Halloween Origins, Halloween Origins 1 of 8: Ancient Origins

Halloween Origins 1 of 8: Ancient Origins

Halloween is an annual holiday celebrated each year on October 31, and Halloween 2018 occurs on Wednesday, October 31. It originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, when people would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off ghosts. In the eighth century, Pope Gregory III designated November 1 as a time to honor all saints; soon, All Saints Day incorporated some of the traditions of Samhain. The evening before was known as All Hallows Eve, and later Halloween. Over time, Halloween evolved into a day of activities like trick-or-treating, carving jack-o-lanterns, festive gatherings, donning costumes and eating sweet treats.

Ancient Origins of Halloween: Halloween's origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom and France, celebrated their new year on November 1.

This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred. On the night of October 31 they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth.

In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future. For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort and direction during the long, dark winter.

To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities. During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and attempted to tell each other's fortunes. When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the coming winter.

By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. In the course of the four hundred years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain.

The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably explains the tradition of “bobbing” for apples that is practiced today on Halloween.

Halloween Origins 1 of 8: Ancient Origins ||||происхождение Halloween|||| Halloween|Origins|of|Ancient|Origins Dia das Bruxas|Origens||antiga| |Ursprünge||| 할로윈|기원||고대| Halloween|origini||antiche|Origini الهالوين|الأصول||| Halloween|||| Хелловін|||| Halloween|||Antiguas|orígenes Halloween Orígenes 1 de 8: Orígenes antiguos Origini di Halloween 1 di 8: Origini antiche 할로윈의 기원 1 / 8: 고대 기원 Halloween Origins 1 z 8: Starożytne pochodzenie Halloween Origins 1 of 8: Origens Antigas

Halloween is an annual holiday celebrated each year on October 31, and Halloween 2018 occurs on Wednesday, October 31. |||ежегодный||отмечаемый|||||||||| ||||||||||||მდებარეობს||| Halloween|||yearly|holiday||each|year|||||occurs||Wednesday| |||anual|feriado|celebrado|||||||cai||quarta-feira|outubro ||||||||||||fällt||Mittwoch| |||annuale|||ogni|anno||ottobre|||si svolge||mercoledì|ottobre |||anual||celebrada|||||||ocurre||| It originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, when people would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off ghosts. |произошло|||||фестиваль||Самайн||||||||костюмы|||| |||||კელტური|||სამჰაინი||||||||||გაასახლოს|| ||from|the||Celtic|||Samhain|||||bonfires|||||ward||ghosts |originou-se|||antiga|céltica|festival||Samhain|||||fogueiras||usar roupas|fantasias||afastar||os fantasmas |stammt ab|||||||Samhain|||würden||Feuerstellen|||||abwehren|| |||그||켈트|||사윈|||||모닥불|||||막다|| |originò|||antico|celtico|||Samhain||||accendere|falò||indossare|costumi||scacciare||fantasmi ||||||||Samhain|||||feux de joie|||costumes|||| ||||||||萨温|||||篝火|||||驱赶|| هذا||||القديمة|سلتيك||||||||نيران المخيم||||||| ||||||||Samhain|||||||||||| |появилося||||||||||||||||||| |se originó|||||festival||Samhain||las personas|verbo auxiliar|encendían|hogueras|||disfraces||ahuyentar|ahuyentar| 它起源于古代凯尔特节日萨温，人们会点燃篝火，穿上服装来驱赶鬼魂。 In the eighth century, Pope Gregory III designated November 1 as a time to honor all saints; soon, All Saints Day incorporated some of the traditions of Samhain. ||||Папа||||||||||||||||||||традиции|| |||||Grégoire||||||||||||||||||||| ||eighth|||||designated|November|||||honor||saints|||||incorporated|||||| ||oitavo|século|Papa|Gregório|três|designou||||||honrar||os santos|em breve||||incorporou|||||| |||||||bestimmte|||||||||||||übernahm|||||| |||||||지정했다||||||||||||||||||| |||secolo|Papa|Gregorio|III|designò|novembre|||||onorare||santi|presto||tutti i Santi||incorporò||||tradizioni|| ||||||||||||||||||万圣节||结合|||||| ||||||||||||||||||||أدرجت|||||| ||||||||||||||||||||włączył|||||| |||||||მოავლინა||||||||წმინდანები|||||შეიცავდა|||||| ||||el Papa|Gregorio||designó||||||||santos|pronto||||incorporó|||||| В восьмом веке Папа Григорий III назначил 1 ноября временем чествования всех святых; вскоре День всех святых вобрал в себя некоторые традиции Самайна. 在八世纪，教皇格里高利三世指定每年的11月1日为纪念所有圣人的日子；不久，万圣节也融入了一些萨温的传统。 The evening before was known as All Hallows Eve, and later Halloween. |||||||Hallows|||| |noite|antes de|||||os santos|Véspera de Todos||| Der|||||||Heiligen|||| ||prima||conosciuta|||Hallows|Eve||poi| |||||||Świętych|Ewa||| ||||conocida|||los Santos|Eve||más tarde| Вечер перед этим днем назывался Великим вечером святых, а позже - Хэллоуином. 前一晚被称为万圣节前夕，后来简称为万圣节。 Over time, Halloween evolved into a day of activities like trick-or-treating, carving jack-o-lanterns, festive gatherings, donning costumes and eating sweet treats. ||||||||||||||||||встречи|надевать|костюмы|||| ||||||||||truc||||jack||||réunions|revêtir|||||friandises |||||||||||||carving|jack||||gatherings|putting on||||| ao longo de|||evoluiu|||||atividades||travessura||pedir doces|esculpir|lanterna mágica|ao longo de|abóboras ilumin|festivas|encontros festivos|vestindo fantasias|fantasias||comer doces|doces|guloseimas doces |||entwickelte sich||||||||||schnitzen|||||festlichen Versamml|Kostüme tragen|||||süßen Leck |||||||||||||ჭრის||||||||||| ||||in||||||dolcetto||dolcetto|intagliare|jack|o|lanterne|festivi|riunioni|indossare|||mangiare|dolci|dolcetti |||||||||||||||||||穿上||||| |||||||||||||||||||zakładanie||||| ||||||||||||trick-or-treating|tallado|jack||calabazas iluminadas||reuniones|poniéndose|||||dulces С течением времени Хэллоуин превратился в день мероприятий, таких как «конфета или жизнь», вырезание светильников из тыквы, праздничные собрания, ношение костюмов и поедание сладостей.

Ancient Origins of Halloween: Halloween's origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in). ||||||||||||||||sow| ||||de Halloween|orígenes|||||||||||sow| ||||do Halloween||data de|remontam a|||||festival|||pronunciado como|são| ||||di Halloween||risalgono||||antico|||||pronunciato|sow| The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom and France, celebrated their new year on November 1. |celtas|||||||||||||||||||||| |os celtas||viviam|anos|atrás|||região||||Irlanda||Unidos|Reino|||celebravam|||||novembro |Celti|||anni||||||||Irlanda||Regno Unito|Regno||||il loro||||

This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death. ||означал|||||и||урожай||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||harvest||||||||||||||||associated||| ||marcou||o fim||verão|||a colheita|||início|||escura|fria|inverno escuro|||||||frequentemente|associada|||morte humana |||||||||||||||||||||||||연관된||| ||segnò||||||||||||||freddo||||||||spesso|associata||umana|morte |||||||||cosecha||||||||||||||||asociado||| Этот день ознаменовал конец лета и урожая и начало темной, холодной зимы, времени года, которое часто ассоциировалось с человеческой смертью. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred. |||||||||||граница||||||||||| |||||||||||frontière|entre||||||||||floue |||||||||||boundary|||||||||||unclear |acreditavam||||noite||||||fronteira|entre||mundos|||vivos|||os mortos|tornou-se|tornou-se indist |||||||||||Grenze|||||||||||verschwommen ||||||||||||||||||||||모호해진 |credevano||||notte|||||||||mondi|||viventi|||morti|diventava|sfumava ||||||||||||||||||||||模糊 |||||||||||límite|||||||||||difusa Кельты верили, что в ночь перед новым годом граница между мирами живых и мертвых размывается. On the night of October 31 they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth. ||nuit|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||tornavano||terra ||||||||||||||||||retornavam||à terra В ночь с 31 октября на 1 ноября они праздновали Самайн, когда считалось, что духи мертвых возвращаются на землю.

In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future. ||||||||||||||||||||||друиды||||||||| |||||||||||||||surnaturels|||||||druides||celtique|prêtres|||||| |||||||||||||||otherworldly|||||||Druids|||priests|||predictions||| |adição||causando|problemas||prejudicial às|as colheitas|os Celtas|acreditavam que|||presença|||do outro mundo|espíritos sobrenatur|||mais fácil|||druidas|||sacerdotes c|||previsões||| ||||||schädigend|||||||||übernatürlichen|||||für||||||||Vorhersagen||| |추가적으로|~에|일으키는|||해치는|농작물|켈트족|생각했다|그것은|그|존재|의|그|초자연적인|정령|만들었다|그것을|더 쉽게|드루이드들이|드루이드|드루이드|즉|켈트||||||| ||||problemi|||coltivazioni||pensavano|||presenza|||soprannaturali|spiriti|faceva||più facile|||Druidi|||sacerdoti|||previsioni|||futuro ||||||||||||||||||||||德鲁伊||||||||| |||||||||||||||nadprzyrodzonych|||||||Druidów|||kapłanów|||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||ドルイド||||||||| ||||||dañinas|cultivos||||||||del más allá|||||||druidas||||||predicciones||| For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort and direction during the long, dark winter. |||совершенно|зависимым|||неустойчивом||||||||||||||||| ||peuple|||||volatile||||||||||||||||| |||||||volatile||||prophecies||||||||||||| |||totalmente|dependente|||volátil|natural|||profecias|eram|||fonte||conforto||orientação|||longa|| ||||abhängig|||unbeständigen||||Prophezeiungen||||||||||||| |||||||변덕스러운||||예언|||||||||||||겨울 |||interamente||||volatile|naturale|mondo||profezie||||fonte||comforto||direzione|durante||lungo|| |||||||多变的||||预言||||||||||||| |||||||ulotnym||||proroctwa||||||||||||| |||entera||||||||profecías||||||consuelo||||||| Для народа, полностью зависимого от непостоянного природного мира, эти пророчества были важным источником утешения и направления в долгую темную зиму.

To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities. |||||||священные||||||||||||||||божествам |commémorer||||||||où||||||les récoltes|||||||| ||||||||||||gathered|||||||||||deities |comemorar||evento||construíram|enormes|sagrados|fogueiras||||se reuniram||queimar|colheitas||os animais||sacrifícios||||deidades celtas |feiern|||die Druiden|||heilige||||||||Ernte||||Opfer||||Götter |기념하다||||||신성한|||||||||||||||| |||evento||costruirono|enormi|||||||||||animali||sacrifici||||divinità |纪念||||||||||||||||||||||神灵 |||||||||||||||||||||||bóstwa |conmemorar||evento|druidas||||hogueras||||se reunieron|||cultivos||||||||deidades Чтобы увековечить это событие, друиды разводили огромные священные костры, где люди собирались, чтобы сжигать урожай и животных как жертвы кельтским богам. During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and attempted to tell each other's fortunes. ||||||||состоящих||||||||||||судьбы ||||||costumes|typiquement||||||||||||| |||||wore|||consisting|||||||attempted||||| ||celebração|||usaram||geralmente|compostos por||animal|cabeças||peles de animais||tentaram||prever||uns aos outros|destinos ||||||||bestehend aus|||||||versuchten|||||Zukunft ||celebrazione|||indossarono||tipicamente|composti||animali|teste||pelli||hanno tentato|||l'uno dell'altro|l'uno dell'altro|fortune ||||||||||||||||||||wróżby |||||llevaban|||que consistían|||||pieles||intentaron|||||fortunas Во время празднования кельты носили костюмы, обычно состоящие из голов и шкур животных, и пытались узнать судьбу друг друга. When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the coming winter. |||||||||foyer|||||éteints||||du||||||||||| ||||||||||||||extinguished|||||||bonfire|||||||| ||||||reacenderam|reacenderam||lareira|fogueiras||||apagado|mais cedo|||do||sagrado|fogueira sagrada|do|para ajudar|proteger||||próximo| |||||||||Herd|||||ausgemacht||||||||||||||| ||||||ri|riaccesero|||focolari||||spente|prima|||||sacro|falò|||proteggere||||prossimo| |||||||||炉子|||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||zgasić||||||||||||||| |||||||||hogar|||||||||||sagrada|hoguera||||||||

By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. |||||||erobert||||| ||||Romano|Impero||conquistato||maggioranza|||territorio |||||||conquistado|||||territorio |||||||conquistado||||| In the course of the four hundred years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain. ||||||||||||||||||||совмещены||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||combined||||||| ||no decorrer||||quatrocentos||||governaram|||||||||||||tradicional||celebração|| ||||||||||herrschten||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||governarono|||terre||festival||Romana|origine||combinati|||tradizionale||celebrazione|| ||||||||||gobernaron||||||||||combinados|||||celebración||

The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead. |||Фералия||||||||||почитали||||| |||||||||||||commemorated||||| |||Ferália||||||||||comemoravam||||os| |||Feralia||||||||||gedenken||||| |||Feralia||||||||Romani||commemoravano||passaggio||| |||费拉利亚||||||||||||||| |||Feralia|||||||||tradicionalmente|conmemoraban||||| |||Feralia||||||||||||||| The second was a day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. |||||||Помона|||богиня|||| |||||||Pomona|||deusa||fruta|| |||||||Pomona|||Göttin|||| |secondo||||||Pomona|||||frutta||alberi |||||||波莫纳||||||| |||||||Pomona|la||diosa|||| |||||||Pomona||||||| The symbol of Pomona is the apple, and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably explains the tradition of “bobbing” for apples that is practiced today on Halloween. |символ||Помона||||||включение||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||plongée|||||||| |symbol||||||||incorporation|||||||||tradition||bobbing||apples|||practiced||| |símbolo|||||||||||||||||||mergulhar||maçãs|||||| |||||||||Einbeziehung|||||||||Tradition||Apfeltauchen|||||||| |||||||||incorporazione|||||||spiega||||mordere||mele|||praticata|oggi|| ||||||||||||||||||||苹果漂浮|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||zanurzenia|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||リンゴをつかむこと|||||||| |||||||||incorporación|||||||||||manzana flotante|||||practicada||| Символом Помоны является яблоко, и включение этого праздника в Самайн, вероятно, объясняет традицию "ловли" яблок, которая сегодня практикуется на Хэллоуин. 普莫纳的象征是苹果，这个庆祝活动融入萨温节的原因，可能解释了今天万圣节上“浮苹果”这一传统。