Inter-War Period (between WW 1 and II), The German People Oppose the Right Wing Extremists I BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1920 Part 2 of 4 - YouTube

The German People Oppose the Right Wing Extremists I BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1920 Part 2 of 4 - YouTube

While it was communism that was driving bloody wars in Eastern Europe,

it was independence movements and nationalism that fueled unrest in many other parts of the world, especially in Germany.

Welcome to between two wars, a summary of the interwar years. From the uncertainty and hedonism of the

1920s to humanity's descent into the darkness of the Second World War. I'm Indy Neidell.

Last year Germany emerged from a socialist revolution and established a nascent democracy. In

1920 that democracy comes under threat again, but now from the Nationalists. Now

when you think of nationalism and Germany,

it's hard to not think of a Adolf Hitler. That little Sith apprentice was hard at work in the final months of

1919 together with his Sith Lord Anton Drexler.

He's been forging a new ideology based on Drexler's ideas of

ultra-nationalism, anti-semitism and socialism.

These ideas seem like they fit right into Hitler's worldview forged during his youth in the staunchly imperialistic and

anti-semitic heartland of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Coupled with their shared anti-capitalist ideas, the two have now formulated a doctrine: national socialism.

Hitler's also found his calling as a public speaker and agitator and with incredible energy and a newly discovered

knack for self-promotion, he's drawing bigger and bigger crowds.

He is now the executive member in charge of propaganda for the German Workers Party DAP. On February 24th

he managed to get 2,000 people to a rally in the Hofbrau house where he presents the

National Socialist program of the DAP, which renamed itself

NSDAP for National Socialist Workers Party, soon to be abbreviated to the Nazi Party. Hitler announced a

25-point program that will remain the essence of the Nazi Party through the next 25 years.

You can find a link to the 25 points in the description, but the essence of it is this: any

news outlets that don't agree with the party line are fake news and shall be forbidden.

A stop to immigration, and expulsion of anyone that emigrated to Germany

after August 2nd 1914.

Only people of the German race - they don't define what that is - will have citizenship and civil rights; specifically Jews are not

considered part of the German race.

Germany, Austria and all the parts of other countries where people are of this German race shall be united into greater

Germany.

Income from industry shall be redistributed to the people and passive income from real estate, stocks and so on

forbidden. The Treaty of Versailles shall be cancelled

Now the NSDAP is still a pretty insignificant actor on the German political scene. At the beginning of 1920

they have fewer than 60 members.

But now people with sympathies in this direction flocked to the party. Some of the early members that join in 1920 are Ernst Röhm,

who participated in the violent suppression of the Bavarian Soviet republic, Dietrich Eckart who has been called the

spiritual father of national socialism. Then student Rudolf Hess, Freikorps soldier Hans Frank and Alfred Rosenberg,

often credited as the

philosopher of the movement. All of them will play a very significant role in the Nazi Party during the next 25 years.

Hitler holds 31 public speeches this year.

Every single one with the same talking points: the demand to abrogate the Versailles Treaty and how to "solve" the Jewish Question.

His oratory style is promoted as political entertainment and the crowds keep growing. By the end of the year the party counts over

2,000 members.

Still not politically significant,

but that's a pretty aggressive growth curve. In any case Hitler and the NSDAP

are not the only ones with a chip on their shoulder about the Versailles Treaty. In Berlin, the Republic's first Chancellor Philipp Scheidemann

stepped down already last summer over disagreements about the treaty. The current Chancellor Gustav Bauer

is also facing problems with how to implement the demands of the treaty.

Most of all, the 120 Freikorps in the country are now in uproar as the treaty condition of

disbanding of these paramilitary nationalist units is enforced.

Also a majority of the Freikorps members are still on military pay.

But now the army is being reduced to just a hundred thousand men, by the treaty,

so three out of four of them are about to lose their income. To put it simply,

this is a really personal issue for the Freikorps members.

Well, lieutenant general Walther baron von Lüttwitz isn't going to have any of it. Now he works for defense minister Noske

and he was the one who carried out captain Pabst and the Freikorps attack on the socialist revolutionaries last year

Lüttwitz is part of a

nationalist political party that includes in its leadership Pabst

former quartermaster general Erich Ludendorff, in

1918 the de facto military dictator of Germany and journalist and Prussian bureaucrat Wolfgang Kapp.

Lüttwitz refuses to disband his Freikorps, so when Noske fires him for insubordination

he goes back to his unit and orders them to march on Berlin,

overthrow the government and proclaim Wolfgang Kapp chancellor. All right.

Well Ludendorff and Kapp are only informed after the fact and they're

somewhat surprised at this sudden development, but you know they play along.

The Freikorps,

surprise surprise,

do take Berlin and Bauer and the other SPD members of the government flee to Dresden and then Stuttgart. On a

side note, as they march into Berlin, many of the soldiers have painted white swastikas on their helmets to display their Germanic roots.

Hitler and the NSDAP have not yet adopted the symbol but soon will because of the same connection to pagan Germanic symbolism.

Anyhow, what happens now

is a remarkable thing. On a call from the SPD the whole country goes on strike. In

Berlin everything, I mean everything,

comes to a standstill. There isn't any gas, any electricity. No fuel, no food.

Even the water stops running. The financial bureaucrats also just refused to give Lüttwitz and his gang access to any money.

They try to bomb and shoot the strikers into submission,

but as they have neither fuel nor money and the rest of the army refuses to participate and give them any stuff,

this fizzles immediately and the casualties are minimal. In effect the refusal of the

entire German population makes Lüttwitz and Kapp incapable of governing and the coup breaks down after only three days.

Though this at first looks like a big win for the Weimar republic,

it won't be in the long run.

A major grievance of Kapp and company against the government was that the National Assembly was only supposed to serve

temporarily and was now acting like like a permanent Reichstag. This is a popular sentiment,

so to appease further unrest the assembly is dissolved in April and a general election held in June.

Although the current coalition of Social Democrats DDP and Zentrum have weathered the coup,

the electorate is not impressed. They get half the votes they got in 1919.

None of the parties can agree on a coalition with a majority and the Conservatives manage to form a minority government.

Effectively this leads to a paralysis of government as they can't advance their policies without support of the opposition. In fact,

the Weimar Republic will never have a majority government again,

and this will contribute to the constant chaos in German politics in the

1920s as the country will have no clear leadership.

But for now at least extremists on both sides have been hobbled. The German communists had been hoping for support from Soviet Russia

but now that the Polish army has stopped the Bolshevik advance that support isn't coming. The extreme left will never become very important again and

mainly serve as a foil for the extreme right,

inadvertently helping them to gain importance. So there we have it.

Democracy is only starting to spread slowly in the world and two kinds of movements are already threatening it: on one end of the spectrum

fascism and Nazism, on the other

Communism and socialism. The Communists of the world meet this year for the second Congress of the Comintern, that is to say the Communist

International from July 19th to August 7th in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

The representatives are from socialist revolutionary parties all around the world.

Soviet Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin guides the Congress's course it is here

that the basic nature of communist parties is decided.

Here the terms for their admission to the International are laid out and here the relationship between national and

international organizations is determined.

The discussion around conditions for admission to the Comintern

eventually produces the document of 21 conditions mostly suggested by Lenin.

It's a pretty radical document which calls for the expulsion of reformists and centrists and stresses the necessity of

illegal acts to accomplish their goals. We put a link to the 21 points in the description.

Two movements on

opposite sides of the political spectrum are now starting to call for the dissolution of the state in favor of one-party rule.

The right-wing movement, although still immature and fractured is gaining traction in Germany,

Japan and Italy. The left-wing movement has established itself in Russia and continues to have great support in Eastern Europe in general.

But what about the rest of the world? Thing is, both

fascism and communism are on the march in most parts of the world at this point.

Although there will only be a fascist movement in Great Britain

actually labeling themselves fascist beginning 1923, the basic tenants of anti-labor,

strong autocratic leadership, traditional gender rules, violent activism and integral nationalism are already growing there. In

France, the land were much of the basis of fascism

originated with political philosophers like Charles Maurras at the end of the 19th century,

there is growing support for this kind of ideologies. In Greece, Poland

Scandinavia and the United States there are also pockets of political movements that will go in this direction over the next few years.

Communism is much further ahead with labor movements all over the Western world and in some parts of the East they've already amassed

millions of members. Now these movements are big enough to be seen as threats to democracy, freedom and prosperity.

Outside of Bolshevik Russia, they're being struck down with violence.

This is now feeding the reactionary movements as people flock to them in opposition of the perceived communist threat.

This struggle will not only define the first half of the century and contribute to the outbreak of war in 1939,

it will lead to the Cold War and continues to affect the world to this day.

Combined with the struggle between colonial imperialism and the drive for independence in the colonies, in

1920 there is an explosive cocktail of opposing ideologies in the mix. In our next episode

we'll look at those colonial conflicts and crumbling imperialism as we go to the Middle East and the remnants of the Ottoman Empire.

Now to get our episodes ahead of time and to support this effort to make more content like this,

join the time ghost army on patreon or directly on our timeghost.tv website. There

you can also sign up for our forum for free. Links in the description. If you missed our first episode about Germany in 1919,

it's right here.

And if you haven't already done

so, subscribe to time ghost and World War 2 on YouTube. World War 2 week by week starts September 1st 2018.

See you next time.

Historians of the world unite!

The German People Oppose the Right Wing Extremists I BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1920 Part 2 of 4 - YouTube Das deutsche Volk gegen die Rechtsextremisten I ZWISCHEN 2 KRIEGEN I 1920 Teil 2 von 4 - YouTube El pueblo alemán se opone a la extrema derecha I ENTRE 2 GUERRAS I 1920 Parte 2 de 4 - YouTube 右翼過激派に対抗するドイツ国民 I BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1920 Part 2 of 4 - YouTube 독일 국민, 우익 극단주의자들에 반대하다 1920년 2차 세계대전 중 2부 4편 - YouTube Naród niemiecki przeciwstawia się prawicowym ekstremistom I MIĘDZY 2 WOJNAMI I 1920 Część 2 z 4 - YouTube O povo alemão opõe-se aos extremistas de direita I ENTRE 2 GUERRAS I 1920 Parte 2 de 4 - YouTube Немецкий народ выступает против правых экстремистов I МЕЖДУ 2-мя войнами I 1920 Часть 2 из 4 - YouTube Alman Halkı Aşırı Sağcılara Karşı Çıkıyor I 2 SAVAŞ ARASINDA I 1920 Bölüm 2/4 - YouTube 德国人民反对右翼极端分子 I BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1920 第 2 部分（共 4 部分） - YouTube 德國人民反對右翼極端分子 I BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1920 第 2 部分（共 4 部分） - YouTube

While it was communism that was driving bloody wars in Eastern Europe, Mientra el comunismo fue quien llevó a cabo guerras sangrientas en Europa del Este

it was independence movements and nationalism that fueled unrest in many other parts of the world, especially in Germany. |||||||推动了||||||||||| fueron los movimientos independentistas y nacionalistas quienes alimentaron los disturbios en muchas otras partes del mundo, en especial Alemania.

Welcome to between two wars, a summary of the interwar years. From the uncertainty and hedonism of the Welcome to between two wars, a summary of the interwar years. From the uncertainty and hedonism of the

1920s to humanity's descent into the darkness of the Second World War. I'm Indy Neidell. Soy Indy Neidell.

Last year Germany emerged from a socialist revolution and established a nascent democracy. In |||走出||||||||新兴的|| Im vergangenen Jahr hat Deutschland eine sozialistische Revolution hinter sich gelassen und eine aufkeimende Demokratie errichtet. El último año Alemania emergió de una revolución socialista y estableció una democracia naciente.

1920 that democracy comes under threat again, but now from the Nationalists. Now 1920 wird die Demokratie erneut bedroht, nun aber von den Nationalisten. Jetzt En 1920 esa democracia está bajo amenaza nuevamente, pero ahora, de los nacionalistas.

when you think of nationalism and Germany, wenn man an Nationalismus und Deutschland denkt, Ahora, cuando uno piensa en el nacionalismo y Alemania,

it's hard to not think of a Adolf Hitler. That little Sith apprentice was hard at work in the final months of |||||||||||西斯|学徒||努力||||||| Es ist schwer, nicht an Adolf Hitler zu denken. Dieser kleine Sith-Lehrling war in den letzten Monaten des Zweiten Weltkriegs hart am Werk. es difícil no pensar en Adolf Hitler. Ese pequeño aprendiz de Sith, trabajó duro en los meses finales

1919 together with his Sith Lord Anton Drexler. ||||领主||德雷克斯勒 1919 zusammen mit seinem Sith-Lord Anton Drexler. de 1919 junto a su Lord Sith Anton Drexler.

He's been forging a new ideology based on Drexler's ideas of ||创造|||||||| Er hat eine neue Ideologie geschmiedet, die auf Drexlers Ideen von Él fue quién forjó una nueva ideología basada en las ideas de Drexler de

ultra-nationalism, anti-semitism and socialism. 极端的|||||社会主义 Ultranationalismus, Antisemitismus und Sozialismus. ultranacionalismo, antisemitismo y socialismo.

These ideas seem like they fit right into Hitler's worldview forged during his youth in the staunchly imperialistic and |||||||||世界观|||||||坚定的|帝国主义的|

anti-semitic heartland of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. ||心脏地带||||| das antisemitische Kernland der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie.

Coupled with their shared anti-capitalist ideas, the two have now formulated a doctrine: national socialism. |||共同的||||||||制定了||主义|国家社会主义| In Verbindung mit ihren gemeinsamen antikapitalistischen Ideen haben die beiden nun eine Doktrin formuliert: den nationalen Sozialismus. Junto a sus compartidas ideas anticapitalistas, los dos ahora formularon una doctrina: el nacionalsocialismo.

Hitler's also found his calling as a public speaker and agitator and with incredible energy and a newly discovered ||||||||||煽动者|||||||| Hitler hat auch seine Berufung als öffentlicher Redner und Agitator gefunden, und mit unglaublicher Energie und einer neu entdeckten Hitler también encontró su vocación como orador público y agitador, y con una energía increíble y un don

knack for self-promotion, he's drawing bigger and bigger crowds. 天赋|||||吸引|||| Dank seines Talents für Selbstdarstellung zieht er immer mehr Menschen an. recién descubierto para la autopromoción, atrae a multitudes cada vez más grandes.

He is now the executive member in charge of propaganda for the German Workers Party DAP. On February 24th ||||执行委员|||||||||||||| Er ist jetzt das für Propaganda zuständige Vorstandsmitglied der Deutschen Arbeiterpartei DAP. Am 24. Februar

he managed to get 2,000 people to a rally in the Hofbrau house where he presents the gelang es ihm, 2.000 Menschen zu einer Kundgebung im Hofbrauhaus zu bewegen, wo er die

National Socialist program of the DAP, which renamed itself Nationalsozialistisches Programm der DAP, die sich umbenannt hat el Programa Nacional Socialista del PTA, autodenominado

NSDAP for National Socialist Workers Party, soon to be abbreviated to the Nazi Party. Hitler announced a NSDAP für Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei, bald abgekürzt als Nazipartei. Hitler kündigte eine NSDAP (Partido Nacional Socialista de los Trabajadores), prontamente abreviado a Partido Nazi. Hitler anunció

25-point program that will remain the essence of the Nazi Party through the next 25 years. un programa de 25 puntos que serán la esencia del Partido Nazi en los próximos 25 años.

You can find a link to the 25 points in the description, but the essence of it is this: any Pueden encontrar el link a los 25 puntos en la caja de descripción, pero en esencia, es esto:

news outlets that don't agree with the party line are fake news and shall be forbidden. Los medios de comunicación que no sigan las ideas del partido son noticias falsas y estarán prohibidas.

A stop to immigration, and expulsion of anyone that emigrated to Germany Un alto a la inmigración y la expulsión de cualquier persona que emigró a Alemania

after August 2nd 1914. después del 2 de Agosto de 1914

Only people of the German race - they don't define what that is - will have citizenship and civil rights; specifically Jews are not ||||||||定义||||||公民身份||||||| Sólo gente de raza alemana —no definen cuál es— tendrán ciudadanía y derechos civiles; específicamente

considered part of the German race. los judíos no son considerados parte de la raza alemana.

Germany, Austria and all the parts of other countries where people are of this German race shall be united into greater Alemania, Austria y todas las partes de otros países donde haya gente de raza alemana, serán unidas en

Germany. una Alemania más grande.

Income from industry shall be redistributed to the people and passive income from real estate, stocks and so on |||||重新分配||||||||||||| Los ingresos de la industria serán distribuidos a la gente y los ingresos pasivos de los bienes inmuebles,

forbidden. The Treaty of Versailles shall be cancelled ||||凡尔赛条约||| acciones y demás serán prohibidas. El Tratado de Versailles será cancelado.

Now the NSDAP is still a pretty insignificant actor on the German political scene. At the beginning of 1920 Ahora el NSDAP es un actor insignificante en la escena política alemana. A inicios de 1920

they have fewer than 60 members. ||少于|| tiene menos de 60 miembros.

But now people with sympathies in this direction flocked to the party. Some of the early members that join in 1920 are Ernst Röhm, ||||||||||||||||||||||厄尔特 Pero ahora la gente que simpatiza con ellos se han unido al partido. Algunos de los primeros miembros

who participated in the violent suppression of the Bavarian Soviet republic, Dietrich Eckart who has been called the ||||暴力镇压||||||||||||| que se unieron en 1920 fueron Ernst Röhm, que participó en la violenta represión de la República Soviética de Bavaria, Dietrich Eckart quien fue llamado

spiritual father of national socialism. Then student Rudolf Hess, Freikorps soldier Hans Frank and Alfred Rosenberg,

often credited as the |被认为||

philosopher of the movement. All of them will play a very significant role in the Nazi Party during the next 25 years.

Hitler holds 31 public speeches this year. Hitler da 31 discursos públicos este año.

Every single one with the same talking points: the demand to abrogate the Versailles Treaty and how to "solve" the Jewish Question. |||||||||||废除|||||||||| Cada uno de los puntos hablados: abolir el Tratado de Versalles y cómo "resolver" la cuestión judía.

His oratory style is promoted as political entertainment and the crowds keep growing. By the end of the year the party counts over |演讲|风格|||||||||||||||||||| Su oratoria es promovida como entretenimiento político y las multitudes crecen. Para fin de año el partido cuenta

2,000 members. con 2,000 miembros.

Still not politically significant, Todavía no es políticamente significativo,

but that's a pretty aggressive growth curve. In any case Hitler and the NSDAP ||||激进的|增长|曲线|在|||||| pero esto es una curva de crecimiento bastante agresiva. En cualquier caso Hitler y el NSDAP

are not the only ones with a chip on their shoulder about the Versailles Treaty. In Berlin, the Republic's first Chancellor Philipp Scheidemann ||定冠词|||对不满||||他们|肩膀||||||||||总理|| no son los únicos enojados con el Tratado de Versalles. En Berlín, el primer Canciller de la República Phillipp Scheidemann

stepped down already last summer over disagreements about the treaty. The current Chancellor Gustav Bauer |辞职||||||||||||| renunció el pasado verano por desacuerdos con el Tratado. El Canciller Gustav Bauer

is also facing problems with how to implement the demands of the treaty. |||||||||要求||| también encara problemas en cómo implementar las demandas del Tratado.

Most of all, the 120 Freikorps in the country are now in uproar as the treaty condition of ||||自由军|||||||骚动||||| Sobre todo, los 120 Freikorps en el país ahora están alborotados a medida que se impone la condición del

disbanding of these paramilitary nationalist units is enforced. 解散|||准军事||||执行 tratado de desmantelamiento de estas unidades nacionalistas paramilitares.

Also a majority of the Freikorps members are still on military pay. |||||||||在|| También la mayoría de los miembros de los Freikorps recibe paga como militares.

But now the army is being reduced to just a hundred thousand men, by the treaty, |||||||||||||||treaty Pero ahora el ejército está siendo reducido a sólo 100,000 hombres, por el tratado,

so three out of four of them are about to lose their income. To put it simply, así que tres de cada cuatro de ellos están a punto de perder sus ingresos. Dicho de manera sencilla,

this is a really personal issue for the Freikorps members. es un asunto personal para los miembros de las Freikorps.

Well, lieutenant general Walther baron von Lüttwitz isn't going to have any of it. Now he works for defense minister Noske |中将||||||||||||||||||| Bueno, el teniente general Walther Baron von Lüttwitz no lo tolerará en absoluto. Ahora trabaja para el Ministro de

and he was the one who carried out captain Pabst and the Freikorps attack on the socialist revolutionaries last year Defensa y fue quien llevó a cabo el ataque del Capitán Papst y de las Freikorps

Lüttwitz is part of a contra los socialistas revolucionarios el año pasado. Lüttwitz es parte del

nationalist political party that includes in its leadership Pabst partido nacionalista político que incluye como líder a Papst,

former quartermaster general Erich Ludendorff, in |前任军需官|||| el antiguo intendente general Erich Ludendorff,

1918 the de facto military dictator of Germany and journalist and Prussian bureaucrat Wolfgang Kapp. ||事实上的||军事独裁者||||||||| en 1918 el dictador militar de facto de Alemania y el periodista y burócrata prusiano Wolfgang Kapp.

Lüttwitz refuses to disband his Freikorps, so when Noske fires him for insubordination ||||||||||||不服从命令 Lüttwitz rechaza desarmar sus Freikorps, entonces cuando Noske lo despide por insubordinación

he goes back to his unit and orders them to march on Berlin, vuelve a su unidad y les ordena marchar sobre Berlín,

overthrow the government and proclaim Wolfgang Kapp chancellor. All right. 推翻||||宣布||||| derribar al gobierno y proclamar a Canciller a Wolfgang Kapp, está bien.

Well Ludendorff and Kapp are only informed after the fact and they're ||||||||||and| Bien, Ludendorff y Kapp son informados hasta después de los sucesos y están

somewhat surprised at this sudden development, but you know they play along. de alguna manera sorprendidos de este desarrollo, pero les siguen el juego.

The Freikorps, Las Freikorps,

surprise surprise, ¡sorpresa!

do take Berlin and Bauer and the other SPD members of the government flee to Dresden and then Stuttgart. On a Logran toman Berlín y Bauer y otros miembros SPD del gobierno huyen a Dresden y después a Stuttgart.

side note, as they march into Berlin, many of the soldiers have painted white swastikas on their helmets to display their Germanic roots. ||||||||||||||卍字|||||||| Aparte, mientras marchan a Berlín, muchos soldados tienen pintada la esvástica en sus cascos para mostrar sus raíces alemanas.

Hitler and the NSDAP have not yet adopted the symbol but soon will because of the same connection to pagan Germanic symbolism. |||||||||||||||||||异教徒||象征主义 Hitler y los NSDAP aún no adoptado el símbolo pero pronto lo harán, por la misma conexión con el símbolismo pagano Germánico.

Anyhow, what happens now De cualquier manera, lo que pasa ahora

is a remarkable thing. On a call from the SPD the whole country goes on strike. In es algo extraordinario. A una llamada del SPD, el país entero entra en huelga.

Berlin everything, I mean everything, En Berlín, todo. Quiero decir todo,

comes to a standstill. There isn't any gas, any electricity. No fuel, no food. |||停滞不前|||||||||| se paraliza. No hay gas, electricidad, no hay combustible ni comida.

Even the water stops running. The financial bureaucrats also just refused to give Lüttwitz and his gang access to any money. |||||||官僚||||||||||||| Tampoco hay agua corriente. Los burócratas financieros rechazan dar a Lüttwitz y su banda acceso a fondos.

They try to bomb and shoot the strikers into submission, |||||||||屈服 Intentan bombardear y disparar a los huelguistas para someterles,

but as they have neither fuel nor money and the rest of the army refuses to participate and give them any stuff, pero ellos tampoco tienen combustible o dinero y el resto del ejército rechaza tomar parte y darles cualquier cosa

this fizzles immediately and the casualties are minimal. In effect the refusal of the |失败||||||最小||||拒绝|| esto fracasa inmediatamente y las bajas son mínimas. De hecho el rechazo de

entire German population makes Lüttwitz and Kapp incapable of governing and the coup breaks down after only three days. |||||||无能为力|||||政变|||||| la población entera alemana hace que Lüttwitz y Kapp sean incapaces de gobernar y el golpe cae 3 días después.

Though this at first looks like a big win for the Weimar republic, Aunque esto al principio parece una gran victoria para la República de Weimar,

it won't be in the long run. no durará mucho.

A major grievance of Kapp and company against the government was that the National Assembly was only supposed to serve ||不满||||||||||||国民议会||||| Una queja importante de Kapp y compañía contra el gobierno fue que se suponía que la Asamblea Nacional sólo

temporarily and was now acting like like a permanent Reichstag. This is a popular sentiment, |||||||||国会大厦|||||观点

so to appease further unrest the assembly is dissolved in April and a general election held in June. ||平息||||议会||解散||||||||| disuelve en abril y se celebran elecciones generales en junio.

Although the current coalition of Social Democrats DDP and Zentrum have weathered the coup, |||联盟||||社会民主党||中间党||经受住|| Aunque la actual coalición de socialdemócratas DDP y Zentrum han resistido el golpe

the electorate is not impressed. They get half the votes they got in 1919. |选民|||印象深刻|||||||| el electorado no está impresionado. Obtienen la mitad de los votos que obtuvieron en 1919.

None of the parties can agree on a coalition with a majority and the Conservatives manage to form a minority government. |||||||||||||||||||少数| Ninguno de los partidos pueden acordar una coalición mayoritaria, entonces los Conservadores llevan un gobierno en minoría.

Effectively this leads to a paralysis of government as they can't advance their policies without support of the opposition. In fact, |||||瘫痪||||||||||||||| Efectivamente, esto lleva a una parálisis gubernamental y no pueden realizar sus políticas sin apoyo de la oposición.

the Weimar Republic will never have a majority government again, De hecho, la República de Weimar, nunca tendrá mayoría gubernamental nuevamente,

and this will contribute to the constant chaos in German politics in the y esto contribuirá al caos constante en la política alemana

1920s as the country will have no clear leadership. en los años 20, dejando al país sin un liderazgo claro.

But for now at least extremists on both sides have been hobbled. The German communists had been hoping for support from Soviet Russia |||||极端分子||||||受阻||||||||||| Pero por ahora al menos los extremistas de ambos lados han sido obstaculizados. Los comunistas alemanes esperaban el apoyo de la Rusia soviética,

but now that the Polish army has stopped the Bolshevik advance that support isn't coming. The extreme left will never become very important again and |||||||||||||||极端左翼||||||||| pero ahora que el ejército polaco paró el avance bolchevique, ese apoyo no vendrá. La extrema izquierda nunca será muy importante otra vez y

mainly serve as a foil for the extreme right, |充当|||陪衬|||| principalmente servirán como ariete para la extrema derecha

inadvertently helping them to gain importance. So there we have it. 无意中|||||||||| que inadvertidamente las ayudan a ganar importancia. Entonces, aquí la tenemos.

Democracy is only starting to spread slowly in the world and two kinds of movements are already threatening it: on one end of the spectrum ||||||||||||||||||||||||光谱一端 La democracia sólo empieza a desperdigarse en el mundo y dos movimientos le amenazan, de un lado

fascism and Nazism, on the other del espectro el fascismo y el nazismo, del otro lado,

Communism and socialism. The Communists of the world meet this year for the second Congress of the Comintern, that is to say the Communist |||||||||||||||||共产国际||||||

International from July 19th to August 7th in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

The representatives are from socialist revolutionary parties all around the world. Los representantes son de los partidos socialistas revolucionarios de todo el mundo.

Soviet Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin guides the Congress's course it is here El líder bolchevique soviético Vladimir Lenin guía el curso del Congreso y es aquí

that the basic nature of communist parties is decided. donde la naturaleza básica de los partidos comunistas es decidida.

Here the terms for their admission to the International are laid out and here the relationship between national and |||||||||||列出||||||| Aquí se exponen los términos para su admisión a la Internacional y aquí la relación entre las organizaciones

international organizations is determined. nacionales e internacionales es determinada.

The discussion around conditions for admission to the Comintern La discusión alrededor de las condiciones de admisión al Comintern

eventually produces the document of 21 conditions mostly suggested by Lenin. eventualmente produce un documento de 21 condiciones, mayormente sugeridas por Lenin.

It's a pretty radical document which calls for the expulsion of reformists and centrists and stresses the necessity of |||激进的||||||||改革派||中间派||强调||| Es un documento muy radical que llama a la expulsión de reformistas y centristas y hace énfasis en la necesidad de

illegal acts to accomplish their goals. We put a link to the 21 points in the description. 非法的||||||||||||||| llevar actos ilegales para cumplir sus metas. Aquí dejamos un link con los 21 puntos en la descripción.

Two movements on Dos movimientos,

opposite sides of the political spectrum are now starting to call for the dissolution of the state in favor of one-party rule. |||||||||||||解散||||||||| en lados opuesto en el espectro político empiezan a llamar a la disolución del estado en favor de un Partido Único.

The right-wing movement, although still immature and fractured is gaining traction in Germany, |右翼|||||不成熟||分裂的|||影响力|| El movimiento de derecha, aunque inmaduro y fracturado, está ganando terreno en Alemania,

Japan and Italy. The left-wing movement has established itself in Russia and continues to have great support in Eastern Europe in general. Japón e Italia. El ala izquierda del movimiento se estableció en Rusia y tiene apoyo en Europa del Este.

But what about the rest of the world? Thing is, both ¿Pero qué pasa en el resto del mundo? Esto es, ambos

fascism and communism are on the march in most parts of the world at this point. fascismo y comunismo están presentes en la mayor parte del mundo en este punto.

Although there will only be a fascist movement in Great Britain Aunque solamente un movimiento fascista en Gran Bretaña

actually labeling themselves fascist beginning 1923, the basic tenants of anti-labor, |||||这些||原则||| actualmente se llaman a sí mismos fascistas empezando en 1923, los ocupantes del anti-laborismo,

strong autocratic leadership, traditional gender rules, violent activism and integral nationalism are already growing there. In |专制的||||||激进主义||整体主义|||||| liderazgo fuerte autocrático, reglas tradicionales de género, activismo violento y nacionalismo integrista están creciendo allí.

France, the land were much of the basis of fascism En Francia, la tierra donde muchos de estas bases del fascismo

originated with political philosophers like Charles Maurras at the end of the 19th century, nacieron de filosófos políticos como Charles Maurras en el final del siglo XIX,

there is growing support for this kind of ideologies. In Greece, Poland hay un apoyo creciente para este tipo de ideologías. En Grecia, Polonia,

Scandinavia and the United States there are also pockets of political movements that will go in this direction over the next few years. ||||||||小团体|||||||||||||| Escandinavia y los Estados Unidos también hay lugares con movimientos políticos que seguirán esta dirección en los próximos años.

Communism is much further ahead with labor movements all over the Western world and in some parts of the East they've already amassed ||||||||||||||||||||||积累 El comunismo va mucho más allá, con movimientos laboristas en todo el mundo occidental y algunas partes del este, ya han reunido

millions of members. Now these movements are big enough to be seen as threats to democracy, freedom and prosperity. ||||||||||||||||||繁荣 millones de miembros. Ahora, estos movimientos son lo suficientemente grandes para ser vistos como amenazas a la democracia, la libertad y la prosperidad.

Outside of Bolshevik Russia, they're being struck down with violence. Fuera de la Rusia bolchevique, están siendo reprimidos con violencia.

This is now feeding the reactionary movements as people flock to them in opposition of the perceived communist threat. 这|||滋养|这些|反动派||作为|||支持|||反对|||被认为的|| Esto ayuda a los movimientos reaccionarios a los que la gente comienza a acudir, en oposición a la amenaza comunista percibida. 这现在正在助长反动运动，因为人们纷纷涌向反动运动，反对所谓的共产主义威胁。

This struggle will not only define the first half of the century and contribute to the outbreak of war in 1939, Esta pelea no sólo definirá la primera mitad del siglo y contribuirá al estallido de la guerra en 1939,

it will lead to the Cold War and continues to affect the world to this day. ||||||冷战||||||||| también llevará a la Guerra Fría y continúa afectando al mundo al día de hoy.

Combined with the struggle between colonial imperialism and the drive for independence in the colonies, in Combinadas con las luchas entre el imperialismo colonial y las derivas independentistas en las colonias,

1920 there is an explosive cocktail of opposing ideologies in the mix. In our next episode |||爆炸性||||||||||| en 1920 es un cóctel explosivo de ideologías opuestas mezclándose. En nuestro próximo episodio

we'll look at those colonial conflicts and crumbling imperialism as we go to the Middle East and the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. |||||||衰落的|||||||||||残余|||| veremos todos esos conflictos coloniales y al imperialismo derrumbándose en el Medio Oriente,

Now to get our episodes ahead of time and to support this effort to make more content like this, Ahora, para obtener nuestros episodios con anticipación y apoyar este esfuerzo para hacer más episodios como éste,

join the time ghost army on patreon or directly on our timeghost.tv website. There únanse al Ejército TimeGhost en Patreon o directamente en nuestro sitio timeghost.tv.

you can also sign up for our forum for free. Links in the description. If you missed our first episode about Germany in 1919,

it's right here.

And if you haven't already done

so, subscribe to time ghost and World War 2 on YouTube. World War 2 week by week starts September 1st 2018. La Segunda Guerra Mundial semana por semana comienza el 1 de Septiembre de 2018.

See you next time. ¡Nos vemos la próxima!

Historians of the world unite! 世界的历史学家|||| ¡¡¡Historiadores del mundo, UNÁNSE!!!