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BBC - 6 Minute English (YouTube), Food made in space - 6 Minute English - YouTube

Food made in space - 6 Minute English - YouTube

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from

BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

And I'm Georgina.

Last November Nasa launched

a very unusual home delivery

service - a rocket carrying

four tonnes of supplies to the

ISS - the International Space Station.

Among the scientific equipment were

twelve bottles of red wine

from the famous Bordeaux

region of France.

The astronauts might have wanted

a glass of wine with dinner,

but the real purpose of

the bottles was to explore the possibility

of producing food and drink in space - not

for astronauts but for people

back on Earth.

In today's programme we'll be finding out

how growing plants in space

can develop crops

which are more productive and more

resistant to climate change here on Earth.

And we'll hear how plants can grow

in environments with little or

no natural light. But first,

today's quiz question: what was the first

food grown in space? Was it:

a) potatoes, b) lettuce, or c) tomatoes?

Well, in the film, The Martian, a stranded

astronaut grows potatoes on Mars.

I know it's

only a film but I'll say a) potatoes!

OK. We'll find out the answer later. Now,

you might be wondering how

it's possible to

grow plants without natural light.

British company Vertical Future

has been working on

this problem by developing indoor

farming methods in partnership

with Nasa.

Here's their Head of Research,

Jen Bromley, explaining the process

to BBC World Service

programme, The Food Chain:

Basically we use LED lighting and we use

LED lights that are tuned to

a specific wavelength.

So, if you image what the rainbow looks

like, the reason a plant looks

green is because

it's not using all the green light - it actually

reflects a lot of that back. So the reason

why it looks pink in here is because we're

actually only using red light and blue light

to grow the plants, and that essentially

tailors the light diet so that

the plants look kind of black

when you look at them because

they're not reflecting any light - they're

being super-efficient,

they're using up every photon

that hits them.

The lack of natural light in space means

that plants are grown using

LED lights - LED is

an abbreviation of 'light emitting diode'

- an electronic device that lights up when

electricity is passed through it.

On Earth plants look green because they

reflect back any light travelling

at a certain wavelength -

the distance between two waves of light

which make things appear

to us in the various

colours of the rainbow.

But when scientists control the

wavelengths being fed, plants

are able to absorb every

photon - particle of light energy,

making them appear black.

Each particle of light that hits the leaves

is absorbed and through

photosynthesis is

converted into plant food. Nasa

found that different colour

combinations, or light recipes,

can change a plant's shape, size

and even flavour.

But the lack of natural light isn't the

biggest obstacle to

growing food in space. Here's

Gioia Massa, chief plant scientist

at the Kennedy Space Centre

in Florida, to explain:

Microgravity is really challenging but

plants are amazing! They can

adapt to so many different

environments - we call this plasticity

because they can turn on or off

their genes to really

adapt to all sorts of conditions and that's

why you see plants growing

in different areas

on Earth - the same type of plant

may look very different

because it's adapting to the

environment in that specific location.

On Earth, plants use gravity to position

themselves - shoots grow up,

roots grow down. But this

doesn't apply in space because of

microgravity - the weaker pull

of gravity making things

float and seem weightless.

Plants can only survive in these

conditions due to their

plasticity - the ability of living

organisms to adapt and cope with

changes in the environment

by changing their biological

structure.

Plants adapt themselves to being

in space by manipulating their

genes - chemicals and

DNA in the cells of plants and animals

which control their development

and behaviour.

In the low-gravity atmosphere of space,

plants become stressed but

they adapt genetically.

And as a result they're stronger and

more resilient to other, less

stressful events

when they return home to Earth.

Like those bottles of red wine orbiting

Earth as we speak.

The effects of microgravity on

the wine's organic composition will be

studied and could hopefully

offer solutions for growing

food in Earth's changing climate.

So, Neil, if it wasn't red grapes, what

was the first food grown in space?

Ah yes, in today's quiz question I asked

what the first plant grown in space was.

I said, a) potatoes.

But in fact it was... b) lettuce - grown

over fifteen months on the ISS,

then eaten in fifteen

minutes in the first ever space salad.

Today we've been discussing the

possibilities of growing plants

in space using LED lights

- devices that use electricity

to produce light.

The energy needed for plants to grow is

contained in photons - or light

particles, travelling

at different wavelengths - distances

between light waves which

make things look different

colours.

Plants have evolved over millennia using

the strong gravity on Earth.

But this changes

in space because of microgravity - the

weaker gravitational pull making

things in space

float and seem weightless.

Luckily plants use their genes - the

chemicals in DNA responsible

for growth - to adapt to

new environments by changing their

biological structure - a process

known as plasticity.

All of which makes it possible for

astronauts to enjoy a glass

of wine and green salad in

space.

And genetically stronger plants

specimens to study back on Earth.

That's all for today but join us again soon

at 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

Bye!

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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from

BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

And I'm Georgina.

Last November Nasa launched |||palaida |نوامبر گذشته|| ||a NASA|

a very unusual home delivery ||||entrega

service - a rocket carrying ||موشک حامل| ||Rakete im Dienst| ||foguete lançador|

four tonnes of supplies to the |toneladas||suprimentos||

ISS - the International Space Station. Estação Espacial Internacional||Internacional||

Among the scientific equipment were

twelve bottles of red wine ||||vinho

from the famous Bordeaux |||بوردو معروف |||Bordeaux |||Bordeaux

region of France.

The astronauts might have wanted

a glass of wine with dinner,

but the real purpose of

the bottles was to explore the possibility

of producing food and drink in space - not

for astronauts but for people

back on Earth.

In today's programme we'll be finding out

how growing plants in space

can develop crops ||var audzēt kultūraugus

which are more productive and more

resistant to climate change here on Earth. resilient||||||

And we'll hear how plants can grow

in environments with little or |ambientes|||

no natural light. But first,

today's quiz question: what was the first

food grown in space? Was it: |cultivada||||

a) potatoes, b) lettuce, or c) tomatoes? |||a) kartupeļi b) salāti c) tomāti||| |||کاهو||| |||a) Kartoffeln b) Salat c) Tomaten||| |||lettuce||| |batatas||alface|||os tomates

Well, in the film, The Martian, a stranded |||||||iestrēdzis |||||مریخی|| |||||Marsianer|| |||||||stuck |||filme||o marciano||abandonado

astronaut grows potatoes on Mars. |cultiva|||

I know it's

only a film but I'll say a) potatoes!

OK. We'll find out the answer later. Now,

you might be wondering how

it's possible to

grow plants without natural light.

British company Vertical Future

has been working on

this problem by developing indoor ||||در محیط داخلی ||||internamente

farming methods in partnership |||شراکت در کشاورزی agricultura|||parceria

with Nasa.

Here's their Head of Research,

Jen Bromley, explaining the process |جن بروملی||| Jen Bromley|Bromley|||

to BBC World Service

programme, The Food Chain: |||cadeia alimentar

Basically we use LED lighting and we use ||||lighting||| ||||iluminação LED|||

LED lights that are tuned to ||||noregulētas| ||||adjusted| |luzes||||

a specific wavelength. ||specific wavelength ||comprimento de onda ||Wellenlänge ||viļņa garums ||طول موج خاص ||wavelength

So, if you image what the rainbow looks ||||||varavīksna izskatās| ||||||رنگین‌کمان| ||||||rainbow colors| ||||||arco-íris|

like, the reason a plant looks

green is because

it's not using all the green light - it actually

reflects a lot of that back. So the reason بازتاب می‌دهد|||||||| reflects||||||||

why it looks pink in here is because we're |||rosa|||||

actually only using red light and blue light

to grow the plants, and that essentially

tailors the light diet so that pielāgo||||| تنظیم می‌کند||||| stellt||||| ajusta||||| přizpůsobuje lehkou stravu tak, aby

the plants look kind of black

when you look at them because

they're not reflecting any light - they're ||بازتاب نمی‌کنند|||

being super-efficient,

they're using up every photon ||||katru fotonu ||||آنها هر فوتون را مصرف می‌کنند ||||fóton

that hits them. |trāpa viņiem|

The lack of natural light in space means |absence||||||

that plants are grown using

LED lights - LED is

an abbreviation of 'light emitting diode' |LED diodes|||| |||||دیود نوری |LED||||diode ||||emissor de luz|diodo emissor de luz

- an electronic device that lights up when ||dispositivo eletrônico||||

electricity is passed through it.

On Earth plants look green because they

reflect back any light travelling ||||que viaja

at a certain wavelength -

the distance between two waves of light

which make things appear

to us in the various

colours of the rainbow. cores|||

But when scientists control the

wavelengths being fed, plants ||baroti ar| طول موج‌ها||تغذیه می‌شوند| Wellenlängen||| ||supplied wavelengths| comprimentos de onda||fornecidas às|

are able to absorb every

photon - particle of light energy, |daļiņa||| |particle||| fóton|partícula|||

making them appear black.

Each particle of light that hits the leaves |ذره||||||

is absorbed and through |جذب می‌شود و از طریق|| |absorvido e através||

photosynthesis is فتوسنتز است| Photosynthese| fotossíntese|

converted into plant food. Nasa تبدیل شده|||| umgewandelt||||

found that different colour

combinations, or light recipes, combinations|||

can change a plant's shape, size |||da planta||

and even flavour. ||garša ||flavor ||sabor

But the lack of natural light isn't the

biggest obstacle to |lielākais šķērslis priekš| |Hindernis| |obstacle|

growing food in space. Here's

Gioia Massa, chief plant scientist Gioia Massa|Massa|chefe científica||

at the Kennedy Space Centre ||Kennedy||

in Florida, to explain: |na Flórida||

Microgravity is really challenging but microgravidade||||

plants are amazing! They can

adapt to so many different

environments - we call this plasticity ||||plastiskums ||||plasticity

because they can turn on or off

their genes to really |Gene||

adapt to all sorts of conditions and that's adapt|||||||

why you see plants growing

in different areas

on Earth - the same type of plant

may look very different

because it's adapting to the ||adaptando-se||

environment in that specific location.

On Earth, plants use gravity to position ||||gravity||

themselves - shoots grow up, |dzinumi aug|| |sich selbst treiben|| |brotos|| paši - dzinumi aug uz augšu,

roots grow down. But this raízes|||| saknes aug uz leju. Bet tas

doesn't apply in space because of neattiecas uz kosmosu, jo

microgravity - the weaker pull Mikrogravitation||| microgravidade|||atração mais fraca

of gravity making things

float and seem weightless. schweben|||schwerelos float(1)||| flutuar|||sem peso

Plants can only survive in these

conditions due to their

plasticity - the ability of living

organisms to adapt and cope with os organismos|||||

changes in the environment

by changing their biological

structure.

Plants adapt themselves to being

in space by manipulating their |||manipulando suas|

genes - chemicals and

DNA in the cells of plants and animals DNA|||||||

which control their development

and behaviour.

In the low-gravity atmosphere of space,

plants become stressed but

they adapt genetically. ||genetisch

And as a result they're stronger and

more resilient to other, less |resilient|||

stressful events

when they return home to Earth.

Like those bottles of red wine orbiting ||||||orbiting ||||||girando em torno

Earth as we speak.

The effects of microgravity on

the wine's organic composition will be |||composition|| |a composição orgânica||composição orgânica||

studied and could hopefully

offer solutions for growing

food in Earth's changing climate.

So, Neil, if it wasn't red grapes, what ||||||انگور قرمز| ||||||uvas|

was the first food grown in space?

Ah yes, in today's quiz question I asked

what the first plant grown in space was.

I said, a) potatoes.

But in fact it was... b) lettuce - grown

over fifteen months on the ISS,

then eaten in fifteen

minutes in the first ever space salad. ||||||salada espacial

Today we've been discussing the

possibilities of growing plants امکان رشد گیاهان|||

in space using LED lights

- devices that use electricity

to produce light.

The energy needed for plants to grow is

contained in photons - or light contained|||| contido em||fótons||

particles, travelling

at different wavelengths - distances |||distâncias

between light waves which

make things look different

colours.

Plants have evolved over millennia using ||||هزاره‌ها| ||evolved||Jahrtausenden| ||||milênios|

the strong gravity on Earth.

But this changes

in space because of microgravity - the

weaker gravitational pull making |جاذبه ضعیف‌تر|| |atração gravitacional|atração gravitacional|

things in space

float and seem weightless. flutuar|||

Luckily plants use their genes - the Felizmente|||||

chemicals in DNA responsible |||causing effects

for growth - to adapt to

new environments by changing their

biological structure - a process

known as plasticity. ||Plastizität

All of which makes it possible for

astronauts to enjoy a glass

of wine and green salad in

space.

And genetically stronger plants

specimens to study back on Earth. نمونه‌ها برای مطالعه||||| Proben||||| specimens||||| especimes|||||

That's all for today but join us again soon

at 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

Bye!