Apa Yang Memulai Perang Dingin? | Leo Szilard dan Sejarah Bomb Nuklir
|||||Leo Szilard|Szilard|||Nuclear bomb|
Was hat den Kalten Krieg ausgelöst? Leo Szilard und die Geschichte der Atombombe
What Started the Cold War? Leo Szilard and the History of the Nuclear Bomb
¿Qué inició la Guerra Fría? Leo Szilard y la historia de la bomba nuclear
Leo Szilard e la storia della bomba nucleare: cosa ha scatenato la guerra fredda?
何が冷戦を始めたのか レオ・シラードと核爆弾の歴史
Ketika kita mengingat sejarah mengenai Perang Dingin,
||remembering||about||
Wenn wir uns an die Geschichte des Kalten Krieges erinnern,
When we think about the history of the Cold War,
mungkin hal ini yang akan terlintas di pikiran kita:
|thing||||cross our mind|||
maybe this is what comes to mind:
(Soekarno berpidato "Ganyang Malaysia")
|give a speech|Crush|
(Soekarno's speech "Down with Malaysia")
Atau ini:
Or this:
(Presiden AS Ronald Reagan: "Tn. Gorbachev, runtuhkan gerbang ini!")
||Ronald Reagan|Reagan|Mr|Gorbachev|tear down|the wall|
(US President Ronald Reagan: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!")
Dan tentunya, ini:
|of course|
And of course, this:
Semua ini merupakan peristiwa penting
||is|event|
All these important events
di tengah persaingan antara
||competition|
occurred curing the tensions between
Amerika Serikat
the United States
dan Uni Soviet.
and the Soviet Union.
Demi mencapai dominasi global,
For|achieve|dominance|
In order to achieve global domination,
serta menjaga keamanan nasionalnya,
and||national security|its national
and maintain national security,
kedua negara tersebut
the two countries
mengembangkan, menguji dan memproduksi
developing|testing||produce
developed, tested and produced
ribuan senjata pemusnah massal.
||destroyer|mass
thousands of weapons of mass destruction.
Satu serangan saja
A single strike
dapat menewaskan ribuan manusia
|to defeat||
could kill thousands of people
dan mengakhiri peperangan dalam hitungan menit.
|end|war||countdown|
and end wars in a matter of minutes.
Meskipun pada akhirnya,
although||
Even though in the end
senjata ini tidak pernah digunakan,
these weapons were never used,
penyebaran dari senjata nuklir
spread|||
the proliferation of nuclear weapons
mengakibatkan ketakutan yang dalam
causing deep fear|||
incited immense fear
di seluruh dunia.
throughout the world.
Inilah realita untuk beberapa dekade ke depan.
|reality|||||
This was the reality for the next few decades.
Bukan hanya untuk Amerika Serikat,
Not just for the United States,
tapi hampir seluruh kemanusiaan. Dan penyebab dari semua ini,
|||humanity||cause|||
but for almost all of humanity.
tidak lebih dari sebuah surat sederhana.
Penyiar radio: Kami mendapat satu bom di Hiroshima. Yaitu bom atomik. Bom ini menggunakan energi dasar alam semesta. Dengan bom ini... kita telah menemukan sebuah cara yang baru dan revolusioner... untuk mencapai kehancuran.
|||a||simple letter|broadcaster||||||||||atomic bomb|||||||universe||||||||||||revolutionary||to achieve|destruction
And the cause of all of this
Awal abad ke-20 merupakan masa kejayaan fisika
|century||was|era|success|physics
was nothing more than a simple letter.
bagi bangsa Eropa.
(Radio announcer: We got one bomb on Hiroshima.)
Temuan demi temuan dari
findings||findings|
(It is an atomic bomb.)
Thomson, Rutherford dan Bohr
Thomson|Rutherford||Bohr
(It is a harnessing of the basic powers of the universe.)
semakin membantu manusia memahami tentang
|||understand about|
(With this bomb ...)
struktur dasar partikel terkecil, yakni atom.
structure||particle||namely|
(... we have now added a new and revolutionary increase....)
Meskipun dengan berbagai pengetahuan tersebut,
Although|||knowledge|
(... in destruction.)
masih sedikit yang diketahui
|||is known
The beginning of the 20th century
akan potensi dari atom sesungguhnya.
||||actually
for the Europeans.
Pada dasarnya, atom adalah bagian terkecil
|the basis|||part|
Discovery after discovery
yang seharusnya tidak dapat terbagi lagi.
||||divided|
from Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr
Namun, perlahan-lahan kita menemukan
|slowly|land||
helped us to understand
bahwa bahkan di dalam atom sekalipun
|||within||even in
the structure of the smallest particles around:
terdapat ungsur yang lebih kecil.
|element|||
However, even with this knowledge
Setiap atom terdiri dari nucleus
||consists of||nucleus
little was known
yang mengandung proton dan neutron,
|contains|proton||neutron
about atoms' full potential.
dan dikelilingi oleh elektron.
|surrounded||electron
Essentially, atoms are the smallest unit of matter
Pada tahun 1933, seorang ilmuwan asal Hungaria, Leo Szilard,
|||scientist|from Hungary|Hungarian||
and thus, should not be divided again.
lalu bereksperimen dengan menembakkan neutron
|experimenting||shooting|
However, we slowly discovered
ke dalam nucleus atom uranium.
||||uranium
that even within the atom
Hasilnya adalah reaksi berantai,
The result|||chain reaction
there are smaller components.
di mana inti atom tersebut dapat terbelah,
||nucleus|||can|split
Each atom consists of a nucleus
sehingga melepaskan neutron di dalamnya,
so that||neutron||
containing protons and neutrons,
yang kemudian menabrak nucleus atom lain,
||colliding with|||
and surrounded by electrons.
dan melepaskan neutron di dalamnya,
||neutron||
In 1933,
dan terus menerus.
||and continuously
a scientist from Hungary, Leo Szilard,
Reaksi ini juga dinamakan fisi nuklir
|||named|fission|
experimented by firing neutrons
atau "nuclear fision".
|nuclear fission|fusion
into the nucleus of uranium atoms.
Secara teori,
Theoretically|
This resulted in a chain reaction
apabila 1 kg uranium mengalami fisi,
if|kg|uranium|undergoes fission|fission
in which the nucleus of the atom split open,
maka 2,58 triliun TRILIUN
released the neutrons within it,
atom di dalamnya akan terbelah
||||split
which in turn hit the nucleus of other atoms
dan melepaskan neutron dalam jumlah yang besar.
||neutron||amount||large
releasing the neutrons in those atoms,
Neutron yang kemudian bergerak secepat cahaya ini
|||||light|
and over and over again in a cycle.
akan menghasilkan energi setaran dengan ledakan
|||vibration||explosion
This reaction was known as
10 juta kilogram dinamit.
|kilograms|dynamite
"nuclear fission".
Temperatur dari ledakan atom ini pun
Temperature||explosion|||
In theory,
akan setara dengan bagian terluar matahari. Maka dari ini, bom yang menggunakan fisi nuklir juga dinamakan sebagai bom atom.
|equivalent||part||||||||using|fission|||is called|||
if 1 kg of uranium undergoes fission,
Temuan serupa
similar findings|
then 2,58
kemudian didapati dari eksperimen Enrico Fermi,
|was found||experiment|Enrico Fermi|Fermi
then 2,58 trillion TRILLION
dan juga Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner
|||Hahn|Lise Meitner|Meitner
dan Fritz Strassman di Jerman.
|Fritz|Strassman||
atoms in it will split open
Mereka pun sadar akan potensi senjata bom
||aware|||weapon|
to release a massive amount of neutrons.
yang dapat dibuat untuk mendukung
||||support
These neutrons, which move as fast as light,
upaya perang pemerintahan mana pun.
efforts||||
will produce energy equivalent to
(Suara Hitler berpidato di Reichstag, 30 Januari)
|Hitler|speaking||Reichstag|
Sayangnya, temuan ini terjadi tidak lama
unfortunately|finding||||
The temperature from this atomic explosion
setelah Hitler menjadi Kanselir Jerman
|Hitler||Chancellor|
is equivalent to that of the outer part of the sun.
dan Partai Nasional-Sosialis atau Nazi,
|||||Nazi Party
As such,
mengambil alih perpolitikan bangsa.
Penyiar radio: Hitler mendapatkan tepuk tangan meriah, saat menuju rapat kabinet pertamanya. Inilah sebuah kejadian baru dalam sejarah politik Jerman.
|take over|politics||||||applause||festive applause||toward|meeting||||||||||
bombs that require nuclear fission
Hukum rasial yang ditetapkan oleh Hitler,
|racial||established||
are also known as atomic bombs.
melarang orang Yahudi mengajar di universitas.
prohibit||Jewish people|teaching||
Similar findings
Buku-buku yang dianggap tidak layak dibakar.
|||considered||worthy|burned
were discovered from the experiments of Enrico Fermi,
Dan properti orang Yahudi disita oleh negara.
|property|||confiscated||
as well as Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner
Artinya,
and Fritz Strassman in Germany.
berbagai ilmuwan atom yang beretnis Yahudi,
|scientist|||ethnic|
They were also aware of the potential for bombs
atau memiliki hubungan dengan orang Yahudi,
||||person|
to support the war effort of any government.
tidak diperkenankan mengajar dan melanjutkan risetnya.
|not permitted|to teach|||its research
not allowed to teach and continue his research.
Akibat dari kebijakan ini adalah
Consequences of|of|policy||
(Hitler's voice addressing the Reichstag, January 30)
hampir 25% fisikawan Jerman kehilangan pekerjaannya.
|physicist|||
Unfortunately, this discovery occurred shortly
Selain pekerjaannya, nyawa mereka pun terancam
||life|||threatened
after Hitler became Chancellor of Germany
berkat obsesi Hitler untuk membunuh
blessing|obsession|Hitler||
and the National-Socialist Party, or the Nazis,
manusia yang dianggap rendahan,
||considered as|lowly
took over the nation's politics.
seperti Yahudi, Romani dan orang-orang difabel.
||Romani||||disabled
(Radio announcer: Hitler gets a tremendous ovation,)
Alhasil, ilmuwan seperti Albert Einstein,
as a result|scientist|||Einstein
(when leaving for his first cabinet meeting.)
Enrico Fermi,
Enrico Fermi|Fermi
(Another milestone is marked)
Klaus Fuchs,
Klaus Fuchs|Fuchs
(in Germany's political history.)
Eugene Wigner,
|Wigner
Racial laws enacted by Hitler,
Edward Teller,
Edward|
prohibited Jews from teaching at universities.
dan Leo Szilard,
Books deemed unfit were burned.
dan masih banyak lagi
and|||
And Jewish property was confiscated by the state.
tidak memiliki pilihan selain melarikan diri.
||||run|
This means that
Meskipun tidak yakin,
Although||
various atomic scientists who were themselves Jewish,
Leo Szilard tetap khawatir bahwa temuannya
||still|||its findings
or had ties to Jewish communities,
akan digunakan untuk membunuh
were not allowed to teach or continue their research.
banyak nyawa tak berdosa.
many|lives||innocent
As a result of this policy,
Pasalnya, Nazi Jerman bisa saja
Because of it|Nazi Germany|||
nearly 25% of German physicists lost their jobs.
mendapat banyak uranium di Eropa,
||uranium||
Apart from their work, their lives were also threatened
seperti Cekoslowakia,
|Czechoslovakia
thanks to Hitler's obsession to eradicate
atau salah satu jajahannya,
|||colonies
people he considered second-class citizens
seperti Kongo, yang merupakan jajahan Belgia.
|Congo||is a former colony|colony|
such as Jews, Romani and people with disabilities.
Dia kemudian mempercayai Amerika Serikat
||believe||
As a result, scientists such as Albert Einstein,
sebagai negara yang harus memiliki
||that||
Enrico Fermi,
senjata atom tersebut untuk mendesak Hitler.
||||pressing|Hitler
Klaus Fuchs,
Bersama dengan koleganya,
||his colleague
Eugene Wigner,
Edward Teller dan Eugene Wigner,
Edward Teller,
mereka merancang sebuah surat
|drafting||
Leo Szilard,
kepada Presiden Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
||Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Delano|President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
and many more
Dan untuk membuktikan bahwa
||and to prove that|
had no choice but to flee.
hal itu adalah hal serius,
Although unsure,
mereka meminta Albert Einstein
Leo Szilard remained concerned that his findings
untuk menandatangani surat tersebut.
|sign||
could be used to kill many innocent lives.
Surat ini kemudian disampaikan ke Presiden Roosevelt
|||delivered|||
melalui perantara ekonom dan sahabat karib Leo,
|through the intermediary||||close|
This is because Nazi Germany could easily
Alexander Sachs, pada tanggal 2 Agustus 1939.
Alexander|Sachs|||
collect Uranium throughout Europe,
Di dalamnya terdapat penjelasan mengenai
|||explanation|about
for instance in Czechoslovakia.
penemuan pembelahan atom uranium
discovery|fission||uranium
Or in one of its extended territories,
yang berpotensi menghasilkan bom berkapasitas tinggi,
|potential|||high-capacity|
such as the Congo, a Belgian colony.
serta saran bahwa Amerika Serikat harus
and|suggestions||||
Szilard thus trusted the United States
melanjutkan eksperimen untuk mengkonfirmasi hal ini.
|experiment||confirm||
as a country that should possess
Namun,
atomic weapons to counter Hitler.
maksud sesungguhnya tertera di paragraf terakhir:
intention|true intention|stated||paragraph|
Together with his colleagues,
Jerman telah menghentikan ekspor uranium
||stop||uranium
Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner,
di Cekoslowakia setelah mengambil alih,
|Czechoslovakia|||take over
they drafted a letter to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
yang mengindikasikan bahwa
|indicating that|
Jerman tengah mengumpulkan material
||collecting|materials
And to prove that it was a serious issue,
untuk mengembangkan senjata atom.
|to develop||
Sachs juga berupaya meyakinkan Presiden
Sachs||attempting||
they asked Albert Einstein
bahwa apabila ini terjadi,
to sign the letter.
tidak akan ada yang dapat menghentikan Nazi
|||||stop|
This letter was later delivered to President Roosevelt
dari menaklukkan Eropa dan Amerika Serikat.
|conquering||||
through the an intermediary, the economist and Leo Szilard's friend,
Mereka tahu betul bahwa Amerika Serikat
Alexander Sachs, on August 2, 1939.
cenderung ingin menjauhkan diri
tend to||keep away|
It contained an explanation on the discovery of
dari permasalahan di Eropa.
|issue||
nuclear fission in uranium atoms
Lalu, Leo dan koleganya
|||his colleague
and how it had the capacity to yield extremely destructive bombs,
menunggu jawaban dari Amerika Serikat.
|answer|||
as well as the suggestion
Sementara mereka menunggu,
While||
militer Nazi semakin membengkak
|Nazi||swelling
However,
tanpa mendapat perlawanan dari bangsa Eropa lain.
Penyiar radio:1 September 1939. Hitler menyerang dengan Blietzkrieg.
||resistance|||||Broadcaster||||attacked||lightning war
its real intention was stated in the last paragraph of the letter:
Dan sementara mereka menunggu,
|Meanwhile||
"Germany has actually stopped the sale of uranium..."
Hitler sudah menaklukkan Cekoslowakia,
Hitler|already|conquered|Czechoslovakia
"... from the Czechoslovakian mines which she has taken over."
Austria,
Austria
This indicated that
dan Polandia.
|Poland
Germany had successfully collected enough material
Sementara mereka menunggu,
While||
to develop atomic weapons.
ribuan orang Yahudi di Polandia ditangkap
|||||were arrested
Sachs also tried to convince the President
dan ditembak.
that if this happened,
Akhirnya, pada 19 Oktober 1939,
nothing would stop the Nazis
jawaban yang dinantikan pun
answer||awaited|
from conquering Europe and the United States.
datang.
They knew very well that the United States
Dan dengan demikian,
||thus
tended to isolate itself from European conflicts.
dimulailah proyek ambisius
let the||
untuk membangun senjata atom secara rahasia,
||||in a manner|
From there, Leo and his colleagues
yang kemudian dinamakan sebagai
||named as|
waited for an answer from the United States.
Proyek Manhattan.
|Manhattan Project
While they waited,
Di bawah pimpinan jenderal Leslie Groves
||leadership||Leslie|Groves
the Nazi military increased exponentially
dan Robert Oppenheimer,
||Oppenheimer
without resistance from the other European nations.
ilmuwan-ilmuwan terbaik di Eropa
scientists||||
(Radio announcer: September 1st 1939)
didatangkan untuk membantu penyelesaian proyek.
brought in|||solution|
(Hitler unleashed his Blietzkrieg.)
Lalu,
And while they waited,
padang gurun di Mexico pun
|desert||Mexico desert|
Hitler conquered Czechoslovakia,
dijadikan tempat pembangunan
made into||
Austria,
sekaligus tempat uji coba.
at the same time||test|
and Poland.
Amerika Serikat juga menjalin kerja sama
While they waited,
dengan sekutu lamanya, Inggris,
|ally|former|
thousands of Jews in Poland were arrested
tanpa memberitahukan Uni Soviet.
|informing||
and shot.
Dan pada 16 Juli 1945,
Finally, on October 19, 1939,
uji coba bom atom Amerika Serikat
test|||||
the answer they had waited...
berhasil.
successful
...arrived.
Tetapi, ada satu masalah.
And thus,
Pada saat Amerika Serika berhasil membangun
|||Serica|successful|
began an ambitious project
bom atom pertama di dunia,
to secretly build an atomic weapon,
target utama dari bom tersebut,
which became known
yakni Nazi Jerman,
namely Germany's Nazis|Nazi Germany|
as the Manhattan Project.
sudah terlanjur mengalami kekalahan di Eropa.
|too late|experienced|defeat||
Under the leadership of General Leslie Groves
Senjata atom dari Jerman pun
and Robert Oppenheimer,
tak kunjung ditemukan.
|not yet|found
the best scientists in Europe were recruited
Dan memang,
to help complete the project.
Jerman tidak pernah berhasil untuk membangun senjata nuklir.
|||succeeded in||||
In addition,
Dan terang saja,
|clearly obviously|
the deserts of Mexico
projek atom mereka tidak pernah berhasil
project|||||succeeded
were used as a construction site
karena semua ilmuwan terbaik
||scientists|
as well as a test site.
sudah diserap oleh Amerika Serikat dan Inggris.
|absorbed by|||||
The United States also cooperated
Namun, alih-alih menghancurkan
|instead of||destroying
with its old ally, Britain,
senjata atom yang baru saja dibangun,
|||||built
without notifying the Soviet Union.
Amerika Serikat dan Inggris
And on July 16, 1945,
berkonspirasi untuk menggunakannya di Jepang.
Penyiar radio: Menteri Angkatan Laut, Tn. Forrestal mengumumkan bahwa perang telah memakan 2,050 korban jiwa Amerika dalam waktu 15 hari.
conspired||use it|||broadcaster||||||Forrestal|announce|||||victims|||||
the United States atomic bomb test was
Dibanding Nazi Jerman,
Compared to||
successful.
militer Amerika Serikat mendapatkan
But.
perlawanan yang lebih sengit dari tentara Jepang.
resistance|||more intense|||
There was a problem.
Taktik kamikaze,
|suicidal attack
By the time the United States succeeded
serangan banzai,
|banzai charge
in building the world's first atomic bomb,
serta fanatisme terhadap Kaisar Hirohito
||toward|Emperor|Hirohito
the main target of this bomb,
membuat invasi dari pulau Jepang,
to make||||
Nazi Germany,
menjadi suatu hal yang sulit dibenamkan
|||||buried
was already defeated in Europe.
tanpa kerugian besar.
|loss|
Any atomic bombs made by Germany
Pasalnya,
because
were never found.
Amerika Serikat sudah kehilangan
|||lost
Indeed,
terlalu banyak tentara di Eropa.
Germany never succeeded in building a nuclear weapon.
Dan President Truman,
|President Truman|Truman
And quite frankkly,
yang baru saja menggantikan Roosevelt,
|||replacing|
their atomic project never worked
semakin mendapat desakan dari dalam negeri
||pressure|||
because all the best scientists
untuk mengakhiri perang tersebut
|end||
had been absorbed by the United States and Britain.
secepat mungkin.
However, instead of destroying their newly built atomic weapons,
Mengetahui hal ini,
Leo Szilard dan berbagai ilmuwan lain
||||scientists|
the United States and Britain
memohon kepada Presiden Roosevelt
to appeal to|||
instead conspired to use them in Japan.
untuk tidak menjatuhkan bom tersebut.
(Radio announcer: Navy Secretary Mr. Forrestal)
Kembali lagi Leo Szilard dan para ilmuwan
||||||scientists
(announces that it has cost)
yang terlibat dalam Proyek Manhattan
|involved|||Manhattan Project
(2,050 American lives in 15 days.)
membuat petisi.
|petition
Compared to Nazi Germany,
Kali ini,
the United States military faced
memohon kepada Presiden Truman
to appeal to|||President Truman
more resistance from the Japanese army.
untuk tidak menggunakan bom tersebut,
Kamikaze tactics,
karena perang sudah selesai.
banzai charges,
Jerman sudah menyerah
||surrender
and fanaticism towards Emperor Hirohito
dan Jepang akan segera mengikuti Jerman.
|||soon to follow||
made the Japanese attacks
Dia juga memperingati bahwa
||commemorates that|
difficult to put out without major losses.
konsekuensi dari menggunakan bom tersebut
consequence||||
adalah Amerika sendiri akan suatu saat
This was because
menjadi target.
the United Stated had already lost too many troops in Europe.
Dan era kehancuran
||destruction
dalam skala yang tidak dapat dibayangkan
|scale||||imaginable
And President Truman,
akan dimulai.
who had just replaced Roosevelt,
Tidak seperti dulu,
was under intense domestic pressure
Presiden Amerika Serikat kini
|||now
to end the war as soon as possible.
mengabaikan petisi tersebut.
ignore|petition|
Truman menganggap bahwa
Truman|considered that|that
Knowing this,
senjata yang sudah diciptakan ini
|||created|
Leo Szilard and the other scientists
harus digunakan,
successfully begged President Roosevelt
demi mengurangi korban jiwa Amerika Serikat.
to reduce|to reduce|casualties|||
to not use the bomb.
Dan pada 6 Agustus 1945,
So once again, Leo Szilard and the scientists
Amerika Serikat menjatuhkan bom atom,
||||atom
who were involved in the Manhattan Project
yang diberi nama "Little Boy" di kota Hiroshima.
|given||Little|Boy|||
made a petition.
Dan dengan sekejap,
||a moment
This time,
menewaskan ratusan ribuan penduduk lokal.
defeating||||
begging President Truman
Tiga hari kemudian,
not to use the bomb
pada 9 Agustus 1945,
as the war was essentially over.
bom lain bernama "Fat Man"
|||Fat Man|
Germany had already surrendered
dijatuhkan di Nagasaki.
and Japan would soon follow suit.
Dan membinasakan puluhan ribuan manusia lagi.
|destroying|tens of thousands|||
They also warned that
Bagi mereka yang selamat dari ledakan ini,
For those|||||explosion|
by using the bomb,
nasib malang berupa penyakit radioaktif,
fate||in the form of||radioactive
America itself would one day
kecacatan,
disability
become a target.
kemandulan,
infertility
And an era of destruction
dan trauma psikis tak terelakkan.
Pada tanggal 15 Agustus 1945,
||psychic||unavoidable|||
on an unimaginable scale
Kaisar Hirohito mengumumkan
Emperor||announced
would begin.
penyerahan Jepang dalam perang.
surrender of Japan|||
Unlike in the past,
Perang Dunia II telah berakhir.
the President of the United States
Namun,
was now ignoring the scientists' petition.
peringatan dari Szilard menjadi kenyataan.
warning||||reality
Truman believed that
Semenjak Amerika Serikat dan Inggris
Since||||
the newly formed atomic weapons
berencana membangun senjata atom,
planning to build|||
must be used
Uni Soviet telah memata-matai perkembangannya.
|||spy|spy on|its development
to prevent further loss of American lives.
Dan hanya dalam waktu 4 tahun,
And so on August 6th 1945,
Uni Soviet berhasil menguji coba
||successful|testing|
the United States dropped an atomic bomb,
senjata atomnya sendiri di Kazakhstan.
|its atomic|||Kazakhstan
nicknamed "Little Boy" on the city of Hiroshima.
Meskipun pada akhirnya
Although||
And in an instant,
senjata ini tidak pernah digunakan,
killed hundreds of thousands of local residents.
uji coba ini memberikan pesan yang gamblang.
test||||||clear message
Three days later,
Apabila Amerika Serikat dan Inggris
If||||
on August 9th 1945,
berani atau mengancam Uni Soviet,
dare||threatening||
another bomb nicknamed "Fat Man"
bersiap-siaplah mengalami
|get ready|experience
was dropped on Nagasaki.
apa yang terjadi di Hiroshima dan Nagasaki.
Again, destroying tens of thousands of human lives.
Semenjak Amerika Serikat dan Inggris
Since||||
For those who survived the explosions,
mulai bekerja sama membangun bom atom,
They still faced threats of radiation poisoning,
Uni Soviet sudah memata-matai perkembangan mereka.
|||spy on|spy|development|
disability,
Joseph Stalin menganggap Hitler sebagai musuh.
||considered|Hitler||enemy
infertility
Tapi, kapitalisme dan liberalisme
and psychological trauma.
dianggap jauh lebih berbahaya daripada Nazisme.
considered|||||Nazism
On August 15th 1945,
Pada tahun 1939,
Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's surrender.
dia menandatangani perjanjian non-agresi
|signing|agreement||
dengan Nazi Jerman sebagai cara agar Soviet
World War II had ended.
dapat diam-diam membangun kekuatan militernya,
However,
sementara Jerman meluluhlantakkan Eropa Barat.
while||devastate||
Szilard's warning came true.
Ketika dia mendapat kabar
Ever since the United States and Britain
dari mata-mata Soviet di Inggris, Donald Maclean,
||||||Donald Maclean|Donald Maclean
began building atomic weapons,
bahwa Inggris dan Amerika Serikat pernah
the USSR had been spying on their developments.
bekerja sama untuk membangun senjata nuklir,
And in just 4 years,
dia tidak segan untuk mendorong bangsanya
||hesitate|||his nation
the Soviet Union successfully tested
mengambil langkah serupa.
|step|similar
its own atomic weapon in Kazakhstan.
Dengan senjata ini,
Stalin semakin percaya diri
untuk melawan permintaan negara-negara Barat.
|counter|request|||
this act delivered a clear message.
Alih-alih membangun tatanan dunia
Instead|||order or system|
If the United States and Britain
dengan demokrasi dan liberalisme,
dared or threatened the Soviet Union,
ia akan menggunakan bom atom
they too could be obliterated
untuk menyebarluaskan Blok Komunis.
|to spread||
like what happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Perang Dunia II telah berakhir.
Since the United States and Britain
Dan Perang Dingin...telah dimulai.
began collaborating to build atomic bombs,
