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TED Talks, Justin Hall-Tipping: Freeing energy from the grid

Justin Hall-Tipping: Freeing energy from the grid

Why can't we solve these problems? We know what they are. Something always seems to stop us. Why? I remember March the 15th, 2000. The B15 iceberg broke off the Ross Ice Shelf. In the newspaper it said "it was all part of a normal process." A little bit further on in the article it said "a loss that would normally take the ice shelf 50-100 years to replace. "That same word, "normal," had two different, almost opposite meanings. If we walk into the B15 iceberg when we leave here today, we're going to bump into something a thousand feet tall, 76 miles long, 17 miles wide, and it's going to weigh two giga tons.I'm sorry, there's nothing normal about this. And yet I think it's this perspective of us as humans to look at our world through the lens of normal is one of the forces that stops us developing real solutions. Only 90 days after this, arguably the greatest discovery of the last century occurred. It was the sequencing for the first time of the human genome. This is the code that's in every single one of our 50 trillion cells that makes us who we are and what we are.And if we just take one cell's worth of this code and unwind it, it's a meter long, two nanometers thick.Two nanometers is 20 atoms in thickness. And I wondered, what if the answer to some of our biggest problems could be found in the smallest of places, where the difference between what is valuable and what is worthless is merely the addition or subtraction of a few atoms? And what if we could get exquisite control over the essence of energy, the electron? So I started to go around the world finding the best and brightest scientists I could at universities whose collective discoveries have the chance to take us there, and we formed a company to build on their extraordinary ideas.

Six and a half years later, a hundred and eighty researchers, they have some amazing developments in the lab, and I will show you three of those today, such that we can stop burning up our planet and instead, we can generate all the energy we need right where we are, cleanly, safely, and cheaply. Think of the space that we spend most of our time. A tremendous amount of energy is coming at us from the sun. We like the light that comes into the room, but in the middle of summer, all that heat is coming into the room that we're trying to keep cool. In winter, exactly the opposite is happening. We're trying to heat up the space that we're in, and all that is trying to get out through the window. Wouldn't it be really great if the window could flick back the heat into the room if we needed it or flick it away before it came in? One of the materials that can do this is a remarkable material, carbon, that has changed its form in this incredibly beautiful reaction where graphite is blasted by a vapor, and when the vaporized carbon condenses, it condenses back into a different form: chicken wire rolled up. But this chicken wire carbon, called a carbon nanotube,is a hundred thousand times smaller than the width of one of your hairs. It's a thousand times more conductive than copper. How is that possible? One of the things about working at the nanoscale is things look and act very differently. You think of carbon as black.Carbon at the nanoscale is actually transparent and flexible. And when it's in this form, if I combine it with a polymer and affix it to your window when it's in its colored state, it will reflect away all heat and light,and when it's in its bleached state it will let all the light and heat through and any combination in between.To change its state, by the way, takes two volts from a millisecond pulse. And once you've changed its state, it stays there until you change its state again. As we were working on this incredible discovery at University of Florida, we were told to go down the corridor to visit another scientist, and he was working on a pretty incredible thing. Imagine if we didn't have to rely on artificial lighting to get around at night. We'd have to see at night, right? This lets you do it. It's a nanomaterial, two nanomaterials, a detector and an imager. The total width of it is 600 times smaller than the width of a decimal place. And it takes all the infrared available at night, converts it into an electron in the space of two small films, and is enabling you to play an image which you can see through. I'm going to show to TED sters, the first time, this operating. Firstly I'm going to show you the transparency. Transparency is key. It's a film that you can look through. And then I'm going to turn the lights out. And you can see, off a tiny film, incredible clarity.

As we were working on this, it dawned on us: this is taking infrared radiation, wavelengths, and converting it into electrons. What if we combined it with this? Suddenly you've converted energy into an electron on a plastic surface that you can stick on your window. But because it's flexible, it can be on any surface whatsoever. The power plant of tomorrow is no power plant. We talked about generating and using. We want to talk about storing energy, and unfortunately the best thing we've got going is something that was developed in Francea hundred and fifty years ago, the lead acid battery. In terms of dollars per what's stored,it's simply the best. Knowing that we're not going to put fifty of these in our basements to store our power, we went to a group at University of Texas at Dallas, and we gave them this diagram. It was in actually a diner outside of Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. We said, "Could you build this?" And these scientists, instead of laughing at us, said, "Yeah. "And what they built was eBox.EBox is testing new nanomaterials to park an electron on the outside, hold it until you need it, and then be able to release it and pass it off.Being able to do that means that I can generate energy cleanly, efficiently and cheaply right where I am. It's my energy. And if I don't need it, I can convert it back up on the window to energy, light, and beam it, line of site, to your place. And for that I do not need an electric grid between us.

The grid of tomorrow is no grid, and energy, clean efficient energy, will one day be free. If you do this, you get the last puzzle piece, which is water.Each of us, every day, need just eight glasses of this, because we're human. When we run out of water, as we are in some parts of the world and soon to be in other parts of the world, we're going to have to get this from the sea, and that's going to require us to build desalination plants.19 trillion dollars is what we're going to have to spend.These also require tremendous amounts of energy. In fact, it's going to require twice the world's supply of oil to run the pumps to generate the water. We're simply not going to do that. But in a world where energy is freed and transmittable easily and cheaply, we can take any water wherever we are and turn it into whatever we need.

I'm glad to be working with incredibly brilliant and kind scientists, no kinder than many of the people in the world, but they have a magic look at the world. And I'm glad to see their discoveries coming out of the lab and into the world. It's been a long time in coming for me.18 years ago, I saw a photograph in the paper.It was taken by Kevin Carter who went to the Sudan to document their famine there. I've carried this photograph with me every day since then. It's a picture of a little girl dying of thirst. By any standard this is wrong. It's just wrong. We can do better than this. We should do better than this.

And whenever I go round to somebody who says,"You know what, you're working on something that's too difficult. It'll never happen. You don't have enough money. You don't have enough time.There's something much more interesting around the corner,"I say, "Try saying that to her. "That's what I say in my mind. And I just say"thank you," and I go on to the next one.This is why we have to solve our problems,and I know the answer as to how is to be able to get exquisite control over a building block of nature,the stuff of life:the simple electron. Thank you.

(Applause)

Justin Hall-Tipping: Freeing energy from the grid Justin Hall-Tipping: Energie aus dem Netz befreien Justin Hall-Tipping: Liberar energía de la red ジャスティン・ホールティッピング：グリッドからエネルギーを解放する Justin Hall-Tipping: Libertar energia da rede Джастин Холл-Типпинг: Освобождение энергии из сети

Why can't we solve these problems? We know what they are. Wir wissen was sie sind. Something always seems to stop us. Algo sempre parece nos parar. Why? I remember March the 15th, 2000. The B15 iceberg broke off the Ross Ice Shelf. In the newspaper it said "it was all part of a normal process." A little bit further on in the article it said "a loss that would normally take the ice shelf 50-100 years to replace. Um pouco mais adiante, no artigo, dizia "uma perda que normalmente levaria a plataforma de gelo de 50 a 100 anos para ser substituída. "That same word, "normal," had two different, almost opposite meanings. "Essa mesma palavra" normal "tinha dois significados diferentes, quase opostos. If we walk into the B15 iceberg when we leave here today, we're going to bump into something a thousand feet tall, 76 miles long, 17 miles wide, and it's going to weigh two giga tons.I'm sorry, there's nothing normal about this. Se entrarmos no iceberg B15 quando sairmos daqui hoje, vamos esbarrar em algo de mil pés de altura, 76 milhas de comprimento, 17 milhas de largura e pesará duas toneladas de giga. Desculpe, não há nada normal sobre isso. And yet I think it's this perspective of us as humans to look at our world through the lens of normal is one of the forces that stops us developing real solutions. E, no entanto, acho que é essa perspectiva de nós, humanos, olhar o mundo através das lentes do normal, é uma das forças que nos impedem de desenvolver soluções reais. Only 90 days after this, arguably the greatest discovery of the last century occurred. Apenas 90 dias depois disso, sem dúvida a maior descoberta do século passado ocorreu. It was the sequencing for the first time of the human genome. Foi o sequenciamento pela primeira vez do genoma humano. This is the code that's in every single one of our 50 trillion cells that makes us who we are and what we are.And if we just take one cell's worth of this code and unwind it, it's a meter long, two nanometers thick.Two nanometers is 20 atoms in thickness. Este é o código que está em cada uma das nossas 50 trilhões de células que nos torna quem somos e o que somos. nanômetros tem 20 átomos de espessura. And I wondered, what if the answer to some of our biggest problems could be found in the smallest of places, where the difference between what is valuable and what is worthless is merely the addition or subtraction of a few atoms? And what if we could get exquisite control over the essence of energy, the electron? E se pudéssemos obter um controle requintado sobre a essência da energia, o elétron? So I started to go around the world finding the best and brightest scientists I could at universities whose collective discoveries have the chance to take us there, and we formed a company to build on their extraordinary ideas. Então comecei a viajar pelo mundo encontrando os melhores e mais brilhantes cientistas que pude em universidades cujas descobertas coletivas têm a chance de nos levar até lá, e formamos uma empresa para aproveitar suas idéias extraordinárias.

Six and a half years later, a hundred and eighty researchers, they have some amazing developments in the lab, and I will show you three of those today, such that we can stop burning up our planet and instead, we can generate all the energy we need right where we are, cleanly, safely, and cheaply. Seis anos e meio depois, cento e oitenta pesquisadores, eles têm alguns desenvolvimentos incríveis no laboratório, e mostrarei três deles hoje, para que possamos parar de queimar nosso planeta e, em vez disso, gerar toda a energia precisamos exatamente onde estamos, de forma limpa, segura e barata. Think of the space that we spend most of our time. Pense no espaço que passamos a maior parte do tempo. A tremendous amount of energy is coming at us from the sun. Uma quantidade enorme de energia está vindo para nós do sol. We like the light that comes into the room, but in the middle of summer, all that heat is coming into the room that we're trying to keep cool. Gostamos da luz que entra na sala, mas no meio do verão, todo o calor está entrando na sala que estamos tentando manter a calma. In winter, exactly the opposite is happening. No inverno, exatamente o oposto está acontecendo. We're trying to heat up the space that we're in, and all that is trying to get out through the window. Estamos tentando aquecer o espaço em que estamos, e tudo o que está tentando sair pela janela. Wouldn't it be really great if the window could flick back the heat into the room if we needed it or flick it away before it came in? Não seria realmente bom se a janela pudesse voltar o calor para dentro da sala se precisássemos dela ou afastá-la antes de entrar? One of the materials that can do this is a remarkable material, carbon, that has changed its form in this incredibly beautiful reaction where graphite is blasted by a vapor, and when the vaporized carbon condenses, it condenses back into a different form: chicken wire rolled up. Um dos materiais que pode fazer isso é um material notável, o carbono, que mudou de forma nesta reação incrivelmente bela, na qual a grafite é explodida por um vapor e, quando o carbono vaporizado se condensa, ele se condensa novamente em uma forma diferente: arame de galinha enrolado. But this chicken wire carbon, called a carbon nanotube,is a hundred thousand times smaller than the width of one of your hairs. Mas esse carbono do fio de galinha, chamado nanotubo de carbono, é cem mil vezes menor que a largura de um de seus cabelos. It's a thousand times more conductive than copper. How is that possible? One of the things about working at the nanoscale is things look and act very differently. Uma das coisas sobre o trabalho em nanoescala é que as coisas parecem e agem de maneira muito diferente. You think of carbon as black.Carbon at the nanoscale is actually transparent and flexible. Você pensa no carbono como preto. O carbono na nanoescala é realmente transparente e flexível. And when it's in this form, if I combine it with a polymer and affix it to your window when it's in its colored state, it will reflect away all heat and light,and when it's in its bleached state it will let all the light and heat through and any combination in between.To change its state, by the way, takes two volts from a millisecond pulse. E quando estiver nessa forma, se eu combiná-lo com um polímero e fixá-lo à sua janela quando estiver em seu estado colorido, ele refletirá todo o calor e luz, e quando estiver em estado branqueado deixará toda a luz e calor e qualquer combinação entre eles. Para alterar seu estado, a propósito, são necessários dois volts de um milissegundo de pulso. And once you've changed its state, it stays there until you change its state again. E uma vez que você alterou seu estado, ele permanece lá até que você altere seu estado novamente. As we were working on this incredible discovery at University of Florida, we were told to go down the corridor to visit another scientist, and he was working on a pretty incredible thing. Enquanto estávamos trabalhando nessa incrível descoberta na Universidade da Flórida, fomos instruídos a descer o corredor para visitar outro cientista, e ele estava trabalhando em uma coisa incrível. Imagine if we didn't have to rely on artificial lighting to get around at night. Imagine se não precisássemos de contar com iluminação artificial para se locomover à noite. We'd have to see at night, right? Teríamos que ver à noite, certo? This lets you do it. Isso permite que você faça. It's a nanomaterial, two nanomaterials, a detector and an imager. É um nanomaterial, dois nanomateriais, um detector e um gerador de imagens. The total width of it is 600 times smaller than the width of a decimal place. A largura total é 600 vezes menor que a largura de uma casa decimal. And it takes all the infrared available at night, converts it into an electron in the space of two small films, and is enabling you to play an image which you can see through. I'm going to show to TED sters, the first time, this operating. Vou mostrar aos instaladores do TED, pela primeira vez, esta operação. Firstly I'm going to show you the transparency. Transparency is key. It's a film that you can look through. É um filme que você pode ver. And then I'm going to turn the lights out. And you can see, off a tiny film, incredible clarity. E você pode ver, de um filme minúsculo, uma nitidez incrível.

As we were working on this, it dawned on us: this is taking infrared radiation, wavelengths, and converting it into electrons. Enquanto estávamos trabalhando nisso, ocorreu-nos: tomar radiação infravermelha, comprimentos de onda e convertê-la em elétrons. What if we combined it with this? Suddenly you've converted energy into an electron on a plastic surface that you can stick on your window. But because it's flexible, it can be on any surface whatsoever. The power plant of tomorrow is no power plant. We talked about generating and using. Nós conversamos sobre gerar e usar. We want to talk about storing energy, and unfortunately the best thing we've got going is something that was developed in Francea hundred and fifty years ago, the lead acid battery. In terms of dollars per what's stored,it's simply the best. Knowing that we're not going to put fifty of these in our basements to store our power, we went to a group at University of Texas at Dallas, and we gave them this diagram. Sabendo que não colocaremos cinquenta deles em nossos porões para armazenar nossa energia, fomos a um grupo da Universidade do Texas em Dallas e lhes demos esse diagrama. It was in actually a diner outside of Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. We said, "Could you build this?" And these scientists, instead of laughing at us, said, "Yeah. "And what they built was eBox.EBox is testing new nanomaterials to park an electron on the outside, hold it until you need it, and then be able to release it and pass it off.Being able to do that means that I can generate energy cleanly, efficiently and cheaply right where I am. It's my energy. And if I don't need it, I can convert it back up on the window to energy, light, and beam it, line of site, to your place. And for that I do not need an electric grid between us.

The grid of tomorrow is no grid, and energy, clean efficient energy, will one day be free. If you do this, you get the last puzzle piece, which is water.Each of us, every day, need just eight glasses of this, because we're human. Se você fizer isso, você obtém a última peça do quebra-cabeça, que é a água. Todos nós, todos os dias, precisamos de apenas oito copos disso, porque somos humanos. When we run out of water, as we are in some parts of the world and soon to be in other parts of the world, we're going to have to get this from the sea, and that's going to require us to build desalination plants.19 trillion dollars is what we're going to have to spend.These also require tremendous amounts of energy. In fact, it's going to require twice the world's supply of oil to run the pumps to generate the water. We're simply not going to do that. But in a world where energy is freed and transmittable easily and cheaply, we can take any water wherever we are and turn it into whatever we need.

I'm glad to be working with incredibly brilliant and kind scientists, no kinder than many of the people in the world, but they have a magic look at the world. And I'm glad to see their discoveries coming out of the lab and into the world. It's been a long time in coming for me.18 years ago, I saw a photograph in the paper.It was taken by Kevin Carter who went to the Sudan to document their famine there. Há muito tempo que me procuram. 18 anos atrás, vi uma fotografia no jornal. Foi tirada por Kevin Carter, que foi ao Sudão para documentar sua fome lá. I've carried this photograph with me every day since then. It's a picture of a little girl dying of thirst. By any standard this is wrong. Por qualquer padrão, isso está errado. It's just wrong. We can do better than this. Nós podemos fazer melhor que isso. We should do better than this. Deveríamos fazer melhor que isso.

And whenever I go round to somebody who says,"You know what, you're working on something that's too difficult. E sempre que vou a alguém que diz: "Quer saber, você está trabalhando em algo que é muito difícil. It'll never happen. You don't have enough money. You don't have enough time.There's something much more interesting around the corner,"I say, "Try saying that to her. Você não tem tempo suficiente. Há algo muito mais interessante ao virar da esquina ", digo", tente dizer isso a ela. "That's what I say in my mind. And I just say"thank you," and I go on to the next one.This is why we have to solve our problems,and I know the answer as to how is to be able to get exquisite control over a building block of nature,the stuff of life:the simple electron. E eu apenas digo "obrigado" e continuo com o próximo. É por isso que temos que resolver nossos problemas, e eu sei a resposta sobre como conseguir um controle requintado sobre um elemento essencial da natureza. , o material da vida: o elétron simples. Thank you.

(Applause)