The Awakening of Europe, 15. Elizabeth's Sailors

15. Elizabeth's Sailors

"Brave the captain was; the seamen Made a gallant crew, Gallant sons of English freedom, Sailors bold and true." —TENNYSON.

Now, of all the great sailors who helped Queen Elizabeth to build up England's sea power, the greatest was Francis Drake. Of all the heroes whose exploits have set our world's history aglow with romance, there is not one more thrilling than the life-story of this man. His every deed from the cradle to the grave is a story. The first sight of him is as a small blue-eyed, curly-haired boy in the midst of a party of desperate Protestants in Devonshire flying for their lives from an outburst of Roman Catholic fury. Coming of a large Protestant family, the boy grew up full of hatred for the Church of Rome.

At the time of the abdication of Charles V. he was fifteen, and already apprenticed to the master of a small ship plying between England and the Netherlands. There he would hear of Philip's tyranny, of Alva's massacres, of the Netherlands revolt.

His rough school on the high seas was not without its reward. He became a remarkably clever sailor, and when the skipper of his ship died he left it to young Francis Drake.

Now, John Hawkins was a Devonshire man too, and related to the Drakes. His father had been a sailor in the time of Henry V., and his son John, who was to do so much for the navy of England, was about thirty at the time when Elizabeth became queen. With young Drake in command of the Judith, and some other ships, Hawkins set sail from Plymouth in October 1567.

The little fleet was a good deal knocked about in the rough gales then blowing in the Bay of Biscay, but they reached the Canary Isles in safety, and sailed thence to some of the Spanish settlements along the coast of America. Here, having collected a vast store of gold, silver, and jewels, they turned homewards. But a gale blew them into the Gulf of Mexico, where they knew full well no welcome would await them from the Spaniards there. However, they made a treaty and stopped to repair their injured ships. But treachery was in the air, and without note or warning the Spaniards suddenly attacked them furiously. Bravely enough they tried to defend their ships and their cargo, but at last they had to escape as best they might, Hawkins in one battered ship and Drake in another.

On the 23rd of January 1569 a weather-beaten man was riding post-haste from Plymouth to London with tidings of a desperate fray with the Spaniards. It was Francis Drake, and soon all England was ringing with the news, which had the great result that trade between Spain and England was stopped. It was the beginning of the end.

True, Hawkins and Drake became the heroes of the hour; but over England herself a fierce war-cloud lowered, the horizon was dark with the danger of coming storm. The Netherlands were in open revolt against Spain, but so far England had taken no part publicly.

The very year that the Beggars of the Sea were sailing to Brille, Drake was sailing secretly away from Plymouth port with a little fleet and crew of seventy-three men, all under the age of thirty, on a desperate venture against Spain on the farther side of the Atlantic. He had found out that Philip's treasure from the mines of Peru was landed at Panama, and carried across the narrow neck of land on the backs of many mules, to be reshipped for Spain on the other side.

"I have brought you to the treasure-house of the world," cried Drake, when he had sailed safely across the broad Atlantic. "Blame yourselves if you go away empty."

They were but a handful of men against the Spaniards, who attacked them. As Drake led his little party of adventurers forward he was badly wounded, and fainted from loss of blood. This prevented the Spanish treasure from being carried off by the English. The sun rose next morning on their glorious failure, and the famous attempt on the "treasure-house of the world" was at an end.

But Drake was still undaunted. Disasters befell him. His brother died in his arms, thirty of his little band died of sickness, others were too ill to stand. It is impossible to follow all his adventures, but the story of how he first saw the Pacific Ocean must be told. With eighteen men and native guides he started off to climb the forest-clad spurs of the dividing ridge of mountains dividing the two seas. The expedition was not unlike that of Balboa some sixty years before. Arrived at the top, he climbed a tree, and for the first time an Englishman gazed on the vast Southern Sea, named by Magellan the Pacific Ocean. Returning to his men, he fell on his knees, like a crusader of old, and besought "Almighty God of His goodness to give him life and leave to sail once in an English ship on that sea."

It was a great moment in the history of England. Jealously had Spain guarded this Southern Sea which now lay under the eyes of an Englishman.

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15. Elizabeth's Sailors 伊丽莎白的| belonging to Elizabeth|Elizabethan seafarers |Моряки 15. Elisabeths Matrosen 15. Los marineros de Isabel 15. I marinai di Elisabetta 15.エリザベスの船員たち 15. 엘리자베스의 선원 15 Żeglarze Elżbiety 15. Os marinheiros de Isabel 15. Моряки Елизаветы 15. Elizabeth'in Denizcileri 15. Моряки Єлизавети 15.伊丽莎白的水手

"Brave the captain was; the seamen Made a gallant crew, Gallant sons of English freedom, Sailors bold and true." |||||матросы|||||||||||смелый|| |||||sailors|||noble and brave||||||||courageous|| |||||水手|||英勇||||||||勇敢||忠诚的 "船长勇敢；水手们组成了勇敢的船员，英勇的英格兰自由之子，勇敢而忠诚的水手。" —TENNYSON. 丁尼生 Alfred Tennyson, poet 丁尼生 ——丁尼生。

Now, of all the great sailors who helped Queen Elizabeth to build up England's sea power, the greatest was Francis Drake. |的||||||||伊丽莎白|||||||the|||| |||||||||||||of England|||||||Francis Drake ||||||||||||||||||||Фрэнсис Дрейк 现在，在所有帮助伊丽莎白女王建立英格兰海权的伟大水手中，最伟大的就是弗朗西斯·德雷克。 Of all the heroes whose exploits have set our world's history aglow with romance, there is not one more thrilling than the life-story of this man. |||||činy||||||zářit||||||||||||||| |||||壮举||||||发光的|||||没有|||激动人心||||||| |||||heroic deeds||||||illuminated with excitement||||||||exciting||||||| |||||||||||||||||||激动人心的||||||| |||||||||||озарённый||||||||захватывающий||||||| Tra tutti gli eroi le cui imprese hanno infiammato di romanticismo la storia del nostro mondo, non ce n'è uno più emozionante della storia di quest'uomo. 在所有那些让我们世界历史充满浪漫色彩的英雄中，没有一个比这个人的人生故事更令人激动。 His every deed from the cradle to the grave is a story. ||čin||||||||| ||дело|||колыбель|||могила||| ||Tat||||||||| ||||||||坟墓||| 他从出生到死亡的每一个事迹都是一个故事。 The first sight of him is as a small blue-eyed, curly-haired boy in the midst of a party of desperate Protestants in Devonshire flying for their lives from an outburst of Roman Catholic fury. ||||||||||||||||prostředku|||||||||||||||výbuchu||||zuřivosti 这个||||||如同||||眼睛的|卷发|||||||||||新教徒||德文郡|逃命||||||爆发|||| ||||||||||||||||middle of|||||in great danger|Reformist Christians||county in England|fleeing||||||sudden eruption|||Roman Catholic|violent anger ||||||||||||||||||||||||德文郡||||||||||| ||||||||||глазастый|кучерявый|с кудрявыми волосами||||в окружении||а||||||Девон|||||||вспышка||||ярость Lo vediamo per la prima volta come un piccolo ragazzo dagli occhi azzurri e dai capelli ricci in mezzo a una comitiva di protestanti disperati nel Devonshire che si salva da un'esplosione di furia cattolica. 彼の最初の光景は、ローマカトリックの怒りの爆発から彼らの人生のために飛んでいるデボンシャーの絶望的なプロテスタントのパーティーの真っ只中にある小さな青い目の縮れ毛の少年のようです。他第一次出现在我们眼前，是作为一个小小的蓝眼睛、卷发的男孩，置身于德文郡一群绝望的新教徒中，他们因罗马天主教的愤怒而逃命。 Coming of a large Protestant family, the boy grew up full of hatred for the Church of Rome. 来自||||||||||||||||| Being from||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||ненависти||||| 大規模なプロテスタントの家族から来て、少年はローマ教会への憎しみに満ちて育ちました。作为一个大规模的抗议者家庭的孩子，这个男孩充满了对罗马教会的仇恨。

At the time of the abdication of Charles V. he was fifteen, and already apprenticed to the master of a small ship plying between England and the Netherlands. ||||||||||||||učil se||||||||plující||||| |||||отречение|||||||||учеником||||||||плавая||||| |||||resignation from throne|||||||||||||||||sailing regularly||||| ||||||||||||||学徒||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||学徒||这个|||||小船|航行||||| チャールズ5世の退位の時、彼は15歳で、すでにイギリスとオランダの間を航行する小型船の船長に弟子入りしていました。当查理五世退位时，他只有十五岁，已经在一艘往返于英格兰和荷兰的小船上做学徒。 There he would hear of Philip's tyranny, of Alva's massacres, of the Netherlands revolt. |||听到|||||阿尔瓦|||||叛乱 |||||Philip's rule||||brutal killings||||uprising against authority |||||Филиппа|тирания||Алва|массовых убийств||||восстание Нидерландов 在那里，他会听到菲利普的暴虐，阿尔瓦的屠杀，以及荷兰的叛乱。

His rough school on the high seas was not without its reward. |艰苦的||||||是|不||| |challenging||||||||lacking||benefit 公海での彼の荒れた学校はその報酬なしではありませんでした。他在公海上的艰苦学习并非没有回报。 He became a remarkably clever sailor, and when the skipper of his ship died he left it to young Francis Drake. |||удивительно||моряк||||капитан||||||||||| |||||||||ship's captain||||||||||| |||||||||船长||||||||||| |||显著地||||||船长||||||||||| 彼は非常に賢い船乗りになり、彼の船の船長が死んだとき、彼はそれを若いフランシス・ドレークに任せました。他成为了一名非常聪明的水手，当他的船长去世时，他将船留给了年轻的弗朗西斯·德雷克。

"But the narrow seas were a prison for so large a spirit born for greater undertakings," and the very year that the Counts Egmont and Horn were beheaded in Brussels, 1567, Drake was commanding a small ship, the Judith, in an expedition commanded by his kinsman, John Hawkins. |||||||||||||||предприятия||||||||графы Эгмонт||Горн||обезглавлены|||||командуя|||||||||командовал|||родственник||Хокинс |||bodies of water||||||||||||great endeavors|||||||||||||||||in charge of|||||the ship|||Voyage or journey||||family member||John Hawkins |||||||||||||||事业|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||亲属|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Verwandter|| |||||||||||||||事业||||||||||||||||||||||朱迪思|||远征||||亲属|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||příbuzný|| 「しかし、狭い海は、より大きな事業のために生まれた非常に大きな精神の刑務所でした」と、1567年にブリュッセルでエグモント伯爵とホーン伯爵が首をかしげられたまさにその年、ドレイクは、指揮された遠征で小さな船、ジュディスを指揮していました。彼の親戚、ジョン・ホーキンスによって。 "但狭窄的海域对于这样一个注定要承担更大事业的灵魂来说是一个监狱，"就在伯尔吉斯的埃格蒙特伯爵和霍恩伯爵被斩首的同一年，1567年，德雷克指挥了一艘小船，朱迪斯号，在他的亲戚约翰·霍金斯指挥的探险队中。

Now, John Hawkins was a Devonshire man too, and related to the Drakes. ||霍金斯||||||||||德雷克家族 ||||||||||||the Drake family ||||||||||||德雷克家族现在，约翰·霍金斯也是德文郡人，和德雷克有亲戚关系。 His father had been a sailor in the time of Henry V., and his son John, who was to do so much for the navy of England, was about thirty at the time when Elizabeth became queen. 他的父亲曾是一名海员，在亨利五世统治时期，他的儿子约翰在伊丽莎白成为女王时大约三十岁，而他将为英格兰海军做出巨大的贡献。 With young Drake in command of the Judith, and some other ships, Hawkins set sail from Plymouth in October 1567. ||||||||||||||||普利茅斯|| |||||||||||||began a journey|began a voyage||||the tenth month 年轻的德雷克指挥着朱迪思号和其他几艘船，霍金斯于1567年10月从普利茅斯出发。

The little fleet was a good deal knocked about in the rough gales then blowing in the Bay of Biscay, but they reached the Canary Isles in safety, and sailed thence to some of the Spanish settlements along the coast of America. |||||||撞击||||狂风大作|强风|当时|吹着||||||||||加那利群岛|加那利群岛|||||从那里||||||殖民地||||| ||small group of ships|||||damaged or battered|||||strong winds||currently occurring|||body of water||Bay of Biscay|||||Canary Islands|Islands||without harm|||from there||||||||||| ||||||||||||嵐||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||从那里||||||||||| 小さな艦隊は荒れた強風でかなりノックアウトされ、ビスケー湾を吹き飛ばしましたが、彼らは無事にカナリア諸島に到着し、そこからアメリカの海岸沿いのスペインの集落のいくつかに航海しました。 Маленький флот изрядно потрепало бурными штормами, дувшими в то время в Бискайском заливе, но они благополучно достигли Канарских островов, а оттуда отправились к некоторым испанским поселениям вдоль побережья Америки. 这支小舰队在当时在比斯开湾吹袭的狂风中被严重冲击，但他们安全抵达了加那利群岛，随后从那里驶往美洲沿海的一些西班牙殖民地。 Here, having collected a vast store of gold, silver, and jewels, they turned homewards. ||||||||||宝石||| ||||||||||precious stones|||towards home 在这里，他们积累了大量的黄金、白银和珠宝，便开始返回家乡。 But a gale blew them into the Gulf of Mexico, where they knew full well no welcome would await them from the Spaniards there. |||||||墨西哥湾|||||知道||||||||||| |||||||||Gulf region|||||||||||||Spanish colonists| しかし、強風が彼らをメキシコ湾に吹き飛ばしました。そこで彼らは、スペイン人からの歓迎が彼らを待つことはないことを十分に知っていました。 Но шторм занес их в Мексиканский залив, где, как они прекрасно знали, их не ждал радушный прием испанцев. 但一阵狂风把他们吹到了墨西哥湾，他们清楚地知道，那里不会有西班牙人热情欢迎他们。 However, they made a treaty and stopped to repair their injured ships. ||||smlouvu||||||| ||制定||||||修理||| ||عقدوا||||||||| ||||formal agreement||||||| 然而，他们签订了条约，并停下来修理受损的船只. But treachery was in the air, and without note or warning the Spaniards suddenly attacked them furiously. |zrada||||||||||||||| ||||||||通知||警告|||||| |Verrat||||||||||||||| |betrayal|||||||||||||||with intense anger しかし、裏切りは空中にあり、注意も警告もなしに、スペイン人は突然彼らを猛烈に攻撃しました。但是叛徒情绪弥漫，西班牙人毫无预警地突然猛烈攻击他们。 Bravely enough they tried to defend their ships and their cargo, but at last they had to escape as best they might, Hawkins in one battered ship and Drake in another. 足够勇敢|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||goods or supplies|||||||||||||||damaged by attacks||||| |||尝试|||||||货物|||||||||||尽可能地|霍金斯|||破旧的||||| 勇敢にも彼らは船と貨物を守ろうとしましたが、ついに彼らは可能な限り逃げなければなりませんでした。ホーキンスはボロボロの船で、ドレイクは別の船で。他们勇敢地试图保护自己的船只和货物，但最后他们只能尽力逃离，霍金斯在一艘受损的船上，德雷克在另一艘船上。

On the 23rd of January 1569 a weather-beaten man was riding post-haste from Plymouth to London with tidings of a desperate fray with the Spaniards. ||||||||||||||||||zprávou||||bitva||| ||||||天气||||||急速||普利茅斯||||||||冲突||| ||||||||||||||||||Nachrichten||||Schlacht||| ||||||worn by weather|weather-worn||||very quickly|||||||news or information||||violent conflict||| ||||||||||||||||||消息||||||| Il 23 gennaio 1569, un uomo battuto dalle intemperie si recava da Plymouth a Londra con la notizia di una disperata battaglia con gli spagnoli. 1569年1月23日、天候に打たれた男が、スペイン人との絶望的な争いの知らせを聞きながら、プリマスからロンドンまで急いで乗っていました。 1569年1月23日，一个饱经风霜的人急急忙忙地骑马从普利茅斯赶往伦敦，带来与西班牙人激战的消息。 It was Francis Drake, and soon all England was ringing with the news, which had the great result that trade between Spain and England was stopped. |||||||||响亮|||||||伟大的||||||||| |||||||||buzzing with excitement|||||||||||||||| Si trattava di Francis Drake e ben presto tutta l'Inghilterra risuonò della notizia, che ebbe il grande risultato di bloccare il commercio tra Spagna e Inghilterra. 这是弗朗西斯·德雷克，不久整个英格兰都在传递这个消息，这导致了西班牙和英格兰之间的贸易停止。 It was the beginning of the end. 这是一切结束的开始。

True, Hawkins and Drake became the heroes of the hour; but over England herself a fierce war-cloud lowered, the horizon was dark with the danger of coming storm. 确实|||||||||时刻|||||||战争||||地平线|||||||| |||||||||||||||intense||||||||||||| 確かに、ホーキンスとドレイクはその時のヒーローになりました。しかし、イングランド自身の上に激しい戦争雲が下がり、地平線は暗くなり、嵐が来る危険がありました。的确，霍金斯和德雷克成为了那一刻的英雄；但是在英格兰上空，一片猛烈的战云渐渐笼罩，地平线因即将到来的风暴而变得阴暗。 The Netherlands were in open revolt against Spain, but so far England had taken no part publicly. ||||||||||||||||公开地オランダはスペインに対して公然と反乱を起こしたが、これまでのところイギリスは公に参加していなかった。

The very year that the Beggars of the Sea were sailing to Brille, Drake was sailing secretly away from Plymouth port with a little fleet and crew of seventy-three men, all under the age of thirty, on a desperate venture against Spain on the farther side of the Atlantic. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||podnikání||||||||| 这|||||海盗|||||||||||||||||||||||七十|||||||||在||绝望的|冒险|||在|这个||||| |||||Dutch rebels|||||||Brielle, Netherlands||||||||||||||||||||||||||||risky undertaking|||||more distant||||Atlantic Ocean 正是在乞丐海盗航向布里尔的那一年，德雷克秘密地从普利茅斯港启航，带着一支小舰队和七十三名全部在三十岁以下的船员，进行一次冒险的远征，目标是位于大西洋彼岸的西班牙。 He had found out that Philip's treasure from the mines of Peru was landed at Panama, and carried across the narrow neck of land on the backs of many mules, to be reshipped for Spain on the other side. |||||||||||||抵达||巴拿马||||||地峡|||||背上|||骡子|||重新装船|||||| |||||||||||||unloaded onto shore||Panama City||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||转运|||||| Ele descobrira que o tesouro de Filipe, proveniente das minas do Peru, foi desembarcado no Panamá e levado pelo estreito leito de terra nas costas de muitas mulas, para ser enviado de novo para a Espanha do outro lado. 他发现菲利普的宝藏从秘鲁的矿山运到了巴拿马，并通过许多骡子的背运送到这片狭窄的陆地上，准备在另一边重新装船运往西班牙.

"I have brought you to the treasure-house of the world," cried Drake, when he had sailed safely across the broad Atlantic. |||||||treasure storehouse|||||||||||||| 当德雷克安全航行穿越宽广的大西洋时，高喊道：“我把你们带到了世界的宝藏库！” "Blame yourselves if you go away empty." 责怪||||||空手而归 |||||leave or depart| 「空っぽになったら自分を責めなさい。」如果你们空手而归，那就怪自己吧。

They were but a handful of men against the Spaniards, who attacked them. 他们||但||少数人|||||||| 彼らは彼らを攻撃したスペイン人に対してほんの一握りの男性でした。他们不过是少数几个人，面对攻击他们的西班牙人。 As Drake led his little party of adventurers forward he was badly wounded, and fainted from loss of blood. ||带领|||队伍||||||严重|||昏倒|因||| ||||||||||||||lost consciousness|||| ||||||||||||||晕倒|||| 当德雷克带领他的小队冒险者向前推进时，他遭到了严重的伤害，并因失血过多而晕倒。 This prevented the Spanish treasure from being carried off by the English. |阻止了|||||||||| |verhinderte|||||||||| In questo modo si evitò che il tesoro spagnolo venisse portato via dagli inglesi. 这阻止了西班牙的财富被英国人劫走。 The sun rose next morning on their glorious failure, and the famous attempt on the "treasure-house of the world" was at an end. ||||||||neúspěch||||||||||||||| |||||||magnificent yet unsuccessful|||||||||||||||| 翌朝、彼らの輝かしい失敗で太陽が昇り、「世界の宝庫」での有名な試みは終わりました。第二天早上，阳光照耀在他们辉煌的失败上，著名的对“世界宝库”的尝试结束了。

But Drake was still undaunted. ||||unbeirrt ||||unafraid 但德雷克仍然毫不气馁。 Disasters befell him. |postihly| |降临于他| Disasters|happened to him| 灾难降临到他身上。 His brother died in his arms, thirty of his little band died of sickness, others were too ill to stand. |||||怀抱中|||||小队|||疾病|||||| 他的兄弟在他怀里死去，他的小团队中有三十人因病去世，其他人也病得无法站立。 It is impossible to follow all his adventures, but the story of how he first saw the Pacific Ocean must be told. ||||跟随|||冒险|||||||||||||| ||||||||except that||||||||||||| 跟随他所有的冒险是不可能的，但他第一次看到太平洋的故事必须被讲述。 With eighteen men and native guides he started off to climb the forest-clad spurs of the dividing ridge of mountains dividing the two seas. ||||||||||||||hřebeny|||||||||| |||||||||||||覆盖的|山脊的支脉|||||||||| ||||||||set out|||||covered with trees|foothills||||mountain range|||||| 18人の男性とネイティブガイドと共に、彼は2つの海を分割する山の分割尾根の森に覆われた拍車を登り始めました。 Com dezoito homens e guias nativos, ele partiu para escalar as esporas cobertas de florestas da cadeia de montanhas que dividia os dois mares. The expedition was not unlike that of Balboa some sixty years before. |||并不相似||||巴尔博亚|||| |||||||Spanish explorer|||| |||||||巴尔博亚|||| La spedizione non era diversa da quella di Balboa di circa sessant'anni prima. 这次探险与六十年前巴尔博亚的探险相似。 Arrived at the top, he climbed a tree, and for the first time an Englishman gazed on the vast Southern Sea, named by Magellan the Pacific Ocean. |||||||||||||||||||||||麦哲伦||| ||||||||||||||British person||||immense|||||Ferdinand Magellan||| 到达顶峰后，他爬上一棵树，第一次有英伦人注视着麦哲伦命名为太平洋的广阔南海。 Returning to his men, he fell on his knees, like a crusader of old, and besought "Almighty God of His goodness to give him life and leave to sail once in an English ship on that sea." |||||||||||křižák||||||||||||||||||||||||| 返回||||||在|||||十字军||||恳求||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||medieval knight||||earnestly begged for|All-powerful God|||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||恳求||||||||||||||||||||| 回到他的手下，他像古代的十字军战士一样跪下，恳求“全能的上帝，恩典给予他生命，让他能在那片海上乘坐英国船只航行一次。”

It was a great moment in the history of England. Jealously had Spain guarded this Southern Sea which now lay under the eyes of an Englishman. 嫉妒地|||||||||位于|||||| Vigilantly||||||||||||||| 西班牙一直嫉妒地守护着这片现在在一位英国人眼下的南海。