Alaska's Protective Sea Ice Wall Is Crumbling because of the Аляскинская|защитная|||||разрушается||| ||||||Falling apart||| Alaska'nın|Koruyucu|||||Çöküyor||| Alaskas schützende Meereiswand bröckelt aufgrund der Το προστατευτικό τείχος θαλάσσιου πάγου της Αλάσκας καταρρέει λόγω της La pared protectora de hielo marino de Alaska se está desmoronando a causa del Le mur de protection de la glace de mer de l'Alaska s'effondre à cause de l'eau. Il muro protettivo di ghiaccio marino dell'Alaska si sta sgretolando a causa della アラスカの海氷の壁が崩れつつある。 알래스카의 보호용 해빙 벽이 무너지고 있습니다. Ochronna ściana lodu morskiego na Alasce kruszy się z powodu A muralha protetora de gelo marinho do Alasca está a desmoronar-se devido à Защитная стена морского льда на Аляске разрушается из-за Alaskas skyddande havsisvägg håller på att falla sönder på grund av Alaska'nın Koruyucu Deniz Buz Duvarı İklim Değişikliği Nedeniyle Parçalanıyor Захисна крижана стіна на Алясці руйнується через 阿拉斯加的海冰保护墙正在崩溃 阿拉斯加的海冰保護牆正在崩潰

This is __Scientific American__'s 60 Second Science. I'm Emily Schwing. |Эмили|Швинг ||last name ||Schwing olarak

**Emily Schwing:** In September, a massive storm on Alaska's western coast brought a surge of water 17 miles inland from the Bering Sea to the Cup'ik village of Chevak. ||||||шторм||||побережье|||прилив||||вглубь страны|||Берингово море||||Куп'ик|деревня Чевак||Чевак |||||||||||||flood of water||||inland|||Bering Sea||||Indigenous people|||Chevak village |||Eylül ayında||büyük çaplı|||||kıyı şeridi|||||||iç bölgelere|||Bering Denizi||||Cup'ik köyü|||Chevak köyüne

[Sounds of kids playing] |||играющих ||çocuklar|

**Davis Stone:** The storm was crazy. |Дэвис Стоун||||

**Schwing**: What was crazy about it?

**Stone:**  It flooded down there just like the sea… ||затопило|||||| ||taştı|||||| La pierre : Elle a été inondée comme la mer...

**Sean Napoleon:** It was like an ocean! Шон|||||| Sean Napoleon: O bir okyanustu!|Napolyon|||||

**Stone:** Some powers turned out and some people had to sleep at the school for three days. ||власти||||||||спать|||||| La pierre : Certains pouvoirs se sont manifestés et certaines personnes ont dû dormir à l'école pendant trois jours.

**Schwing:** Just over 900 people live in this community. |||||||сообществе It sits on a high bank above the Ninglikfak River. |находится||||берег|||река Нингликфак| ||||||||Ninglikfak| ||||||||Ninglikfak Nehri| Elder John Pingayak says the storm shook his resolve. Старейшина Джон||старший Джон Пингайак||||потрясла||решимость ||Elder John||||weakened||determination Yaşlı||Pingayak||||||kararlılık L'aîné John Pingayak dit que la tempête a ébranlé sa détermination.

**John Pingayak:** For three days, I was in turmoil because I finally realized how dangerous our situation [is] here in western Alaska. ||||||||смятении||||||опасная||||||| ||||||||kargaşa içinde|||||||||||||batı Alaska'da It's vulnerable from very high winds and a water surge. |подвержено||||ветрами||||прилив воды |||||rüzgarlar||||

**Schwing:** The impact of the storm, called Merbok, is very real for thousands of rural residents in western Alaska. |||||||Мербок|||||тысяч||сельских|жителей||| |||||||Merbok storm||||||||||| |||||||Merbok Kasırgası||||||||köylü sakinler||| Dozens of villages saw some level of flooding. десятки||деревень|||||наводнения |||||||su baskını People lost power, causing chest freezers to defrost. ||электричество|что привело к|морозильники|морозильники||разморозиться ||||freezer compartment|Chest freezers||thaw out |||||dondurucular||çözülmek |||powodując|||| Des personnes ont été privées d'électricité, ce qui a entraîné le dégivrage des congélateurs. The power outages destroyed months of subsistence foods that people spent their summers storing up. ||отключения электроэнергии|уничтожили|||продовольственного запаса|||||||хранения| ||||||basic survival needs|||||||| ||elektrik kesintileri||||geçimlik gıdalar|gıdalar|||||yaz ayları|depolamak| Les pannes d'électricité ont détruit des mois d'aliments de subsistance que les gens passaient leur été à stocker.

Food security in this part of the state is precarious. |безопасность пищи||||||государстве||неустойчивая |||||||||Unstable |||||||||Tehlikede |||||||||niepewny And on top of defrosted freezers, nearly all of the 90 or so boats people use to go fishing and hunting for their main sources of food in Chevak were damaged or destroyed. ||||размороженных||почти||||||лодки|||||рыбалка||||||источников пищи||||||повреждены||уничтожены ||||thawed out||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||çözülmüş||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||odmrożonych||||||||||||||||||||||||||| En plus des congélateurs dégivrés, la quasi-totalité des quelque 90 bateaux utilisés par les habitants de Chevak pour pêcher et chasser, leur principale source de nourriture, ont été endommagés ou détruits. Pingayak says the losses are devastating. |||||разрушительные |||kayıplar||yıkıcı

**Pingayak:** It's our survival. |||hayatta kalma Pingayak : C'est notre survie. If I'm Cup'ik, subsistence is mine. |||проживание||моя (принадлежит мне) |||geçim kaynağı|| |||utrzymanie|| That's me. That's—subsistence is me because I'm the one that's going out and fishing. La subsistance, c'est moi, parce que c'est moi qui vais pêcher. I'm the one that's going out and hunting for my family. C'est moi qui vais chasser pour ma famille. And we do it for a livelihood and survival. ||||||средство к существованию|| ||||||geçim kaynağı|| ||||||źródło utrzymania|| Et nous le faisons pour gagner notre vie et survivre.

**Clinton Slats:** When the flood came in, it filled up with water, and then it drifted over and sunk right on the river channel. Клинтон(1)||||наводнение|||||||||||поплыло|||погрузилась|||||русло реки |Clinton Slats||||||||||||||moved slowly|||||||| Clinton Slats|Slats||||||||||||||sürüklenip gitti|||batmak||||| Clinton Slats : Lorsque la crue est arrivée, il s'est rempli d'eau, puis il a dérivé et s'est enfoncé directement dans le chenal de la rivière.

**Schwing:** Clinton Slats was in Chevak's community hall days after the storm to report his losses to two employees who the village's tribal council had hired to take reports on the damage. |||||Чевака||||||||сообщить о|||||сотрудникам|||деревенского|племенной|совет племени||наняли|||отчеты||| |||||Chevak community||||||||||||||||the village's|indigenous governing body||||||||| |||||Chevak'ın|||||||||||||çalışanlar|||köyün|kabileye ait|kabile konseyi||tutmuştu|||||| Schwing : Clinton Slats s'est rendu dans la salle communale de Chevak quelques jours après la tempête pour déclarer ses pertes à deux employés que le conseil tribal du village avait engagés pour établir des rapports sur les dégâts. He wasn't sure if he'd be able to retrieve his boat from the bottom of the Ninglikfak River. ||||||||достать||лодка|||дно|||| ||||geri alabileceğinden||||geri almak||||||||| Il n'était pas sûr de pouvoir récupérer son bateau au fond de la rivière Ninglikfak.

**Slats:** It's hard to put into words how much it impacts us. ||||||||||влияет на| ||||||||||etkiliyor| Les lattes : Il est difficile d'exprimer avec des mots l'impact que cela a sur nous. I have no way to go hunt and gather with the remainder of the season now by boat. ||||||охотиться|||||остатком сезона|||сезона (1)||| ||||||||toplamak||||||||| Je n'ai aucun moyen d'aller chasser et cueillir, le reste de la saison se faisant désormais par bateau.

**Schwing:** The storm didn't just destroy boats and motors. |||||разрушить|||моторы Nearly a dozen fishing sheds that held all sorts of gear from rifles to nets, gas cans and rain gear were destroyed. ||десяток||сараев||содержали||разнообразие||снаряжение||винтовки||сети|газовые баллоны|газовые баллоны||дождевое снаряжение|одежда для дождя|| ||||storage buildings||||||equipment||firearms||||||||| ||yaklaşık bir düzine||balıkçı kulübeleri||||||malzeme||||ağlar||benzin bidonları||||| Près d'une douzaine d'abris de pêche qui contenaient toutes sortes de matériel, des fusils aux filets, en passant par les bidons d'essence et les vêtements de pluie, ont été détruits. Some had completely disappeared from the riverbank. |||исчезли|||берег реки ||||||shoreline ||||||nehir kıyısı ||||||brzeg rzeki

Elsewhere across Alaska, summer fish camps and hunting cabins were destroyed. В других местах|||летние||рыболовные лагеря|||охотничьи домики|| ||||||||hunting lodges|| |||||kamplar|||avcı kulübeleri|| Ailleurs en Alaska, des camps de pêche d'été et des cabanes de chasse ont été détruits. And because the storm arrived in Alaska before the ground was frozen, coastal erosion was extreme. |||||||||||замерзла|прибрежная|эрозия берегов||крайняя ||||||||||||coastline-related|coastal wear|| |||||||||||donmuş halde|kıyı şeridi||| Et comme la tempête est arrivée en Alaska avant que le sol ne soit gelé, l'érosion côtière a été extrême.

**Rick Thoman:** And so, of course, it's much easier to erode material that doesn't even have any ice in there to help stabilize it even a little, as compared to the same storm, say, now, where things have started to freeze up. |Рик Томан|||||||||размывать||||||||||||стабилизировать||||||||||||||||||замерзать| |Rick Thoman|||||||||||||||||||||reinforce||||||||||||||||||| Rick Thoman|Rick Thoman|||||||||aşındırmak||||||||||||dengede tutmak||||||kıyasla||||||||||||donmak üzere|

**Schwing:** That's Rick Thoman, a climate specialist at the Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. |||||||||||||||||||||Fairbanks, Alaska ||||||||||||İklim uzmanı|||||||||Fairbanks Üniversitesi

**Thoman:** But the warming oceans contribute to that longer period of time before freeze up gets going. |||||lead to||||||||||| ||||okyanuslar|katkıda bulunmak||||||||||| Thoman : Mais le réchauffement des océans contribue à allonger la période de gel. And that again is something that is sure to continue into the future.” Et cela ne manquera pas de se poursuivre à l'avenir".

**Schwing:** He says conditions this year in the south Pacific were ripe for the development of a storm like Merbok. |||||||||||сприятливые|||||||| |||||||||||favorable|||||||| |||||||||||olgunlaşmış|||||||| ||||||||||były||||||||| Schwing : Selon lui, les conditions de cette année dans le Pacifique Sud étaient propices au développement d'une tempête comme Merbok.

**Thoman:** Historically, the waters in that part of the subtropical Pacific are just not warm enough to support typhoon development. |||||||||subtropical|||||||||| |||sular||||||subtropikal|||||||||tayfun oluşumu| ||||||||||||||||||tajfun| But this year much of the subtropical Pacific east of Japan is far warmer than normal. |||||||||||||daha sıcak|| Mais cette année, une grande partie du Pacifique subtropical à l'est du Japon est beaucoup plus chaude que la normale. Some areas are the warmest on record. ||||en sıcak|| Certaines régions sont les plus chaudes jamais enregistrées.

**Schwing:** This storm was rare. ||||редкий Alaska hasn't seen anything like it in 50 years. |görmedi|||||| Dozens of rural communities saw infrastructure damage in addition to flooding. Onlarca|||köy toplulukları||||||| Many scientists, including Thoman, believe the storm, which originated as a typhoon in the northwestern Pacific, is a harbinger of what climate change could bring to the northernmost U.S. ||||||||||||||||||предвестник||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||omen of change|||||||||most northern|| ||||||||||||||||||habercisi|||||||||en kuzeydeki|| ||||||||||||||||||zapowiedź||||||||||| De nombreux scientifiques, dont M. Thoman, estiment que cette tempête, qui a pris naissance sous la forme d'un typhon dans le nord-ouest du Pacifique, est un signe avant-coureur de ce que le changement climatique pourrait apporter à la partie la plus septentrionale des États-Unis. state in coming years.

**Thoman:** Certainly we know a big contributor to the increased impacts isn't that there are more storms, but storms are coming when there's no sea ice. ||||||katkıda bulunan||||||||||||||||||| Thoman : Nous savons que l'augmentation des impacts n'est pas due au fait qu'il y a plus de tempêtes, mais que les tempêtes surviennent lorsqu'il n'y a pas de glace de mer.

**Schwing:** As the coldest months of winter bear down on Alaska, there's still currently no significant shore-fast sea ice along Alaska's Bering Sea coast or farther north along the shoreline of the southern Chukchi Sea other than around the mouths of rivers. ||||||||||||||||coastline|attached to shore|||"next to"|||||||farther north|||coastline|||southern Chukchi Sea|Chukchi Sea|||||||| |||en soğuk aylar|||||||||||||||||||||||||||kıyı şeridi||||Çukçi Denizi|||||||| Schwing : Alors que les mois les plus froids de l'hiver s'abattent sur l'Alaska, il n'y a toujours pas de glace de mer côtière significative le long de la côte de la mer de Béring de l'Alaska ou plus au nord le long du littoral du sud de la mer des Tchouktches, à l'exception de l'embouchure des fleuves. It's a phenomenon that has become the norm in recent years. |||||||norm haline geldi|||

**Thoman:** In the 20th century, there would have been sea ice to offer protection or act as a buffer or a wave break. Thoman : Au 20e siècle, il y aurait eu de la glace de mer pour offrir une protection ou agir comme un tampon ou un brise-vagues. And with that gone, the impacts have increased.

**Schwing:** After Merbok developed as a powerful typhoon, it made its way north and east toward Alaska. Schwing : Après s'être transformé en un puissant typhon, Merbok s'est dirigé vers le nord et l'est, en direction de l'Alaska. As it did so, it grew into something meteorologists really don't even have a word for. ||||||||weather experts||||||| |bunu yaparken|||||||meteorologlar||||||| Some people called it the “remnants” of a typhoon. |||||остатки||| |||||leftover effects||| |||||kalıntıları||| Certains l'ont appelé les "restes" d'un typhon. Thoman referred to it as an “ex-typhoon.” but that kind of language doesn't do justice in describing its power or immensity. |||||||||||||||справедливость||||||огромность |||||||||||||||||||||vastness |bahsetti||||||||||||||||||||büyüklüğü By the time it slammed into Alaska, it had tripled in size alone. ||||врезалось|||||||| ||||crashed into|||||||| ||||çarptığında|||||||| Au moment où il est entré en collision avec l'Alaska, il avait déjà triplé de taille.

**Thoman:** Over the long term, there's not any good, hard evidence of the intensity of these storms increasing. |||||||||||||strength|||| |||||||||||||şiddet|||| But the background they're working in—a warmer environment, a less frozen environment—is really, I think, the driver of the impacts. ||||||||||||çevre|||||||||

**Schwing:** Residents in dozens of western Alaskan communities continue to repair damaged homes and outbuildings and to apply for disaster assistance through the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the state government and other organizations. ||||||||||||||additional structures|||||||||||||||||| ||||||Alaska'ya ait||||||||ek binalar|||||||||Federal||||||||| Schwing : Les habitants de dizaines de communautés de l'ouest de l'Alaska continuent de réparer les maisons et les dépendances endommagées et de demander une aide en cas de catastrophe auprès de l'Agence fédérale de gestion des urgences, du gouvernement de l'État et d'autres organisations. What Merbok laid bare is their vulnerability and the extreme need for improved and strengthened infrastructure as such storms become the new normal in the region. Что|Мербок|обнажила|обнажила||их|уязвимость||||||||укрепленной||||||||||| ||||||susceptibility||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||güçlendirilmiş||||||||||| Ce que Merbok a mis en évidence, c'est leur vulnérabilité et l'extrême nécessité d'améliorer et de renforcer les infrastructures à mesure que de telles tempêtes deviennent la nouvelle norme dans la région.

For 60-Second Science, I'm Emily Schwing.