The Awakening of Europe, 11. The Massacre of Bartholomew

11. The Massacre of Bartholomew

" 'Twas pitiful, 'twas wondrous pitiful." —SHAKSPERE.

But the Netherlands was not the only place where persecution for religion was going on. Though Spain and the Netherlands lay paralysed under the heavy hand of the Inquisition, yet France and England were taking part, together with the rest of Europe, in the struggle between Protestants and Roman Catholics. And this very year, when the Protestants seemed to be gaining ground in the Netherlands, France was to be stained with a crime which can never be forgotten, and which historians must always remember, as one of the greatest blots in the annals of mankind. This was the wholesale massacre of the Protestants, or Huguenots as they were called, in France, on a terrible summer night in the year 1572.

Francis, King of France, had left a delicate little brother to succeed him on the throne, and his mother, Catherine de Medici, was to govern the kingdom till the boy Charles was old enough and strong enough to rule it himself. She was a rigid Roman Catholic, and hated the Huguenots with her whole heart. Indeed, like her neighbour Philip over the Pyrenees, she made up her mind to crush them out of the country.

The leaders of the French Huguenots were the young Henry of Navarre and the Prince of Condé, and it was against these two that Catherine de Medici plotted. She planned a marriage between her daughter Margaret and young Henry of Navarre, the former being a Roman Catholic, the latter a Huguenot. It seemed strange to those who looked on, and men grew to suspect the motives of the Queen-Regent.

"We shall marry the two religions," said the young King of France, who was entirely under his mother's control. Still, amid murmurs of discontent, the wedding preparations went forward, until the day arrived for Henry, now King of Navarre, to come to Paris for his bride. Attended by the Prince of Condé, the old warrior Huguenot Admiral Coligny, and 800 distinguished followers, the King of Navarre rode into the French capital, his handsome face and winning smile attracting all alike. Still there were murmurs of disapproval, and the air was heavy with evil rumours.

The wedding-day came. It was the 18th of August, a glorious summer morning. Cannons roared, bells rang out from every steeple, crowds lined the street as King Henry, dressed in pale yellow satin adorned with silver and pearls, led out his young bride. It was a gorgeous sight. Bishops and archbishops led the way in robes of gold, cardinals in scarlet, knights blazing with orders, officers of State—all added to the splendour of the sight.

The next three days were spent in festivities. All seemed peace and goodwill. The young king, Charles IX., was making friends with the Admiral Coligny; he already loved his new brother-in-law, Henry of Navarre. Catherine grew alarmed lest her plot should, after all, fail, and her own power over the young king should wane. She gave orders for the Admiral Coligny to be killed. Her commands were imperfectly carried out. The Admiral was badly wounded, but not killed. When Charles heard the news he was in an agony of surprise and fear. His mother was in a panic. Huguenots gathered in angry crowds and discussed the deed, Henry of Navarre vowed vengeance on the would-be murderer.

It was after dinner on the 23rd of August that Catherine led her son outside into the private gardens of the Tuileries to unfold her plan. The time, she said, was ripe. Eight thousand Huguenots were in Paris breathing revenge. In one hour the whole hated body of them might be put to death. To this the young king's sanction must be obtained. And first of all Coligny must be killed. Charles burst into one of his fits of passion.

"Woe to any one who touches a hair of his head!" he cried. "He is the only friend I have, save my brother of Navarre." But Catherine would not give in. She knew she must conquer at last. And she did. Lashed into a frenzy, the young king started to his feet.

"Kill the Admiral, then, if you like!" he screamed; "but kill all the Huguenots with him—all—all—all, so that not one be left to reproach me with this deed." The word was spoken. There was no time to lose. Hastily through the darkness of the starless summer night preparations went forward.

"Let every true Catholic tie a white band on his arm, put a white cross on his cap, and begin the vengeance of God," went forth the order. The signal was to be given by the great bell of the Palace of Justice at two o'clock in the morning. Soon after midnight Catherine went to her son. He was pacing his room in an agony of passion, swearing the Huguenots should not die.

"It is too late to retreat, even if it were possible," declared Catherine. Feverishly mother and son awaited the signal. As the harsh sound of the bell rang through the silent summer night the uproar began. The sound of clanging bells, crashing doors, musket-shots was followed by the shrieks of the victims and the yells of the crowd, till the stoutest hearts quailed and the strongest trembled. Shaking in every limb, the poor young king shouted for the massacre to be stopped. It was too late. Already beacon-fires had sent the signal through the land of France.

Old men, young girls, helpless children, were alike smitten down. Through the long dark night the slaughter continued, until Paris was such a scene of terror as human eyes have rarely seen.

In vain did Charles order the massacre to be stopped at the end of one day. It was continued for a whole week, till some 80,000 Huguenots had been slain.

And "the heart of Protestant Europe stood still with horror."

11. The Massacre of Bartholomew |巴尔托洛缪大屠杀||巴尔托洛缪 11. Das Massaker von Bartholomäus 11. La masacre de Bartolomé 11. Le massacre de Barthélemy 11. Il massacro di Bartolomeo 11.バーソロミューの虐殺 11) Masakra Bartłomieja 11. O Massacre de Bartolomeu 11. Варфоломеевская резня 11. Bartholomew Katliamı 11. Різанина Варфоломія 11. 巴塞洛缪大屠杀 11. 巴塞洛繆大屠殺

" 'Twas pitiful, 'twas wondrous pitiful." 这是|可怜的||奇妙| it was|pitiful||| |lamentable||| "C'était pitoyable, c'était merveilleusement pitoyable." "Era pietoso, era meravigliosamente pietoso". 「『哀れだった』、『不思議な哀れだった』。 «Это было жалко, было чудесно жалко». "‘真是可悲，真是奇妙的可悲。'" —SHAKSPERE. 莎士比亚 —莎士比亚。

But the Netherlands was not the only place where persecution for religion was going on. |||||||||迫害||||进行| 但是，迫害宗教的情况并不仅仅发生在荷兰。 Though Spain and the Netherlands lay paralysed under the heavy hand of the Inquisition, yet France and England were taking part, together with the rest of Europe, in the struggle between Protestants and Roman Catholics. |||||躺|瘫痪|||沉重的||||||||||参与||||||||||||||| And this very year, when the Protestants seemed to be gaining ground in the Netherlands, France was to be stained with a crime which can never be forgotten, and which historians must always remember, as one of the greatest blots in the annals of mankind. 和||非常||||||||获得|势力||||||||染污||||||||||||||||||||污点|||历史记载|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||年報|| Et cette année même, alors que les protestants semblaient gagner du terrain aux Pays-Bas, la France allait être souillée par un crime qui ne pourra jamais être oublié, et dont les historiens se souviendront toujours, comme l'une des plus grandes taches dans les annales de l'humanité. This was the wholesale massacre of the Protestants, or Huguenots as they were called, in France, on a terrible summer night in the year 1572. |||批发||||||胡格诺派|||||||||||||| |||wholesale|||||||||||||||||||| Il s'agit du massacre des protestants, ou huguenots comme on les appelait, en France, lors d'une terrible nuit d'été de l'année 1572. Este foi o massacre em massa dos protestantes, ou huguenotes como eram chamados, na França, em uma terrível noite de verão no ano de 1572.

Francis, King of France, had left a delicate little brother to succeed him on the throne, and his mother, Catherine de Medici, was to govern the kingdom till the boy Charles was old enough and strong enough to rule it himself. 弗朗西斯|||||||脆弱的||||||||||||凯瑟琳||||||||||||||||||||| François, roi de France, avait laissé un petit frère délicat pour lui succéder sur le trône, et sa mère, Catherine de Médicis, devait gouverner le royaume jusqu'à ce que le jeune Charles soit assez grand et assez fort pour le gouverner lui-même. 法国国王弗朗西斯留下了一个娇弱的小弟弟继承王位，他的母亲凯瑟琳·德·美第奇将统治王国，直到小查尔斯长大到足以自己统治。 She was a rigid Roman Catholic, and hated the Huguenots with her whole heart. |||严格|||||||||| |||||||||ユグノー|||| Catholique rigide, elle haïssait les huguenots de tout son cœur. 她是一个严格的罗马天主教徒，发自内心地仇恨胡格诺教徒。 Indeed, like her neighbour Philip over the Pyrenees, she made up her mind to crush them out of the country. |||||在|||||||||||||| En effet, à l'instar de son voisin Philip, de l'autre côté des Pyrénées, elle a décidé de les expulser du pays. 实际上，就像她在比利牛斯山那边的邻居菲利普一样，她下定决心要将他们驱逐出境。

The leaders of the French Huguenots were the young Henry of Navarre and the Prince of Condé, and it was against these two that Catherine de Medici plotted. ||||||||||||||||||||反对||||||| 法国胡格诺派的领袖是年轻的纳瓦尔的亨利和孔戴亲王，凯瑟琳·德·美第奇针对的正是这两位。 She planned a marriage between her daughter Margaret and young Henry of Navarre, the former being a Roman Catholic, the latter a Huguenot. ||||||||||||||||||||后者|| Elle prévoit un mariage entre sa fille Marguerite et le jeune Henri de Navarre, la première étant catholique, le second huguenot. 她计划让女儿玛格丽特与年轻的纳瓦尔的亨利结婚，前者是罗马天主教徒，而后者是胡格诺派。 It seemed strange to those who looked on, and men grew to suspect the motives of the Queen-Regent. ||||||观看的人||||变得||||动机|||| Cela paraissait étrange à ceux qui regardaient, et les hommes en vinrent à soupçonner les motifs de la Reine-Régente. 見ている人には奇妙に見え、男性は女王摂政の動機を疑うようになりました。看在眼里的人觉得这很奇怪，人们开始怀疑摄政王后的动机。

"We shall marry the two religions," said the young King of France, who was entirely under his mother's control. ||结合|||||||||||||||| "Nous marierons les deux religions", dit le jeune roi de France, entièrement soumis à sa mère. Still, amid murmurs of discontent, the wedding preparations went forward, until the day arrived for Henry, now King of Navarre, to come to Paris for his bride. 仍然|在……中|低语||||||进行|向前||||||||||||||||| ||||discontent|||||||||||||||||||||| 尽管对于不满的低语仍在继续，婚礼准备依然进行，直到亨利，现在的纳瓦尔国王，来到巴黎迎接他的 bride。 Attended by the Prince of Condé, the old warrior Huguenot Admiral Coligny, and 800 distinguished followers, the King of Navarre rode into the French capital, his handsome face and winning smile attracting all alike. |由|||||||战士|||科利尼||杰出的人|||||||||||||||迷人的||吸引|所有人| Accompagné du prince de Condé, du vieux guerrier huguenot, l'amiral Coligny, et de 800 partisans distingués, le roi de Navarre entre dans la capitale française, son beau visage et son sourire séduisant attirant tous les regards. 由孔代王子、老战士胡格诺派的海军上将科利尼及800名杰出追随者陪同，纳瓦尔国王骑马进入法国首都，他英俊的面容和迷人的微笑吸引了所有人。 Still there were murmurs of disapproval, and the air was heavy with evil rumours. ||||||||||||邪恶| Pourtant, des murmures de désapprobation se font entendre et l'air est lourd de rumeurs malveillantes. 然而，仍然有不满的低语，空气中弥漫着恶劣的谣言。

The wedding-day came. It was the 18th of August, a glorious summer morning. Cannons roared, bells rang out from every steeple, crowds lined the street as King Henry, dressed in pale yellow satin adorned with silver and pearls, led out his young bride. 大炮|咆哮||响起||||尖塔||排成行|||作为|||||||缎子|装饰||||珍珠||||| 大炮轰鸣，钟声从每个教堂尖顶传出，人群在街道旁列队，亨利国王穿着飘逸的淡黄色缎子，饰以银和珍珠，带着年轻的新娘走出。 It was a gorgeous sight. |||美丽的|景象 C'était un spectacle magnifique. 这是一幅华丽的景象。 Bishops and archbishops led the way in robes of gold, cardinals in scarlet, knights blazing with orders, officers of State—all added to the splendour of the sight. |||引领||||长袍|||红衣主教||猩红||闪耀||勋章|官员||国家|||||||| Les évêques et archevêques ouvrent la marche en robe d'or, les cardinaux en écarlate, les chevaliers bardés d'ordres, les officiers d'État, tous ajoutent à la splendeur du spectacle. 身着金色长袍的主教和大主教在前面引路，红衣主教穿着猩红色的长袍，骑士们发出命令，国家官员——所有这些都增添了这一景象的辉煌。主教和大主教身穿金色长袍走在前面，红衣主教身着猩红色，骑士们则身披勋章，国家官员们——所有这一切都增添了景象的辉煌。

The next three days were spent in festivities. |||||花费||庆祝活动接下来的三天都在庆祝活动中度过。 All seemed peace and goodwill. ||||善意 La paix et la bonne volonté semblaient être au rendez-vous. 一切似乎都是和平与善意。 The young king, Charles IX., was making friends with the Admiral Coligny; he already loved his new brother-in-law, Henry of Navarre. |||||||||||||||||兄弟||||| Le jeune roi Charles IX se lie d'amitié avec l'amiral Coligny ; il aime déjà son nouveau beau-frère, Henri de Navarre. 年轻的国王查理九世正在与海军上将科利尼交朋友；他已经爱上了他的姐夫纳瓦尔的亨利。 Catherine grew alarmed lest her plot should, after all, fail, and her own power over the young king should wane. |||||阴谋|应该|||失败|||||控制||||| Catherine s'inquiète de l'échec de son complot et de l'affaiblissement de son pouvoir sur le jeune roi. キャサリンは、結局のところ、彼女の陰謀が失敗し、若い王に対する彼女自身の力が衰えないように、警戒を強めました。 Catarina ficou alarmada com receio de que seu plano, afinal de contas, fracassasse, e seu poder sobre o jovem rei diminuísse. 凯瑟琳感到担忧，担心她的阴谋最终会失败，以及她对年轻国王的权力会减弱。 She gave orders for the Admiral Coligny to be killed. 彼女はコリニー提督の殺害を命じた。她下令杀死科利尼将军。 Her commands were imperfectly carried out. |||不完全地|| Ses ordres sont imparfaitement exécutés. 她的命令执行得不够完善。 The Admiral was badly wounded, but not killed. ||||受伤||| L'amiral est gravement blessé, mais pas tué. When Charles heard the news he was in an agony of surprise and fear. |||||||||极度痛苦|||| 当查尔斯听到这个消息时，他感到极度惊讶和恐惧。 His mother was in a panic. |||||恐慌他的母亲陷入了恐慌。 Huguenots gathered in angry crowds and discussed the deed, Henry of Navarre vowed vengeance on the would-be murderer. |||愤怒|||||||||发誓|复仇|||||谋杀者 Les huguenots se rassemblent en foules furieuses et discutent de l'acte, tandis qu'Henri de Navarre jure de se venger du meurtrier en puissance. ユグノーは怒った群衆の中に集まり、その行為について話し合った。アンリ4世は、殺人者になることへの復讐を誓った。 Huguenotes se reuniram em multidões enfurecidas e discutiram a ação, Henrique de Navarra jurou vingar-se do pretenso assassino. 胡格诺派聚集在愤怒的人群中讨论这一事件，纳瓦尔的亨利誓言要报复那个想要谋杀他的人。

It was after dinner on the 23rd of August that Catherine led her son outside into the private gardens of the Tuileries to unfold her plan. |||||||||||||||||||||杜乐丽花园||展开|| Le 23 août, après le dîner, Catherine emmène son fils dans les jardins privés des Tuileries pour lui exposer son plan. The time, she said, was ripe. |||||ripe Eight thousand Huguenots were in Paris breathing revenge. ||||||呼吸复仇|复仇 Huit mille huguenots sont à Paris pour se venger. 8000人のユグノーがパリに復讐を果たしていた。八千名胡格诺人在巴黎呼吸着复仇的气息。 In one hour the whole hated body of them might be put to death. |||||被厌恶的|||||||| En une heure, tout ce corps détesté pourrait être mis à mort. 1時間で彼らの嫌われている体全体が死刑にされるかもしれません。在一个小时内，他们整个被仇恨的团体可能会被处死。 To this the young king's sanction must be obtained. |||||批准|||获得 Pour cela, il faut obtenir l'accord du jeune roi. これには、若い王の制裁が必要です。对此，年轻国王的批准必须获得。 And first of all Coligny must be killed. そしてまず第一に、コリニーは殺されなければなりません。 Charles burst into one of his fits of passion. |爆发||||他的|发作|| Charles entre alors dans une de ses crises de passion. チャールズは彼の情熱の1つに突入しました。 Charles explodiu em um de seus ataques de paixão. Charles tutku nöbetlerinden birine girdi. 查尔斯爆发出一阵激情。

"Woe to any one who touches a hair of his head!" |||||触碰||||| "Malheur à celui qui touche à un cheveu de sa tête ! 「頭の毛に触れた人は誰にでも災いを！」 "Onun saçının teline dokunanın vay haline!" “任何碰自己一根头发的人都有祸了！” “祸害任何敢碰他一根头发的人！” he cried. 他喊道。 "He is the only friend I have, save my brother of Navarre." "C'est mon seul ami, à part mon frère de Navarre." But Catherine would not give in. ||||让| Mais Catherine ne veut pas céder. しかし、キャサリンは屈服しませんでした。 She knew she must conquer at last. Elle sait qu'elle doit enfin vaincre. And she did. Lashed into a frenzy, the young king started to his feet. 激动不已|||||||站了起来||| 叩きつけられた|||||||||| Pris de frénésie, le jeune roi se lève. 狂乱に突入した若い王は立ち上がった。年轻的国王陷入疯狂，站了起来。

"Kill the Admiral, then, if you like!" 「それなら、お望みなら提督を殺せ！」 he screamed; "but kill all the Huguenots with him—all—all—all, so that not one be left to reproach me with this deed." |尖叫||||||||||||||||||指责|||| Il s'écria : "Mais tuez tous les huguenots avec lui, tous, tous, pour qu'il n'en reste pas un seul qui puisse me reprocher cet acte". 彼は叫んだ。「しかし、彼と一緒にすべてのユグノーを殺しなさい。そうすれば、この行為で私を非難するために誰も残されないように。」 The word was spoken. 这个||| Le mot a été prononcé. 这个词被说出来了。 There was no time to lose. 没有时间可耽搁。 Hastily through the darkness of the starless summer night preparations went forward. 匆忙地|||黑暗|||无星|||准备工作|进行|进行星のない夏の夜の闇の中を急いで準備が進んだ。在无星的夏夜黑暗中，准备工作匆忙进行。

"Let every true Catholic tie a white band on his arm, put a white cross on his cap, and begin the vengeance of God," went forth the order. ||||tie|||带|||||||cross|||||||||||went out|| "Que chaque vrai catholique s'attache un bandeau blanc au bras, mette une croix blanche sur son bonnet et commence la vengeance de Dieu", dit l'ordre. 「すべての真のカトリック教徒が彼の腕に白い帯を結び、彼の帽子に白い十字架を置き、そして神の復讐を始めましょう」と命令が出されました。 "让每位真正的天主教徒在手臂上绑上白色的带子，在帽子上放一个白色的十字架，开始上帝的复仇，"命令发布了。 The signal was to be given by the great bell of the Palace of Justice at two o'clock in the morning. |signal||||given||||||the|||justice|||||| 信号将在凌晨两点由法庭的大钟发出。 Soon after midnight Catherine went to her son. ||mezzanotte||||| 午夜后不久，凯瑟琳去见了她的儿子。 He was pacing his room in an agony of passion, swearing the Huguenots should not die. ||pacing|||||||passion|cursing||||| ||歩き回っていた||||||||||||| Il arpente sa chambre dans une agonie de passion, jurant que les huguenots ne doivent pas mourir. 彼は、ユグノーが死ぬべきではないと誓って、情熱の苦しみの中で自分の部屋を歩き回っていました。他在自己的房间里徘徊，痛苦地发誓胡格诺派决不能死。

"It is too late to retreat, even if it were possible," declared Catherine. |||||||||was|||Catherine "即使可能，现在也太晚了，"凯瑟琳宣称。 Feverishly mother and son awaited the signal. feverishly||||aspettavano|| 熱狂的に母と息子が合図を待っていた。母亲和儿子紧张地等待着信号。 As the harsh sound of the bell rang through the silent summer night the uproar began. ||||||||||||||tumult| Alors que le son dur de la cloche retentit dans la nuit d'été silencieuse, le tumulte commence. 静かな夏の夜、鐘の耳障りな音が鳴り響くと、騒ぎが始まりました。 The sound of clanging bells, crashing doors, musket-shots was followed by the shrieks of the victims and the yells of the crowd, till the stoutest hearts quailed and the strongest trembled. |||clanging||crashing||moschetti|shots||||the|shrieks|||le vittime|||yells = the loud shouts||||||bravest|hearts|quailed|||strongest|tremavano = they trembled |||||||||||||||||||||||||最も勇敢な|||||| Le bruit des cloches qui s'entrechoquent, des portes qui se brisent, des tirs de mousquet est suivi par les cris des victimes et les hurlements de la foule, jusqu'à ce que les cœurs les plus solides s'affolent et que les plus forts tremblent. 鐘を鳴らしたり、ドアを壊したり、マスケット銃を撃ったりした音に続いて、犠牲者の叫び声と群衆の叫び声が、最も強い心がうめき声を上げ、最も強いものが震えるまで続きました。钟铃的撞击声、门的破碎声、火枪的枪声后是受害者的尖叫和人群的呐喊，直到最坚强的心灵也感到畏惧，最强壮的人也颤抖不已。 Shaking in every limb, the poor young king shouted for the massacre to be stopped. |||limb||||||||||| Tremblant de tous ses membres, le pauvre jeune roi hurle pour que le massacre cesse. かわいそうな若い王様は、四肢を震わせながら、虐殺をやめるように叫びました。可怜的年轻国王全身颤抖，呼喊着要停止大屠杀。 It was too late. それは遅すぎた。一切都已太迟。 Already beacon-fires had sent the signal through the land of France. |beacon|||||||||| Déjà, des feux de balisage avaient envoyé le signal à travers le territoire français. すでにビーコン火災がフランスの土地を介して信号を送信していました。烽火已经在法国的土地上传递了信号。

Old men, young girls, helpless children, were alike smitten down. |||||||equally|struck| Des vieillards, des jeunes filles, des enfants sans défense ont été frappés de la même façon. 老人、若い女の子、無力な子供たちも同様に打ちのめされました。 Velhos, moças, crianças indefesas, eram igualmente feridas. 老年人、年轻女孩、无助的孩子们，都同样被击倒。 Through the long dark night the slaughter continued, until Paris was such a scene of terror as human eyes have rarely seen. ||||||slaughter|it continued|||||||||||||| 漫长的黑夜里，屠杀仍在继续，直到巴黎呈现出人类肉眼罕见的恐怖景象。在漫长的黑夜中屠杀持续进行，直至巴黎成为人类眼中少见的恐怖景象。

In vain did Charles order the massacre to be stopped at the end of one day. チャールズは1日の終わりに虐殺をやめるように命じたが無駄だった。查理试图在一天结束时下令停止大屠杀，但这是徒劳的。 It was continued for a whole week, till some 80,000 Huguenots had been slain. 这个屠杀持续了整整一个星期，约有80,000名胡格诺派教徒被屠杀。

And "the heart of Protestant Europe stood still with horror." |||||||still|| Et "le cœur de l'Europe protestante s'est figé d'horreur". そして「プロテスタントヨーロッパの中心は恐怖でじっと立っていた」。 “欧洲新教的心脏因恐惧而静止不动。” “整个新教欧洲的心脏都因此而惊恐地停顿。”