Šta geni otkrivaju o ponašanju | Snežana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad - YouTube
||открывают||поведении|||TEDxНовиСад|
What|genes|reveal|about|behavior|Snežana|Smederevac|TEDxNoviSad|YouTube
Was Gene über Verhalten verraten | Snezana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad – YouTube
Lo que los genes revelan sobre el comportamiento | Snezana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad - YouTube
Cosa rivelano i geni sul comportamento | Snezana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad - YouTube
O que os genes revelam sobre o comportamento | Snezana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad - YouTube
Что гены говорят о поведении | Снежана Смедеревац | TEDxNoviSad – YouTube
Vad gener avslöjar om beteende | Snezana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad - YouTube
Genler davranış hakkında neler ortaya koyuyor | Snezana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad - YouTube
What genes reveal about behavior | Snežana Smederevac | TEDxNoviSad - YouTube
Transkript: Ivana Korom Lektor: Aleksandar Korom
|Ивана(1)||||
Transcript|Ivana|Korom|Lecturer|Aleksandar|Korom
Transcript: Ivana Korom Editor: Aleksandar Korom
Čemu služi nauka, da li ste se ikada zapitali?
What|serves|science|(particle for questions)|(particle for questions)|you (plural/formal)|reflexive pronoun|ever|wondered
Для чего нужна наука, задавались ли вы когда-нибудь вопросом?
What is the purpose of science, have you ever wondered?
Dugo se verovalo da će nauka da nam otkrije istinu.
For a long time|(reflexive particle)|was believed|that|will|science||to us|reveal|the truth
Долгое время считалось, что наука откроет нам истину.
For a long time, it was believed that science would reveal the truth to us.
Danas smo, međutim, najbliži verovanju da nam nauka pomaže da živimo bolje,
Today|we are|however|closest|belief|that|us|science|helps|to|live|better
Однако сегодня мы ближе всего к вере в то, что наука помогает нам жить лучше.
Today, however, we are closest to the belief that science helps us live better,
da živimo lakše, da putujemo lakše,
to|live|easier|to|travel|easier
жить легче, путешествовать легче,
to live easier, to travel easier,
da prenosimo informacije lakše, da sviramo lakše.
|||||играем|
to|transfer|information|easier|to|play|easier
легче передавать информацию, легче играть.
to transfer information easier, to play easier.
Dakle, u najmanju ruku, nauka,
|||в любом случае|
So|at|least|hand|science
Так что, по крайней мере, наука,
So, at the very least, science,
na razvoj medicine, tehnologije i drugih naučnih disciplina
||||||научных дисциплин|
on|development|medicine|technology|and|other|scientific|disciplines
развитию медицины, технологий и других научных дисциплин
in the development of medicine, technology, and other scientific disciplines
pomaže nam, u stvari, da popravimo kvalitet naših života.
helps|us|in|fact|to|improve|quality|our|lives
Фактически, это помогает нам улучшить качество нашей жизни.
helps us, in fact, to improve the quality of our lives.
U tom smislu, nauka se trudi
In|that|sense|science|itself|strives
В этом смысле наука пытается
In that sense, science strives
da pruži objašnjenja za različite vrste fenomena,
to|provide|explanations|for|different|types|phenomena
to provide explanations for various types of phenomena,
i na taj način pomogne u rešavanju brojnih problema
and|in|that|way|helps|in|solving|numerous|problems
and in this way help in solving numerous problems
sa kojima se ljudi suočavaju.
||||сталкиваются
with|which|reflexive pronoun|people|face
that people face.
Jedno od najvažnijih pitanja u današnjoj nauci
One|of|most important|questions|in|today's|science
One of the most important questions in today's science
je pitanje koje je oduvek mučilo čoveka, a to je objašnjenje ljudskog ponašanja.
||||||||||||поведения человека
is|question|which|has|always|troubled|man|and|that|is|explanation|human|behavior
is a question that has always troubled humanity, and that is the explanation of human behavior.
Ljudsko ponašanje je, kao što svi znamo, veoma složeno.
Human|behavior|is|as|that|everyone|know|very|complex
Human behavior is, as we all know, very complex.
I ne može se predvideti;
It|not|can|be|predicted
And it cannot be predicted;
niko od nas ne može da predvidi da li će neka osoba da se ubije
nobody|of|us|not|can|to|predict|to||||||herself/himself|kills
никто из нас не может предсказать, убьет ли человек себя
none of us can predict whether a person will commit suicide
u subotu ili nedelju u 18 ili 16 časova popodne.
on|Saturday|or|Sunday|at|or|o'clock|afternoon
on Saturday or Sunday at 6 or 4 PM.
Dakle, pitanje predikcije izlazi iz domena naučnog objašnjenja.
So|question|prediction|comes|from||scientific|explanation
So, the question of prediction goes beyond the domain of scientific explanation.
Ali, ono što nauka može da uradi,
But|that|what|science|can|to|do
But, what science can do,
to je da pruži objašnjenja za razloge ljudskog onašanja.
||||||||поведения
it|is|to|provide|explanations|for|reasons|human|behavior
это значит дать объяснения причинам человеческого поведения.
is to provide explanations for the reasons behind human behavior.
Razlozi ljudskog ponašanja mogu da budu različiti,
The reasons|human|behavior|can|to|be|different
The reasons for human behavior can vary,
ali mi pokušavamo da vidimo
but|we|are trying|to|see
but we try to see
zašto su neki ljudi optimistični, druželjubivi, puni energije,
why|are|some|people|optimistic|sociable|full|of energy
why are some people optimistic, sociable, full of energy,
a neki drugi ljudi mrzovoljni, nedruželjubivi ili agresivni.
||||угрюмые|||
and|some|other|people|grumpy|unsociable|or|aggressive
while others are grumpy, unsociable, or aggressive.
Nauka i naučna disciplina koja pokušava da pruži odgovor na ova pitanja
Science|and|scientific|discipline|which|tries|to|provide|answer|to|these|questions
The science and scientific discipline that tries to provide answers to these questions
zove se bihejvioralna genetika.
is called|reflexive pronoun|behavioral|genetics
is called behavioral genetics.
Ono što ćete sada videti
What|that|you will|now|see
Что ты увидишь сейчас
What you will see now
su - kao što možete da vidite - blizanci.
are|as|that|you can|to|see|twins
как видите, близнецы.
are - as you can see - twins.
To su blizanci koji su učestvovali u našim istraživanjima,
Those|are|twins|who|are|participated|in|our|research
These are twins who participated in our research,
samo deo njih.
only|part|of them
только часть из них.
just a part of them.
Zašto blizanci?
Why|twins
Why twins?
Blizanci nam pružaju osnovu
The Twins|to us|provide|foundation
Близнецы дают нам основу
Twins provide us with a basis
za jedini takozvani prirodni eksperiment.
for|only|so-called|natural|experiment
для единственного так называемого естественного эксперимента.
for the only so-called natural experiment.
Sad ćemo da vidimo kako to izgleda.
Now|we will|to|see|how|that|looks
Now we will see what that looks like.
Dakle, jednojajčani ili monozigotni blizanci
So|identical|or|monozygotic|twins
So, identical or monozygotic twins
dele 100 posto istih gena.
share|percent|same|genes
share 100 percent of the same genes.
To je nešto što nauka zna, što je do sada otkrila.
It|is|something|that|science|knows|what|has|until|now|discovered
This is something that science knows, what has been discovered so far.
Dvojajčani ili dizigotni blizanci dele 50 posto istih gena,
fraternal|or|dizygotic|twins|share|percent|same|genes
Dizygotic or fraternal twins share 50 percent of the same genes,
kao bilo koji drugi brat i sestra.
like|any|other|other|brother|and|sister
just like any other brother and sister.
Međutim, i jedni i drugi odrastaju u istim fazama razvoja porodice
However|and|one|and|the other|grow up|in|the same||of development|family
However, both grow up in the same stages of family development
gde se roditelji na isti način ponašaju i prema jednom i prema drugom detetu.
where|reflexive pronoun|parents|in|same|way|behave|and|towards|one|and|towards|second|child
where parents behave in the same way towards both children.
Stoga kažemo da oni dele 100 posto istu deljenu sredinu.
Therefore|we say|that|they|share|percent|the same|divided|environment
Therefore, we say that they share 100 percent of the same shared environment.
A ono što ne znamo,
And|that|what|not|we know
And what we do not know,
i što ostaje, u stvari, u tim našim matematičkim modelima,
and|what|remains|in|fact|in|those|our|mathematical|models
and what remains, in fact, in these our mathematical models,
pomoću kojih mi otkrivamo koji je udeo nasleđa,
by|which|we|discover|what|is|share|inheritance
with the help of which we discover what is the share of inheritance,
koji je udeo sredine u našem ponašanju,
what|is|share|environment|in|our|behavior
what is the share of the environment in our behavior,
ono što ostaje kao nepoznanica,
that|what|remains|as|unknown
what remains as an unknown,
to je uticaj nedeljene sredine,
it|is|influence|of the divided|environment
this is the influence of the shared environment,
to su ona iskustva koja svako od nas individualno prolazi,
those|are|those|experiences|which|each|of|us|individually|goes through
these are the experiences that each of us goes through individually,
nezavisno od porodičnih uslova.
independently|of|family|conditions
regardless of family conditions.
Iako ta iskustva mogu da se dešavaju i u samoj porodici
Although|those|experiences|can|to|reflexive pronoun|happen|and|in|the very|family
Although these experiences can also occur within the family
kao različit roditeljski tretman ili doživljaj tog tretmana.
|||||опыт||
as|different|parental|treatment|or|experience|that|treatment
as different parental treatment or the experience of that treatment.
Drugim rečima,
In other|words
In other words,
ovo su istraživanja koja su u prvi mah
this|are|research|which|are|in|first|moment
these are studies that initially
izazvala veliku pažnju naučne javnosti,
attracted|great|attention|scientific|public
attracted great attention from the scientific community,
jer se očekivalo da ćemo konačno da dobijemo odgovor
because|reflexive pronoun|was expected|that|we will|finally|to|receive|answer
as it was expected that we would finally get an answer
na pitanje razloga našeg ponašanja,
to|question|reason|our|behavior
to the question of the reasons for our behavior,
a taj odgovor je mogao da ide u pravcu da naši geni određuju našu sudbinu.
and|that|answer|was|could|to|go|in|direction|that|our|genes|determine|our|destiny
and that answer could go in the direction that our genes determine our fate.
Međutim, prvi rezultati pokazali su nešto što je daleko složenije.
However|first|results|showed|(auxiliary verb)|something|that|(auxiliary verb)|far|more complex
However, the first results showed something that is far more complex.
Prvi rezultati pokazali su
First|results|showed|(past tense auxiliary verb)
The first results showed
da naši geni određuju samo oko 50 posto našeg ponašanja,
that|our|genes|determine|only|about|percent|our|behavior
that our genes determine only about 50 percent of our behavior,
a da drugih 50 posto određuje sredina.
but|that|other|percent|determines|environment
while the other 50 percent is determined by the environment.
I to su upravo ona istraživanja kojima se mi bavimo,
I|those|are|just|those|research|which|ourselves|we|engage
And these are precisely the studies we are engaged in,
pokušavajući da otkrijemo koji su to uzroci našeg ponašanja
||||||причины||
trying|to|discover|what|are|those|causes|our|behavior
trying to uncover what the causes of our behavior are
i šta je to što doprinosi našem ponašanju,
and|what|is|that|which|contributes|our|behavior
and what contributes to our behavior,
u istraživanjima koja sprovodimo.
in|the research|that|we conduct
in the research we conduct.
Primer koji može da ilustruje ovaj odnos gena i sredine
Example|that|can|to|illustrate|this|relationship|gene|and|environment
An example that can illustrate this relationship between genes and environment
može da bude recimo fenomen koji je svima nama dobro poznat,
can|to|be|for example|phenomenon|that|is|to all|us|well|known
it can be, for example, a phenomenon that is well known to all of us,
a to je inteligencija.
|||интеллект
and|that|is|intelligence
and that is intelligence.
Ako imamo dete koje ima visoke intelektualne potencijale,
If|we have|child|that|has|high|intellectual|potentials
If we have a child with high intellectual potential,
onda je sredina svemoćna.
|||всемогущая
then|is|environment|all-powerful
then the environment is all-powerful.
Ako je ta sredina loša,
If|is|that|environment|bad
If that environment is bad,
to dete može da ispolji simptome mentalne retardacije.
||||проявляет|||
the|child|may|to|exhibit|symptoms|mental|retardation
that child may exhibit symptoms of mental retardation.
Ako je ta sredina stimulativna i dobra za to dete,
If|is|that|environment|stimulating|and|good|for|that|child
If the environment is stimulating and good for that child,
ono može da ostvari visoke intelektualne sposobnosti.
it|can|to|achieve|high|intellectual|abilities
they can achieve high intellectual abilities.
Obrnuto, ako imamo dete koje ima nasledne predispozicije
Conversely|if|we have|child|that|has|hereditary|predispositions
Conversely, if we have a child with hereditary predispositions
za mentalnu retardaciju,
for|mental|retardation
for mental retardation,
sredina, ako je nestimulativna,
environment|if|is|unstimulating
the environment, if it is unstimulating,
će naravno uticati na to da dete ostane na tom nivou.
will|of course|affect|on|that|the|child|remains|at|that|level
will of course affect the child to remain at that level.
I ako je najstimulativnija,
And|if|is|the most stimulating
And if it is the most stimulating,
dete može da napreduje do određenog stepena,
child|can|to|progress|to|certain|degree
the child can progress to a certain degree,
ali nikada ne može doći do stepena normalne inteligencije
but|never|not|can|reach|to|level|normal|intelligence
but can never reach the level of normal intelligence.
ili do toga da bude genije.
or|until|that|to|be|genius
or to be a genius.
Dakle, taj odnos gena i sredine
So|that|relationship|gene|and|environment
So, the relationship between genes and the environment
je takav da nam geni daju određenu predispoziciju,
is|such|that|to us|genes|give|certain|predisposition
is such that our genes provide a certain predisposition,
geni jesu moćni,
genes|are|powerful
genes are powerful,
ali njihova ekspresija u potpunosti zavisi od sredinskih činilaca.
||||||||факторов среды
but|their|expression|in|completely|depends|on|environmental|factors
but their expression completely depends on environmental factors.
Sredina jeste moćna, ali nije svemoćna.
||мощная|||всемогущая
The middle|is|powerful|but|is not|all-powerful
The center is powerful, but it is not omnipotent.
Međutim, ova istraživanja i dalje nam ne govore
However|this|research|and|still|to us|not|tell
However, this research still does not tell us
o razlozima za ljudsko ponašanje.
||||поведение
about|reasons|for|human|behavior
about the reasons for human behavior.
Razlozi za ljudsko ponašanje su, u stvari, geni.
Причины|||поведение||||гены
The reasons|for|human|behavior|are|in|fact|genes
The reasons for human behavior are, in fact, genes.
Time se bavi posebna naučna disciplina
Time|reflexive pronoun|is engaged in|special|scientific|discipline
This is the focus of a special scientific discipline.
koja se zove molekularna bihejvioralna genetika,
which|reflexive particle|is called|molecular|behavioral|genetics
which is called molecular behavioral genetics,
i do sada imamo oko 99,9 posto identifikovanih ljudskih gena -
and|until|now|we have|about|percent|identified|human|genes
and so far we have about 99.9 percent of identified human genes -
gena, ne ljudskih, izvinjavam se -
gene|not|human|I apologize|reflexive pronoun
genes, not humans, I apologize -
koji se nalaze na određenim hromozomima.
which|reflexive pronoun|are located|on|certain|chromosomes
that are located on certain chromosomes.
Ti geni mogu u određenoj meri da regulišu naše ponašanje.
These|genes|can|in|certain|measure|to|regulate|our|behavior
These genes can regulate our behavior to some extent.
Naravno, ne postoji nikada jedan gen za jedno ponašanje,
Of course|not|there is|never|one|gene|for|one|behavior
Of course, there is never one gene for one behavior,
nego više različitih gena
but|more|different|genes
but rather multiple different genes
mogu da doprinesu varijansi određenog fenomena,
can|to|contribute|variance|specific|phenomenon
can contribute to the variance of a certain phenomenon,
kao što je agresivnost, impulsivnost, druželjubivost, itd.
as|such|is|aggressiveness|impulsiveness|sociability|etc
such as aggressiveness, impulsiveness, sociability, etc.
Videćemo na još jednom primeru
We will see|in|one more|one|example
We will see this in another example.
na koji način geni mogu da utiču na naše ponašanje.
in|what|way|genes|can|to|influence|on|our|behavior
in what way genes can influence our behavior.
Ako imamo dete koje ispoljava neku vrstu problema u ponašanju u školi,
||||проявляет|||||||
If|we have|child|that|exhibits|some|kind|problem|in|behavior|in|school
If we have a child who exhibits some kind of behavioral problem at school,
dakle, ima problem sa pažnjom, vrpolji se na času,
|||||вертится|||
so|he has|problem|with|attention|fidgets|himself|in|class
that is, has attention issues, fidgets in class,
ne može da prati nastavu,
||||уроки
not|can|to|follow|class
cannot follow the lesson,
tuče se sa drugom decom itd,
борется|||||
fights|himself|with|other|children|etc
fights with other children, etc.
naš školski sistem, roditelji itd,
our|school|system|parents|etc
our school system, parents, etc.
uglavnom prepoznaju takvo dete kao bezobrazno.
usually|recognize|such|child|as|rude
generally recognize such a child as rude.
Međutim, to je dete koje može da ima
However|it|is|child|that|can|to|have
However, this is a child who may have
nizak nivo dopamina -
low|level|dopamine
a low level of dopamine -
dopamin je neurotransmiter koji utiče na kontrolu našeg ponašanja.
dopamine|is|neurotransmitter|that|affects|on|control|our|behavior
dopamine is a neurotransmitter that affects the control of our behavior.
Utiče i na intelektualne sposobnosti,
It affects|and|on|intellectual|abilities
It affects intellectual abilities,
i na emocionalne reakcije itd.
and|to||reactions|etc
and emotional reactions, etc.
Dakle, ako mi znamo da to dete ima nizak nivo dopamina
So|if|we|know|that|that|child|has|low|level|dopamine
So, if we know that this child has a low level of dopamine
i da njegovo ponašanje, u stvari, ima za cilj da nadomesti nivo dopamina,
||||||||||восстановить||
and|that|his|behavior|in|fact|has|to|goal|to|compensate|level|dopamine
and that their behavior, in fact, aims to compensate for the level of dopamine,
onda možemo da prilagodimo
|||подстроим
then|we can|to|adjust
then we can adjust
te vaspitne tretmane, edukativne, tretmane,
the|educational|treatments|educational|treatments
those educational treatments, educational, treatments,
specifičnostima tog deteta,
specifics|that|child
the specificities of that child,
pa da mu omogućimo određeni trening pažnje,
so|to|him|we enable|certain|training|attention
so that we can provide him with a certain attention training,
ili da ga vaspitavamo tako što ćemo prilagoditi određene nagrade
|||||||||награды
or|to|him|we raise|so|that|we will|adjust|certain|rewards
or to educate him by adjusting certain rewards
upravo njegovim specifičnostima.
precisely|his|specificities
to his specificities.
I mi, u stvari, možemo da od tog deteta napravimo osobu
I|we|in|fact|can|to|from|that|child|make|person
And we, in fact, can turn that child into a person
koja će biti funkcionalna,
which|will|be|functional
who will be functional,
koja će taj nedostatak dopamina
which|will|that|deficiency|of dopamine
who will compensate for that lack of dopamine
da nadomesti na neke funkcionalne načine.
to|compensate|in|some|functional|ways
in some functional ways.
U suprotnom, kažnjavajući ga,
In|otherwise|punishing|him
Otherwise, by punishing him,
mi možemo da napravimo osobu koja će biti ili kriminalac
we|can|to|create|person|who|will|be|either|criminal
we can create a person who will be either a criminal
ili depresivna osoba u odraslom dobu.
or|depressive|person|in|adult|
or a depressed person in adulthood.
Dakle, to su teme kojima se mi bavimo u prvoj blizanačkoj studiji
So|those|are|topics|which|ourselves|we|engage|in|first|twin|study
So, these are the topics we are dealing with in the first twin study
koja se realizuje u Srbiji.
which|is|implemented|in|Serbia
that is being conducted in Serbia.
Koju realizuju savetnici i nastavnici sa odseka za psihologiju
||советники||||психологии (1)||
Which|implement|counselors|and|teachers|from|department|for|psychology
Which is being carried out by counselors and teachers from the psychology department.
Filozofskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu
Faculty of Philosophy|of the|in|Novi|Sad
Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad
i Medicinskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu.
and|Medical|faculty|in|New|Sad
and Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad.
Naš tim broji oko 20 ljudi,
Our|team|counts|about|people
Our team consists of about 20 people,
i multidisciplinaran je
and|multidisciplinary|is
and is multidisciplinary
drugim rečima, tu su i psiholozi i lekari i neurolozi,
|words|there|are|both|psychologists|and|doctors|and|neurologists
in other words, there are psychologists, doctors, and neurologists,
biolozi, hemičari, itd,
biologists|chemists|etc
biologists, chemists, etc,
i svi mi u stvari, pokušavamo da istrajemo u pokušajima
|||||||упорствуем||
and|all|we|in|fact|try|to|persevere|in|attempts
and all of us, in fact, are trying to persevere in our attempts
da ovu prvu blizanačku studiju napravimo uspešnom.
to|this|first|twin|study|make|successful
to make this first twin study successful.
Ono što ne smem da zaboravim da kažem ni na jednom mestu, pa ni ovde,
What|that|not|I am allowed|to|forget|to|say|not even|in|one|place|so|not even|here
What I must not forget to mention anywhere, not even here,
to je da nam u realizaciji ove studije pomažu studenti psihologije
it|is|that|us|in|realization|this|study|help|students|of psychology
is that psychology students are helping us in the realization of this study.
bez kojih nijedno od ovih istraživanja koja smo do sada sproveli
without|which|none|of|these|research|that|we|until|now|conducted
without which none of these studies we have conducted so far
ne bi moglo da se realizuje
not|would|could|to|reflexive pronoun|be realized
could have been realized
jer su ispitivanja duga
because|are|examinations|long
because the examinations are lengthy
i obuhvataju čitav niz različitih procedura.
||целый|||
and|encompass|entire|range|different|procedures
and encompass a whole range of different procedures.
Tako da ja uvek koristim priliku da im se zahvalim,
So|that|I|always|use|opportunity|to|them|themselves|thank
So I always take the opportunity to thank them,
bez obzira da li su oni prisutni u publici ili ne.
regardless|consideration|whether|question particle|are|they|present|in|audience|or|not
regardless of whether they are present in the audience or not.
Registar blizanaca koji smo osnovali
Register|of twins|that|we|established
The twins registry that we established
predstavlja osnov za naše istraživanje.
represents|basis|for|our|research
represents the basis for our research.
Osnovan je 2011. godine.
Founded|is|year
It was established in 2011.
Do sada smo radili ispitivanja u Nišu, Beogradu,
Until|now|we|have conducted|tests|in|Niš|Belgrade
So far, we have conducted examinations in Niš, Belgrade,
Novom Pazaru, Zrenjaninu,
New|Bazaar|Zrenjanin
In Novi Pazar, Zrenjanin,
pokušavajući, u stvari, da mi odemo u ona mesta
trying|in|fact|to|us|go|to|those|places
trying, in fact, to get me to go to those places
odakle je teško blizancima da doputuju do Novog Sada,
from where|is|difficult|for the twins|to|travel|to|Novi|Sad
from where it is difficult for twins to travel to Novi Sad,
jer je centar tih istraživanja u stvari u Novom Sadu,
because|is|center|of those|research|in|fact|in|Novi|Sad
because the center of that research is actually in Novi Sad,
a pokušavamo da ispitamo blizance iz cele zemlje.
and|we try|to|test|twins|from|entire|country
and we are trying to examine twins from all over the country.
2014\. godine osnovali smo Centar za bihejvioralnu genetiku,
year|we founded|(past tense marker)|Center|for|behavioral|genetics
In 2014, we established the Center for Behavioral Genetics,
i u okviru tog centra bavimo se ispitivanjem blizanaca,
and|in|the framework of|that|center|we engage|in|the study of|twins
and within that center, we study twins,
ali radimo i neke druge stvari
but|we do|and|some|other|things
but we also do some other things
koje i popularizuju nauku,
which|and|popularize|science
that both popularize science,
ali i pomažu mladim naučnicima da steknu određena znanja i veštine.
but|and|help|young|scientists|to||certain|knowledge|and|skills
and help young scientists acquire certain knowledge and skills.
Šta je naš cilj?
What|is|our|goal
What is our goal?
Cilj nam je da, u stvari, kreiramo jedinstvenu bazu podataka
|нам||||||||
The goal|us|is|to|in|fact|we create|unique|database|of data
Our goal is to actually create a unique database
koja će biti osnov za istraživanja u psihologiji, medicini, biologiji,
which|will|be|basis|for|research|in|psychology|medicine|biology
that will serve as a foundation for research in psychology, medicine, biology,
u narednim, mogu slobodno da kažem, decenijama.
in|upcoming|I can|freely|to|say|decades
in the coming, I can freely say, decades.
Zato što trenutno u našem registru imamo oko 1.000 blizanačkih parova,
Because|that|currently|in|our|registry|we have|about|twin|pairs
Because currently, we have about 1,000 twin pairs in our registry,
ispitano je 536 blizanaca,
tested|was|twins
A total of 536 twins were examined,
i mi od svakog blizanca imamo oko 1.500 određenih podataka.
and|we|from|each|twin|have|about|specific|data
and we have about 1,500 specific data points for each twin.
Dakle, naša baza je veoma, veoma velika.
So|our|base|is|very|very|large
So, our database is very, very large.
Blizanci se prijavljuju na našem sajtu
The Twins|themselves|register|on|our|website
Twins register on our website
i nakon toga dolaze kod nas.
and|after|that|they come|to|us
and then come to us.
Ovo je primer ispitivanja nekih kognitivnih funkcija,
This|is|example|of testing|some|cognitive|functions
This is an example of testing some cognitive functions,
ovo je atmosfera sa ispitivanja testovima,
this|is|atmosphere|with|testing|tests
this is the atmosphere from the testing with tests,
znači nekih psiholoških fenomena,
means|some|psychological|phenomena
meaning some psychological phenomena,
kao što su osobine ličnosti itd.
as|that|are|traits|of personality|etc
such as personality traits, etc.
Oni prolaze kroz medicinski pregled,
They|pass|through|medical|examination
They undergo a medical examination,
i uzimamo im uzorak bukalnog brisa,
||||букального|соскоба
and|we take|them|sample|buccal|swab
and we take a sample of buccal swab,
odnosno uzorak pljuvačke,
namely|sample|saliva
that is, a sample of saliva,
da bismo radili DNK analize.
to|we would|perform|DNA|analyses
to perform DNA analyses.
Ovo je primer matrice podataka,
|||матрицы|
This|is|example|of matrix|data
This is an example of a data matrix,
samo deo te matrice,
only|part|that|matrix
just a part of that matrix,
a ovo je primer matematičkih modela
and|this|is|example|mathematical|models
and this is an example of mathematical models
pomoću kojih mi izračunavamo udeo sredine, udeo deljene sredine,
|||||||делённой|
using|which|we|calculate|share|mean|share|joint|mean
through which we calculate the share of the mean, the share of the divided mean,
udeo nedeljene sredine, udeo gena, odnosno nasleđa,
share|undivided|environment|share|gene|or|inheritance
the share of the undivided mean, the share of genes, or inheritance,
u objašnjenju našeg ponašanja.
in|the explanation|our|behavior
in explaining our behavior.
Deo naših analiza,
Part|our|analyses
Part of our analyses,
onaj skuplji deo za koji mi nemamo dovoljno sredstava,
that|more expensive|part|for|which|we|do not have|enough|funds
the more expensive part for which we do not have enough funds,
sprovodi se na Džon Džej koledžu u Njujorku.
is conducted|reflexive pronoun|at|John|Jay|College|in|New York
is being carried out at John Jay College in New York.
To je institucija koja identifikuje žrtve posle jedanaestog septembra -
It|is|institution|that|identifies|victims|after|eleventh|of September
It is an institution that identifies victims after September eleventh -
kažem "identifikuje," zato što ih još uvek identifikuju,
I say|identifies|because|that|them|still|always|identify
I say "identifies," because they are still identifying them,
jer nisu sve žrtve identifikovane -
because|are not|all|victims|identified
since not all victims have been identified -
koja raspolaže resursima za one vrste analiza
which|has|resources|for|those|types|analyses
which has resources for those types of analyses
koje mi ne možemo da uradimo u Srbiji.
which|we|not|can|to|do|in|Serbia
that we cannot perform in Serbia.
Oni nam rade zigotnost za blizance,
|||зиготность||
They|us|do|zygosity|for|twins
They perform zygosity testing for twins,
i određuju neke druge vrste molekularnih i epigenetičkih analiza,
and|determine|some|other|types|molecular|and|epigenetic|analyses
and determine some other types of molecular and epigenetic analyses,
o kojima će biti reči nešto malo kasnije.
||будет|||||
about|which|will|be|talk|something|a little|later
which will be discussed a little later.
Ovo je fotografija profesorke Nataše Vučinić sa medicinskog fakulteta,
This|is|photograph|of Professor|Natasha|Vučinić|from|medical|faculty
This is a photograph of Professor Nataša Vučinić from the medical faculty,
koja je bila u poseti Džon Džej koledžu
which|was|female subject past tense verb|in|visit|John|Jay|College
who was visiting John Jay College
u jednom od tih zajedničkih istraživanja.
in|one|of|those|joint|research
in one of those joint research projects.
Šta pokazuju naši rezultati?
What|do show|our|results
What do our results show?
Krenućemo od nekih fenomena koji su nam svima dobro poznati.
We will start|from|some|phenomena|that|are|to us|to everyone|well|known
We will start with some phenomena that are well known to all of us.
Na primer,
For|example
For example,
rezultati pokazuju da je opšta inteligencija u preko 70 posto
results|show|that|is|general|intelligence|in|over|percent
the results show that general intelligence is determined by hereditary factors in over 70 percent.
određena naslednim činiocima.
||факторам
determined|hereditary|factors
However, general intelligence does not guarantee us
Međutim, opšta inteligencija nam ne garantuje
However|general|intelligence|to us|not|guarantees
that we will successfully adapt.
da ćemo se uspešno adaptirati.
that|we will|reflexive pronoun|successfully|adapt
Neki kriterijumi manifestacije inteligencije u životu
Some|criteria|manifestation|of intelligence|in|life
Some criteria for the manifestation of intelligence in life
mogu da budu stepen obrazovanja ili školski uspeh.
can|to|be|level|education|or|school|success
can be the level of education or academic success.
A naša istraživanja pokazuju
And|our|research|show
And our research shows
da je u tim fenomenima
that|is|in|those|phenomena
that in these phenomena
uticaj naslednih činilaca nešto malo manji,
influence|hereditary|factors|somewhat|little|smaller
the influence of hereditary factors is somewhat smaller,
ali da se povećava uticaj sredinskih činilaca,
but|that|reflexive pronoun|increases|influence|environmental|factors
but the influence of environmental factors is increasing,
posebno onih deljenih.
especially|those|shared
especially those that are shared.
Drugim rečima,
In other|words
In other words,
i ako imamo visoke intelektualne potencijale,
and|if|we have|high|intellectual|potentials
even if we have high intellectual potentials,
od atmosfere u porodici koju će kreirati,
from|atmosphere|in|family|which|will|create
it depends on the atmosphere in the family that will be created,
dete koje je radoznalo ili samodisciplinovano
child|that|is|curious|or|self-disciplined
a child who is curious or self-disciplined
ili na neki drugi način poseduje osobine koje su mu neophodne
|||||обладает|||||
or|in|some|other|way|possesses|qualities|that|are|to him|necessary
or in some other way possesses the qualities necessary for him
da završi školu ili bude dobar đak u školi,
to|finish|school|or|be|good|student|in|school
to finish school or be a good student in school,
će, u stvari, zavisiti i ti aspekti ponašanja.
will|in|fact|depend|and|those|aspects|behavior
will, in fact, depend on these aspects of behavior.
Takođe, ovo su neka ponašanja
Also|this|are|some|behaviors
Also, these are some behaviors
koja su svima nama dobro poznata,
which|are|to everyone|us|well|known
which are well known to all of us,
to je konzumiranje cigareta, konzumiranje alkohola,
it|is|consumption|cigarettes|consumption|alcohol
that is, the consumption of cigarettes, the consumption of alcohol,
zloupotreba alkohola,
abuse|of alcohol
alcohol abuse,
samostalno prepisivanje terapije.
independent|prescription|therapy
self-prescribing therapy.
Sva ova ponašanja smatraju se rizičnim ponašanjima.
All|this|behaviors|are considered|reflexive particle|risky|behaviors
All these behaviors are considered risky behaviors.
Naši rezultati pokazuju
Our|results|show
Our results show
da je, recimo, konzumiranje alkohola
that|is|for example|consumption|of alcohol
that, for example, alcohol consumption
u potpunosti određeno deljenim i nedeljenim sredinskim činiocima.
|||деленым||неделимым||
in|completely|determined|shared|and|unshared|central|factors
is completely determined by shared and unshared environmental factors.
Zašto?
Why
Why?
Zato što mi u stvari živimo u kulturi koja je tolerantna ka alkoholu,
Because|that|we|in|fact|live|in|a culture|which|is|tolerant|towards|alcohol
Because we actually live in a culture that is tolerant of alcohol,
ne postoji dete koje nije probalo alkohol.
no|exists|child|that|has not|tried|alcohol
There is no child who hasn't tried alcohol.
Međutim, zloupotreba alkohola, konzumiranje cigareta itd,
However|abuse|of alcohol|consumption|of cigarettes|etc
However, alcohol abuse, cigarette consumption, etc.,
zavise i od naslednih i od sredinskih činilaca.
depend|and|on|hereditary|and|on|environmental|factors
depends on both hereditary and environmental factors.
To ne znači da postoji gen za konzumiranje alkohola.
It|not|means|that|there is|gene|for|consumption|alcohol
This does not mean that there is a gene for alcohol consumption.
To znači da postoji nasledna osnova
That|means|that|there is|hereditary|basis
It means that there is a hereditary basis.
za određenu vrstu povećanja napetosti,
||||напряжения
for|certain|type|increase|tension
for a certain type of tension increase,
i to je ono što nam pružaju naši geni.
and|that|is|thing|what|to us|provide|our|genes
and that is what our genes provide us.
A sredina nam pruža model kako smanjujemo tu napetost.
|||дает|||||напряжение
The|environment|us|provides|model|how|we reduce|that|tension
And the environment provides us with a model of how we reduce that tension.
I onda neko to čini kroz konzumiranje alkohola,
And|then|someone|that|does|through|consumption|of alcohol
And then someone does it through alcohol consumption,
neko kroz konzumiranje cigareta,
someone|through|consumption|cigarettes
someone through cigarette consumption,
ili na neke treće funkcionalne ili manje funkionalne načine.
or|in|some|third|functional|or|less||ways
or in some other functional or less functional ways.
Međutim, rekli smo da je nama osnovna ideja sa, u stvari,
However|we said|are|that|is|to us|basic|idea|with|in|fact
However, we said that our basic idea is, in fact,
želimo da objasnimo ljudsko ponašanje.
we want|to|explain|human|behavior
we want to explain human behavior.
Zašto se ljudi ponašaju na određeni način?
Why|(reflexive particle)|people|behave|in|certain|way
Why do people behave in a certain way?
Postoje različite teorije.
There are|different|theories
There are different theories.
Ovde je primer jedne od teorija u psihologiji
Here|is|example|one|of|theories|in|psychology
Here is an example of one of the theories in psychology.
koja u obzir uzima i različite sredinske činioce
which|in|consideration|takes|and|different|environmental|factors
It takes into account various environmental factors.
i neke nasledne i biološke predispozicije.
and|some|hereditary|and|biological|predispositions
And some hereditary and biological predispositions.
Na primer, ako se bilo ko od nas suoči sa potencijalnom opasnošću,
||||||||встретится|||
For|example|if|reflexive pronoun|any|one|of|us|faces|with|potential|danger
For example, if any of us faces a potential danger,
doživeće povećanje anksioznosti.
испытать||
will experience|increase|of anxiety
we will experience an increase in anxiety.
Ako je osoba sklona da sve situacije u životu, ili većinu njih,
If|is|person|prone|to|all|situations|in|life|or|most|of them
If a person tends to view all situations in life, or most of them,
posmatra kao potencijalnu opasnost,
considers|as|potential|threat
as a potential danger,
onda će razviti anksioznost kao osobinu ličnosti.
then|will|develop|anxiety|as|trait|of personality
then they will develop anxiety as a personality trait.
Ako imamo biološku predispoziciju da reagujemo na nagradu,
If|we have|biological|predisposition|to|react|to|reward
If we have a biological predisposition to react to reward,
na potencijalnu nagradu, je l' tako,
to|potential|reward|is|question particle|right
to potential reward, right,
onda postoji mogućnost da razvijemo ona ponašanja
then|there is|possibility|to|develop|those|behaviors
then there is a possibility that we develop those behaviors
koja su u vezi sa lošijom kontrolom sa impulsivnošću:
which|are|in|relation|with|poorer|control|with|impulsivity
that are related to poorer control over impulsivity:
hoću sad, hoću odmah da dobijem tu neku nagradu koju sam zamislio.
I want|now|I want|immediately|to|receive|that|some|prize|that|I|imagined
I want it now, I want to immediately receive that reward I imagined.
Ako se bilo ko od nas suoči sa stvarnom opasnošću,
If|reflexive particle|anyone|who|of|us|faces|with|real|danger
If any of us faces a real danger,
koja je, naravno, uvek opasnost za naše samopoštovanje,
which|is|of course|always|danger|to|our|self-esteem
which is, of course, always a threat to our self-esteem,
to je nešto sa čim se susrećemo svakoga dana u životu,
it|is|something|with|what|ourselves|encounter|every|day|in|life
this is something we encounter every day in life,
onda možemo da se ili borimo
then|we can|to|ourselves|or|fight
then we can either fight
ili da bežimo ili da se blokiramo.
either|to|run away|or|to|ourselves|block
or flee or block ourselves.
Cela ta teorija zahteva možda i posebno predavanje,
whole|your|theory|requires|maybe|and|special|lecture
The whole theory may require a special lecture,
nemamo sada vremena da pričamo o svim tim detaljima.
we don't have|now|time|to|talk|about|all|those|details
we don't have time to talk about all those details right now.
Međutim, šta su pokazala naša istraživanja?
However|what|(verb to be)|showed|our|research
However, what did our research show?
Pokazala su da je udeo nasleđa,
showed|(plural past tense verb ending)|that|is|share|inheritance
It showed that the share of heredity,
udeo sredine,
part|of the middle
the share of the environment,
u objašnjenju svih ovih osobina ličnosti
in|the explanation|all|these|traits|of personality
in explaining all these personality traits
onakav kakav smo i očekivali.
such|as|we|also|expected
was as we expected.
Drugim rečima,
In other|words
In other words,
udeo nasleđa je tu negde između 40 i 50 posto,
share|inheritance|is|there|somewhere|between|and|
the share of inheritance is somewhere between 40 and 50 percent,
ostatak je udeo sredine.
the remainder|is|share|of the middle
the rest is the share of the environment.
Dakle, mi možemo imati naslednu predispoziciju
So|we|can|have|hereditary|predisposition
So, we may have a hereditary predisposition
da reagujemo više, da budemo reaktivniji na nagradu
to|react|more|to|be|more reactive|to|reward
to react more, to be more reactive to reward.
ili budemo reaktivniji na kaznu,
or|we are|more reactive|to|punishment
or we will be more reactive to punishment,
ali će sredina da oblikuje način na koji ćemo mi to da radimo.
||||формировать||||||||
but|will|environment|to|shape|way|in|which|we will|we|it|to|do
but the environment will shape the way we do it.
Neko će da se bavi rizičnim sportovima,
Someone|will|to|himself|engage in|risky|sports
Some will engage in risky sports,
a neko će drugi da traži senzaciju u čitanju knjiga.
||||||сенсацию|||
and|someone|will|others|to|seek|sensation|in|reading|books
while others will seek excitement in reading books.
To su sve načini koje u stvari oblikuje sredina,
Those|are|all|ways|that|in|fact|shapes|environment
These are all ways that are actually shaped by the environment,
pružajući svoj model.
предоставляя||
providing|his|model
providing their model.
Dalje, mi pokušavamo u stvari da vidimo
Further|we|try|in|fact|to|see
Furthermore, we are actually trying to see
koja je genska osnova ovih ponašaja.
what|is|genetic|basis|these|behaviors
what the genetic basis of these behaviors is.
Trenutno smo imali sredstava za četiri gena, svi su dopaminski.
Currently|we|had|resources|for|four|genes|all|are|dopaminergic
Currently, we have had resources for four genes, all of which are dopaminergic.
Ja ću prikazati rezultate za dva,
I|will|show|results|for|two
I will present the results for two,
to su COMT i DRD2.
||COMT||DRD
those|are|COMT|and|DRD2
these are COMT and DRD2.
U pitanju su geni koji regulišu nivo dopamina u organizmu.
In|question|are|genes|which|regulate|level|dopamine|in|organism
These are genes that regulate dopamine levels in the body.
Kao što sam već rekla,
As|that|I|already|said
As I already mentioned,
niži nivo dopamina dovodi do impulsivnijeg ponašanja,
lower|level|of dopamine|leads|to|more impulsive|behavior
lower dopamine levels lead to more impulsive behavior,
odnosno ponašanja koje će da nadomesti nivo dopamina u organizmu.
namely|behaviors|that|will|to|replace|level|dopamine|in|organism
that is, behavior that will compensate for the dopamine levels in the body.
Ovde imamo rezultat
Here|we have|result
Here we have a result
koji pokazuje da je COMT gen zadužen, u stvari,
which|shows|that|is|COMT|gene|responsible|in|fact
that shows that the COMT gene is responsible, in fact,
za regulaciju impulsivnosti.
for|regulation|impulsivity
for the regulation of impulsivity.
Imamo njegovu citogenetičku lokaciju,
We have|his|cytogenetic|location
We have its cytogenetic location,
on se nalazi na 22. hromozomu.
it|reflexive pronoun|is located|on|chromosome
it is located on chromosome 22.
Sa druge strane,
On|other|side
On the other hand,
interakcija dva gena, COMT-a i DRD2 -
interaction|two||||and|DRD2
the interaction of two genes, COMT and DRD2 -
oni utiču, u stvari, na ona ponašanja
they|influence|in|fact|on|those|behaviors
they actually influence those behaviors
koja doprinose tome da se osoba manje blokira i manje beži
which||to that|to|reflexive pronoun|person|less|feels blocked|and|less|escapes
that contribute to a person being less inhibited and less likely to flee
u opasnim situacijama.
in|dangerous|situations
in dangerous situations.
Šta nam govore ova istraživanja?
What|to us|tell|these|research
What do these studies tell us?
Govore nam, prvo, da ne postoji jedan gen za jednu osobinu,
They tell|us|first|that|not|there is|one|gene|for|one|trait
They tell us, first, that there is not one gene for one trait,
da je naše ponašanje složeno,
that|is|our|behavior|complex
that our behavior is complex,
i da veći broj gena doprinosi, u stvari, oblikovanju našeg ponašanja.
||||||||формированию||
and|that|greater|number|genes|contributes|in|fact|shaping|our|behavior
and that a larger number of genes actually contribute to shaping our behavior.
Ono što mi želimo sada da počnemo,
What|that|we|want|now|to|start
What we want to start now,
to je da ispitujemo i set serotoninskih gena
it|is|to|we examine|and|set|serotonin|genes
that is to examine a set of serotonin genes
koji više utiču na emocionalne reakcije.
which|more|influence|on||reactions
that have a greater impact on emotional reactions.
I to su neki planovi.
I|those|are|some|plans
And these are some plans.
Takođe, planiramo da istraživanja proširimo
Also|we plan|to|research|expand
We also plan to expand the research
ispitujući maloletne blizance,
questioning|minor|twins
by studying juvenile twins,
i s tim krećemo do kraja godine.
and|with|that|we start|by|the end|of the year
and with that we are moving towards the end of the year.
A takođe sa Džon Džej koledžom u Njujorku
And|also|with|John|Jay|college|in|New York
And also with John Jay College in New York
pokušavamo da uvedemo još jednu novu disciplinu
we are trying|to|introduce|one more|new|new|discipline
we are trying to introduce one more new discipline
koja se zove epigenetika.
which|reflexive particle|is called|epigenetics
called epigenetics.
Drugim rečima, naši geni uče, naši geni se menjaju
In other|words|our|genes|learn|our|genes|reflexive particle|change
In other words, our genes learn, our genes change.
pod uticajem učenja i vaspitanja.
under|influence|learning|and|upbringing
under the influence of learning and upbringing.
I to su neka istraživanja koja planiramo da uradimo.
I|those|are|some|research|which|we plan|to|do
And these are some studies that we plan to conduct.
Zašto je sve to važno?
Why|is|all|that|important
Why is all of this important?
Zašto je cela ova priča o genetici i o sredini važna?
Why|is|whole|this|story|about|genetics|and|about|environment|important
Why is this whole story about genetics and the environment important?
Pa, naš cilj je da,
Well|our|goal|is|to
Well, our goal is to,
ako pružimo objašnjenje
|дадим|
if|we provide|explanation
if we provide an explanation
za ovu vrstu razloga za ljudsko ponašanje,
for|this|type|reason|for|human|behavior
for this type of reasons for human behavior,
koje će biti u genima,
which|will|be|in|genes
which will be in the genes,
koje će biti u specifičnostima sredine,
which|will|be|in|specificities|environment
which will be in the specificities of the environment,
smatramo da ćemo kreirati humanije okruženje
||||более гуманное|
we believe|that|we will|create|more humane|environment
we believe that we will create a more humane environment
koje će odgovarati specifičnostima svakog pojedinca.
which|will|correspond to|specificities|every|individual
which will correspond to the specificities of each individual.
I ako samo delimično uspemo u tome,
|||частично|||
And|if|only|partially|succeed|in|that
And if we only partially succeed in this,
možemo reći da smo ostvarili svoj cilj.
we can|say|that|we|achieved|our|goal
we can say that we have achieved our goal.
Pored ovih naučnih rezultata,
Besides|these|scientific|results
In addition to these scientific results,
naš tim može da se pohvali i generalno,
our|team|can|to|reflexive pronoun|boast|and|generally
our team can also boast generally,
uvođenjem jedne nove naučne discipline u naš akademski prostor.
introducing|one|new|scientific|discipline|into|our|academic|space
by introducing a new scientific discipline into our academic space.
Isto tako, mi, angažujući veliki broj građana,
Likewise|so|we|engaging|large|number|citizens
Likewise, we, engaging a large number of citizens,
u ovom slučaju blizanaca,
in|this|case|of twins
in this case twins,
u našim istraživanjima,
in|our|research
in our research,
pokušavamo da razvijemo neke osnovne principe otvorene nauke.
we are trying|to|develop|some|basic||open|science
are trying to develop some basic principles of open science.
Zašto i kako?
Why|and|how
Why and how?
Tako što naši blizanci svi dobiju rezultate svojih istraživanja,
So|that|our|twins|all||results|their|research
By having all our twins receive the results of their research,
i medicinskih istraživanja i procena osobina ličnosti,
||||оценка||
and|medical|research|and|assessment|traits|personality
including medical research and assessments of personality traits,
intelektualnih sposobnosti, rezultate DNK analiza itd.
intellectual|abilities|results|DNA|analysis|etc
intellectual abilities, DNA analysis results, etc.
Mi, u stvari, pokušavamo da otvorimo nauku za sve građane,
We|in|fact|are trying|to|open|science|for|all|citizens
We are, in fact, trying to open science to all citizens,
zato što smatramo da svi građani
because|that|we believe|that|all|citizens
because we believe that all citizens
treba da daju doprinos u kreiranju naučnih rezultata.
should|to|give|contribution|in|creating|scientific|results
should contribute to the creation of scientific results.
Hvala.
Thank you
Thank you.
(Aplauz)
Applause
(Applause)
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