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It`s Okay To Be Smart, Making a Hurricane Indoors (For Science)

Making a Hurricane Indoors (For Science)

This is what it's like to be

in a category five hurricane.

Deadly, deadly winds and waves here.

This is unbelievable.

These are Earth's most powerful storms

up to a thousand miles across

and capable of devastating coastal areas

with massive rains,

surging waves and sustained winds

of more than 160 miles per hour.

Hurricanes, also known as typhoons or tropical cyclones,

form over warm tropical oceans,

where they draw up huge amounts of heat,

energy, and moisture.

A hurricane's intensity depends

on how much energy it can pull from warm ocean water.

And as humans have changed the climate,

the oceans have heated up creating the potential

for more intense hurricanes happening more often.

So in order to better predict the destructive impact

of these swirling superstorms and to save lives,

scientists have built this,

a machine that can create

the worst imaginable hurricane conditions indoors.

(gentle music)

Hey, smart people, Joe here.

No one knows exactly when it's gonna happen

but at some point in the future,

a hurricane is going to make landfall right near

where I am standing right now.

And that's a potentially disastrous scenario

because this Southern tip

of Florida is home to more than 6 million people.

On August 24th, 1992,

hurricane Andrew made landfall 25 miles south of Miami

bringing with it a 16 foot high storm surge

and 165 mile an hour winds,

and leaving in its wake $25 billion worth of damage

and more than 40 deaths.

Andrew was a category five storm,

the highest rating of hurricane intensity.

Damage from a category five storm hitting Miami today

could easily exceed $100 billion.

With more people and buildings near the coast

than ever before and in other densely

populated coastal areas around the world,

the potential for devastation is similar.

Scientists have gotten pretty good

at predicting the paths that hurricanes will take,

but predicting how powerful those hurricanes

will be is a much less accurate process.

The models simply aren't refined enough.

To create better tools to make these predictions,

scientists have to get

up close and study hurricanes in detail.

Scientists have created many advanced tools to

study hurricanes using remote instruments

by flying into them and even following them from space.

But many of the mysteries they need to solve

require looking at storms up close

and collecting data at extremely small scales.

Unfortunately,

studying the world's most powerful

storms up close and personal is pretty dangerous work.

Unless you can make the hurricane

come to you by creating a hurricane.

Brian.

- Hi Joe.

This is the SUSTAIN wind wave laboratory.

SUSTAIN stands for surge,

structure, atmosphere, interaction.

- [Joe] This has gotta be one of the coolest science

toys to play with in the world.

Is this cool?

- Well you still get a chill sometimes watching it,

even though I've seen it run hundreds of times by now.

- [Joe] The SUSTAIN lab at the University

of Miami is a giant wind tunnel

and wave machine combo that allows scientists to

study where the atmosphere meets the ocean

and how they interact all the way up to category five

hurricane conditions.

- The category five storm is defined by wind speed.

That's about 155 miles an hour sustained winds.

Obviously that's a wind that none of us,

unless we are jumping out of airplanes

or sports cars--

- [Joe] Or F1 drivers.

- Have no experience with, but it is

tremendously hazardous to life and property.

- [Joe] And you can make that in here?

- We can create the conditions right here

that is equivalent to a category five hurricane.

This is the largest structure in the world that like this

that can blow this kind of wind speed over water.

And look at the combined loads.

- [Joe] Is there like a big button

that just says hurricane on?

- We have a, it's a pretty much like a Frankenstein lever.

We will turn it on.

- I really wanna turn this thing on.

You think we can do that?

- Yeah, I think we can do that.

- Okay. I'm really looking forward to this.

- For the wind.

- You make it nice and simple.

So you're like, do this first.

Do this second.

- Anybody can figure it out.

When that lever is pushed,

a 1500 horsepower fan draws in air

from outside the facility,

which is then squeezed down

like a giant leaf blower increasing its velocity

before it enters the tank,

their giant paddles push

on the water to create the waves

that will flow across the surface.

- So this is a Wavemaker drive

that controls the wave patterns like computer programming.

These drives will send out the math algorithm

and convert it to electrical signals

so that Wavemaker will be able to know how

we're gonna make them move.

- [Joe] So you get custom waves.

- Yes, exactly.

- [Joe] You ever have like tiny surfer toys

you want to put in there?

- We did.

We actually put some little yellow ducks.

(duck quacking)

- So we just put a camera inside the hurricane tank

so that you could see what it would be

like to be in a category five.

Do not recommend.

You've got a big red button here.

- That's our emergency stop on the Wavemaker.

- Let's make a hurricane.

Starting to kick up.

- We're starting out here with just wind

and then as we get up to full wind

we're gonna turn on the waves too.

- I think it's gonna get pretty hard

to hear us here a a minute.

Can you estimate how fast this is right now?

It was at the full cat five right there.

- So more than 165?

- Yeah. More than that.

- Wow.

I'm glad we're out here and not in there.

Seeing category five

hurricane winds from literal feet away was pretty awesome.

And also kind of terrifying

because I remember those winds are powerful enough

to do stuff like this.

Yikes.

- One of the key gaps

in hurricane prediction has been the intensity.

- And that can be a huge problem

if something like this happens.

In 2017,

hurricane Maria intensified from a category one

to a category five storm in just 18 hours,

leaving those in its path little time to prepare

or seek shelter and ultimately causing more

than 3000 deaths on the islands of Dominica and Puerto Rico.

Hurricanes can grow from dangerous to potentially

historic levels of destruction in basically no time flat.

So being able to predict several days in advance

whether a hurricane will be powerful

could allow more time for evacuation and save lives.

This storm machine is already helping scientists

better understand how hurricanes grow.

As a hurricane's winds blow over the waves,

the rough surface of the ocean exerts a drag on the storm,

sucking energy out of it similar to how friction slows

down a sliding object by removing its kinetic energy.

What we'd expect is

as a hurricane gets stronger, rougher seas,

and bigger waves would suck out even more energy,

preventing storms from growing too quickly.

But what they've shown using the hurricane simulator

is when wind reaches a certain high speed,

that drag levels off and stops slowing the storm down.

- When you blow the wind, it makes these huge waves.

The energy that was

in the wind went into making those waves.

As the winds get really intense,

you might get the wind not really interacting as much.

- [Joe] It almost feels like if I was

in a car and I started going really fast,

that all of a sudden my tires would stop sticking

to the road as well as they did when I was going slowly.

- Exactly.

That's a good way of looking at it.

And all of a sudden

the friction just disappears on your tires and--

- [Joe] As soon as you hit 60 miles an hour,

it's like, oh,

the road turned to ice.

Findings like these are

already helping scientists create more accurate models

that can predict earlier and more accurately

when hurricanes will rapidly intensify.

What makes this giant hurricane lab so special

isn't just the intense winds or crashing waves.

It's being able to observe both

of them as one interacting system.

- If we didn't have the waves coming in,

then we wouldn't really be able

to look at very many problems.

People tend to think of, oh, a storm surge.

That's you see a five foot storm surge or something

like that is a forecast and think, well,

my house is at eight feet, I should be fine.

Well that doesn't take into account that you

have 150 mile an hour winds pushing that water towards you.

You'd have waves coming

in that are huge waves breaking just giant bore of water.

Water's heavy.

Water is really heavy.

Try to take a five gallon container of water

and walk a long distance carrying it.

It's a lot of weight.

So water's a thousand times heavier than air.

So when you get that wave hitting the structure,

that's tremendously more loading than the air alone.

- Despite some pretty far out ideas

ranging from using bubbles to cool the ocean

to dropping literal nukes into the eye of a storm,

it's probably impossible to stop a hurricane,

but we can use engineering to make things more resilient

and even turn to nature for inspiration.

You see, before all this was here,

coastlines like this were covered

in mangrove forests and healthy coral reefs far offshore,

both of which are nature's two best ideas

to minimize the impact of hurricanes.

So in addition

to restoring those natural defenses,

engineers are using them as inspiration

for things that we can build ourself.

- So these are sea hives.

They're called sea hives because they look like beehives

with these little holes

and they're designed to be artificial breakwater

so that the waves will break offshore

on the sea hives like a few miles offshore.

It will make energy dissipate so

that the waves are weaker when they reach our shoreline

so we are protected by these structures.

- It comes down to this.

Our planet is getting warmer and warmer

and so are our oceans and that's creating

the potential for stronger and stronger storms.

So it's essential that we learn everything

we can about them to minimize the risks,

save lives and learn to live

with some of the effects of climate change.

If you're one of the hundreds of millions of people

around the world who live in an area

that could be hit by a hurricane,

a typhoon or tropical cyclone,

well be thankful that there are scientists getting

up close and personal with hurricanes

so that you don't have to one day.

Stay curious.

Hey guys, that was an amazing thing to see.

I wanna say thank you to everyone who supports the show

on Patreon for helping make videos like this possible.

If you'd like to find out how you can support the show,

help us make more videos like this,

see more cool stuff,

also find out about videos before anybody else,

and I have a bunch of other cool stuff,

there's a link down a description where you can learn more

and I will see you in the next video.

Oh, and one more thing.

I went this entire video without making a really

bad dad joke about how this science blew me away.

So can I get a high five?

Oh, fantastic.

It survived.

Guess I made the joke after all.

So it doesn't really count.

Okay. Well, I tried.

Making a Hurricane Indoors (For Science) ||Ураган||| Ein Wirbelsturm im Haus (für die Wissenschaft) Making a Hurricane Indoors (For Science) Hacer un huracán en el interior (para la ciencia) Fabriquer un ouragan à l'intérieur (pour la science) Creare un uragano in casa (per la scienza) 室内でハリケーンを起こす(科学のために) Een orkaan binnenshuis maken (voor de wetenschap) Tworzenie huraganu w pomieszczeniu (dla nauki) Fazer um furacão dentro de casa (para a ciência) Создание урагана в помещении (Для науки) Kapalı Alanda Kasırga Oluşturmak (Bilim İçin) Створення урагану в приміщенні (для науки) 在室内制造飓风(科学用途) 在室內製造颶風(科學用途)

This is what it's like to be ||||||olmak Oto jak to jest być

in a category five hurricane.

Deadly, deadly winds and waves here. Śmiercionośne wiatry i fale.

This is unbelievable.

These are Earth's most powerful storms

up to a thousand miles across

and capable of devastating coastal areas |||руйнівний||

with massive rains,

surging waves and sustained winds підвищення|||постійні|

of more than 160 miles per hour.

Hurricanes, also known as typhoons or tropical cyclones, Урагани||||тайфуни|||циклонів

form over warm tropical oceans,

where they draw up huge amounts of heat, gdzie pobierają ogromne ilości ciepła,

energy, and moisture.

A hurricane's intensity depends |урагану|| Intensywność huraganu zależy od

on how much energy it can pull from warm ocean water. od tego, ile energii może pobrać z ciepłych wód oceanicznych.

And as humans have changed the climate,

the oceans have heated up creating the potential |||потепліли||||

for more intense hurricanes happening more often.

So in order to better predict the destructive impact |||||||руйнівний|

of these swirling superstorms and to save lives, |||суперштормів||||

scientists have built this,

a machine that can create

the worst imaginable hurricane conditions indoors.

(gentle music)

Hey, smart people, Joe here.

No one knows exactly when it's gonna happen

but at some point in the future,

a hurricane is going to make landfall right near ||||||вихід на сушу||

where I am standing right now.

And that's a potentially disastrous scenario ||||катастрофічний сценарій|

because this Southern tip

of Florida is home to more than 6 million people.

On August 24th, 1992,

hurricane Andrew made landfall 25 miles south of Miami

bringing with it a 16 foot high storm surge

and 165 mile an hour winds,

and leaving in its wake $25 billion worth of damage

and more than 40 deaths.

Andrew was a category five storm,

the highest rating of hurricane intensity.

Damage from a category five storm hitting Miami today

could easily exceed $100 billion.

With more people and buildings near the coast

than ever before and in other densely

populated coastal areas around the world,

the potential for devastation is similar. |||знищення|| the potential for devastation is similar.

Scientists have gotten pretty good Scientists have gotten pretty good

at predicting the paths that hurricanes will take,

but predicting how powerful those hurricanes

will be is a much less accurate process.

The models simply aren't refined enough.

To create better tools to make these predictions, |||||||прогнози

scientists have to get

up close and study hurricanes in detail.

Scientists have created many advanced tools to

study hurricanes using remote instruments

by flying into them and even following them from space.

But many of the mysteries they need to solve

require looking at storms up close

and collecting data at extremely small scales.

Unfortunately,

studying the world's most powerful

storms up close and personal is pretty dangerous work.

Unless you can make the hurricane

come to you by creating a hurricane.

Brian.

- Hi Joe.

This is the SUSTAIN wind wave laboratory.

SUSTAIN stands for surge,

structure, atmosphere, interaction.

- [Joe] This has gotta be one of the coolest science

toys to play with in the world.

Is this cool?

- Well you still get a chill sometimes watching it,

even though I've seen it run hundreds of times by now.

- [Joe] The SUSTAIN lab at the University

of Miami is a giant wind tunnel

and wave machine combo that allows scientists to

study where the atmosphere meets the ocean

and how they interact all the way up to category five

hurricane conditions.

- The category five storm is defined by wind speed.

That's about 155 miles an hour sustained winds.

Obviously that's a wind that none of us,

unless we are jumping out of airplanes

or sports cars--

- [Joe] Or F1 drivers.

- Have no experience with, but it is

tremendously hazardous to life and property. |небезпечний||||

- [Joe] And you can make that in here?

- We can create the conditions right here

that is equivalent to a category five hurricane.

This is the largest structure in the world that like this

that can blow this kind of wind speed over water.

And look at the combined loads.

- [Joe] Is there like a big button

that just says hurricane on?

- We have a, it's a pretty much like a Frankenstein lever. ||||||||||важіль

We will turn it on.

- I really wanna turn this thing on.

You think we can do that?

- Yeah, I think we can do that.

- Okay. I'm really looking forward to this.

- For the wind.

- You make it nice and simple.

So you're like, do this first.

Do this second.

- Anybody can figure it out.

When that lever is pushed,

a 1500 horsepower fan draws in air

from outside the facility,

which is then squeezed down

like a giant leaf blower increasing its velocity ||||вентилятор|||

before it enters the tank,

their giant paddles push ||весла|

on the water to create the waves

that will flow across the surface.

- So this is a Wavemaker drive ||||драйв Wavemaker|

that controls the wave patterns like computer programming.

These drives will send out the math algorithm

and convert it to electrical signals

so that Wavemaker will be able to know how

we're gonna make them move.

- [Joe] So you get custom waves.

- Yes, exactly.

- [Joe] You ever have like tiny surfer toys ||||||серфінгіст|

you want to put in there?

- We did.

We actually put some little yellow ducks.

(duck quacking)

- So we just put a camera inside the hurricane tank

so that you could see what it would be

like to be in a category five.

Do not recommend.

You've got a big red button here.

- That's our emergency stop on the Wavemaker.

- Let's make a hurricane.

Starting to kick up.

- We're starting out here with just wind

and then as we get up to full wind

we're gonna turn on the waves too.

- I think it's gonna get pretty hard

to hear us here a a minute.

Can you estimate how fast this is right now?

It was at the full cat five right there.

- So more than 165?

- Yeah. More than that.

- Wow.

I'm glad we're out here and not in there.

Seeing category five

hurricane winds from literal feet away was pretty awesome.

And also kind of terrifying

because I remember those winds are powerful enough

to do stuff like this.

Yikes.

- One of the key gaps

in hurricane prediction has been the intensity.

- And that can be a huge problem

if something like this happens.

In 2017,

hurricane Maria intensified from a category one ||посилився||||

to a category five storm in just 18 hours,

leaving those in its path little time to prepare

or seek shelter and ultimately causing more

than 3000 deaths on the islands of Dominica and Puerto Rico. ||||||Домініка||Ріко|Пуерто-Рико

Hurricanes can grow from dangerous to potentially

historic levels of destruction in basically no time flat.

So being able to predict several days in advance

whether a hurricane will be powerful

could allow more time for evacuation and save lives. |||||евакуація|||

This storm machine is already helping scientists

better understand how hurricanes grow.

As a hurricane's winds blow over the waves,

the rough surface of the ocean exerts a drag on the storm, ||||||викликає опір||сила опору|||

sucking energy out of it similar to how friction slows

down a sliding object by removing its kinetic energy.

What we'd expect is

as a hurricane gets stronger, rougher seas, |||||грубіші|

and bigger waves would suck out even more energy,

preventing storms from growing too quickly.

But what they've shown using the hurricane simulator

is when wind reaches a certain high speed,

that drag levels off and stops slowing the storm down.

- When you blow the wind, it makes these huge waves.

The energy that was

in the wind went into making those waves.

As the winds get really intense,

you might get the wind not really interacting as much.

- [Joe] It almost feels like if I was

in a car and I started going really fast,

that all of a sudden my tires would stop sticking ||||||шини|||

to the road as well as they did when I was going slowly.

- Exactly.

That's a good way of looking at it.

And all of a sudden

the friction just disappears on your tires and--

- [Joe] As soon as you hit 60 miles an hour,

it's like, oh,

the road turned to ice.

Findings like these are Висновки|||

already helping scientists create more accurate models

that can predict earlier and more accurately

when hurricanes will rapidly intensify.

What makes this giant hurricane lab so special

isn't just the intense winds or crashing waves.

It's being able to observe both

of them as one interacting system.

- If we didn't have the waves coming in,

then we wouldn't really be able

to look at very many problems.

People tend to think of, oh, a storm surge.

That's you see a five foot storm surge or something

like that is a forecast and think, well,

my house is at eight feet, I should be fine.

Well that doesn't take into account that you

have 150 mile an hour winds pushing that water towards you.

You'd have waves coming

in that are huge waves breaking just giant bore of water.

Water's heavy.

Water is really heavy.

Try to take a five gallon container of water

and walk a long distance carrying it.

It's a lot of weight.

So water's a thousand times heavier than air.

So when you get that wave hitting the structure,

that's tremendously more loading than the air alone.

- Despite some pretty far out ideas

ranging from using bubbles to cool the ocean

to dropping literal nukes into the eye of a storm, |||ядерні бомби|||око|||шторм

it's probably impossible to stop a hurricane,

but we can use engineering to make things more resilient

and even turn to nature for inspiration.

You see, before all this was here,

coastlines like this were covered

in mangrove forests and healthy coral reefs far offshore, ||||||||за межами узбережжя

both of which are nature's two best ideas

to minimize the impact of hurricanes.

So in addition

to restoring those natural defenses,

engineers are using them as inspiration

for things that we can build ourself.

- So these are sea hives.

They're called sea hives because they look like beehives ||||||||вулики

with these little holes

and they're designed to be artificial breakwater ||||||штучний хвилеріз

so that the waves will break offshore

on the sea hives like a few miles offshore.

It will make energy dissipate so ||||дисипувати|

that the waves are weaker when they reach our shoreline |||||||||берег

so we are protected by these structures.

- It comes down to this.

Our planet is getting warmer and warmer

and so are our oceans and that's creating

the potential for stronger and stronger storms.

So it's essential that we learn everything

we can about them to minimize the risks,

save lives and learn to live

with some of the effects of climate change.

If you're one of the hundreds of millions of people

around the world who live in an area

that could be hit by a hurricane,

a typhoon or tropical cyclone, |тайфун|||циклон

well be thankful that there are scientists getting

up close and personal with hurricanes

so that you don't have to one day.

Stay curious.

Hey guys, that was an amazing thing to see.

I wanna say thank you to everyone who supports the show

on Patreon for helping make videos like this possible.

If you'd like to find out how you can support the show,

help us make more videos like this,

see more cool stuff,

also find out about videos before anybody else,

and I have a bunch of other cool stuff,

there's a link down a description where you can learn more

and I will see you in the next video.

Oh, and one more thing.

I went this entire video without making a really

bad dad joke about how this science blew me away.

So can I get a high five?

Oh, fantastic.

It survived.

Guess I made the joke after all.

So it doesn't really count.

Okay. Well, I tried.