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365 Short Essays, 59. Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement

59. Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement

Rosa Parks is a prime example of how an ordinary American can change the world around her. She was born in 1913, in the southern state of Alabama. Parks became famous for challenging a discriminatory policy in the city of Montgomery, Alabama. During the 1950s, Black Americans in the south were not allowed to ride in the front seats of public buses if a white person needed that seat. Blacks were expected to get out of their seats, and go to the back of the bus, which was designated as "Colored Only." On December 1, 1955, Parks refused to obey the bus drivers order to surrender her seat to a white passenger who had boarded the bus. Even though Parks was seated in the Colored Only section, the bus was filled, and she was required by law to give her seat to the white rider. Parks was arrested, and charged with civil disobedience. She later said she had grown "tired of giving in." Her arrest and subsequent trial made Parks a national symbol for the Civil Rights Movement. Her arrest also lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott that was a political and social protest campaign against racial segregation. Although the boycott only lasted 21 days, it was instrumental in the Supreme Court decision to declare Alabama's practice of segregation unconstitutional. Parks has remained a symbol for the Civil Rights Movement even after her death in 2005 at the age of 92. She has been called the "First Lady of Civil Rights," by the United States Congress, and "The Mother of the Freedom Movement." She has been honored by the U.S. Government with prestigious awards such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and Congressional Gold Medal. She has been honored with her own museum in Michigan, and has received several other civil rights awards both before and after her death.

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59. Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement 59\. روزا باركس وحركة الحقوق المدنية 59. Rosa Parks ve Sivil Haklar Hareketi

Rosa Parks is a prime example of how an ordinary American can change the world around her. روزا باركس هي مثال رئيسي على كيف يمكن لأميركي عادي أن يغير العالم من حوله. She was born in 1913, in the southern state of Alabama. ولدت عام 1913 في ولاية ألاباما الجنوبية. Parks became famous for challenging a discriminatory policy in the city of Montgomery, Alabama. اشتهرت المتنزهات بتحدي السياسة التمييزية في مدينة مونتغمري ، ألاباما. During the 1950s, Black Americans in the south were not allowed to ride in the front seats of public buses if a white person needed that seat. خلال الخمسينيات من القرن الماضي ، لم يُسمح للأمريكيين السود في الجنوب بالركوب في المقاعد الأمامية للحافلات العامة إذا احتاج شخص أبيض إلى ذلك المقعد. Blacks were expected to get out of their seats, and go to the back of the bus, which was designated as "Colored Only." كان من المتوقع أن يخرج السود من مقاعدهم ، والتوجه إلى الجزء الخلفي من الحافلة ، والتي تم تصنيفها على أنها "ملونة فقط". On December 1, 1955, Parks refused to obey the bus drivers order to surrender her seat to a white passenger who had boarded the bus. في 1 ديسمبر 1955 ، رفضت باركس الانصياع لأمر سائقي الحافلات بتسليم مقعدها لراكب أبيض كان قد استقل الحافلة. Even though Parks was seated in the Colored Only section, the bus was filled, and she was required by law to give her seat to the white rider. على الرغم من أن المتنزهات كانت جالسة في قسم الملونون فقط ، إلا أن الحافلة كانت ممتلئة ، وكان مطلوبًا منها بموجب القانون إعطاء مقعدها للراكب الأبيض. Parks was arrested, and charged with civil disobedience. She later said she had grown "tired of giving in." وقالت في وقت لاحق إنها "تعبت من الاستسلام". Her arrest and subsequent trial made Parks a national symbol for the Civil Rights Movement. جعل اعتقالها ومحاكمتها اللاحقة باركس رمزًا وطنيًا لحركة الحقوق المدنية. Her arrest also lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott that was a political and social protest campaign against racial segregation. أدى اعتقالها أيضًا إلى مقاطعة حافلات مونتغمري التي كانت عبارة عن حملة احتجاج سياسية واجتماعية ضد الفصل العنصري. Although the boycott only lasted 21 days, it was instrumental in the Supreme Court decision to declare Alabama's practice of segregation unconstitutional. على الرغم من أن المقاطعة استمرت 21 يومًا فقط ، إلا أنها كانت مفيدة في قرار المحكمة العليا بإعلان أن ممارسة ألاباما للفصل العنصري غير دستورية. Parks has remained a symbol for the Civil Rights Movement even after her death in 2005 at the age of 92. ظلت المتنزهات رمزًا لحركة الحقوق المدنية حتى بعد وفاتها عام 2005 عن عمر يناهز 92 عامًا. She has been called the "First Lady of Civil Rights," by the United States Congress, and "The Mother of the Freedom Movement." أطلق عليها كونغرس الولايات المتحدة لقب "السيدة الأولى للحقوق المدنية" و "أم حركة الحرية". She has been honored by the U.S. تم تكريمها من قبل الولايات المتحدة Government with prestigious awards such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and Congressional Gold Medal. الحكومة بجوائز مرموقة مثل الميدالية الرئاسية للحرية ، والميدالية الذهبية للكونغرس. She has been honored with her own museum in Michigan, and has received several other civil rights awards both before and after her death.