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Oxford Online English, How to Talk About Time in English - Time Prepositions and Phrases

How to Talk About Time in English - Time Prepositions and Phrases

Hi, I'm Oli.

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

In this lesson, you can learn how to talk about time in English.

You'll learn how to use prepositions, conjunctions and other useful words and phrases to talk

about time.

If you're watching on YouTube, don't forget to check out the full version of this lesson

on our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

The full lesson contains the script and a quiz to help you practice what you've learned.

Go to Oxford Online English dot com and try it!

The things you'll learn in this lesson will help you in many situations: telling stories,

saying when things happen, talking about the future, describing how long something lasted,

and many more.

Let's start with one of the most basic ways to talk about time.

When's her birthday?

How many times have you asked me that?

It's in December.

Are you sure?

I thought it was in January.

No, it's definitely in December, on the 23rd.

But that can't be right.

Her birthday was on a Saturday last year, and this year the 23rd is a Wednesday.

You're thinking of her birthday *party.* She had it on the weekend before her birthday.

Don't you remember?

Our car broke down and we got there at eleven.

Oh yeah!

And then we had to stay the night there because we couldn't drive back.

That's right!

Then, in the morning, remember that we had to try to call a tow truck, and we couldn't

find anyone who was working?

Of course!

What a nightmare!

What time did we get home in the end?

Five?

Six?

It was in the evening, but not too late.

Maybe at six, yeah.

Was that the second time we went?

No, we've been three times.

The first was in 2015, we were away in 2016, and then we went in 2017 and 2018.

So, if we go this year, it'll be the fourth time.

Has she invited us?

Yeah, she's having her party on the Friday before her birthday.

So, on the 18th?

That's right.

In the dialogue, you heard many examples of using ‘at', ‘on' and ‘in' to talk

about when things are.

Can you remember any?

Do you know any rules about using ‘at', ‘on' and ‘in' to talk about time?

Use ‘in' for months and years.

For example: ‘in December', ‘in January', ‘in 2016' or ‘in 1999.'

You can also use ‘in' for parts of the day: ‘in the morning,' ‘in the afternoon',

or ‘in the evening'.

Use ‘on' with days and dates.

For example: ‘on Saturday', ‘on Friday', ‘on the 3rd', or ‘on the 20th of November'.

Use ‘at' with times.

For example: ‘at six o'clock', ‘at five thirty', or ‘at twelve forty-five'.

There are a few exceptions and flexible cases.

In British English, you say: ‘at the weekend' and ‘at Christmas', but in American English,

you say ‘on the weekend' and ‘on Christmas'.

Also, although you say ‘in the morning', ‘in the afternoon' and ‘in the evening',

you also say ‘at night'.

It's an exception.

Let's practice quickly!

We're going to ask you four questions.

After each question, pause the video and answer with a full sentence.

Ready?

When's your birthday?

What time did you get up this morning?

When's the last time you went on vacation?

When's your next day off?

How was that?

Could you answer all the questions?

Of course, there are many possible answers, but here are some suggestions.

You could say, ‘My birthday's on the eighth of June.'

You could say, ‘I got up at half past seven.'

You could say, ‘The last time I went on vacation was in May.'

You could say, ‘My next day off is on Saturday.'

Could you answer all the questions?

Remember that you can go back and review this section if you need to!

Let's move on to our next point.

I can't work like this!

This is ridiculous!

What's the problem now?

The network's not working again.

I've spent the whole morning dealing with this.

I can't even log in.

How'm I supposed to work?

Have you called the IT department?

Of course!

They're useless!

They told me it'd be fixed in an hour, but it wasn't.

I called again and they promised that it'd be done by midday at the latest, but now it's

nearly two and so far nothing seems to have happened.

Well, I'm sure it'll be fixed in the next few hours.

Can't you do some other work in the meantime?

I need the image files, which are in a shared folder.

I promised my client this would be done by the end of today.

Now I'm going to look bad because we can't make our computer systems work.

You should take this more seriously, you know.

I am taking it seriously, but we don't have these problems all the time.

Until recently, everything worked pretty well, right?

I wouldn't say that.

We've had at least five days this month when things weren't available for an hour

or more.

In the long run, that lost time adds up.

I agree; it's not ideal, but look: in the short term, there's not much I can do.

I'll talk to the IT department and try to move things along.

I can also call your client to explain the situation and apologise, if you like.

How does that sound?

Sounds good.

OK, so we'll talk in an hour and I'll give you an update.

Sure.

In this section, you're going to learn how to use the prepositions ‘in', ‘by',

and ‘until'.

In this dialogue, you saw a different way to use ‘in'.

Do you remember what you heard?

You heard: ‘They told me it'd be fixed in an hour', and ‘We'll talk in an hour.'

What does ‘in' mean here?

You can use ‘in' plus a time period to say when something will happen.

It's most often used to talk about the future, although you might use it in the past if you're

talking about what someone said.

For example, ‘We'll arrive in three days.'

This means that we'll arrive three days from now.

If today is Tuesday, I mean we'll arrive on Friday.

Here's another example: ‘Your car will be ready in 30 minutes.'

That means, if it's one o'clock now, your car will be ready at one-thirty.

There are also phrases with ‘in', like ‘in the short term', or ‘in the long

run'.

‘In the short term' means you're talking about the near future.

‘In the long run' has the opposite meaning: you're talking about the distant future.

For example: ‘In the short term, he needs to focus on getting out of debt.'

This means that in the near future, paying off his debt should be his priority.

Next, let's think about ‘by' and ‘until'.

Do you know the difference between these two prepositions?

Look at two sentences: ‘She'll be here by Friday.'

‘She'll be here until Friday'.

What's the difference?

‘By Friday' means ‘any time before Friday'.

If you say, ‘She'll be here by Friday', you mean that she's not here now, and she'll

arrive some time between now and Friday.

You don't know exactly when she'll arrive, but you're sure that she won't arrive

later than Friday.

‘Until Friday' means ‘continuously from now up to Friday'.

If you say, ‘She'll be here until Friday', you mean that she's here now, but she'll

leave on Friday.

So, the two sentences have very different meanings.

Does your language have different words for ‘by' and ‘until' with these meanings?

Some languages use one preposition for both meanings; if this is the case in your language,

you'll need to be careful using ‘by' and ‘until' in English!

Let's do a quick test.

Look at four sentences.

Pause the video if you need more thinking time.

Ready?

Let's look at the answers.

Did you get them all right?

If so, well done!

If not, remember that you can review each section as many times as you need to.

What's next?

Where's Georgia?

Weren't you meeting her at the airport?

Uhh…

It's a nightmare!

Uh-oh!

What happened?

I was waiting for her in the arrivals hall, but I needed the toilet.

I guess while I was in there, she came out, didn't see me and went outside.

These things happen.

Anyway, I went back and waited for a while.

Then, I realised that she must have arrived already, so I went outside to look for her.

You won't believe it: as I was going down in the elevator, she was going up in the elevator

on the other side, trying to find me.

How do you know?

She called me later; we'll get to that.

So, I looked around for her near the train station, but I couldn't see her.

Just as I was going to go back to arrivals, she called me.

And?

The signal was really bad, so I couldn't really hear her.

I ran outside to get a better signal, and at the exact moment I got out of the doors,

my battery died.

That's bad luck!

So I went back up to arrivals, but it turns out she was going down at the same time, so

we missed each other again.

It's like a comedy film!

I wasn't laughing at the time.

I figured that she'd catch the train into the city, so I decided to just go to her hotel

and wait for her there.

So did you meet her?

No, but I did find somewhere to charge my phone, so I called her.

She was still at the airport.

And where is she now?

She said she'd take the train into the centre, so she'll call me as soon as she arrives.

I hope she doesn't fall asleep during the journey and miss her stop…

Don't even joke about it!

Look at two sentences you heard in the dialogue.

Here's a question: what's the difference between ‘during' and ‘while'?

Both words are used to say *when* something happened.

Specifically, you use them to talk about two things which happened at the same time, or

something that happened in the middle of something else.

However, they're used in different ways.

After ‘during', use a noun.

For example, ‘My phone rang during the film'; ‘During my presentation, there was a power

cut'; ‘I met my husband during my trip to Corsica.'

After ‘while', use a clause; that means you use a subject and a verb.

For example, ‘I wasn't paying attention while he was explaining what to do';

‘While I'm out, can you tidy up the living room?'

‘I like listening to music while I'm working.'

You can also use ‘at' to talk about things which happened at the same time.

For example: ‘At the exact moment I got out of the doors, my battery died;'

‘I went back up to arrivals, but it turns out she was going down at the same time.'

You could use these in different ways; for example, ‘At the exact moment the train

left, I saw her running into the station'.

‘You can't study and watch TV at the same time.'

Finally, you can use ‘as' to talk about the moment when something happened.

In the dialogue, you heard these.

‘As' means ‘at the moment when'.

So, the first sentence means that at the moment when I was going down in the elevator, she

was going up in the other elevator.

‘Just as' has the same meaning, but it's more emphatic.

Use ‘just as' to mean that two things happened at *exactly* the same time.

‘As soon as' also has the same meaning, but it's used to talk about the future.

You use it to say that two things *will* happen at the same time.

You can make more examples with this language, like this: ‘As I was walking down the street,

I heard thunder in the distance'; ‘I got to the airport just as they closed

the gate for my flight'; ‘We'll leave as soon as you're ready.'

So, in this section, you saw how to use ‘during', ‘while', ‘at' and ‘as' to talk

about things which happen at the same time.

Note that ‘during' and ‘at' are prepositions here, whereas ‘while' and ‘as' are

conjunctions.

Let's look at one more thing.

Can we stop for something to eat?

I didn't have lunch and I'm starving!

I've been waiting for you for ages!

We're already going to be late.

I think we should go straight there.

Come on, it won't take long.

You always say that, and then you take forever.

That's not fair!

Well, hey, you should've been on time.

It's not my fault you're always late…

I'm really punctual these days.

This is the first time I've been late for a while.

Are you serious?

Every time I met you over the summer, you were at least half an hour late.

Yes, but since then, I've been mostly on time, right?

You've been less late.

During the last few weeks, I've really been trying to be on time.

I know it's a bad habit to turn up late everywhere, but it's a tough habit to break…

Anyway, I don't want to be even later than we already are.

Everyone will be wondering what's happened.

Let's just go, and you can get some food there.

But I haven't eaten anything since this morning!

Just stop at a shop and let me buy a snack or something.

It'll take less than five minutes, I promise.

Oh, alright.

If you want to describe how long something continued, what can you use?

Can you remember any of the examples you heard in the dialogue?

Often, to describe a period of time, you use the preposition ‘for'.

For example, ‘I've been waiting for you for ages'.

You can use this in many different ways in the past, present and future; for example,

‘I've worked here for 10 years'; ‘I'll be staying here for six weeks';

‘She lived in Paris for several months.'

There are also many common phrases with ‘for', like ‘for ages' or ‘for a while'.

‘For ages' means for a long time; ‘for a while' means for some time.

‘A while' means a time period which is not very short and not very long.

It's not very specific, but it's useful and common in spoken English.

Here's a question: can you complete the missing verb in this sentence?

The missing verb is ‘take'.

You can use ‘take' to say how long something will continue.

In the dialogue, you also heard, ‘It won't take long';

‘It'll take less than five minutes, I promise.'

You can use ‘take' in many different situations.

For example, ‘How long does it take you to get to work?';

‘Getting to the airport takes about 45 minutes if the traffic's not too bad.'

If you want to talk about something which happened within a longer period of time, you can use

‘over'.

In the dialogue, you heard, ‘Every time I met you over the summer, you were at least

half an hour late'; ‘Over the last few weeks, I've been really

trying to be on time.'

‘Over' has a similar meaning to ‘during', but it's more conversational, and you use

it only with longer time periods.

You might also see the phrase ‘over time', which means ‘gradually.'

For example, ‘Over time, cars are getting more efficient, and therefore cheaper to run.'

This is a big topic, and there's a lot we weren't able to fit into this video!

Are there other time prepositions or phrases you'd like to know more about?

Please leave your suggestions in the comments!

Thanks for watching!

See you next time!

How to Talk About Time in English - Time Prepositions and Phrases Wie man auf Englisch über Zeit spricht - Zeitpräpositionen und -phrasen How to Talk About Time in English - Time Prepositions and Phrases Cómo hablar del tiempo en inglés - Preposiciones y frases temporales Comment parler du temps en anglais - Prépositions et expressions temporelles Come parlare del tempo in inglese - Preposizioni e frasi sul tempo 英語で時間について話すには - 時間の前置詞とフレーズ 영어로 시간에 대해 말하는 방법 - 시간 전치사 및 구문 Hoe over tijd praten in het Engels - Voorzetsels en zinnen over tijd Jak mówić o czasie po angielsku - przyimki i zwroty związane z czasem Como falar sobre o tempo em inglês - Preposições e frases sobre o tempo Как говорить о времени на английском языке - Предлоги и фразы о времени İngilizcede Zaman Hakkında Nasıl Konuşulur - Zaman Edatları ve İfadeleri Як говорити про час англійською мовою - часові прийменники та фрази Cách nói về thời gian bằng tiếng Anh - Giới từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian 如何用英语谈论时间 - 时间介词和短语如何用英語談論時間 - 時間介詞和短語

Hi, I'm Oli. Hallo, ich bin Oli.

Welcome to Oxford Online English! Willkommen bei Oxford Online English!

In this lesson, you can learn how to talk about time in English. In dieser Lektion lernen Sie, wie man auf Englisch über Zeit spricht.

You'll learn how to use prepositions, conjunctions and other useful words and phrases to talk

about time.

If you're watching on YouTube, don't forget to check out the full version of this lesson Wenn du auf YouTube zuschaust, vergiss nicht, dir die vollständige Version dieser Lektion anzuschauen Nếu bạn đang xem trên YouTube, đừng quên xem phiên bản đầy đủ của bài học này

on our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

The full lesson contains the script and a quiz to help you practice what you've learned. Toàn bộ bài học có kịch bản và một bài kiểm tra để giúp bạn thực hành những gì đã học.

Go to Oxford Online English dot com and try it!

The things you'll learn in this lesson will help you in many situations: telling stories, Die Dinge, die Sie in dieser Lektion lernen, werden Ihnen in vielen Situationen helfen: beim Erzählen von Geschichten, Những điều bạn sẽ học trong bài học này sẽ giúp bạn trong nhiều tình huống: kể chuyện,

saying when things happen, talking about the future, describing how long something lasted, nói khi sự việc xảy ra, nói về tương lai, mô tả sự việc đó kéo dài bao lâu,

and many more. et|| và nhiều cái khác.

Let's start with one of the most basic ways to talk about time.

When's her birthday? Wann ist ihr Geburtstag? Sinh nhật cô ấy là khi nào?

How many times have you asked me that? Wie oft haben Sie mich das schon gefragt? Bunu bana kaç kere sordun? Đã bao nhiêu lần bạn hỏi tôi điều đó rồi?

It's in December. Es ist im Dezember. Bây giờ là vào tháng 12.

Are you sure? Sind Sie sicher?

I thought it was in January. Ich dachte, es sei im Januar. Tôi nghĩ đó là vào tháng Giêng.

No, it's definitely in December, on the 23rd. Nein, es ist definitiv im Dezember, am 23. Dezember. Không, chắc chắn là vào tháng 12, ngày 23.

But that can't be right. Aber das kann nicht richtig sein. Nhưng điều đó không thể đúng được.

Her birthday was on a Saturday last year, and this year the 23rd is a Wednesday. Letztes Jahr fiel ihr Geburtstag auf einen Samstag, und dieses Jahr ist der 23. auf einen Mittwoch gefallen. Geçen yıl doğum günü Cumartesi günüydü ve bu yıl 23'ü Çarşamba gününe denk geliyor. Sinh nhật của cô ấy năm ngoái là thứ Bảy và năm nay ngày 23 là thứ Tư.

You're thinking of her birthday *party.* She had it on the weekend before her birthday. Doğum günü partisini düşünüyorsun. Doğum gününden önceki hafta sonu yapmıştı. Bạn đang nghĩ đến *bữa tiệc sinh nhật của cô ấy.* Cô ấy đã tổ chức nó vào cuối tuần trước ngày sinh nhật của mình.

Don't you remember? Erinnern Sie sich nicht? Bạn không nhớ sao?

Our car broke down and we got there at eleven. Unser Auto hatte eine Panne und wir kamen um elf Uhr an. Xe của chúng tôi bị hỏng và chúng tôi đến đó lúc 11 giờ.

Oh yeah!

And then we had to stay the night there because we couldn't drive back. Và sau đó chúng tôi phải ở lại đó qua đêm vì không thể lái xe về được.

That's right! Đúng rồi!

Then, in the morning, remember that we had to try to call a tow truck, and we couldn't |||||||||||||towing|||| |||||||||||||guincho|||| Sau đó, vào buổi sáng, hãy nhớ rằng chúng tôi đã phải cố gắng gọi một chiếc xe kéo nhưng chúng tôi không thể.

find anyone who was working? jemanden finden, der gearbeitet hat? tìm ai đang làm việc?

Of course! Ja, natürlich!

What a nightmare! Was für ein Albtraum! Thật là một cơn ác mộng!

What time did we get home in the end? Um wie viel Uhr sind wir schließlich nach Hause gekommen? Rốt cuộc chúng ta về đến nhà lúc mấy giờ?

Five?

Six?

It was in the evening, but not too late. Es war schon Abend, aber noch nicht zu spät. Lúc đó đã là buổi tối, nhưng cũng chưa muộn.

Maybe at six, yeah. Vielleicht um sechs, ja.

Was that the second time we went? War das das zweite Mal, dass wir dort waren? Đó có phải là lần thứ hai chúng tôi đi?

No, we've been three times. |nous avons||| Nein, wir waren schon dreimal dort. Không, chúng tôi đã đến đó ba lần rồi.

The first was in 2015, we were away in 2016, and then we went in 2017 and 2018. Das erste Mal war 2015, 2016 waren wir weg, und dann waren wir 2017 und 2018 da. La primera fue en 2015, estuvimos fuera en 2016 y luego fuimos en 2017 y 2018. Lần đầu tiên là vào năm 2015, chúng tôi rời đi vào năm 2016, sau đó chúng tôi đi vào năm 2017 và 2018.

So, if we go this year, it'll be the fourth time. Wenn wir also dieses Jahr hingehen, ist es das vierte Mal. Vì vậy, nếu chúng ta đi vào năm nay thì sẽ là lần thứ tư.

Has she invited us? Hat sie uns eingeladen? Cô ấy đã mời chúng ta à?

Yeah, she's having her party on the Friday before her birthday. Ja, sie feiert ihre Party am Freitag vor ihrem Geburtstag. Vâng, cô ấy sẽ tổ chức bữa tiệc vào thứ Sáu trước ngày sinh nhật của mình.

So, on the 18th? Also, am 18.? Vì vậy, vào ngày 18?

That's right. Das ist richtig. Đúng rồi.

In the dialogue, you heard many examples of using ‘at', ‘on' and ‘in' to talk Im Dialog haben Sie viele Beispiele für die Verwendung von "bei", "auf" und "in" gehört Trong đoạn hội thoại, bạn đã nghe nhiều ví dụ về cách sử dụng 'at', 'on' và 'in' để nói chuyện

about when things are. darüber, wann die Dinge sind. về thời điểm mọi thứ diễn ra.

Can you remember any? Können Sie sich an welche erinnern? Bạn có thể nhớ được gì không?

Do you know any rules about using ‘at', ‘on' and ‘in' to talk about time? Kennen Sie irgendwelche Regeln für die Verwendung von "bei", "auf" und "in", um über Zeit zu sprechen? Bạn có biết quy tắc nào về việc sử dụng 'at', 'on' và 'in' để nói về thời gian không?

Use ‘in' for months and years. Verwenden Sie "in" für Monate und Jahre.

For example: ‘in December', ‘in January', ‘in 2016' or ‘in 1999.' Zum Beispiel: "im Dezember", "im Januar", "im Jahr 2016" oder "im Jahr 1999".

You can also use ‘in' for parts of the day: ‘in the morning,' ‘in the afternoon', Sie können "in" auch für Teile des Tages verwenden: "am Morgen", "am Nachmittag",

or ‘in the evening'. oder "am Abend".

Use ‘on' with days and dates. Verwenden Sie "am" bei Tagen und Daten. Sử dụng 'on' với ngày và ngày.

For example: ‘on Saturday', ‘on Friday', ‘on the 3rd', or ‘on the 20th of November'. Zum Beispiel: "am Samstag", "am Freitag", "am 3." oder "am 20. November".

Use ‘at' with times.

For example: ‘at six o'clock', ‘at five thirty', or ‘at twelve forty-five'. Ví dụ: 'lúc sáu giờ', 'lúc năm giờ ba mươi' hoặc 'lúc mười hai giờ bốn mươi lăm'.

There are a few exceptions and flexible cases. Es gibt ein paar Ausnahmen und flexible Fälle. Có một vài trường hợp ngoại lệ và trường hợp linh hoạt.

In British English, you say: ‘at the weekend' and ‘at Christmas', but in American English, Im britischen Englisch sagt man: "at the weekend" und "at Christmas", aber im amerikanischen Englisch, Trong tiếng Anh Anh, bạn nói: 'at the Weekend' và 'at Christmas', nhưng trong tiếng Anh Mỹ,

you say ‘on the weekend' and ‘on Christmas'.

Also, although you say ‘in the morning', ‘in the afternoon' and ‘in the evening', |anche se|||||||||||| Auch wenn Sie "am Morgen", "am Nachmittag" und "am Abend" sagen,

you also say ‘at night'. Sie sagen auch "nachts".

It's an exception. Das ist eine Ausnahme. Đó là một ngoại lệ.

Let's practice quickly! Lass uns schnell üben!

We're going to ask you four questions. Wir werden Ihnen vier Fragen stellen.

After each question, pause the video and answer with a full sentence. Halten Sie nach jeder Frage das Video an und antworten Sie in einem ganzen Satz.

Ready? Sind Sie bereit?

When's your birthday? Wann ist Ihr Geburtstag?

What time did you get up this morning? Um wie viel Uhr sind Sie heute Morgen aufgestanden? Bạn đã thức dậy vào lúc mấy giờ sáng nay?

When's the last time you went on vacation? Wann waren Sie das letzte Mal im Urlaub? Lần cuối cùng bạn đi nghỉ là khi nào?

When's your next day off? ||||libero Wann ist Ihr nächster freier Tag? Ngày nghỉ tiếp theo của bạn là khi nào?

How was that? Nó thế nào?

Could you answer all the questions? Bạn có thể trả lời tất cả các câu hỏi?

Of course, there are many possible answers, but here are some suggestions. Natürlich gibt es viele mögliche Antworten, aber hier sind einige Vorschläge.

You could say, ‘My birthday's on the eighth of June.' Du könntest sagen: "Mein Geburtstag ist am achten Juni". Bạn có thể nói, 'Sinh nhật của tôi vào ngày 8 tháng 6.'

You could say, ‘I got up at half past seven.' Du könntest sagen: "Ich bin um halb acht aufgestanden". Bạn có thể nói, 'Tôi thức dậy lúc bảy giờ rưỡi.'

You could say, ‘The last time I went on vacation was in May.' Sie könnten sagen: "Das letzte Mal war ich im Mai im Urlaub". Bạn có thể nói, 'Lần cuối cùng tôi đi nghỉ là vào tháng Năm.'

You could say, ‘My next day off is on Saturday.' Sie könnten sagen: "Mein nächster freier Tag ist am Samstag".

Could you answer all the questions? Können Sie alle Fragen beantworten?

Remember that you can go back and review this section if you need to! Denken Sie daran, dass Sie diesen Abschnitt bei Bedarf noch einmal durchgehen können! Hãy nhớ rằng bạn có thể quay lại và xem lại phần này nếu cần!

Let's move on to our next point. Lassen Sie uns zum nächsten Punkt übergehen. Bir sonraki noktaya geçelim. Hãy chuyển sang điểm tiếp theo của chúng tôi.

I can't work like this! So kann ich nicht arbeiten! Bu şekilde çalışamam!

This is ridiculous! Das ist lächerlich!

What's the problem now? Was ist jetzt das Problem? Şimdi sorun ne?

The network's not working again. |da rede||| Das Netz funktioniert wieder nicht. Ağ yine çalışmıyor. Mạng không hoạt động trở lại.

I've spent the whole morning dealing with this. |||||a occuparmi|| Ich habe den ganzen Vormittag damit verbracht, mich damit zu befassen. Tôi đã dành cả buổi sáng để giải quyết việc này.

I can't even log in. Ich kann mich nicht einmal anmelden. Tôi thậm chí không thể đăng nhập.

How'm I supposed to work? como vou|||| Wie soll ich denn arbeiten? Tôi phải làm việc thế nào đây?

Have you called the IT department? Bạn đã gọi cho bộ phận CNTT chưa?

Of course!

They're useless! Ils sont| |inutili |inúteis Chúng thật vô dụng!

They told me it'd be fixed in an hour, but it wasn't. Sie sagten mir, es würde in einer Stunde repariert sein, aber das war nicht der Fall. Họ nói với tôi rằng nó sẽ được sửa trong một giờ nữa, nhưng không phải vậy.

I called again and they promised that it'd be done by midday at the latest, but now it's |||||||||||meio-dia|||||| Ich habe noch einmal angerufen, und man hat mir versprochen, dass es bis spätestens Mittag erledigt ist, aber jetzt ist es Tôi đã gọi lại và họ hứa rằng việc này sẽ hoàn thành muộn nhất là vào giữa trưa, nhưng bây giờ thì không.

nearly two and so far nothing seems to have happened. quasi||||||||| fast zwei und bis jetzt scheint nichts passiert zu sein. gần hai và cho đến nay dường như không có gì xảy ra.

Well, I'm sure it'll be fixed in the next few hours. Nun, ich bin sicher, dass das in den nächsten Stunden behoben sein wird. Ну, я уверен, что это будет исправлено в ближайшие несколько часов. Chà, tôi chắc chắn nó sẽ được sửa trong vài giờ tới.

Can't you do some other work in the meantime? ||||||||entretanto Können Sie in der Zwischenzeit nicht etwas anderes tun? Trong lúc này bạn không thể làm việc khác được à?

I need the image files, which are in a shared folder. ||||||||||pasta compartilhada Ich benötige die Bilddateien, die sich in einem gemeinsamen Ordner befinden. Tôi cần các tập tin hình ảnh nằm trong một thư mục dùng chung.

I promised my client this would be done by the end of today. Ich habe meinem Kunden versprochen, dass dies bis zum Ende des Tages erledigt sein wird. Tôi đã hứa với khách hàng của mình rằng việc này sẽ được thực hiện vào cuối ngày hôm nay.

Now I'm going to look bad because we can't make our computer systems work. |je vais|||||||||||| Jetzt werde ich schlecht dastehen, weil wir unsere Computersysteme nicht zum Laufen bringen können. Bây giờ trông tôi sẽ tệ lắm vì chúng ta không thể làm cho hệ thống máy tính của mình hoạt động được.

You should take this more seriously, you know. Sie sollten die Sache ernster nehmen, wissen Sie. Bạn nên thực hiện việc này một cách nghiêm túc hơn, bạn biết đấy.

I am taking it seriously, but we don't have these problems all the time. Ich nehme die Sache ernst, aber wir haben nicht ständig solche Probleme. Tôi đang xem xét vấn đề này một cách nghiêm túc, nhưng không phải lúc nào chúng tôi cũng gặp phải những vấn đề này.

Until recently, everything worked pretty well, right? jusqu'à|||||| Bis vor kurzem hat doch alles ganz gut funktioniert, oder? Cho đến gần đây, mọi thứ đều hoạt động khá tốt, phải không?

I wouldn't say that. Das würde ich so nicht sagen. Tôi sẽ không nói điều đó.

We've had at least five days this month when things weren't available for an hour Wir hatten in diesem Monat mindestens fünf Tage, an denen Dinge eine Stunde lang nicht verfügbar waren. Tháng này chúng ta đã có ít nhất năm ngày mà mọi thứ không có sẵn trong một giờ

or more.

In the long run, that lost time adds up. ||||ce|perdue||| Auf lange Sicht summiert sich diese verlorene Zeit. Về lâu dài, thời gian đã mất đó sẽ cộng lại.

I agree; it's not ideal, but look: in the short term, there's not much I can do. Ich stimme zu, es ist nicht ideal, aber sehen Sie, kurzfristig kann ich nicht viel tun. Tôi đồng ý; điều đó không lý tưởng chút nào, nhưng hãy nhìn xem: trước mắt, tôi không thể làm được gì nhiều.

I'll talk to the IT department and try to move things along. |||||||essayer|||| Ich werde mit der IT-Abteilung sprechen und versuchen, die Dinge voranzutreiben.

I can also call your client to explain the situation and apologise, if you like. Ich kann auch Ihren Kunden anrufen, um die Situation zu erklären und mich zu entschuldigen, wenn Sie möchten. Tôi cũng có thể gọi cho khách hàng của bạn để giải thích tình hình và xin lỗi nếu bạn muốn.

How does that sound? Comment||| Wie hört sich das an? Nghe như thế nào?

Sounds good.

OK, so we'll talk in an hour and I'll give you an update. ||||||||||||atualização OK, wir sprechen in einer Stunde und ich werde Sie auf den neuesten Stand bringen. Được rồi, chúng ta sẽ nói chuyện sau một giờ nữa và tôi sẽ cập nhật cho bạn.

Sure.

In this section, you're going to learn how to use the prepositions ‘in', ‘by', In diesem Abschnitt lernst du, wie du die Präpositionen "in" und "durch" verwendest,

and ‘until'. und "bis".

In this dialogue, you saw a different way to use ‘in'.

Do you remember what you heard?

You heard: ‘They told me it'd be fixed in an hour', and ‘We'll talk in an hour.' Sie haben gehört: "Sie haben mir gesagt, dass es in einer Stunde repariert ist" und "Wir reden in einer Stunde". Bạn đã nghe: 'Họ nói với tôi rằng nó sẽ được sửa trong một giờ' và 'Chúng ta sẽ nói chuyện sau một giờ nữa'.

What does ‘in' mean here? 'Trong' ở đây có nghĩa là gì?

You can use ‘in' plus a time period to say when something will happen. Bạn có thể sử dụng 'in' cộng với một khoảng thời gian để nói khi nào điều gì đó sẽ xảy ra.

It's most often used to talk about the future, although you might use it in the past if you're Meistens wird es verwendet, um über die Zukunft zu sprechen, obwohl man es auch in der Vergangenheit verwenden kann, wenn man Nó thường được dùng để nói về tương lai, mặc dù bạn có thể dùng nó trong quá khứ nếu bạn

talking about what someone said. über das zu sprechen, was jemand gesagt hat. nói về điều ai đó đã nói.

For example, ‘We'll arrive in three days.' Zum Beispiel: "Wir werden in drei Tagen ankommen". Ví dụ: 'Chúng tôi sẽ đến nơi sau ba ngày nữa.'

This means that we'll arrive three days from now. Das bedeutet, dass wir in drei Tagen ankommen werden. Điều này có nghĩa là chúng tôi sẽ đến nơi sau ba ngày nữa.

If today is Tuesday, I mean we'll arrive on Friday. Nếu hôm nay là thứ Ba, ý tôi là chúng ta sẽ đến vào thứ Sáu.

Here's another example: ‘Your car will be ready in 30 minutes.' Hier ein weiteres Beispiel: "Ihr Auto ist in 30 Minuten fertig". Đây là một ví dụ khác: 'Xe của bạn sẽ sẵn sàng trong 30 phút nữa.'

That means, if it's one o'clock now, your car will be ready at one-thirty. Điều đó có nghĩa là nếu bây giờ là một giờ thì xe của bạn sẽ sẵn sàng vào lúc một giờ ba mươi.

There are also phrases with ‘in', like ‘in the short term', or ‘in the long Es gibt auch Ausdrücke mit "in", wie "kurzfristig" oder "langfristig". Ngoài ra còn có các cụm từ có 'in', như 'in the short term', hoặc 'in the long'.

run'. laufen".

‘In the short term' means you're talking about the near future. 'In the short term' có nghĩa là bạn đang nói về tương lai gần.

‘In the long run' has the opposite meaning: you're talking about the distant future. Langfristig" hat die entgegengesetzte Bedeutung: Sie sprechen über die ferne Zukunft.

For example: ‘In the short term, he needs to focus on getting out of debt.' Zum Beispiel: "Kurzfristig muss er sich darauf konzentrieren, seine Schulden loszuwerden". Ví dụ: 'Trước mắt, anh ấy cần tập trung vào việc thoát khỏi nợ nần.'

This means that in the near future, paying off his debt should be his priority. Das bedeutet, dass er sich in naher Zukunft vorrangig um die Begleichung seiner Schulden kümmern sollte. Điều này có nghĩa là trong tương lai gần, việc trả hết nợ phải là ưu tiên hàng đầu của anh ấy.

Next, let's think about ‘by' and ‘until'. ||||||until (first) Lassen Sie uns als nächstes über "bis" und "bis" nachdenken. Tiếp theo, hãy nghĩ về 'by' và 'until'.

Do you know the difference between these two prepositions? Kennen Sie den Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Präpositionen? Bạn có biết sự khác biệt giữa hai giới từ này không?

Look at two sentences: ‘She'll be here by Friday.' Schauen Sie sich zwei Sätze an: 'Sie wird am Freitag hier sein.' Nhìn vào hai câu: 'Cô ấy sẽ ở đây vào thứ Sáu.'

‘She'll be here until Friday'. Sie wird bis Freitag hier sein". 'Cô ấy sẽ ở đây cho đến thứ Sáu'.

What's the difference? Was ist der Unterschied?

‘By Friday' means ‘any time before Friday'. Bis Freitag" bedeutet "jederzeit vor Freitag". 'Trước Thứ Sáu' có nghĩa là 'bất kỳ lúc nào trước Thứ Sáu'.

If you say, ‘She'll be here by Friday', you mean that she's not here now, and she'll Wenn Sie sagen: "Sie wird am Freitag hier sein", meinen Sie damit, dass sie jetzt noch nicht hier ist und erst am nächsten Tag kommt.

arrive some time between now and Friday. đến vào lúc nào đó từ nay đến thứ Sáu.

You don't know exactly when she'll arrive, but you're sure that she won't arrive Sie wissen nicht genau, wann sie kommen wird, aber Sie sind sicher, dass sie nicht kommen wird

later than Friday.

‘Until Friday' means ‘continuously from now up to Friday'. Bis Freitag" bedeutet "kontinuierlich von jetzt bis Freitag". 'Cho đến Thứ Sáu' có nghĩa là 'liên tục từ nay đến Thứ Sáu'.

If you say, ‘She'll be here until Friday', you mean that she's here now, but she'll Wenn Sie sagen: "Sie wird bis Freitag hier sein", bedeutet das, dass sie jetzt hier ist, aber sie wird

leave on Friday. rời đi vào thứ Sáu.

So, the two sentences have very different meanings.

Does your language have different words for ‘by' and ‘until' with these meanings? Gibt es in Ihrer Sprache verschiedene Wörter für "durch" und "bis" mit diesen Bedeutungen? Ngôn ngữ của bạn có các từ khác nhau cho 'by' và 'until' với những ý nghĩa này không?

Some languages use one preposition for both meanings; if this is the case in your language,

you'll need to be careful using ‘by' and ‘until' in English!

Let's do a quick test.

Look at four sentences.

Pause the video if you need more thinking time.

Ready?

Let's look at the answers. Schauen wir uns die Antworten an.

Did you get them all right? |||answers|| Haben Sie sie alle richtig verstanden?

If so, well done! Wenn ja, gut gemacht!

If not, remember that you can review each section as many times as you need to. Falls nicht, denken Sie daran, dass Sie jeden Abschnitt so oft wie nötig wiederholen können.

What's next?

Where's Georgia? Wo ist Georgien?

Weren't you meeting her at the airport? Wolltest du sie nicht am Flughafen abholen? Không phải cậu đã gặp cô ấy ở sân bay sao?

Uhh…

It's a nightmare! ||un incubo ||um pesadelo Das ist ein Alptraum!

Uh-oh!

What happened?

I was waiting for her in the arrivals hall, but I needed the toilet. Ich habe in der Ankunftshalle auf sie gewartet, aber ich musste auf die Toilette. Tôi đang đợi cô ấy ở sảnh đến nhưng tôi cần nhà vệ sinh.

I guess while I was in there, she came out, didn't see me and went outside. Tôi đoán khi tôi ở trong đó, cô ấy bước ra, không nhìn thấy tôi và đi ra ngoài.

These things happen. Solche Dinge passieren. Những điều này xảy ra.

Anyway, I went back and waited for a while. Comunque|||||||| Wie auch immer, ich ging zurück und wartete eine Zeit lang. Dù sao thì tôi cũng quay lại và đợi một lúc.

Then, I realised that she must have arrived already, so I went outside to look for her. Dann wurde mir klar, dass sie bereits angekommen sein musste, und ich ging nach draußen, um sie zu suchen. Sau đó, tôi nhận ra rằng chắc chắn cô ấy đã đến nên tôi đi ra ngoài tìm cô ấy.

You won't believe it: as I was going down in the elevator, she was going up in the elevator Sie werden es nicht glauben: Während ich mit dem Aufzug nach unten fuhr, fuhr sie mit dem Aufzug nach oben.

on the other side, trying to find me. auf der anderen Seite und versucht, mich zu finden. ở phía bên kia, cố gắng tìm tôi.

How do you know? Woher wissen Sie das?

She called me later; we'll get to that. ||||nous y arriverons||| Sie hat mich später angerufen; dazu kommen wir noch. Cô ấy gọi cho tôi sau; chúng ta sẽ đạt được điều đó.

So, I looked around for her near the train station, but I couldn't see her. Also habe ich mich in der Nähe des Bahnhofs nach ihr umgesehen, aber ich konnte sie nicht sehen. Vì vậy, tôi nhìn quanh tìm cô ấy ở gần ga tàu nhưng không thấy cô ấy đâu cả.

Just as I was going to go back to arrivals, she called me. |||||||||chegadas||| Gerade als ich zurück zur Ankunftshalle gehen wollte, rief sie mich an. Ngay khi tôi chuẩn bị quay lại chỗ khách đến, cô ấy gọi cho tôi.

And?

The signal was really bad, so I couldn't really hear her. Das Signal war wirklich schlecht, so dass ich sie nicht wirklich hören konnte. Tín hiệu rất tệ nên tôi không thể nghe thấy cô ấy nói gì.

I ran outside to get a better signal, and at the exact moment I got out of the doors, Ich rannte nach draußen, um ein besseres Signal zu bekommen, und genau in dem Moment kam ich aus der Tür, Tôi chạy ra ngoài để nhận tín hiệu tốt hơn, và đúng lúc tôi bước ra khỏi cửa,

my battery died. mein Akku war leer. pin của tôi đã chết.

That's bad luck! Das bringt Unglück! Thật xui xẻo!

So I went back up to arrivals, but it turns out she was going down at the same time, so |||de volta|para cima||||||||||||||| Also ging ich zurück zu den Ankünften, aber es stellte sich heraus, dass sie zur gleichen Zeit runterging, also Thế là tôi quay lại chỗ khách đến, nhưng hóa ra cô ấy cũng đi xuống cùng lúc, nên

we missed each other again. wir haben uns wieder verpasst.

It's like a comedy film!

I wasn't laughing at the time. je||||| Zu diesem Zeitpunkt habe ich nicht gelacht. Lúc đó tôi không cười.

I figured that she'd catch the train into the city, so I decided to just go to her hotel Ich dachte mir, dass sie den Zug in die Stadt nehmen würde, also beschloss ich, einfach zu ihrem Hotel zu gehen. Tôi nghĩ cô ấy sẽ bắt tàu vào thành phố nên tôi quyết định đến khách sạn của cô ấy

and wait for her there. und dort auf sie warten.

So did you meet her? Hast du sie getroffen? Vậy bạn đã gặp cô ấy chưa?

No, but I did find somewhere to charge my phone, so I called her. |||||da qualche parte|||||||| Nein, aber ich habe einen Ort gefunden, an dem ich mein Telefon aufladen kann, also habe ich sie angerufen. Không, nhưng tôi đã tìm được nơi nào đó để sạc điện thoại nên tôi đã gọi cho cô ấy.

She was still at the airport. Cô ấy vẫn còn ở sân bay.

And where is she now?

She said she'd take the train into the centre, so she'll call me as soon as she arrives. Sie sagte, sie würde den Zug ins Zentrum nehmen und mich anrufen, sobald sie dort ankommt.

I hope she doesn't fall asleep during the journey and miss her stop… Ich hoffe, sie schläft während der Fahrt nicht ein und verpasst die Haltestelle... Tôi hy vọng cô ấy không ngủ quên trong suốt cuộc hành trình và bỏ lỡ điểm dừng của mình…

Don't even joke about it! Ne|||| Machen Sie nicht einmal Witze darüber! Thậm chí đừng đùa về nó!

Look at two sentences you heard in the dialogue. Schauen Sie sich zwei Sätze an, die Sie in dem Dialog gehört haben.

Here's a question: what's the difference between ‘during' and ‘while'? Ich habe eine Frage: Was ist der Unterschied zwischen "während" und "während"?

Both words are used to say *when* something happened. Beide Wörter werden verwendet, um zu sagen, *wenn* etwas passiert ist.

Specifically, you use them to talk about two things which happened at the same time, or Cụ thể, bạn sử dụng chúng để nói về hai sự việc xảy ra cùng một lúc, hoặc

something that happened in the middle of something else. etwas, das inmitten von etwas anderem passiert ist. điều gì đó đã xảy ra ở giữa một điều khác.

However, they're used in different ways. Tuy nhiên, chúng được sử dụng theo những cách khác nhau.

After ‘during', use a noun. Nach "während" ist ein Substantiv zu verwenden. Sau 'trong', sử dụng một danh từ.

For example, ‘My phone rang during the film'; ‘During my presentation, there was a power ||||||||||||||interruzione di corrente Zum Beispiel: "Mein Telefon klingelte während des Films"; "Während meiner Präsentation gab es einen Stromausfall Ví dụ: 'Điện thoại của tôi đổ chuông khi đang xem phim'; 'Trong bài thuyết trình của tôi, có một sức mạnh

cut'; ‘I met my husband during my trip to Corsica.' Schnitt"; "Ich habe meinen Mann während meiner Reise nach Korsika kennen gelernt. cắt'; 'Tôi gặp chồng tôi trong chuyến đi tới Corsica.'

After ‘while', use a clause; that means you use a subject and a verb. Verwenden Sie nach "während" einen Nebensatz, das heißt, Sie verwenden ein Subjekt und ein Verb.

For example, ‘I wasn't paying attention while he was explaining what to do'; Zum Beispiel: "Ich habe nicht aufgepasst, als er mir erklärt hat, was zu tun ist"; Ví dụ: 'Tôi đã không chú ý khi anh ấy đang giải thích những việc cần làm';

‘While I'm out, can you tidy up the living room?' Kannst du, während ich weg bin, das Wohnzimmer aufräumen? 'Khi tôi ra ngoài, bạn có thể dọn dẹp phòng khách được không?'

‘I like listening to music while I'm working.'

You can also use ‘at' to talk about things which happened at the same time. Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng 'at' để nói về những sự việc xảy ra cùng lúc.

For example: ‘At the exact moment I got out of the doors, my battery died;' Ví dụ: 'Đúng lúc tôi vừa ra khỏi cửa, pin của tôi đã hết;'

‘I went back up to arrivals, but it turns out she was going down at the same time.' Ich ging zurück zu den Ankünften, aber es stellte sich heraus, dass sie zur gleichen Zeit hinunterging. 'Tôi quay lại chỗ khách đến, nhưng hóa ra cô ấy cũng đi xuống cùng lúc.'

You could use these in different ways; for example, ‘At the exact moment the train tu|||||||||||||| Bạn có thể sử dụng chúng theo nhiều cách khác nhau; ví dụ: 'Vào đúng thời điểm tàu

left, I saw her running into the station'. links, sah ich sie in den Bahnhof laufen. trái, tôi thấy cô ấy chạy vào nhà ga'.

‘You can't study and watch TV at the same time.' Man kann nicht gleichzeitig lernen und fernsehen.

Finally, you can use ‘as' to talk about the moment when something happened. Schließlich können Sie "als" verwenden, um über den Moment zu sprechen, in dem etwas passiert ist. Cuối cùng, bạn có thể sử dụng 'as' để nói về thời điểm xảy ra điều gì đó.

In the dialogue, you heard these. In dem Dialog haben Sie diese gehört.

‘As' means ‘at the moment when'. As" bedeutet "zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem". 'As' có nghĩa là 'vào thời điểm đó'.

So, the first sentence means that at the moment when I was going down in the elevator, she Der erste Satz bedeutet also, dass sie in dem Moment, als ich mit dem Aufzug nach unten fuhr Vì vậy, câu đầu tiên có nghĩa là vào lúc tôi đang đi xuống thang máy, cô ấy

was going up in the other elevator. in dem anderen Aufzug nach oben fuhr.

‘Just as' has the same meaning, but it's more emphatic. Ebenso" hat die gleiche Bedeutung, aber mit mehr Nachdruck. 'Just as' có ý nghĩa tương tự nhưng nhấn mạnh hơn.

Use ‘just as' to mean that two things happened at *exactly* the same time. Verwenden Sie "genauso", um zu sagen, dass zwei Dinge *exakt* zur gleichen Zeit geschehen sind. Sử dụng 'just as' để có nghĩa là hai sự việc đã xảy ra *chính xác* cùng một lúc.

‘As soon as' also has the same meaning, but it's used to talk about the future. As soon as" hat dieselbe Bedeutung, wird aber verwendet, um über die Zukunft zu sprechen.

You use it to say that two things *will* happen at the same time.

You can make more examples with this language, like this: ‘As I was walking down the street, Bạn có thể lấy thêm ví dụ bằng ngôn ngữ này, như sau: 'Khi tôi đang đi bộ trên phố,

I heard thunder in the distance'; ‘I got to the airport just as they closed Ich hörte Donner in der Ferne"; "Ich kam zum Flughafen, als sie gerade schlossen Tôi nghe thấy tiếng sấm từ xa'; 'Tôi đến sân bay ngay khi họ đóng cửa

the gate for my flight'; ‘We'll leave as soon as you're ready.' das Gate für meinen Flug"; "Wir starten, sobald Sie bereit sind". cổng cho chuyến bay của tôi'; 'Chúng tôi sẽ rời đi ngay khi bạn sẵn sàng.'

So, in this section, you saw how to use ‘during', ‘while', ‘at' and ‘as' to talk In diesem Abschnitt haben Sie also gesehen, wie man 'während', 'während', 'bei' und 'als' verwendet, um zu sprechen

about things which happen at the same time.

Note that ‘during' and ‘at' are prepositions here, whereas ‘while' and ‘as' are Beachten Sie, dass "während" und "bei" hier Präpositionen sind, während "während" und "als

conjunctions. liên từ.

Let's look at one more thing. Schauen wir uns noch eine Sache an. Hãy nhìn vào một điều nữa.

Can we stop for something to eat? Können wir anhalten und etwas essen? Chúng ta có thể dừng lại để ăn gì không?

I didn't have lunch and I'm starving! |||||je suis|affamé ||||||morrendo di fame Tôi chưa ăn trưa và tôi đang đói!

I've been waiting for you for ages! Ich habe schon lange auf dich gewartet! Tôi đã chờ đợi bạn trong nhiều thế kỷ!

We're already going to be late. Wir sind schon zu spät dran. Chúng ta sắp muộn mất rồi.

I think we should go straight there. Ich denke, wir sollten direkt dorthin gehen. Tôi nghĩ chúng ta nên đi thẳng tới đó.

Come on, it won't take long. Kommen Sie, es dauert nicht lange. Thôi nào, sẽ không mất nhiều thời gian đâu.

You always say that, and then you take forever. |||||ensuite||| |||||||prendi|un'eternità Das sagst du immer, und dann brauchst du ewig. Bạn luôn nói thế, rồi bạn lấy mãi.

That's not fair! Das ist nicht fair! Điều đó không công bằng!

Well, hey, you should've been on time. Du hättest pünktlich sein müssen. Này, lẽ ra cậu phải đến đúng giờ.

It's not my fault you're always late… Es ist nicht meine Schuld, dass du immer zu spät kommst... Đó không phải lỗi của tôi khi bạn luôn đến muộn…

I'm really punctual these days. ||pontual|| Heutzutage bin ich wirklich pünktlich. Tôi thực sự đúng giờ những ngày này.

This is the first time I've been late for a while. Das ist das erste Mal seit langem, dass ich zu spät komme. Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi đến muộn một thời gian.

Are you serious? Ist das Ihr Ernst? Bạn nghiêm túc chứ?

Every time I met you over the summer, you were at least half an hour late. Chaque||||||||||||||| Jedes Mal, wenn ich dich im Sommer getroffen habe, warst du mindestens eine halbe Stunde zu spät. Mỗi lần tôi gặp bạn trong mùa hè, bạn đều trễ ít nhất nửa tiếng.

Yes, but since then, I've been mostly on time, right? Ja, aber seither bin ich meistens pünktlich, oder? Đúng, nhưng kể từ đó, hầu như tôi đều đến đúng giờ, phải không?

You've been less late. Sie sind weniger zu spät gekommen. Bạn đã bớt trễ hơn.

During the last few weeks, I've really been trying to be on time. In den letzten Wochen habe ich mich wirklich bemüht, pünktlich zu sein. Trong vài tuần qua, tôi đã thực sự cố gắng đến đúng giờ.

I know it's a bad habit to turn up late everywhere, but it's a tough habit to break… je|||||||||||mais|||||| Ich weiß, dass es eine schlechte Angewohnheit ist, überall zu spät zu kommen, aber es ist eine schwer zu durchbrechende Gewohnheit... Tôi biết việc đến muộn ở mọi nơi là một thói quen xấu, nhưng đó là một thói quen khó bỏ…

Anyway, I don't want to be even later than we already are. Auf jeden Fall möchte ich nicht noch später dran sein, als wir es ohnehin schon sind. Dù sao đi nữa, tôi không muốn đến muộn hơn chúng ta hiện tại.

Everyone will be wondering what's happened. Alle werden sich fragen, was passiert ist. Mọi người sẽ thắc mắc chuyện gì đã xảy ra.

Let's just go, and you can get some food there. Lass uns einfach gehen, und du kannst dort etwas zu essen bekommen. Hãy đi thôi, và bạn có thể mua chút đồ ăn ở đó.

But I haven't eaten anything since this morning! Aber ich habe seit heute Morgen nichts mehr gegessen! Nhưng từ sáng tới giờ tôi chưa ăn gì cả!

Just stop at a shop and let me buy a snack or something. Halten Sie einfach an einem Laden an und lassen Sie mich einen Snack oder etwas anderes kaufen. Chỉ cần dừng lại ở một cửa hàng và để tôi mua đồ ăn nhẹ hoặc thứ gì đó.

It'll take less than five minutes, I promise. Es wird weniger als fünf Minuten dauern, das verspreche ich. Sẽ mất chưa đầy năm phút, tôi hứa.

Oh, alright.

If you want to describe how long something continued, what can you use? Wenn Sie beschreiben wollen, wie lange etwas andauert, was können Sie dann verwenden? Nếu bạn muốn mô tả một điều gì đó diễn ra trong bao lâu, bạn có thể sử dụng cái gì?

Can you remember any of the examples you heard in the dialogue? Bạn có thể nhớ bất kỳ ví dụ nào bạn đã nghe trong đoạn hội thoại không?

Often, to describe a period of time, you use the preposition ‘for'. Thông thường, để mô tả một khoảng thời gian, bạn sử dụng giới từ 'for'.

For example, ‘I've been waiting for you for ages'. ||||||||muito tempo Zum Beispiel: "Ich habe schon lange auf dich gewartet". Ví dụ: 'Tôi đã đợi bạn rất lâu rồi'.

You can use this in many different ways in the past, present and future; for example,

‘I've worked here for 10 years'; ‘I'll be staying here for six weeks'; Ich arbeite seit 10 Jahren hier"; "Ich bleibe sechs Wochen lang hier"; 'Tôi đã làm việc ở đây được 10 năm'; 'Tôi sẽ ở đây sáu tuần';

‘She lived in Paris for several months.' Sie hat mehrere Monate in Paris gelebt. 'Cô ấy sống ở Paris được vài tháng.'

There are also many common phrases with ‘for', like ‘for ages' or ‘for a while'. Es gibt auch viele gebräuchliche Ausdrücke mit "für", wie "seit Ewigkeiten" oder "für eine Weile".

‘For ages' means for a long time; ‘for a while' means for some time. Seit Ewigkeiten" bedeutet für eine lange Zeit; "für eine Weile" bedeutet für einige Zeit. 'Trong nhiều thời đại' có nghĩa là trong một thời gian dài; ‘for a time’ có nghĩa là một thời gian.

‘A while' means a time period which is not very short and not very long. ‘Một thời gian’ có nghĩa là một khoảng thời gian không ngắn cũng không dài.

It's not very specific, but it's useful and common in spoken English. Nó không cụ thể lắm nhưng nó hữu ích và phổ biến trong văn nói tiếng Anh.

Here's a question: can you complete the missing verb in this sentence? Hier ist eine Frage: Können Sie das fehlende Verb in diesem Satz vervollständigen? Đây là một câu hỏi: bạn có thể hoàn thành động từ còn thiếu trong câu này không?

The missing verb is ‘take'. Động từ còn thiếu là 'lấy'.

You can use ‘take' to say how long something will continue. Mit 'take' können Sie sagen, wie lange etwas andauern wird. Bạn có thể sử dụng 'take' để nói điều gì đó sẽ tiếp tục trong bao lâu.

In the dialogue, you also heard, ‘It won't take long'; In dem Dialog haben Sie auch gehört: "Es wird nicht lange dauern"; Trong đoạn hội thoại, bạn cũng đã nghe thấy, 'Sẽ không mất nhiều thời gian đâu';

‘It'll take less than five minutes, I promise.'

You can use ‘take' in many different situations.

For example, ‘How long does it take you to get to work?'; Zum Beispiel: "Wie lange brauchen Sie, um zur Arbeit zu kommen?"; Ví dụ: 'Bạn mất bao lâu để đi làm?';

‘Getting to the airport takes about 45 minutes if the traffic's not too bad.' Die Fahrt zum Flughafen dauert etwa 45 Minuten, wenn der Verkehr nicht allzu schlimm ist. 'Đi đến sân bay mất khoảng 45 phút nếu giao thông không quá tệ.'

If you want to talk about something which happened within a longer period of time, you can use Wenn Sie über etwas sprechen wollen, das sich über einen längeren Zeitraum ereignet hat, können Sie Nếu bạn muốn nói về điều gì đó đã xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian dài hơn, bạn có thể dùng

‘over'. 'qua'.

In the dialogue, you heard, ‘Every time I met you over the summer, you were at least Dans|||||||||||||||| In dem Dialog hieß es: "Jedes Mal, wenn ich dich im Sommer getroffen habe, warst du mindestens Trong đoạn hội thoại, bạn đã nghe thấy, 'Mỗi lần tôi gặp bạn trong mùa hè, ít nhất bạn cũng

half an hour late'; ‘Over the last few weeks, I've been really eine halbe Stunde zu spät"; "In den letzten Wochen war ich wirklich trễ nửa tiếng'; 'Trong vài tuần qua, tôi đã thực sự

trying to be on time.' Ich versuche, pünktlich zu sein.'

‘Over' has a similar meaning to ‘during', but it's more conversational, and you use Over" hat eine ähnliche Bedeutung wie "während", aber es ist umgangssprachlicher, und Sie verwenden 'Over' có nghĩa tương tự như 'trong', nhưng nó mang tính đàm thoại hơn và bạn sử dụng

it only with longer time periods. nó chỉ với khoảng thời gian dài hơn.

You might also see the phrase ‘over time', which means ‘gradually.' Sie können auch die Formulierung "im Laufe der Zeit" sehen, was "allmählich" bedeutet. Bạn cũng có thể thấy cụm từ 'theo thời gian', có nghĩa là 'dần dần'.

For example, ‘Over time, cars are getting more efficient, and therefore cheaper to run.' Zum Beispiel: "Autos werden im Laufe der Zeit immer effizienter und damit billiger im Betrieb. Ví dụ: 'Theo thời gian, ô tô ngày càng tiết kiệm nhiên liệu hơn và do đó chạy rẻ hơn'.

This is a big topic, and there's a lot we weren't able to fit into this video! Das ist ein großes Thema, und es gibt viel, was wir in diesem Video nicht unterbringen konnten! Đây là một chủ đề lớn và có rất nhiều điều chúng tôi không thể đưa vào video này!

Are there other time prepositions or phrases you'd like to know more about? Gibt es noch andere Zeitpräpositionen oder -ausdrücke, über die Sie gerne mehr erfahren würden? Có giới từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian nào khác mà bạn muốn biết thêm không?

Please leave your suggestions in the comments!

Thanks for watching!

See you next time!