrogibusque essent. |||reason|||he did not want||place|from which||had departed|to be empty|in order that not||quality of|of the fields|Germans|||||||||||||neighbors of||of the province|Allobroges| He did this mainly for the reason that he did not want that place, from which the Helvetii had departed, to be vacant, lest because of the fertility of the lands the Germans, who inhabit beyond the Rhine, should cross from their territories into the territories of the Helvetii and become neighbors to the province of Gaul and the Allobroges. Boios petentibus Haeduis, quod egregia virtute erant cogniti, ut in finibus suis conlocarent, concessit; quibus illi agros dederunt quosque postea in parem iuris libertatisque condicionem atque ipsi erant receperunt. Boii|to the Boii|||outstanding|||known|||boundaries||place|he granted|to whom|to them|fields|gave fields|which|||equal|of law|liberty|condition||||they received Er überließ die Ochsen den Haeduern, die für ihre hervorragende Tapferkeit bekannt waren, und forderte sie auf, sich in ihren Grenzen niederzulassen. Wem gaben sie Ländereien, die sie später unter der Bedingung gleicher Rechte und Freiheiten erhielten, und sie waren sie selbst. The Boii, known for their remarkable bravery, were granted permission by the Haedui to settle in their territories; they gave them lands which they later received under the same condition of legal and personal freedom as they themselves possessed.

[29] In castris Helvetiorum tabulae repertae sunt litteris Graecis confectae et ad Caesarem relatae, quibus in tabulis nominatim ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset eorum qui arma ferre possent, et item separatim, quot pueri, senes mulieresque. |||the tablets|found||letters|Greek|prepared|||Caesar|reported to|||tables|specifically|number|compiled|||number||had gone out|||weapons|bear arms||||separately|which|of the boys|old men|and women [29] Im Lager der Helvetier wurden in griechischen Buchstaben geschriebene Tafeln gefunden, die Caesar gemeldet wurden und auf denen die Zahl der aus dem Haus gegangenen, die Waffen tragen konnten, namentlich und auch einzeln aufgeführt wurde , die Zahl der Kinder, alten Männer und Frauen. In the camp of the Helvetii, tablets were found written in Greek letters and reported to Caesar, in which the number was expressly noted of those who had set out from home and were able to bear arms, as well as separately, how many boys, old men, and women there were. [Quarum omnium rerum] summa erat capitum Helvetiorum milium CCLXIII, Tulingorum milium XXXVI, Latobrigorum XIIII, Rauracorum XXIII, Boiorum XXXII; ex his qui arma ferre possent ad milia nonaginta duo. |||total||heads|||263|of the Tulingi|thirty-six|thirty-six|Latobrigi|fourteen|Rauraci|twenty-three|Boii|32|from|of these||||could||thousands|ninety-two| [Von all diesen Dingen] betrug die Summe der Häupter der Helvetier 263.000, der Tulinger 36, der Latobrigi 14, der Rauracer 23, der Boier 32; Von denen, die Waffen tragen konnten, waren es 92.000. [The total of all these things] was the sum of 263,000 Helvetii, 36,000 Tulingii, 14,000 Latobrigi, 23,000 Rauraci, 32,000 Boii; of these, those who were able to bear arms amounted to 92,000. Summa omnium fuerunt ad milia CCCLXVIII. ||were|||three hundred sixty-eight Die Gesamtsumme betrug 368 Tausend. The total of all [these] was 368,000. Eorum qui domum redierunt censu habito, ut Caesar imperaverat, repertus est numerus milium C et X. ||home|returned|census|held|||had ordered|found|||||| Eine Zählung der Heimkehrer wurde durchgeführt, wie Caesar es angeordnet hatte, und die Zahl wurde auf 100.000 bzw. 10.000 geschätzt. Of those who returned home, a census was taken as Caesar had commanded, and the number found was 110,000.