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Crash Course: English Literature, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Part 1: Crash Course Literature 302 - YouTube (2)

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Part 1: Crash Course Literature 302 - YouTube (2)

Thanks, Thought Bubble. And on the topic of me selectively quoting,

we now need to take a short break to talk about the language that Twain uses to describe Jim.

You know what? Let's just do this as an open letter.

Let's see what's in the secret compartment today.

Oh! It's Mark Twain.

I like your suit, buddy. Hi Mark Twain, it's me, John Green. First off, big fan.

Secondly, in your novel, ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,'

Huck and other characters use the n-word, to describe Jim many, many times.

This is the reason most often cited for the banning of your book here in the 21st century,

so it's important to talk about.

And it's important to understand that when you were writing the book, it was already an offensive term.

Like, abolitionists had been arguing that we should use the term person of color as early as 1825.

And since your work is no longer protected by copyright,

editions have been published of Huckleberry Finn in which that word is changed.

But whether or not you, personally were racist, Mark Twain, your book, I would argue, isn't.

According to the scholar David L. Smith, the word, quote,

“establishes a context against which Jim's specific virtues may emerge as explicit refutations of racist presuppositions.”

It's really important to understand that although Huck seems like a pretty good kid,

the social order has taught him to dehumanize Jim.

To treat him as property, rather than as a person, but Jim's humanity forces Huck to contend with him as a person.

And that's what makes your book so, so good.

Best Wishes. John Green.

It's this recognition of Jim's humanity that leads Huck, in the climactic scene in Chapter 16,

to break with all the morality and religion he knows.

When he learns that Jim's plan is to gain his freedom and gain the freedom of his wife and children,

Huck writes a letter informing his mistress, but then he tears it up.

Huck has been taught to confuse social law with divine law.

And he sincerely believes that helping a slave is a terrible sin that will lead to damnation.

And he has been with the Widow long enough that Hell is a real place for him,

but he ultimately decides that it doesn't matter.

He will risk damnation if it means he can help Jim.

He tears up the letter, saying, “All right, then, I'll GO to hell…

It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said.

And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming.”

Huck rejects what he has been told is civilization, while also rejecting his father's version of uncivilization,

and for me at least, that's why he's a hero.

As Twain said in his lectures, Huckleberry Finn is a book

“where a sound heart and a deformed conscience come into collision and conscience suffers defeat.”

And that's where we'll leave Huck and his sound heart for today —

unreformed, unrepentant, realizing that he has to follow his own moral path, whatever the risks.

And maybe that's where Twain should have left it, too.

But instead, we get a jumbled mess of an ending that is often criticized,

but which I will do my best to defend next week.

Crash Course is produced with the help of all of these nice people

and it's made possible via your support at Patreon.

Patreon is a voluntary subscription service that allows you to support Crash Course directly,

so we can keep it free, for everyone, forever.

So if you enjoy Crash Course, and you value it, please head over to patreon.com/crashcourse

to check out our Patreon campaign. You can get lots of great perks.

Thank you again for watching. And as we say in my hometown: Don't Forget To Be Awesome.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Part 1: Crash Course Literature 302 - YouTube (2) Las aventuras de Huckleberry Finn Parte 1: Curso acelerado de literatura 302 - YouTube (2) As Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn Parte 1: Curso intensivo de literatura 302 - YouTube (2)

Thanks, Thought Bubble. And on the topic of me selectively quoting, وبالحديث عن اقتباسي الانتقائي Gracias, Burbuja del Pensamiento. Y en el tema de mi, citando selectivamente,

we now need to take a short break to talk about the language that Twain uses to describe Jim. الآن يجب أن نأخذ استراحة لنتكلم عن اللغة التي استخدمها (توين) لوصف (جيم) nosotros ahora tenemos tomarnos un pequeño descanso para hablar del lenguaje que Twain usa para describir a Jim.

You know what? Let's just do this as an open letter. تعرفون، لما لا نستخدم الظرف المفتوح ¿Sabes qué? Hagámoslo como una carta abierta.

Let's see what's in the secret compartment today. لنرى ما بداخل الحجرة السرية Veamos que tenemos en el compartimiento secreto hoy.

Oh! It's Mark Twain. اوه! إنه (مارك توين) تعجبني بدلتك يا صاح ¡Oh! Es Mark Twain.

I like your suit, buddy. Hi Mark Twain, it's me, John Green. First off, big fan. Me gusta tu traje amigo. Hola Mark Twain, soy yo, John Green. Primero de todo, gran admirador.

Secondly, in your novel, ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,' Segundo, en tu novela, "Las Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn",

Huck and other characters use the n-word, to describe Jim many, many times. (هك) وشخصيات أخرى استخدموا كلمات ازدراءية لوصف (جيم) بشكل كبير Huck y otros personajes usan la palabra N para describir a Jim, muchas veces.

This is the reason most often cited for the banning of your book here in the 21st century, هذا هو أحد أكبر الأسباب اقتباساً لحظر كتابك في القرن ال٢١ Esta es la razón más utilizada por la censura de tu libro ahora en el siglo 21.

so it's important to talk about. لذلك من المهم التكلم عنها، ومن المهم أن نتفهم أن وقت كتابتك كانت الكلمة ازدراءية así que es importante que hablemos de eso.

And it's important to understand that when you were writing the book, it was already an offensive term. Y es importante que entandamos que cuando estabas escribiendo el el libro, ya era un término ofensivo.

Like, abolitionists had been arguing that we should use the term person of color as early as 1825. فمثلاً مناهضي العبودية ناقشوا استعمال عبارة "شخص ملون" في أوائل عام ١٨٢٥ Como, abolicionistas estuvieron discutiendo que deberíamos usar el término de persona de color ya en 1825.

And since your work is no longer protected by copyright, ولأن عملك ليس تحت حقوق النشر، نسخ جديدة نشرت وقد غُيرت فيها تلك الكلمة Y como tu trabajo ya no está protegido por los derechos de autor,

editions have been published of Huckleberry Finn in which that word is changed. editores han publicado Huckleberry Finn con el término cambiado.

But whether or not you, personally were racist, Mark Twain, your book, I would argue, isn't. لكن بغض النظر إن كنت عنصري أم لا يا مارك توين ازعم أن روايتك لم تكن عنصرية. Pero más allá de su vos, personalmente, Mark Twain, tu libro, voy a discutir, no lo era.

According to the scholar David L. Smith, the word, quote, بناءً على اقتباس الأديب ديفد آل سميث De acuerdo con el erudito David L. Smith, la palabra, cito,

“establishes a context against which Jim's specific virtues may emerge as explicit refutations of racist presuppositions.” الكلمة الاحتقارية تُنشئ سياق للرواية منها تبرز أفعال (جيم) كرادع للعنصرية "establece un contexto contra el cual las virtudes específicas de Jim pueden surgir como refutaciones explícitas de las presuposiciones racistas."

It's really important to understand that although Huck seems like a pretty good kid, من المهم إدراك أن (هك) قد يبدو ولدًا جيدًا، النظام المجتمعي علمه إهانة (جيم) Es muy importante entender que aunque Huck pareciera un buen chico,

the social order has taught him to dehumanize Jim. el orden social le ha enseñado a deshumanizar a Jim.

To treat him as property, rather than as a person, but Jim's humanity forces Huck to contend with him as a person. معاملته كملكية لا كشخص ولكن إنسانية (جيم) تجبر (هك) ليتنافس معه كشخص، وهذا ما جعل كتابك جيد جداً جداً A tratarlo como propiedad y no como a una persona, pero la humanidad de Jim obliga a Huck a lidiar con él como una persona.

And that's what makes your book so, so good. Y eso es lo que hace a tu libro tan, tan genial.

Best Wishes. John Green. أطيب الأماني جون قرين. Mis mejores deseos. John Green.

It's this recognition of Jim's humanity that leads Huck, in the climactic scene in Chapter 16, أنه ذلك الاعتراف بإنسانية (جيم) الذي يدفع (هك) في ذروة المشهد في الفصل السادس عشر لينفصل عن جميع ما يعرف من الأخلاقيات والدين Es este reconocimiento de la humanidad de Jim lo que lleva a Huck, en la climática escena del capítulo 16,

to break with all the morality and religion he knows. a romper con toda la moralidad y religión que él conoce.

When he learns that Jim's plan is to gain his freedom and gain the freedom of his wife and children, عندما علم بخطة (جيم) وأنه يريد أن يظفر بحريته وحرية زوجته وأطفاله كتب (هك) رسالة لعشيقته ليخبرها ولكنه قطعها Cuando se entera que el plan de Jim es ganar la libertad para él y para su esposa e hijos,

Huck writes a letter informing his mistress, but then he tears it up. Huck escribe una carta informándole esto a su señora, pero luego la destroza.

Huck has been taught to confuse social law with divine law. لقد عُلِّم (هك) بأن يعقد ما بين القانون الاجتماعي والإلهي وهو مؤمن بإخلاص بأن مساعدة عبد خطيئة فظيعة ستقوده إلى الهلاك A Huck le han enseñado a confundir la ley social con la ley divina.

And he sincerely believes that helping a slave is a terrible sin that will lead to damnation. Y él sinceramente cree que ayudar a un esclavo es un pecado terrible que lo llevará a la perdición .

And he has been with the Widow long enough that Hell is a real place for him, ولقد قضى ما يكفي من الوقت مع الأرملة لتكون جهنم مكان حقيقياً بالنسبة له Y ha estado con la Viuda el tiempo suficiente para creer que el infierno es un lugar real,

but he ultimately decides that it doesn't matter. ولكن في نهاية المطاف يقرر بأن ذلك لا يهم، سيخاطر بهلاكه إذا كان ذلك يعني مساعدة (جيم) pero finalmente decide que no importa.

He will risk damnation if it means he can help Jim. Él arriesgará su perdición si eso significa que puede ayudar a Jim.

He tears up the letter, saying, “All right, then, I'll GO to hell… Rompe su carta diciendo "Está bien, entonces, iré al infierno

It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. fueron horribles pensamientos y horribles palabras, pero fueron dichas.

And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming.” Y las dejé dichas; y nunca pensé no más sobre reformarlas."

Huck rejects what he has been told is civilization, while also rejecting his father's version of uncivilization, يرفض (هك) ما عُلِّم بشأن التحضر، بينما يرفض نسخة أبيه من اللاتحضر وهذا يفسر بالنسبة لي على الأقل لماذا هو بطل Huck rechaza lo que le han dicho que es la civilización, también rechazando la versión de civilización de su padre,

and for me at least, that's why he's a hero. y por lo menos para mi, es por eso que es un héroe.

As Twain said in his lectures, Huckleberry Finn is a book Como Twain dijo en sus lecturas, Huckleberry Finn es un libro

“where a sound heart and a deformed conscience come into collision and conscience suffers defeat.” "donde un corazón sano y una consciencia deformada colisionan y la consciencia sufre la pérdida."

And that's where we'll leave Huck and his sound heart for today — وهنا نترك (هك) وقلبه السليم لهذا اليوم، غير تائب، غير نادم، متيقناً بأن عليه اتباع طريقه الأخلاقي مهما تطلب الأمر Y aquí es donde dejaremos a Huck y a su corazón sano por hoy

unreformed, unrepentant, realizing that he has to follow his own moral path, whatever the risks. sin reformar, inpenitente, dándose cuenta de que tiene que seguir su propio camino moral, cualquiera sean los riesgos.

And maybe that's where Twain should have left it, too. وهنا كان من الممكن أن يتركه وين أيضاً، ولكن عوضاً عن ذلك فوضى مختلطة للنهاية والتي في العادة تُنتقد Y quizás es ahí donde Twain debería haberlo dejado, también.

But instead, we get a jumbled mess of an ending that is often criticized, Peo en cambio, tenemos un desorden confuso de un final que a menudo es criticado,

but which I will do my best to defend next week. pero al cual voy a defender con lo mejor de mi la semana que viene.

Crash Course is produced with the help of all of these nice people Crash Course es producido con la ayuda de todas estas buenas personas

and it's made possible via your support at Patreon. y es posible gracias a tu apoyo en Patreon.

Patreon is a voluntary subscription service that allows you to support Crash Course directly, Patreon es un suscripción voluntaria que te permite apoyar a Crash Course de forma directa,

so we can keep it free, for everyone, forever. así podemos mantenerlo gratis, para todos, para siempre.

So if you enjoy Crash Course, and you value it, please head over to patreon.com/crashcourse Así que si disfrutas Crash Course, y lo valoras, por favor ve a patreon.com/crashcourse

to check out our Patreon campaign. You can get lots of great perks. للإطلاع على حملتنا وبإمكانك الحصول على العديد من الإكراميات، شكراً لكم مجدداً لمشاهدتكم para checkear nuestra campaña en Patreon. Puedes conseguir beneficios geniales.

Thank you again for watching. And as we say in my hometown: Don't Forget To Be Awesome. وكما نقول في بلدتي: "لا تنسى أن تكون رائعاً" Gracias por mirar. Y como dicen de donde vengo: No te olvides de ser increíble.