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The Book of Tea - Kakuzo Okakura, I. The Cup of Humanity

I. The Cup of Humanity

Tea began as a medicine and grew into a beverage. In China, in the eighth century, it entered the realm of poetry as one of the polite amusements. The fifteenth century saw Japan ennoble it into a religion of aestheticism--Teaism. Teaism is a cult founded on the adoration of the beautiful among the sordid facts of everyday existence. It inculcates purity and harmony, the mystery of mutual charity, the romanticism of the social order. It is essentially a worship of the Imperfect, as it is a tender attempt to accomplish something possible in this impossible thing we know as life.

The Philosophy of Tea is not mere aestheticism in the ordinary acceptance of the term, for it expresses conjointly with ethics and religion our whole point of view about man and nature. It is hygiene, for it enforces cleanliness; it is economics, for it shows comfort in simplicity rather than in the complex and costly; it is moral geometry, inasmuch as it defines our sense of proportion to the universe. It represents the true spirit of Eastern democracy by making all its votaries aristocrats in taste.

The long isolation of Japan from the rest of the world, so conducive to introspection, has been highly favourable to the development of Teaism. Our home and habits, costume and cuisine, porcelain, lacquer, painting--our very literature--all have been subject to its influence. No student of Japanese culture could ever ignore its presence. It has permeated the elegance of noble boudoirs, and entered the abode of the humble. Our peasants have learned to arrange flowers, our meanest labourer to offer his salutation to the rocks and waters. In our common parlance we speak of the man "with no tea" in him, when he is insusceptible to the serio-comic interests of the personal drama. Again we stigmatise the untamed aesthete who, regardless of the mundane tragedy, runs riot in the springtide of emancipated emotions, as one "with too much tea" in him.

The outsider may indeed wonder at this seeming much ado about nothing. What a tempest in a tea-cup! he will say. But when we consider how small after all the cup of human enjoyment is, how soon overflowed with tears, how easily drained to the dregs in our quenchless thirst for infinity, we shall not blame ourselves for making so much of the tea-cup. Mankind has done worse. In the worship of Bacchus, we have sacrificed too freely; and we have even transfigured the gory image of Mars. Why not consecrate ourselves to the queen of the Camelias, and revel in the warm stream of sympathy that flows from her altar? In the liquid amber within the ivory-porcelain, the initiated may touch the sweet reticence of Confucius, the piquancy of Laotse, and the ethereal aroma of Sakyamuni himself.

Those who cannot feel the littleness of great things in themselves are apt to overlook the greatness of little things in others. The average Westerner, in his sleek complacency, will see in the tea ceremony but another instance of the thousand and one oddities which constitute the quaintness and childishness of the East to him. He was wont to regard Japan as barbarous while she indulged in the gentle arts of peace: he calls her civilised since she began to commit wholesale slaughter on Manchurian battlefields. Much comment has been given lately to the Code of the Samurai, --the Art of Death which makes our soldiers exult in self- sacrifice; but scarcely any attention has been drawn to Teaism, which represents so much of our Art of Life. Fain would we remain barbarians, if our claim to civilisation were to be based on the gruesome glory of war. Fain would we await the time when due respect shall be paid to our art and ideals.

When will the West understand, or try to understand, the East? We Asiatics are often appalled by the curious web of facts and fancies which has been woven concerning us. We are pictured as living on the perfume of the lotus, if not on mice and cockroaches. It is either impotent fanaticism or else abject voluptuousness. Indian spirituality has been derided as ignorance, Chinese sobriety as stupidity, Japanese patriotism as the result of fatalism. It has been said that we are less sensible to pain and wounds on account of the callousness of our nervous organisation!

Why not amuse yourselves at our expense? Asia returns the compliment. There would be further food for merriment if you were to know all that we have imagined and written about you. All the glamour of the perspective is there, all the unconscious homage of wonder, all the silent resentment of the new and undefined. You have been loaded with virtues too refined to be envied, and accused of crimes too picturesque to be condemned. Our writers in the past--the wise men who knew--informed us that you had bushy tails somewhere hidden in your garments, and often dined off a fricassee of newborn babes! Nay, we had something worse against you: we used to think you the most impracticable people on the earth, for you were said to preach what you never practiced.

Such misconceptions are fast vanishing amongst us. Commerce has forced the European tongues on many an Eastern port. Asiatic youths are flocking to Western colleges for the equipment of modern education. Our insight does not penetrate your culture deeply, but at least we are willing to learn. Some of my compatriots have adopted too much of your customs and too much of your etiquette, in the delusion that the acquisition of stiff collars and tall silk hats comprised the attainment of your civilisation. Pathetic and deplorable as such affectations are, they evince our willingness to approach the West on our knees. Unfortunately the Western attitude is unfavourable to the understanding of the East. The Christian missionary goes to impart, but not to receive. Your information is based on the meagre translations of our immense literature, if not on the unreliable anecdotes of passing travellers. It is rarely that the chivalrous pen of a Lafcadio Hearn or that of the author of "The Web of Indian Life" enlivens the Oriental darkness with the torch of our own sentiments.

Perhaps I betray my own ignorance of the Tea Cult by being so outspoken. Its very spirit of politeness exacts that you say what you are expected to say, and no more. But I am not to be a polite Teaist. So much harm has been done already by the mutual misunderstanding of the New World and the Old, that one need not apologise for contributing his tithe to the furtherance of a better understanding. The beginning of the twentieth century would have been spared the spectacle of sanguinary warfare if Russia had condescended to know Japan better. What dire consequences to humanity lie in the contemptuous ignoring of Eastern problems! European imperialism, which does not disdain to raise the absurd cry of the Yellow Peril, fails to realise that Asia may also awaken to the cruel sense of the White Disaster. You may laugh at us for having "too much tea," but may we not suspect that you of the West have "no tea" in your constitution?

Let us stop the continents from hurling epigrams at each other, and be sadder if not wiser by the mutual gain of half a hemisphere. We have developed along different lines, but there is no reason why one should not supplement the other. You have gained expansion at the cost of restlessness; we have created a harmony which is weak against aggression. Will you believe it?--the East is better off in some respects than the West!

Strangely enough humanity has so far met in the tea-cup. It is the only Asiatic ceremonial which commands universal esteem. The white man has scoffed at our religion and our morals, but has accepted the brown beverage without hesitation. The afternoon tea is now an important function in Western society. In the delicate clatter of trays and saucers, in the soft rustle of feminine hospitality, in the common catechism about cream and sugar, we know that the Worship of Tea is established beyond question. The philosophic resignation of the guest to the fate awaiting him in the dubious decoction proclaims that in this single instance the Oriental spirit reigns supreme.

The earliest record of tea in European writing is said to be found in the statement of an Arabian traveller, that after the year 879 the main sources of revenue in Canton were the duties on salt and tea. Marco Polo records the deposition of a Chinese minister of finance in 1285 for his arbitrary augmentation of the tea-taxes. It was at the period of the great discoveries that the European people began to know more about the extreme Orient. At the end of the sixteenth century the Hollanders brought the news that a pleasant drink was made in the East from the leaves of a bush. The travellers Giovanni Batista Ramusio (1559), L. Almeida (1576), Maffeno (1588), Tareira (1610), also mentioned tea. In the last-named year ships of the Dutch East India Company brought the first tea into Europe. It was known in France in 1636, and reached Russia in 1638. England welcomed it in 1650 and spoke of it as "That excellent and by all physicians approved China drink, called by the Chineans Tcha, and by other nations Tay, alias Tee."

Like all good things of the world, the propaganda of Tea met with opposition. Heretics like Henry Saville (1678) denounced drinking it as a filthy custom. Jonas Hanway (Essay on Tea, 1756) said that men seemed to lose their stature and comeliness, women their beauty through the use of tea. Its cost at the start (about fifteen or sixteen shillings a pound) forbade popular consumption, and made it "regalia for high treatments and entertainments, presents being made thereof to princes and grandees." Yet in spite of such drawbacks tea-drinking spread with marvellous rapidity. The coffee-houses of London in the early half of the eighteenth century became, in fact, tea-houses, the resort of wits like Addison and Steele, who beguiled themselves over their "dish of tea." The beverage soon became a necessity of life--a taxable matter. We are reminded in this connection what an important part it plays in modern history. Colonial America resigned herself to oppression until human endurance gave way before the heavy duties laid on Tea. American independence dates from the throwing of tea-chests into Boston harbour.

There is a subtle charm in the taste of tea which makes it irresistible and capable of idealisation. Western humourists were not slow to mingle the fragrance of their thought with its aroma. It has not the arrogance of wine, the self- consciousness of coffee, nor the simpering innocence of cocoa. Already in 1711, says the Spectator: "I would therefore in a particular manner recommend these my speculations to all well-regulated families that set apart an hour every morning for tea, bread and butter; and would earnestly advise them for their good to order this paper to be punctually served up and to be looked upon as a part of the tea-equipage." Samuel Johnson draws his own portrait as "a hardened and shameless tea drinker, who for twenty years diluted his meals with only the infusion of the fascinating plant; who with tea amused the evening, with tea solaced the midnight, and with tea welcomed the morning."

Charles Lamb, a professed devotee, sounded the true note of Teaism when he wrote that the greatest pleasure he knew was to do a good action by stealth, and to have it found out by accident. For Teaism is the art of concealing beauty that you may discover it, of suggesting what you dare not reveal. It is the noble secret of laughing at yourself, calmly yet thoroughly, and is thus humour itself,--the smile of philosophy. All genuine humourists may in this sense be called tea-philosophers,--Thackeray, for instance, and of course, Shakespeare. The poets of the Decadence (when was not the world in decadence? ), in their protests against materialism, have, to a certain extent, also opened the way to Teaism. Perhaps nowadays it is our demure contemplation of the Imperfect that the West and the East can meet in mutual consolation.

The Taoists relate that at the great beginning of the No-Beginning, Spirit and Matter met in mortal combat. At last the Yellow Emperor, the Sun of Heaven, triumphed over Shuhyung, the demon of darkness and earth. The Titan, in his death agony, struck his head against the solar vault and shivered the blue dome of jade into fragments. The stars lost their nests, the moon wandered aimlessly among the wild chasms of the night. In despair the Yellow Emperor sought far and wide for the repairer of the Heavens. He had not to search in vain. Out of the Eastern sea rose a queen, the divine Niuka, horn-crowned and dragon-tailed, resplendent in her armor of fire. She welded the five-coloured rainbow in her magic cauldron and rebuilt the Chinese sky. But it is told that Niuka forgot to fill two tiny crevices in the blue firmament. Thus began the dualism of love--two souls rolling through space and never at rest until they join together to complete the universe. Everyone has to build anew his sky of hope and peace.

The heaven of modern humanity is indeed shattered in the Cyclopean struggle for wealth and power. The world is groping in the shadow of egotism and vulgarity. Knowledge is bought through a bad conscience, benevolence practiced for the sake of utility. The East and the West, like two dragons tossed in a sea of ferment, in vain strive to regain the jewel of life. We need a Niuka again to repair the grand devastation; we await the great Avatar. Meanwhile, let us have a sip of tea. The afternoon glow is brightening the bamboos, the fountains are bubbling with delight, the soughing of the pines is heard in our kettle. Let us dream of evanescence, and linger in the beautiful foolishness of things.

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I. The Cup of Humanity The Cup|The concept of|Vessel of humanity|belonging to|Human kindness ||Copa||A Humanidade ||||İnsanlık ||||人性之杯 ||Kuppi(1)|| ||||La humanidad I. Der Kelch der Menschlichkeit I. Το κύπελλο της ανθρωπότητας I. La Copa de la Humanidad I. جام بشریت I. La coupe de l'humanité I. Il calice dell'umanità I.人類の杯 I. Puchar Ludzkości I. A Taça da Humanidade I. Чаша человечества I. İnsanlık Kupası I. Чаша людства 一、人类之杯

Tea began as a medicine and grew into a beverage. |||||||||напиток ||||médicament||est devenue||| Herbal drink|originated|initially as|started as|healing remedy|as well as|developed into|transformed to|second|drink chá||||remédio|e|tornou-se|||bebida ||||Medizin|||||Getränk ||||||büyüdü|bir||içecek |||||||||სასმელი ||||药物|||||饮料 |بدأ|||دواء||أصبح|إلى||مشروب ||||ліки|||||напій ||||lääkkeenä||||| |||||||||पेय |||||||||bebida Çay, bir ilaç olarak başladı ve bir içecek haline geldi. 茶起初是药物,后来演变成一种饮料。 In China, in the eighth century, it entered the realm of poetry as one of the polite amusements. |||||||вошло||область||поэзии||||||развлечения |||||||est entrée||domaine||poésie||||||divertissements Within|the country|Within|the|8th|100-year period||joined||field||verse or art|||||courteous activities|leisure activities |China|||oitavo século|século oitavo||entrou||reino|da|poesia||||a|corteses|diversões elegantes |||||||||Bereich||Dichtung|||||höflichen|Vergnügungen |Çin|||sekizinci|yüzyıl||girdi||alanına||şiir|||||nazik|eğlenceler |||||||||სამყაროში|||||||საკულტურო|გასართობები ||||第八世纪|||进入了||领域|||||||雅致|消遣活动 |الصين|||الثامن|القرن|||||||||||| |||||||увійшло в||сфера||||||||розваги |||||||||alueeseen|||||||| |||||||||||||||||diversiones elegantes In China, in the eighth century, it entered the realm of poetry as one of the polite amusements. Çin'de, sekizinci yüzyılda, nazik eğlencelerden biri olarak şiir alanına girdi. У Китаї, у восьмому столітті, він увійшов у сферу поезії як одна з ввічливих розваг. 在中国,公元8世纪,茶进入了诗歌领域,成为一种文雅的消遣。 The fifteenth century saw Japan ennoble it into a religion of aestheticism--Teaism. |||||возвышает||||||эстетизм|чайная философия |quinzième|||le Japon|ennoblir||||religion||esthétisme|le théisme |fifteenth = quindicesimo|century|saw|Japan|elevate to nobility||transform into||spiritual practice||artistic appreciation|Tea culture |décimo quinto||||ennobrecê||||||esteticismo|o Teísmo |||||"erheben zu"||||Religion der Ästhetik||Ästhetik|Teismus |on beşinci|||Japonya|yüceltmek||||din||estetikçilik|Çaycilik |||მოიტანა|იაპონია|მაღლებულობს||||||Estეტიზმი|ჩაის კულტურა 在|十五世纪|世纪|||升华为||||宗教信仰||唯美主义|茶道主义 |||||||||||الجمالية|ديانة الشاي |||бачив||звеличувати||в релігію||||естетизм|Чайна церемонія |||||ylentää||||||| |||||||||||अवधारणा| |quince||||ennoblecer||||||esteticismo|Teísmo The fifteenth century saw Japan ennoble it into a religion of aestheticism--Teaism. On beşinci yüzyılda Japonya, onu estetik bir din haline getirdi - Teizm. У п'ятнадцятому столітті Японія перетворила його на релігію естетизму - теїзм. 15世纪,日本将茶精致化为一种审美的宗教--茶道。 Teaism is a cult founded on the adoration of the beautiful among the sordid facts of everyday existence. |||культ||||обожании||||среди||гнусных||||существования |||კულტურა||||მოწიწება||||||ბინძური|||| tea culture|||movement belief system|established created|||deep admiration|||lovely|within||dirty or unpleasant|facts||daily|daily life Teísmo|||culto|fundado|||adoração|||belo|entre|a|sórdidos|fatos||cotidiana|existência Teismus|||Kult||||Verehrung|der||||den|schmutzig|Fakten|||Existenz Çayseverlik|||kültür|kurulmuş|||tapınma|||güzel|içinde||aşağılık|gerçekler||gündelik|varlık |||||||adoration|||||||||quotidienne| ||||创立于|||崇拜||||之中|||||| Чайний культ||||заснований на|||поклоніння||||||похмурий|||| |||||||||||||sotkuisista|||| |||culto||||adoración||||||sórdido|||| Teaism is a cult founded on the adoration of the beautiful among the sordid facts of everyday existence. Teizm, günlük varoluşun kirli gerçekleri arasında güzelliğin tapınması üzerine kurulu bir tarikat. Чайїзм - це культ, заснований на обожнюванні прекрасного серед брудних фактів повсякденного існування. 茶道是一种以对美之崇拜为基础的信仰,是在日常存在中卑俗事实之间的一种神秘。 It inculcates purity and harmony, the mystery of mutual charity, the romanticism of the social order. |внедряет|чистоту||||||взаимной|благотворительность||романтизм социальной структуры|||| |შენარჩუნებს|სიწმინდე||||||მუტუალური|მუტუალური სიკეთე|||||| |Instills|purity||peaceful coexistence||mystery|related to|reciprocal|mutual kindness||idealized emotion|||| |inculca|pureza||harmonia||mistério||mútua|caridade||romantismo|||social|ordem es|vermittelt|Reinheit||Harmonie|||||||Romantik|||| ||pureté||||mystère||||||||| |灌输|纯洁||和谐||奥秘|||||浪漫主义|||| |يغرس|||||||||||||| |прищеплює|чистоту||||||взаємного|благодійність||романтика соціального устрою|||| |opettaa|||||||||||||| |inculca||||||||caridad mutua||romanticismo|||| It inculcates purity and harmony, the mystery of mutual charity, the romanticism of the social order. Saflık ve uyumu, karşılıklı hayırseverliğin gizemini, sosyal düzenin romantikliğini aşılar. Вона прищеплює чистоту і гармонію, таїнство взаємного милосердя, романтизм суспільного устрою. 它灌输纯洁与和谐,互惠相爱的奥秘,社会秩序的浪漫主义。 It is essentially a worship of the Imperfect, as it is a tender attempt to accomplish something possible in this impossible thing we know as life. ||по сути||поклонение|||Неповторимое||это|||нежная|попытка||достичь|||||||||| |||||||არასრულებელი|||||მშვენიერი|||||||||საქმე|||| |is|fundamentally||worship|||Imperfect|||||gentle and sincere|attempt||accomplish|something|possible|||||||| ||||culto||||||||delicada|tentativa||realizar|||||||||| ||||Verehrung|||Unvollkommenen|||||zarte|||erreichen|etwas|||||||||Leben ||本质上||崇拜|||不完美|||||温柔的|尝试||完成||可能的|||不可能的|||||生活 ||||поклоніння|||недосконалого|||||ніжний|||досягти|||||||||| ||||adoración||||||||delicado||||||||||||| It is essentially a worship of the Imperfect, as it is a tender attempt to accomplish something possible in this impossible thing we know as life. Temelde, bu yaşam olarak bildiğimiz imkansız şeyde mümkün olan bir şeyi başarma yönündeki nazik bir çaba olarak, Eksik olanın bir ibadeti. Це, по суті, поклоніння недосконалому, оскільки це ніжна спроба здійснити щось можливе в цій неможливій речі, яку ми знаємо як життя. 这本质上是对“不完美”的崇拜,因为它是对我们所知道的生活这个不可能的事物中努力实现可能性的温柔尝试。

The Philosophy of Tea is not mere aestheticism in the ordinary acceptance of the term, for it expresses conjointly with ethics and religion our whole point of view about man and nature. ||||||просто|эстетизм||||принятии||||||выражает|совместно||||||||||||| ||||||მხოლოდ|||||მიღება|||||||||||||||||||| |Philosophy of Tea|||||mere|artistic appreciation||||common understanding||||||it expresses|jointly with||ethics = the moral principles that govern a person's behavior||||||possessive particle||||| |||||||esteticismo|||comum|aceitação|||termo||||conjuntamente||||||toda||||||| die|Philosophie|||||bloße|Ästhetik||||Akzeptanz|||Begriff|||drückt aus||||||||Standpunkt||Sichtweise|||| |哲学|||||仅仅|唯美主义|||普通的|通常意义||||||表达了|共同地||伦理学||宗教信仰|||观点||观点|||| |||||||अवधारणा|||||||||||संयुक्त रूप से||||||||||||| ||||||простий|естетизм||||прийняття|||||вона|виражає|спільно з||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||yhdessä||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||conjuntamente||ética||||||||||| The Philosophy of Tea is not mere aestheticism in the ordinary acceptance of the term, for it expresses conjointly with ethics and religion our whole point of view about man and nature. Філософія чаю - це не просто естетизм у звичайному розумінні цього терміну, оскільки вона виражає разом з етикою і релігією всю нашу точку зору на людину і природу. 茶道哲学并非仅仅是通常意义上的美学主义,因为它与伦理学和宗教一起表达了我们关于人类和自然的整体观点。 It is hygiene, for it enforces cleanliness; it is economics, for it shows comfort in simplicity rather than in the complex and costly; it is moral geometry, inasmuch as it defines our sense of proportion to the universe. ||гигиена|||обеспечивает|чистота|||||||||простота|скорее||||||дорогой|||||в той мере|||определяет||||пропорции||| ||cleanliness practices|for||it enforces|cleanliness|||||||||la semplicità|||||complicated||costly = expensive|||ethical|geometry|to the extent|||defines||||||| ||higiene|||impõe|limpeza|||||||conforto||||do que|||||cara|||||na medida|||||||||| ||Hygiene|||verlangt|Sauberkeit|||Wirtschaftlichkeit||||||Einfachheit||||||||||moral|Geometrie||||||||Proportion|||Universum ||卫生|||强制执行|清洁卫生|||经济学||||舒适感||简朴|而不是||||||昂贵的|||道德|几何学|因为|||定义了||感觉||比例感|||宇宙 ||гігієна|||забезпечує|чистота|||економіка||||комфорт|||||||||дорогий||||моральна геометрія|оскільки|||||||||| |||||refuerza|limpieza||||||||||||||||costoso|||||en la medida|||define||||||| 茶道是卫生学,因为它强调清洁;它是经济学,因为它展示了简约而不是复杂昂贵带来的舒适感;它是道德几何学,因为它定义了我们与宇宙的比例感。 It represents the true spirit of Eastern democracy by making all its votaries aristocrats in taste. |представляет|||||||||||приверженцы|аристократами||вкусе |represents = it represents|||||||||||devoted followers|nobility|| ||||||Oriental||||||devotos|aristocratas||gosto |repräsentiert|||Geist||||||||Anhänger|||Geschmack |代表||||||民主制度|||||信徒|贵族阶层|| ||||||||||||послідовники||| ||||||||||||ihmiset||| ||||||||||||devotos|||gusto 茶道通过使所有信徒成为品味上的贵族,代表了东方民主的真正精神。

The long isolation of Japan from the rest of the world, so conducive to introspection, has been highly favourable to the development of Teaism. ||изоляция|||||остальной|||||способствовавший||интроспекция||||благоприятным||||| The||||||||||||favorable for introspection||self-examination||||||||| A|||de|||||||||propícia||||||favorável||||| ||Isolation||||||||||förderlich||Introspektion|||sehr||||Entwicklung|| ||隔离||||||||||有助于||反省|||非常|有利于|||发展|| ||||||||||||сприятливий для||інтроспекція||||||||| ||||||||||||edullinen introspektiolle||itsetutkiskelulle||||||||| ||||||||||||Propicio para||||||favorable||||| 日本长期与世界其他地区隔离,这种有利于反思的情况对茶道的发展非常有利。 Our home and habits, costume and cuisine, porcelain, lacquer, painting--our very literature--all have been subject to its influence. |||||||фарфор|лак||||||||||| ||||cost||cuisine|Fine china|varnished woodwork||||||||||| |casa||hábitos|costume||culinária|porcelana|laca|pintura|||||||||| |||Gewohnheiten||||Porzellan|Lackwaren||||Literatur|||||||Einfluss |||习惯|服饰||烹饪文化|瓷器|漆器|绘画|||文学作品||受到||受影响|||影响 ||||||кухня|фарфор|лак||||||||||| ||||costumbres||||laca||||||||||| 我们的家庭和习惯,服装和烹饪,瓷器,漆器,绘画--甚至连我们的文学--都受到了它的影响。 No student of Japanese culture could ever ignore its presence. ||||文化|||忽视||存在 |||||||||Präsenz |||||||ignore|| ||||||||sua| |||||||||присутствие It has permeated the elegance of noble boudoirs, and entered the abode of the humble. ||проникло||элегантность||благородных|бюро для женщин||||жилище|||скромных ||spread throughout||elegance|||private sitting rooms||come into||home|||less privileged ||permeou||elegância|||os boudoirs||||morada|||humilde ||durchdrungen||Eleganz|||||||Wohnstätte||| ||渗透了||优雅气质|||闺房||进入了||住所||| |вона|проникло||елегантність|||||||житло|||скромних |||||||||||asuinpaikka||| ||permeado|||||tocadores elegantes||||morada||| Вона пронизала елегантність шляхетних будуарів і проникла в оселі скромних. 它已经渗透到高贵闺房的优雅中,并进入了平凡家庭的住所。 Our peasants have learned to arrange flowers, our meanest labourer to offer his salutation to the rocks and waters. |крестьяне||||устраивать|||самый бедный|работяга||предлагать||приветствие||||| |rural workers||acquired the skill|||||poorest|lowest worker||||greeting||||| |os camponeses||||dispor|||mais humilde|trabalhador||||saudação||as||| |||||arrangieren||||Arbeiter|||seine|Gruß||||und| |农民||学会了||布置|||最卑微的|劳动者|去|||致敬|||岩石||水流 ||||||||найбідніший|||привітати||привітання||||| |campesinos|||||||más humilde|trabajador manual||||saludo||||| Наші селяни навчилися складати квіти, наш найбідніший робітник - вітатися зі скелями і водами. 我们的农民已经学会插花,我们最低微的劳动者也学会向岩石和水体致意。 In our common parlance we speak of the man "with no tea" in him, when he is insusceptible to the serio-comic interests of the personal drama. ||общем|языке||||||||||||||неподверженный|||серьезно-комический||интересы|||| |||manner of speaking||||||||||||||Not affected by|||serious and comic|serio-comic|||||drama ||comum|linguagem||||||||||||||insensível|||||||||drama |||Sprache||||||||||||||unempfänglich|||serio|||||| ||常见的|说法||||||||||||||不受影响的|||严肃的|滑稽的|兴趣||||戏剧性事件 |||мовленні||||||||||||він||незворотний|||серйозно-ком|||||| |||kielessämme||||||||||||||vastuuttomampi|||vakava|||||| |||jerga común||||||||||||||insensible|||serio|||||| У нашій звичайній мові ми говоримо про людину "без чаю в душі", коли вона несприйнятлива до серіально-комічних інтересів особистої драми. 在我们的日常用语中,当一个人对个人戏剧的严肃喜剧情趣不敏感时,我们会说他"没有茶"。 Again we stigmatise the untamed aesthete who, regardless of the mundane tragedy, runs riot in the springtide of emancipated emotions, as one "with too much tea" in him. ||осуждаем||неприручённого|эстет||независимо|||обычной|трагедия||беспорядок|||весеннем приливе||освобожденных|эмоциях|||||||| ||stigmatize||wild and free|art lover|||||ordinary|||riot = riot|||spring season||set free|||||||||within him ||||indomável|esteta desregrado||independentemente|||mundana|tragédia|se descontrola|se descontrola|||maré alta||||||||||| ||stigmatisieren||ungezähmten|Ästhetiker||unabhängig von|||alltäglichen||geht|randalieren|||Frühlingstide||emanzipierten||||||||| ||污名化||不羁的|审美家||不顾一切|||平凡的|悲剧||肆意妄为|||春潮时期||解放的|情感释放|||||||| Знову||стигматизує||неконтрольований|естет||незважаючи на|||буденний||||||весняний прили||емансипованих||||||||| ||||||||||||||||kevättulva||||||||||| ||estigmatizamos||indomable|esteta desenfrenado||||||||desata|||marea alta||emancipadas||||||||| Ми знову тавруємо неприборканого естета, який, незважаючи на буденну трагедію, буяє у припливі емансипованих емоцій, як такого, що "перебрав чаю". 我们再次玷污了那些未被驯化的审美主义者,不顾世俗的悲剧,放纵在解放情感的春风中,就像他体内“喝了太多茶”。

The outsider may indeed wonder at this seeming much ado about nothing. |||действительно||||кажущемся||шум|| |||||about||apparent|a great deal of|fuss or commotion||trivial matter |estranho||de fato||||||muito alvoroço|| |Außenseiter|||sich wundern||||||| |局外人||确实|感到惊讶|||表面上的||大惊小怪|| |||||||||метушні|| |||||||||melua|| |||||||||alboroto|| Сторонній спостерігач може справді здивуватися, що так багато галасу з нічого. 外人确实会对这看似无关紧要的事情感到惊讶。 What a tempest in a tea-cup! ||буря|||| ||Exaggerated commotion|||| ||tempestade|||| ||Sturm|||| ||小题大做|||| ||буря|||| ||tempestad|||| Що за буря в склянці чаю! 这只不过是纷扰中的一场茶杯风暴! he will say. But when we consider how small after all the cup of human enjoyment is, how soon overflowed with tears, how easily drained to the dregs in our quenchless thirst for infinity, we shall not blame ourselves for making so much of the tea-cup. ||||||||||||удовольствие||||переполняется||||легко|опустошен|||осадок|||неутолимом|жажда||бесконечности||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||overflowed|||||drained|||last remains|||unending|thirst||infinity||will not||||||||||| |||consideramos|||||||||prazer||||transborda||||facilmente|esvaziada|||resíduos finais|||insaciável|sede||||não||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||überläuft||Tränen|||geleert|||Satz|||unstillbaren|||Unendlichkeit||||beschuldigen||||||||| |||考虑到|||毕竟||||||享乐||||溢满||眼泪||轻易地|耗尽|||残渣||我们的|难以遏制的|对无限的渴望||无限性||||责怪|我们自己|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||дно|||неутолимій|||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||pohjat|||samumaton jano|||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||desbordado|||||vaciada|||sedimentos|||Inagotable|||||habremos||||||||||| 但当我们考虑到人类享乐的杯子实际上是多么小,多么快就被眼泪淹没,多么容易被我们对无限的渴望耗尽到底时,我们不会责怪自己对茶杯过分重视。 Mankind has done worse. человечество||| die Menschheit|hat|getan|schlimmer A humanidade||| 人類はもっと悪いことをしてきた。 人类做得更糟。 In the worship of Bacchus, we have sacrificed too freely; and we have even transfigured the gory image of Mars. ||поклонении||Бахус|||жертвовали||свободно|||||преобразили||кровавый||| ||||Dionysus||||||||||transformed||bloody|depiction||god of war |||||||||livremente|||||transfigurado||sanguinolenta||| ||||Bacchus|||opferte|||||||verwandelt||blutige||| |在|崇拜||巴克斯|||牺牲了||过于放纵|||||变形了||血腥的|||战神玛尔斯 ||||||||||||||||криваве||| ||||||||||||||||verinen||| ||||Baco||||||||||transfigurado||sangriento|||Marte 在奉献给酒神的崇拜中,我们牺牲得太多;甚至我们还美化了血腥的战神形象。 Why not consecrate ourselves to the queen of the Camelias, and revel in the warm stream of sympathy that flows from her altar? ||посвятить|||||||камелиям||наслаждаться||||||сочувствия|||||алтарь ||dedicate to|||||||camellias||delight in||||stream||sympathy|||||altar ||consagrar|||||||Camelias (1)||deliciar-nos||||||simpatia||||| ||weihen|uns||||||Kamelien||sich erfreuen|||||||||||Altar ||奉献|我们自己|||茶花女王|||茶花女王||陶醉于||||暖流||同情心||流淌|||祭坛 |||||||||||насолоджуватися|||||||||||алтаря |||||||||||nauttia||||||||||| ||consagrar a|||||||Camelias||regocijemos||||corriente cálida|||||||altar 为什么不将自己奉献给山茶花女王,陶醉于从她的祭坛流淌出的温暖同情之潮呢? In the liquid amber within the ivory-porcelain, the initiated may touch the sweet reticence of Confucius, the piquancy of Laotse, and the ethereal aroma of Sakyamuni himself. |||янтарь|внутри||слоновой|фарфоре||посвящённый|||||сдержанность||Конфуций||острота||Лао-цзы|||эфирный|||Сиддхартха|самого себя ||liquid|amber|||Ivory-colored porcelain|||initiated|||||reserved nature||||spicy sharpness||Laozi|||delicate, heavenly essence|aroma||Sakyamuni| ||flüssigen|Bernsteinflüssigkeit|||Elfenbein|||Eingeweihte|||||Zurückhaltung||Konfuzius||Würze||||||||| ||液体|琥珀色液体|之中|||||入门者||触及||甜美|含蓄之美||孔子||辛辣之味||老子|||空灵的|香气||释迦牟尼|他本人 ||||||||||||||ретиценція|||||||||ефірний|||| |||ámbar líquido|||marfil-porcelana||||||||reticencia dulce||||picante atractivo||Laotse|||etérea|aroma||Sakyamuni| 在象牙瓷器内的液状琥珀中,受过启蒙的人可以感受到孔子甘甜的含蓄、老子的辛辣和释迦牟尼本人的空灵芳香。

Those who cannot feel the littleness of great things in themselves are apt to overlook the greatness of little things in others. |||||渺小感|||||自身||容易||忽视||伟大||||| |||||Insignificance|||||||likely to||overlook||greatness||||| |||||Pequeñez|||||||||||||||| |||||малость|||||себе||склонны||упускать||великое||||| 那些不能感受到自己的伟大 小事物 之微小的人,往往会忽视他人的小事物之伟大。 The average Westerner, in his sleek complacency, will see in the tea ceremony but another instance of the thousand and one oddities which constitute the quaintness and childishness of the East to him. средний|средний|западный человек|||гладкой|самодовольство|||||||только||пример||||||||составляют||привлекательность||детскость||||| ||Westerner|||smooth self-satisfaction|self-satisfaction||||||cerimonia|||example||||||unusual customs||constitute = constitute||quaintness||childishness||||| |||||elegante|complacência|||||||||||||||estranhezas||||singularidade pitoresca||infantilidade||||| ||||||Selbstzufriedenheit|||||||||||||||Kuriositäten||||Eigenart||||||| |平均|西方人|||自满的|自满情绪||||||茶道|||例子|||千百||一千零一|怪异之处||构成||古雅之处||幼稚行为|||东方|| |||||гладкій|самовдоволення|||||||||||||||дивності||||||||||| ||||||itsenäisyys|||||||||||||||||||omalaatuisuus||||||| |||||pulida|complacencia|||||||||||||||rarezas||||singularidad||infantilismo||||| 在他那种时髦的自满中,一般的西方人认为茶道只是东方滑稽和幼稚的千奇百态之一。 He was wont to regard Japan as barbarous while she indulged in the gentle arts of peace: he calls her civilised since she began to commit wholesale slaughter on Manchurian battlefields. ||привык||считать|||варварский|||занималась|||нежные|||мира||||цивилизованной|||||совершать|оптовое|убийство||Маньчжурии| ||Accustomed|||||uncivilized|||indulged||||||||||||||||large-scale|slaughter||Manchurian|battlefields ||gewohnt|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||习惯于||视为|||野蛮的|同时||沉溺于||||||和平艺术||||文明的|自从||||犯下|大规模||||战场 ||||||||||занурювалася|||||||||||||||||||| ||solía|||||bárbara|||se entregaba a||||||||||||||||a gran escala|matanza masiva||manchurianos| 他过去常常把日本视为野蛮的国家,而在和平时期她沉迷于温文尔雅的艺术;自从她在满洲战场上大规模屠杀后,他开始称她文明了。 Much comment has been given lately to the Code of the Samurai, --the Art of Death which makes our soldiers exult in self- sacrifice; but scarcely any attention has been drawn to Teaism, which represents so much of our Art of Life. ||||||||武士道|||武士道||艺术生活||||使得||士兵们|欢欣鼓舞|||||几乎没有||关注|||引起注意||茶道主义||代表着||||||| |attention||||||||||Samurai|||||||||rejoice in|||||barely any|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||Samuráis|||||||||exultan||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||радоваться|||||едва||внимание|||обращено||||представляет||||||| 近来人们对武士道的准则——即让我们的士兵为自我牺牲而沉醉的死亡之道做出了很多评论;但对茶道却几乎没有引起任何关注,而茶道代表着我们生命的艺术的许多方面。 Fain would we remain barbarians, if our claim to civilisation were to be based on the gruesome glory of war. всегда|||остаться||||претензия|||||||||ужасной|слава|| Gladly||||barbarians|||||civilization|||||||horrifying|honor|| gern||||||||||||||||grässlichen||| 宁愿|||保持|野蛮人|||||文明||||基于|||||| то||||||||||||||||жахливій||| mieluummin||||||||||||||||||| De buena gana|||||||||civilización|||||||Horrible||| 如果我们的文明荣耀要建立在战争的可怕荣耀上,我们宁愿永远保持野蛮。 Fain would we await the time when due respect shall be paid to our art and ideals. 乐意|||期待||||应有的|尊重|||||||| |||||||proper|||||||||ideals con gusto|||||||||||||||| охотно|||ждать||||должный||||||||| 我们宁愿等待一个时机,我们的艺术和理想能够得到应有的尊重。

When will the West understand, or try to understand, the East? |||西方|理解||||理解|| 西方何时会理解,或试图理解东方? We Asiatics are often appalled by the curious web of facts and fancies which has been woven concerning us. |亚洲人|||震惊|||奇怪的|网络||事实||幻想|||||| |noi asiatici|||shocked and dismayed||||||||fancies = fancies||||interwoven, created|| ||||обурені|||||||||||||| |asiáticos|||horrorizados||||||||fantasías||||tejido|| |азиаты|||ужасаются||||||||выдумок||||составлена|о нас| 我们亚洲人经常对围绕我们编织的奇特事实和幻想感到震惊。 We are pictured as living on the perfume of the lotus, if not on mice and cockroaches. ||描绘||生活|||香气|||莲花香气||||老鼠||蟑螂 ||||||||||||||||Kakerlaken ||||||||||lotus||||||cockroaches ||||||||||loto||||ratones||cucarachas |||||||аромате|||лотоса||||мышах||тараканах 人们把我们描绘成生活在莲花的香气中,如果不是生活在老鼠和蟑螂身上。 It is either impotent fanaticism or else abject voluptuousness. |||импотентное|фанатизм|||низменное|восторг |||powerless|extreme zeal|||utterly degraded|sensual indulgence ||||||||üppige Sinnlichkeit ||要么|无能的|狂热主义|||卑鄙的|纵欲 |||||||низька|вульгарність |||||||alhainen|ylpeys |||impotente|fanatismo|||absoluta|voluptuosidad abyecta 要么是无能的狂热主义,要么就是卑贱的淫乐主义。 Indian spirituality has been derided as ignorance, Chinese sobriety as stupidity, Japanese patriotism as the result of fatalism. |духовность|||воспринята с насмешкой||невежество||трезвость||глупость||патриотизм|||||фатализм |spiritualità|||mocked||||clear-mindedness||stupidity||patriotism|||||belief in fate ||||verspottet||||Nüchternheit|||||||||Fatalismus 印度的|精神信仰|||嘲笑||无知|中国人|清醒||愚蠢|日本的|爱国主义|||结果||宿命论 ||||||||malttisuus||||||||| |espiritualidad|||ridiculizado||||sobriedad||estupidez||patriotismo|||||fatalismo 印第安灵性被讥为无知,中国冷静被视为愚蠢,日本爱国主义被视为宿命的结果。 It has been said that we are less sensible to pain and wounds on account of the callousness of our nervous organisation! ||||||||чувствительны||||||из-за|||черствость|||| ||||||||||||wounds|||||Insensitive nature||||organization |||||||||||||||||Gefühllosigkeit|||nervösen| |||||||较少|敏感||疼痛||伤口||由于|||麻木不仁|||神经系统|神经系统 |||||||||||||||||tunteettomuus|||| ||||||||||||heridas|||||insensibilidad||||organización 有人说我们对疼痛和伤口不够敏感,是因为我们神经组织的麻木!

Why not amuse yourselves at our expense? ||取乐|你们自己|||费用 ||amuse|yourselves||| ||divertirse|||| ||развлекать|себя|||расходах 为什么不以我们为乐呢? Asia returns the compliment. |回礼||回礼 |||compliment 亚洲回报了这种恭维。 There would be further food for merriment if you were to know all that we have imagined and written about you. |||дальшая|||веселья|||||||||||||| |||additional|||amusement or joy|||||||||||||| ||||||Heiterkeit|||||||||||||| |||更多的|||欢乐||||||||||想象的||写下的|| ||||||веселощів|||||||||||||| ||||||alegría|||||||||||||| 如果你知道我们想象和写下的关于你的一切,那将会有更多的笑料。 All the glamour of the perspective is there, all the unconscious homage of wonder, all the silent resentment of the new and undefined. ||гламур||||||||бессознательном|дань||восторга||||недовольство|||||неопределённого ||glamour||||||||inconscio|respectful admiration||||||resentment = a feeling of displeasure or anger about something perceived as wrong|||||undefined |||||||||||Huldigung||||||stille Abneigung||||| ||魅力|||视角|||||无意识的|敬意||惊叹|||无声的|怨恨|||||未定义的 |||||||||||kunnioitus||||||||||| ||glamour|||||||||homenaje inconsciente|||||||||||indefinido 透视中所有的魅力都在那里,所有的无意中的奇思怪想的尊敬,所有的新和未定义的无声怨恨。 You have been loaded with virtues too refined to be envied, and accused of crimes too picturesque to be condemned. |||нагружен||достоинства||изысканные|||завидовать||обвинён||||живописные|||осуждены |||loaded||virtù|||||jealously desired||||||colorful||| ||||||||||envidiado/a||||||pintorescos||| |||||||вишуканими|||заздрити||||||||| Our writers in the past--the wise men who knew--informed us that you had bushy tails somewhere hidden in your garments, and often dined off a fricassee of newborn babes! |||||||||||||||пухлые|хвосты||скрытых|||одежде|||ужинали|||фрикасе|||младенцев ||||||||||informed|||||bushy|tails|||||clothing items|||ate dinner|||stewed dish||infant children|newborn babies |||||||||||||||||||||Kleidern||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||одязі||||||||| |||||||||||||||pörröiset||||||||||||frikadelli||| |||||||||||||||peludas||||||vestiduras|||cenaban con|||fricasé||recién nacidos|bebés Nay, we had something worse against you: we used to think you the most impracticable people on the earth, for you were said to preach what you never practiced. мы||||||||||||||непрактичные||||||||||проповедовать|||| No||||||||||||||impracticable||||||||||advocate without practicing|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||проповідувати|||| No, al contrario||||||||||||||impracticables||||||||||predicar||||

Such misconceptions are fast vanishing amongst us. такие|заблуждения|||исчезают|среди| |misconceptions|||disappearing|| ||||desapareciendo|| Commerce has forced the European tongues on many an Eastern port. |||||languages||||| Asiatic youths are flocking to Western colleges for the equipment of modern education. |молодежь||стекаются||||||оснащение||| asiatici|||gathering in large numbers|||universities|||equipment||| asiáticos|jóvenes||acudiendo en masa||||||||| Our insight does not penetrate your culture deeply, but at least we are willing to learn. |понимание|||||||||||||| |усвідомлення|||||||||||||| Some of my compatriots have adopted too much of your customs and too much of your etiquette, in the delusion that the acquisition of stiff collars and tall silk hats comprised the attainment of your civilisation. |||соотечественники||усвоили||||||||||||||иллюзия|||приобретение||жестких|галстуков|||||составляло||достижение|||цивилизации |||compatriots|||||||traditions and practices||||||etiquette|||||||||collars|||||||the attainment||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||umfasste||Erreichung||| |||співвітчизників||||||||||||||||ілюзії|||придбання||||||||складалася||досягнення||| |||maanmiehet|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||compatriotas|||||||||||||etiqueta|||ilusión|||||rígidos|cuellos|||sombreros de seda|sombreros|constituía||logro de||| Pathetic and deplorable as such affectations are, they evince our willingness to approach the West on our knees. патетические||жалкое|||претензии|||выражают||готовность||подойти||||| ||||||||zeigen||||||||| patetico||deplorable|||affectations|||show||||||||| ||deplorable|||afectaciones|||evidencian|||||||||de rodillas Unfortunately the Western attitude is unfavourable to the understanding of the East. |||отношение||неблагоприятно|||||| The Christian missionary goes to impart, but not to receive. |||||давать||||получать |||||vermitteln|||| |||||share knowledge|||| |||||передати|||| Your information is based on the meagre translations of our immense literature, if not on the unreliable anecdotes of passing travellers. ||||||скудных||||огромной||||||недостоверные|||проходящих| ||||||insufficient||||||||||unreliable|||| ||||||||||||||||unzuverlässigen|||| ||||||бідних|переклади|||величезної||||||недостовірні|||| ||||||niukka|||||||||||||| ||||||escasas|||||||||||||| It is rarely that the chivalrous pen of a Lafcadio Hearn or that of the author of "The Web of Indian Life" enlivens the Oriental darkness with the torch of our own sentiments. ||редко|||рыцарское|||||||||||||||||освещает||||||огнем||||чувства |||||Gallant or noble|writing|||Lafcadio Hearn|Lafcadio Hearn||||||||||||brightens||||||torch||||feelings |||||ritterlich|||||||||||||||||belebt|||||||||| |||||лицарський||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||ritarillinen||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||caballeresco||||Lafcadio|Hearn||||||||||||aviva||||||antorcha||||

Perhaps I betray my own ignorance of the Tea Cult by being so outspoken. возможно||выдаю|||незнание||||||||откровенным |||||||||||||offenherzig |||||||||||||відвертим |||||||||||||franco Its very spirit of politeness exacts that you say what you are expected to say, and no more. ||суть||вежливости|требует|||||||||||| |||||demands|||||||||||| But I am not to be a polite Teaist. ||||||||Aber ich bin kein höflicher Teetrinker. ||||||||tea enthusiast ||||||||teaista So much harm has been done already by the mutual misunderstanding of the New World and the Old, that one need not apologise for contributing his tithe to the furtherance of a better understanding. ||вреда|||||||взаимном|||||||||||||извиняться||внося||десятина|||содействию|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||"Beitrag"|||Förderung|||| ||||||||||misunderstanding||||||||||||apologize||adding to||small contribution|||advancement|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||disculparse||||diezmo|||promoción|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||osuus||||||| The beginning of the twentieth century would have been spared the spectacle of sanguinary warfare if Russia had condescended to know Japan better. |||||||||избежало бы||спектакль||кровопролитной|войны||||соблаговолила|||| |||||||||avoided||dramatic event||bloody|war||||humbly agreed|||| |||||||||||||blutiger|||||herabgelassen|||| |||||||||||||кривавої|війни|||||||| |||||||||||||verinen sota||||||||| |||||||||evitado||||sanguinaria||||||||| What dire consequences to humanity lie in the contemptuous ignoring of Eastern problems! |ужасные|последствия|||лежат|||презрительном|||| |ernsthaften|||||||verächtliche|||| |serious and urgent|||||||disdainful disregard of|||| |Graves|||||||despectiva|||| ||||||||halventava|välinpitämättömyys||| European imperialism, which does not disdain to raise the absurd cry of the Yellow Peril, fails to realise that Asia may also awaken to the cruel sense of the White Disaster. |||||пренебрегать|||||||||Опасность|не||осознать|||||пробудиться|||жестоком|||||Катастрофа |||||verachtet es nicht||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||look down on|||||||||danger|fails||||||||||||||| |||||зневажає||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||despreciar|||||||||peligro amarillo|||||||||||||||| You may laugh at us for having "too much tea," but may we not suspect that you of the West have "no tea" in your constitution? |||||||||||||||||||||||||конституции ||||||||||||||suspect|||||||||||makeup

Let us stop the continents from hurling epigrams at each other, and be sadder if not wiser by the mutual gain of half a hemisphere. ||||||бросания|||||||сожалеем|||умнее|||взаимной||||| ||||||schleudern|Wortspiele||||||trauriger||||||||||| ||||continents||throwing|witty remarks||||||sadder|||more knowledgeable||||||||half sphere ||||||кидання||||||||||||||збагачення|||| ||||||lanzando epigramas|epigramas||||||más tristes||||||||||| We have developed along different lines, but there is no reason why one should not supplement the other. ||развивались|||||||||||||дополнять|| |||||||||||||||enhance|| You have gained expansion at the cost of restlessness; we have created a harmony which is weak against aggression. ||достигли|расширение|||||беспокойство||||(одну)||||слаба|| |||growth|||||unease||||||||||aggression ||||||||неспокій|||||||||| Will you believe it?--the East is better off in some respects than the West! |||||||||||aspects|||West

Strangely enough humanity has so far met in the tea-cup. странно|||||||||| oddly enough|||||||||| It is the only Asiatic ceremonial which commands universal esteem. |||||||||уважение |||||||||Anerkennung |||||ritualistic||commands|| |||||||||поваги |||||||||estima universal The white man has scoffed at our religion and our morals, but has accepted the brown beverage without hesitation. ||||насмехался||||||||||||напиток||колебаниями ||||mocked||||||ethics|||||||| ||||посміявся|||||||||||||| ||||se burló||||||||||||||sin dudar The afternoon tea is now an important function in Western society. |afternoon tea||||||||| In the delicate clatter of trays and saucers, in the soft rustle of feminine hospitality, in the common catechism about cream and sugar, we know that the Worship of Tea is established beyond question. |||стук||подносов||блюдца||||шуршании||женского||||||||||||||Поклонение||||установлено|| |||rattling sound||serving dishes||saucers||||soft sound||feminine|hospitality||||standard questions||||||||||||||| |||дребезжання|||||||||||||||катехізм||||||||||||||| |||sonido de platos||bandejas||platillos||||susurro|||||||||||||||||||||| The philosophic resignation of the guest to the fate awaiting him in the dubious decoction proclaims that in this single instance the Oriental spirit reigns supreme. ||смирение||||||судьбу|ожидающему||||сомнительном|отвар|прокладывает|||||случае||восточный||царит|высшим |philosophical|acceptance|||||||awaiting||||uncertain|Brewed mixture|declares|||||||||rules supreme| |||||||||||||сумнівному|відвар||||||||||панує| |filosófica||||||||||||dudosa|decocción|proclama|||||||||reina|

The earliest record of tea in European writing is said to be found in the statement of an Arabian traveller, that after the year 879 the main sources of revenue in Canton were the duties on salt and tea. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||дохода|||||пошлины|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Canton||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||доходів||||||||| Marco Polo records the deposition of a Chinese minister of finance in 1285 for his arbitrary augmentation of the tea-taxes. ||||свержение||||||||||произвольное|увеличение|||| ||||removal from office||||||||||unjustified|increase|||| ||||||||||||||произвольне|збільшення|||| ||||destitución|||||||||||aumento arbitrario|||| It was at the period of the great discoveries that the European people began to know more about the extreme Orient. At the end of the sixteenth century the Hollanders brought the news that a pleasant drink was made in the East from the leaves of a bush. |||||шестнадцатом|||||||||приятный|||||||||листьев|||куста ||||||||Dutch|||||||||||||||||| |||||siglo|||holandeses|||||||||||||||hojas||| The travellers Giovanni Batista Ramusio (1559), L. Almeida (1576), Maffeno (1588), Tareira (1610), also mentioned tea. ||Giovanni|Batista|||Almeida|Maffeno|Tareira||| In the last-named year ships of the Dutch East India Company brought the first tea into Europe. ||||||||holandeses||||||||| It was known in France in 1636, and reached Russia in 1638. England welcomed it in 1650 and spoke of it as "That excellent and by all physicians approved China drink, called by the Chineans Tcha, and by other nations Tay, alias Tee." ||||||||||||||врачами|одобренным|||||||||||||иначе| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||also known as| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||відомий як| |||||||||||||||||||||los Chineanos|Tcha|||||Tay||Tee

Like all good things of the world, the propaganda of Tea met with opposition. Heretics like Henry Saville (1678) denounced drinking it as a filthy custom. ||||осуждали|||||грязный| Heretics||Henry|Saville|criticized|||||| |||||||||брудна| |||||||||asquerosa| Jonas Hanway (Essay on Tea, 1756) said that men seemed to lose their stature and comeliness, women their beauty through the use of tea. ||||||||казалось||||статуру||привлекательность|||||||| ||||||||||||||Anmut|||||||| |Hanway|||||||||||||comeliness|||||||| ||||||||||||||привабливість|||||||| |Hanway|||||||||||estatura||belleza|||||||| Its cost at the start (about fifteen or sixteen shillings a pound) forbade popular consumption, and made it "regalia for high treatments and entertainments, presents being made thereof to princes and grandees." ||||||||||||запрещала||потребление|||||||тратам||развлечения||||этого|||| ||||||||||||verbot||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||shillings|||prevented||||||royal privilege items|||||||||of it||||grandees |||||||||||||||||||||||||||їх|||| |||||||||chelines|||prohibía||||||regalia|||||entretenimientos||||de ello||||grandes dignatarios Yet in spite of such drawbacks tea-drinking spread with marvellous rapidity. ||несмотря|||недостатков||||||скоростью |||||desventajas|||||| The coffee-houses of London in the early half of the eighteenth century became, in fact, tea-houses, the resort of wits like Addison and Steele, who beguiled themselves over their "dish of tea." |||||||||||||||||||излюбленное место||умов||||||развлекали|||||| |||||||||||||||||||||Geistigen||||||vergnügten|||||| |||||||||||||||||||||clever individuals||Addison||Steele||entertained|||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||розважали|||||| |||||||||||||||||||||ingeniosidades||Addison||||se entretuvieron|||||| The beverage soon became a necessity of life--a taxable matter. |напиток||||необходимость||||налогооблагаемое|вещь |||||||||sujeta a impuestos| We are reminded in this connection what an important part it plays in modern history. ||напоминает|||||||||||| Colonial America resigned herself to oppression until human endurance gave way before the heavy duties laid on Tea. ||смирилась|||угнетению|||выносливость||||||налоги|наложенные|| ||||||||витривалість||||||||| ||||||||resistencia humana||||||||| American independence dates from the throwing of tea-chests into Boston harbour. ||||||||ящиков||| ||||||||||Boston|harbor ||||||||ящиків||| ||||||||cajas de té|||

There is a subtle charm in the taste of tea which makes it irresistible and capable of idealisation. |||тонкий||||||||||неотразимым||способным|| |||||||||||||||||idealización |||тонкий|||||||||||||| Western humourists were not slow to mingle the fragrance of their thought with its aroma. ||||||смешать||аромата|||||| ||||||змішати||аромату|||||| |humoristas|||||mezclar|||||||| It has not the arrogance of wine, the self- consciousness of coffee, nor the simpering innocence of cocoa. ||||арогантность|||||самосознание|||||слащавой|невинность|| ||||||||||||||excessive coyness||| ||||arrogancia||||||||||sonrisa tonta||| Already in 1711, says the Spectator: "I would therefore in a particular manner recommend these my speculations to all well-regulated families that set apart an hour every morning for tea, bread and butter; and would earnestly advise them for their good to order this paper to be punctually served up and to be looked upon as a part of the tea-equipage." |||||||поэтому|||особом|||||размышления||||||||||||||||||||серьезно|||||||||||||||||||по|||||||попечительство |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||tea set |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||приладдя |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||seria||||||||||||||||||||||||||equipaje Samuel Johnson draws his own portrait as "a hardened and shameless tea drinker, who for twenty years diluted his meals with only the infusion of the fascinating plant; who with tea amused the evening, with tea solaced the midnight, and with tea welcomed the morning." ||||||||закалённый||бессовестный|||||||разбавлял||пищу||||настой|||увлекательного|||||развлекал|||||утешал|||||||| Samuel|Johnson|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||comforted by|||||||| |||||||||||||||||розбавляв|||||||||||||||||||втішав|||||||| ||||||||endurecido|y|descarado|||||||diluyó||||||infusión||||||||divirtió|||||consoló||||||||

Charles Lamb, a professed devotee, sounded the true note of Teaism when he wrote that the greatest pleasure he knew was to do a good action by stealth, and to have it found out by accident. Чарльз|||явный|поклонник|настроил|||ноту||чайная философия|||||||удовольствие||||||||||незаметно||||||узнано|| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||heimlich|||||||| Charles|Lamb||||||||||||||||||||||||||in secret|||||||| ||||devoto|||||||||||||||||||||||a escondidas|||||||| ||||дослідник|||||||||||||||||||||||таємно|||||||| For Teaism is the art of concealing beauty that you may discover it, of suggesting what you dare not reveal. ||||||скрывать||||||||предложить|||осмеливаешься||раскрыть ||||||ocultar||||||||||||| It is the noble secret of laughing at yourself, calmly yet thoroughly, and is thus humour itself,--the smile of philosophy. |||благородный|||смеяться|||спокойно||тщательно|||так|||||| All genuine humourists may in this sense be called tea-philosophers,--Thackeray, for instance, and of course, Shakespeare. |настоящие||||||||||||например|||| |||||||||||English novelist||||||Shakespeare |||||||||||||||||Шекспір |||||||||||Thackeray|||y|||Shakespeare The poets of the Decadence (when was not the world in decadence? ||||Moral decline period||||||| |||||||||||декаденції ||||decadencia||||||| ), in their protests against materialism, have, to a certain extent, also opened the way to Teaism. ||||||||определённой|степени|||||| ||||materialismo||||||||||| Perhaps nowadays it is our demure contemplation of the Imperfect that the West and the East can meet in mutual consolation. |||||скромное|размышление|||Неперфектном||||||||||взаимной|утешении |||||modest and reserved|thoughtful consideration|||||||||||||| ||||||роздуми||||||||||||||втіха |||||modesta|||||||||||||||consuelo

The Taoists relate that at the great beginning of the No-Beginning, Spirit and Matter met in mortal combat. ||говорят||||||||||||Материя|||| ||повідають|||||||||||||||| ||relatan|||||||||||||||| At last the Yellow Emperor, the Sun of Heaven, triumphed over Shuhyung, the demon of darkness and earth. на|||||||||победил|||||||| |||||||||triunfó|sobre|Shuhyung||demonio|||| ||||Імператор||||||||||||| The Titan, in his death agony, struck his head against the solar vault and shivered the blue dome of jade into fragments. ||||||ударил||||||свод||разбил|||купол||нефрит|| ||||||||||||vault||||||||| ||||||||||||склепіння||розбив|||купол|||| ||||||||||||cúpula||tembló|||cúpula||jade|| The stars lost their nests, the moon wandered aimlessly among the wild chasms of the night. ||||гнёзда|||блуждала|бессмысленно||||пропастей||| ||||||||||||deep gaps||| ||||nidos|||vagaba|sin rumbo||||abismos||| In despair the Yellow Emperor sought far and wide for the repairer of the Heavens. |отчаянии||||искал||||||ремонтника|||Небес |||||||||||reparador||| He had not to search in vain. ||||||напрасно ||||||en vano Out of the Eastern sea rose a queen, the divine Niuka, horn-crowned and dragon-tailed, resplendent in her armor of fire. ||восточного|||восстала||||божественная|||||||сияющая||||| ||||||||||Divine queen Niuka||||||Radiant in armor||||| ||||||||||||||||сіяюча||||| ||||||||||Niuka|cuerno|coronada|||de cola|resplandeciente|||armadura|| She welded the five-coloured rainbow in her magic cauldron and rebuilt the Chinese sky. |сварила||||||||котел||||| |зварила||||||||казан||||| |soldó||||||||caldero||||| But it is told that Niuka forgot to fill two tiny crevices in the blue firmament. |||||||||||щели||||небе |||||||||||small gaps||||sky or heavens |||||||||||щілини|||| |||||Niuka||||||hendiduras|||| Thus began the dualism of love--two souls rolling through space and never at rest until they join together to complete the universe. |||dualismo||||||||||||||||||| Everyone has to build anew his sky of hope and peace. ||||новое|||||| ||||знову|||||| ||||de nuevo||||||

The heaven of modern humanity is indeed shattered in the Cyclopean struggle for wealth and power. |||||||разрушен|||Циклопической|борьбе||богатство|| ||||||||||ciclópea||||| The world is groping in the shadow of egotism and vulgarity. |||блуждает|||||эгоизма||вульгарности |||struggling||||||| |||блукає||||||| |||manoseando|||||egotismo||vulgaridad Knowledge is bought through a bad conscience, benevolence practiced for the sake of utility. ||куплено|через|||совесть|доброжелательность||||ради||польза |||||||доброта||||||користі The East and the West, like two dragons tossed in a sea of ferment, in vain strive to regain the jewel of life. ||||||||брошены|||||смятение||напрасно|стараются||восстановить||драгоценность|| ||||||||thrown about|||||turbulent change|||struggle努力|||||| |||||||||||||сум'яття|||прагнуть||||драгоцінність|| |||||||||||||fermento|||luchan|||||| We need a Niuka again to repair the grand devastation; we await the great Avatar. ||||||починить||великое|опустошение||ждем||| |||savior or hero|||||||||||savior or hero |||||||||||esperamos||| Meanwhile, let us have a sip of tea. тем временем|||||глоток|| The afternoon glow is brightening the bamboos, the fountains are bubbling with delight, the soughing of the pines is heard in our kettle. ||светение||освещает||||||бьются||радостью||шумение|||сосен|||||чайник ||||||||||||||whispering sound|||||||| ||resplandor||ilumina||bambúes||||burbujean||||susurro||||||||olla Let us dream of evanescence, and linger in the beautiful foolishness of things. ||||непостоянство||задержаться||||глупости|| ||||Fleeting nature||stay a while|||||| ||||evanescencia||permanecer||||necedad|| ||||ефемерності||||||||