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PBS NewsHour (Nov to Dec 2017), Dec 12, 2017 - Can schools prevent mass shootings? Sandy Hook parents train t...

Dec 12, 2017 - Can schools prevent mass shootings? Sandy Hook parents train t...

Can schools prevent mass shootings? Sandy Hook parents train teachers to help at-risk students.

Judy Woodruff:

This week marks a somber anniversary, the mass shooting at an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut.

In the five years since, many of the parents who lost their children that day have been pushing to reduce gun violence.

One group, Sandy Hook Promise, has taken that effort right into the schools.

Special correspondent Lisa Stark of our partner Education Week traveled to Miami to visit the first school district to implement the program.

It's part of our weekly segment, Making the Grade. Lisa Stark:

Miami's John Ferguson High School spills over with more than 4,000 students, the largest school in the district. Danielle Jattin:

There's a lot of isolation around. Julian Zarate:

Especially in a school this big.

Carolina Blanco:

Because it's very hard for some students to fit in. Lisa Stark:

These students are working to change that.

Shantalle Martinez:

And we just want to make sure that everybody knows that they're not alone. Lisa Stark:

Their motivation? A tragedy that happened five years ago and nearly 1,400 miles away, the horrific shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut, 20 children, 6- and 7-year-olds, and six educators gunned down by a troubled 20-year-old. Nicole Hockley:

No one should ever lose a child in these sorts of circumstances, especially when it's preventable. Lisa Stark:

Nicole Hockley's 6-year-old son, Dylan, died in his first grade classroom, her grief magnified by what she found out afterwards. Nicole Hockley:

I had always assumed that our shooter had snapped.

And it was a moment of clarity, and furious clarity, for me to find out that he had exhibited signs and signals throughout his life, and that this was a very typical mass shooting.

Lisa Stark:

Hockley's mission now- Nicole Hockley: We want to prevent other tragedies from happening by teaching people to know the signs of violence.

Lisa Stark:

She and other Newtown parents started Sandy Hook Promise and enlist students in their fight. Their free training has been used in 4,000 schools and youth organizations. It includes Start With Hello, an activity which encourages students to interact, and a program called Say Something, teaching students to tell an adult if they see signs someone may be a threat to themselves or others.

Nicole Hockley:

This isn't about snitching or being a tattletale. This isn't about getting someone in trouble. This is about getting them help.

Lisa Stark:

The nation's fourth largest school district, Miami-Dade, has signed on. Sandy Hook Promise trainers have visited more than 100 schools here. Julian Zarate:

A lot of atrocities in schools, school shootings and such, stem from students who were either bullied or isolated. And so by dealing with this problem, we're hoping that we can minimize anything coming up in the future. Lisa Stark:

Dewey Cornell, who has analyzed school violence for decades, says that is precisely the point.

Dewey Cornell:

You don't prevent a forest fire by waiting until all the trees are all ablaze. You pay attention to all the campfires and make sure all the campfires are taken care of.

And we have incidents of bullying all the time in our schools. And the more that we can do to deal with these minor conflicts before they escalate into more serious ones, the better off we will be.

Lisa Stark:

Reducing violence in schools isn't just about reaching students. Experts who have studied the issue say it's also important that teachers and administrators react sensibly to any safety concerns. Man:

Is a student posing a threat, all right? Is a student on a path toward an attack? Lisa Stark:

A team from every school in Miami-Dade is learning how to identify, evaluate and handle possible threats. They're taught to take threats seriously, but not to overreact. Dewey Cornell:

We had a child who chewed his pop tart into the shape of a gun, and was suspended from school. After the Sandy Hook shooting, a first grader in Maryland went pow-pow with finger, and was suspended from school.

These are fearful overreactions that send a really negative message throughout the school.

Lisa Stark:

Cornell, who developed this threat assessment training after the Columbine School shooting in 1999, believes districts that use zero-tolerance policies make their schools less safe, students less likely to report concerns.

Man:

If the threat is vague or somebody is clearly angry, you want to err on the side of caution. Lisa Stark:

This training includes exercises. What should a school do if a student threatens to beat up another, and what if a teen has a hit list?

The goal, not to automatically expel the student, but to address the underlying problem.

Virginia Valdes:

What I'm taking away today is that not everything can be solved with a suspension. It takes really bringing those students together, letting the victim feel heard, letting the one who did the bullying understand what he did or she did. It's really changing our mind-set. Lisa Stark:

Advocates say this can be more effective than turning schools into fortresses, because most school shootings are carried out not by an outsider, but by a student.

Dewey Cornell:

We have done a series of controlled studies over the past 15 years showing that, when schools use our model, their suspension rates go down, their bullying goes down, and the threats aren't carried out. Lisa Stark:

The Sandy Hook training isn't one and done. Schools pledge to keep awareness high.

At Ferguson, the Psychology Honor Society sponsors numerous events. You have heard of speed-dating? The students here have a new version- speed-friending.

Danielle Jattin:

We got people from different grades and we put them all in the gymnasium, and each of them had two-minute conversations. And then you can see that people were, like, laughing, people who had never met each other. People were having full on conversations. Lisa Stark:

An effort they believe has paid off.

Carolina Blanco:

In one of the speed-friendings, there was a student that was having a problem, and he opened up to it. So, we brought the attention to one of his teachers, and that really helped him to cope with his problems and talk about them more. Lisa Stark:

Other activities include encouraging students to join someone eating alone, and to pass positive notes to friends and strangers.

Ferguson High School psychology teacher Michelle Vigoa-Suarez heads up the ongoing activities, inspired by Sandy Hook Promise.

Michelle Vigoa-suarez:

Before they came, I didn't really value what I could do. It was kind of like, I thought of it as, well, it's a society problem, and let's just pray. But when Sandy Hook came, they gave us the power to say, wait a minute, we can stop this. Why are we going to sit back and say, well, we will react when it happens? Lisa Stark:

It's hard to measure how much of a difference all this really makes. Sharon Krantz oversees the effort in the Miami-Dade schools.

Sharon Krantz:

You know, this is prevention, so you don't really know what you prevented. But I know that we are making it OK to speak up, we are making it OK to include people.

Nicole Hockley:

There have been times that we have reached out to different communities and families. Lisa Stark:

Nicole Hockley points to anecdotal reports indicating their Say Something training has stopped suicides and possible shootings.

In California, students reported a classmate's threatening online post. In Ohio, students overheard shooting threats, and alerted school officials.

And how does that make you feel?

Nicole Hockley:

Sometimes, it takes me out at the knees, if I'm honest with you, because it's incredibly elating to know that we have just been able to help someone else. But it's never going to be enough. Lisa Stark:

Hockley says it only encourages her to take her message to more schools, to redouble her efforts.

For Education Week and the PBS NewsHour, I'm Lisa Stark in Miami, Florida.

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Can schools prevent mass shootings? Sandy Hook parents train teachers to help at-risk students. Les parents de Sandy Hook forment des enseignants pour aider les élèves à risque.

Judy Woodruff:

This week marks a somber anniversary, the mass shooting at an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. |||||||||||小学||||康涅狄格 ||||serious|anniversary||||||elementary||||Connecticut Cette semaine marque un sombre anniversaire, la fusillade de masse dans une école primaire de Newtown, Connecticut.

In the five years since, many of the parents who lost their children that day have been pushing to reduce gun violence.

One group, Sandy Hook Promise, has taken that effort right into the schools. Un groupe, Sandy Hook Promise, a déployé cet effort jusque dans les écoles.

Special correspondent Lisa Stark of our partner Education Week traveled to Miami to visit the first school district to implement the program. |特派记者||||||||||||||||||实施|| |correspondent||||||||||||||||school district||||

It's part of our weekly segment, Making the Grade. |||||环节|||等级 |||||segment||| Cela fait partie de notre segment hebdomadaire, Making the Grade. Lisa Stark:

Miami's John Ferguson High School spills over with more than 4,000 students, the largest school in the district. |||||溢出||||||||||| |||||overflows|||||||||||school district Le lycée John Ferguson de Miami compte plus de 4 000 élèves, la plus grande école du district. Danielle Jattin:

There's a lot of isolation around. Il y a beaucoup d'isolement. Julian Zarate:

Especially in a school this big.

Carolina Blanco:

Because it's very hard for some students to fit in. Parce qu'il est très difficile pour certains élèves de s'intégrer. Lisa Stark:

These students are working to change that.

Shantalle Martinez:

And we just want to make sure that everybody knows that they're not alone. Lisa Stark:

Their motivation? |动机 A tragedy that happened five years ago and nearly 1,400 miles away, the horrific shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut, 20 children, 6- and 7-year-olds, and six educators gunned down by a troubled 20-year-old. ||||||||||||可怕的|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||Connecticut|||||||educators||||||| Nicole Hockley:

No one should ever lose a child in these sorts of circumstances, especially when it's preventable. Personne ne devrait jamais perdre un enfant dans ce genre de circonstances, surtout lorsqu'elles sont évitables. Lisa Stark:

Nicole Hockley's 6-year-old son, Dylan, died in his first grade classroom, her grief magnified by what she found out afterwards. |||||||||||||悲痛|放大||||||之后 |||||||||||||sorrow||||||| Le fils de 6 ans de Nicole Hockley, Dylan, est décédé dans sa classe de première année, son chagrin amplifié par ce qu'elle a découvert par la suite. Nicole Hockley:

I had always assumed that our shooter had snapped. ||||||||崩溃 |||assumed|||||lost control J'avais toujours supposé que notre tireur avait craqué.

And it was a moment of clarity, and furious clarity, for me to find out that he had exhibited signs and signals throughout his life, and that this was a very typical mass shooting. ||||||清晰的认识||愤怒的||||||||||表现出||||||||||||||| ||||||clarity||||||||||||exhibited||||||||||||||| Et ce fut un moment de clarté, et de clarté furieuse, pour moi de découvrir qu'il avait montré des signes et des signaux tout au long de sa vie, et que c'était une fusillade de masse très typique.

Lisa Stark:

Hockley's mission now- Nicole Hockley: La mission de Hockley maintenant - Nicole Hockley : We want to prevent other tragedies from happening by teaching people to know the signs of violence.

Lisa Stark:

She and other Newtown parents started Sandy Hook Promise and enlist students in their fight. ||||||||||招募|||| ||||||||||recruit|||| Avec d'autres parents de Newtown, elle a créé Sandy Hook Promise et fait participer des élèves à son combat. Their free training has been used in 4,000 schools and youth organizations. It includes Start With Hello, an activity which encourages students to interact, and a program called Say Something, teaching students to tell an adult if they see signs someone may be a threat to themselves or others. |||||||||||互动||||||||||||||||||||||||| Il comprend Start With Hello, une activité qui encourage les élèves à interagir, et un programme appelé Say Something, enseignant aux élèves à dire à un adulte s'ils voient des signes que quelqu'un peut être une menace pour eux-mêmes ou pour les autres.

Nicole Hockley:

This isn't about snitching or being a tattletale. |||告密||||告密者 |||||||informant Il ne s'agit pas de dénoncer ou d'être un tattletale. This isn't about getting someone in trouble. Il ne s'agit pas de mettre quelqu'un en difficulté. This is about getting them help.

Lisa Stark:

The nation's fourth largest school district, Miami-Dade, has signed on. Le quatrième plus grand district scolaire du pays, Miami-Dade, a signé. Sandy Hook Promise trainers have visited more than 100 schools here. Les formateurs de Sandy Hook Promise ont visité plus de 100 écoles ici. Julian Zarate:

A lot of atrocities in schools, school shootings and such, stem from students who were either bullied or isolated. |||暴行|||||||源于|||||||| |||atrocities|||||||stem|||||||| Beaucoup d'atrocités dans les écoles, les fusillades dans les écoles et autres, proviennent d'élèves qui ont été victimes d'intimidation ou isolés. And so by dealing with this problem, we're hoping that we can minimize anything coming up in the future. En réglant ce problème, nous espérons pouvoir minimiser les risques à l'avenir. Lisa Stark:

Dewey Cornell, who has analyzed school violence for decades, says that is precisely the point. ||||analyzed||||||||||

Dewey Cornell:

You don't prevent a forest fire by waiting until all the trees are all ablaze. ||||||||||||||着火的 ||||||||||||||on fire On n'empêche pas un feu de forêt en attendant que tous les arbres soient en feu. You pay attention to all the campfires and make sure all the campfires are taken care of. Vous faites attention à tous les feux de camp et assurez-vous que tous les feux de camp sont pris en charge.

And we have incidents of bullying all the time in our schools. Et nous avons des incidents d'intimidation tout le temps dans nos écoles. And the more that we can do to deal with these minor conflicts before they escalate into more serious ones, the better off we will be. |||||||||||||||升级|||||||||| |||||||||||minor||||escalate|||||||||| Et plus nous pourrons faire pour régler ces conflits mineurs avant qu'ils ne dégénèrent en conflits plus graves, mieux nous nous en sortirons.

Lisa Stark:

Reducing violence in schools isn't just about reaching students. |||||||接触到| Réduire la violence à l'école ne consiste pas seulement à atteindre les élèves. Experts who have studied the issue say it's also important that teachers and administrators react sensibly to any safety concerns. |||||||||||||||合理地|||| |||||||||||||administrators|||||| Les experts qui ont étudié la question disent qu'il est également important que les enseignants et les administrateurs réagissent judicieusement à tout problème de sécurité. Man:

Is a student posing a threat, all right? Un élève représente-t-il une menace, d'accord ? Is a student on a path toward an attack? Un élève est-il sur la voie d'un attentat ? Lisa Stark:

A team from every school in Miami-Dade is learning how to identify, evaluate and handle possible threats. |||||||||||||evaluate|||| Une équipe de chaque école de Miami-Dade apprend à identifier, évaluer et gérer les menaces potentielles. They're taught to take threats seriously, but not to overreact. On leur apprend à prendre les menaces au sérieux, mais à ne pas réagir de manière excessive. Dewey Cornell:

We had a child who chewed his pop tart into the shape of a gun, and was suspended from school. Nous avons eu un enfant qui a mâché sa tarte pop en forme de pistolet et a été suspendu de l'école. 我们有个孩子,他把他的果酱馅饼嚼成了枪的形状,结果被学校停学了。 After the Sandy Hook shooting, a first grader in Maryland went pow-pow with finger, and was suspended from school. |||||||grader|||||||||||| Après la fusillade de Sandy Hook, un élève de première année du Maryland a fait du pow-pow avec le doigt et a été suspendu de l'école. 桑迪胡克枪击案发生后,马里兰州一名一年级学生用手指打架,结果被停学。

These are fearful overreactions that send a really negative message throughout the school. Ce sont des réactions excessives effrayantes qui envoient un message vraiment négatif dans toute l'école.

Lisa Stark:

Cornell, who developed this threat assessment training after the Columbine School shooting in 1999, believes districts that use zero-tolerance policies make their schools less safe, students less likely to report concerns. Cornell, qui a développé cette formation à l'évaluation des menaces après la fusillade de l'école Columbine en 1999, pense que les districts qui appliquent des politiques de tolérance zéro rendent leurs écoles moins sûres et les élèves moins susceptibles de signaler leurs inquiétudes.

Man:

If the threat is vague or somebody is clearly angry, you want to err on the side of caution. Si la menace est vague ou si quelqu'un est clairement en colère, vous devez pécher par excès de prudence. Lisa Stark:

This training includes exercises. |||exercises What should a school do if a student threatens to beat up another, and what if a teen has a hit list? Que doit faire une école si un élève menace d'en battre un autre, et que se passe-t-il si un adolescent a une liste noire ?

The goal, not to automatically expel the student, but to address the underlying problem. ||||||||||||underlying| Le but, non pas d'expulser automatiquement l'élève, mais de régler le problème sous-jacent.

Virginia Valdes:

What I'm taking away today is that not everything can be solved with a suspension. Ce que je retiens aujourd'hui, c'est que tout ne peut pas être résolu avec une suspension. It takes really bringing those students together, letting the victim feel heard, letting the one who did the bullying understand what he did or she did. Il faut vraiment réunir ces étudiants, laisser la victime se sentir entendue, laisser celui qui a fait l'intimidation comprendre ce qu'il a fait ou ce qu'elle a fait. It's really changing our mind-set. Il s'agit d'un véritable changement de mentalité. Lisa Stark:

Advocates say this can be more effective than turning schools into fortresses, because most school shootings are carried out not by an outsider, but by a student. Advocates|||||||||||||||||||||||||| Les partisans disent que cela peut être plus efficace que de transformer les écoles en forteresses, car la plupart des fusillades dans les écoles ne sont pas perpétrées par un étranger, mais par un étudiant.

Dewey Cornell:

We have done a series of controlled studies over the past 15 years showing that, when schools use our model, their suspension rates go down, their bullying goes down, and the threats aren't carried out. Nous avons réalisé une série d'études contrôlées au cours des 15 dernières années montrant que, lorsque les écoles utilisent notre modèle, leurs taux de suspension diminuent, leur intimidation diminue et les menaces ne sont pas mises à exécution. Lisa Stark:

The Sandy Hook training isn't one and done. La formation Sandy Hook n'est pas unique et terminée. Schools pledge to keep awareness high. |pledge|||awareness| Les écoles s'engagent à maintenir une sensibilisation élevée.

At Ferguson, the Psychology Honor Society sponsors numerous events. À Ferguson, la Psychology Honor Society parraine de nombreux événements. You have heard of speed-dating? Vous avez entendu parler du speed-dating ? The students here have a new version- speed-friending. ||||||version||

Danielle Jattin:

We got people from different grades and we put them all in the gymnasium, and each of them had two-minute conversations. Nous avons eu des gens de différentes classes et nous les avons tous mis dans le gymnase, et chacun d'eux a eu des conversations de deux minutes. And then you can see that people were, like, laughing, people who had never met each other. Et vous pouvez voir que les gens riaient, des gens qui ne s'étaient jamais rencontrés. People were having full on conversations. Lisa Stark:

An effort they believe has paid off. Un effort qui, selon eux, a porté ses fruits.

Carolina Blanco:

In one of the speed-friendings, there was a student that was having a problem, and he opened up to it. Dans l'un des speed-friendings, il y avait un étudiant qui avait un problème, et il s'est ouvert à lui. So, we brought the attention to one of his teachers, and that really helped him to cope with his problems and talk about them more. Nous avons donc attiré l'attention sur l'un de ses professeurs, et cela l'a vraiment aidé à faire face à ses problèmes et à en parler davantage. Lisa Stark:

Other activities include encouraging students to join someone eating alone, and to pass positive notes to friends and strangers. D'autres activités consistent à encourager les élèves à se joindre à quelqu'un pour manger seul et à transmettre des notes positives à des amis et à des étrangers.

Ferguson High School psychology teacher Michelle Vigoa-Suarez heads up the ongoing activities, inspired by Sandy Hook Promise. |||||||||||ongoing|||||| Michelle Vigoa-Suarez, professeur de psychologie au lycée Ferguson, dirige les activités en cours, inspirées par Sandy Hook Promise.

Michelle Vigoa-suarez:

Before they came, I didn't really value what I could do. Avant leur arrivée, je n'appréciais pas vraiment ce que je pouvais faire. It was kind of like, I thought of it as, well, it's a society problem, and let's just pray. C'était un peu comme, j'y ai pensé comme, eh bien, c'est un problème de société, et prions simplement. But when Sandy Hook came, they gave us the power to say, wait a minute, we can stop this. Why are we going to sit back and say, well, we will react when it happens? Pourquoi allons-nous nous asseoir et dire, eh bien, nous réagirons quand cela arrivera? Lisa Stark:

It's hard to measure how much of a difference all this really makes. Il est difficile de mesurer la différence que tout cela fait réellement. Sharon Krantz oversees the effort in the Miami-Dade schools. Sharon Krantz supervise les efforts déployés dans les écoles de Miami-Dade.

Sharon Krantz:

You know, this is prevention, so you don't really know what you prevented. ||||prevention||||||||prevented Vous savez, c'est de la prévention, donc vous ne savez pas vraiment ce que vous avez empêché. But I know that we are making it OK to speak up, we are making it OK to include people. Mais je sais que nous faisons en sorte qu'il soit acceptable de parler, nous faisons en sorte qu'il soit acceptable d'inclure les gens.

Nicole Hockley:

There have been times that we have reached out to different communities and families. Il y a eu des moments où nous avons tendu la main à différentes communautés et familles. Lisa Stark:

Nicole Hockley points to anecdotal reports indicating their Say Something training has stopped suicides and possible shootings. ||||anecdotal||indicating|||||||suicides||| Nicole Hockley souligne des rapports anecdotiques indiquant que leur formation Say Something a arrêté les suicides et les fusillades possibles.

In California, students reported a classmate's threatening online post. En Californie, des étudiants ont signalé la publication en ligne menaçante d'un camarade de classe. In Ohio, students overheard shooting threats, and alerted school officials. |||||||alerted|| Dans l'Ohio, des élèves ont entendu des menaces de tir et ont alerté les responsables de l'école.

And how does that make you feel? Et comment cela vous fait-il sentir?

Nicole Hockley:

Sometimes, it takes me out at the knees, if I'm honest with you, because it's incredibly elating to know that we have just been able to help someone else. ||||||||||||||||uplifting|||||||||||| Parfois, ça me prend aux genoux, si je suis honnête avec vous, parce que c'est incroyablement exaltant de savoir que nous venons de pouvoir aider quelqu'un d'autre. But it's never going to be enough. Lisa Stark:

Hockley says it only encourages her to take her message to more schools, to redouble her efforts. ||||||||||||||redouble|| Selon Mme Hockley, cela ne fait que l'encourager à transmettre son message à d'autres écoles et à redoubler d'efforts.

For Education Week and the PBS NewsHour, I'm Lisa Stark in Miami, Florida. ||||||||||||Florida