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Oxford Online English, How to Use Will, Would and Might - English Modal Verbs Lesson

How to Use Will, Would and Might - English Modal Verbs Lesson

Hi, I'm Stephanie.

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

In this lesson, you can learn about will, might and would.

Do you know the difference between will and would?

What about the difference between might and would?

In this lesson, you'll learn what these modal verbs mean, and how to use them correctly.

One point: when we say might, we also mean may.

Might and may are used in the same way, so almost everything you hear about might is

also true about may.

In the few cases where might and may are used differently, we'll make it clear.

Let's start by looking at the difference between will and might.

Look at a pair of sentences:

I'll go to a yoga class tonight.

I might go to a yoga class tonight.

What's the difference?

The first sentence, with will, expresses certainty.

You're 100% sure about your plans.

The second sentence, with might, expresses possibility.

You're not 100% sure about your plans.

It's possible that you'll go to a yoga class, but it's also possible that you'll

do something else.

That's the difference between will and might.

Both modal verbs are used to talk about the future.

Will expresses certainty about the future, while might expresses possibility, which in

a way is the opposite of certainty; possibility means that you're not certain about something.

Think about the negative forms:

I won't go to a yoga class tonight.

I might not go to a yoga class tonight.

Can you see the difference here?

The answer is the same: using will or won't shows that you're 100% sure about what will

happen.

Using might or might not shows that you aren't 100% sure about what will happen.

Let's see some more examples of this:

It will be hot next week.

You're sure about this.

It might be hot next week.

It's possible that it'll be hot, but you aren't sure.

He won't come unless you tell him several weeks beforehand.

You're sure about this.

He might not come unless you tell him several weeks beforehand.

It's possible that he won't come in this case, but you aren't sure.

Next, let's think about the difference between will and would.

When you say,

It will be hot next week.

Or: It might be hot next week.

…you're talking about the real future.

You think it's possible that it will be hot next week.

Even if you're not sure, it's still a real possibility.

What do you mean, ‘real future'?

Is there another kind?

Glad you asked!

Yes, there is.

In English, you can also talk about the imaginary future.

Let's see how:

If I could go anywhere, I'd go to Nepal.

Who would you choose if it was up to you?

I'd never speak to you again if you told her.

Look at these examples.

Do you know what ‘imaginary future' means?

It means you're imagining something in the future, but you don't think it will actually

happen in reality.

If I could go anywhere, I'd go to Nepal.

I can't go anywhere, so I won't go to Nepal.

I'm just imagining it.

Who would you choose if it was up to you?

It's not up to you, so you can't choose.

I'm just asking you to imagine that it's your decision.

I'd never speak to you again if you told her.

I don't think you will tell her, so I don't think it's realistic that I'll never speak

to you again.

Of course, I could be wrong…

So, when you use will, you're talking about the real future.

You're certain about something that is a real possibility.

When you use would, you're also certain, but about the imaginary future.

You're imagining a future, and you're sure about what would happen in that imaginary

future…

…but, you don't think that imaginary future will ever actually become reality.

Ok, now we'd like you to think about something.

Look at three sentences:

Even if you ask, I won't help you.

Even if you asked, I wouldn't help you.

If you asked, I would help you.

A question: which of these sentences means that I will help you in the future?

Think about it.

Actually, that was a trick question.

All three sentences mean that I won't help you in the real future.

Did you get it right?

In our experience, many students get this question wrong.

Either way, let's explain the answer.

Even if you ask, I won't help you.

This one is hopefully obvious.

If you say, I won't, you're talking about the real future.

Even if you ask—in reality—I won't help you—in reality.

Even if you asked, I wouldn't help you.

What's the difference between this and the first sentence?

The only difference is that I don't think you'll ask me to help you.

You won't ask me to help you, so I won't help you.

But, even if you asked, I still wouldn't help you.

Nice of me, right?

If you asked, I would help you.

This is the sentence that can cause problems.

Can you explain why this means that I won't help you, in reality, in the future?

This sentence is about the imaginary future.

Using would means that you don't think this situation will happen.

If you asked, I would help you, but I don't think you will ask, so I don't think I will

help you.

This is an important point, and it can cause misunderstandings—we've seen it happen

many times!

Let's look at this in more detail.

Look at two sentences:

She won't agree.

She would agree.

What's the difference between them?

Hopefully, now you can answer that question.

The most important point is that in both sentences, you mean that she won't agree in reality.

In the first sentence, that's all you're saying; you're saying that she won't agree

in the future, and you're sure about that.

In the second sentence, you're talking about an imaginary future situation which exists

in your head.

You're not talking about what you think will happen in reality, so the basic meaning

is similar: she won't agree in reality.

Urgh—so abstract!

Why are we making you think about this?

If you don't understand this, you can very easily misunderstand quite important points

when you're speaking to someone in English.

For example, imagine you invite someone to your birthday dinner.

The other person says:

Well, I would come…

You think, ‘Great!

This person's coming!'

You walk away and continue making your birthday plans.

Except, as you hopefully understood, they're not coming.

They left part of their sentence unsaid.

The full sentence might be something like:

I would come if I wasn't so busy.

I would come if I was free.

I would come, but I don't want to spend any money on buying you a present.

You don't know.

The point is: the other person won't come to your birthday dinner in reality.

And, reality is probably more important to you, right?

Of course, this wouldn't be a problem if everybody was direct and said exactly what

they meant, but in the real world, people are often indirect, and they don't say exactly

what they mean.

Also, people usually speak with contractions: I'll, I'd, she'll, she'd, etc.

It can be hard to hear the difference, but the meaning can be totally opposite.

If you're listening, and you're not sure if someone said I'll or I'd, here's

our advice: ask!

It's important, because you could completely misunderstand the situation.

We've talked a lot about will and would here, but what about might?

Can you use might to talk about the imaginary future?

You can use might to talk about the real future or the imaginary future.

Look at three sentences:

It might snow next week.

He might have a different suggestion.

Taking the bus might not be the best way to get there.

Are these sentences about the real future, or not?

Is it possible that it will snow next week, or not?

These sentences are about the real future.

They all describe real future possibilities that you aren't 100% sure about.

In a simple sentence like this, might is always about real future possibilities.

However, you can also use might to talk about the imaginary future, too.

Do you know how?

Here are some examples:

If I had more energy, I might join you.

He might not pay you back if you lent him the money.

Can you see the difference?

You can use might to talk about the imaginary future only in a sentence with if.

You also need to use a past tense verb after if.

Think about something: what do these sentences mean?

The first sentence means that I don't have more energy, so I won't join you, but I'm

imagining a future in which I have more energy, and even in that imaginary future, I'm not

100% sure I would join you.

Clearly, whatever you're inviting me to isn't very exciting.

He might not pay you back if you lent him the money.

I don't think you'll actually lend him the money in reality, but I'm imagining

a future where you do lend him the money, and in that imaginary future, I'm not 100%

sure whether he would pay you back or not.

Finally, this is one case where might and may are different.

You can't use may in these sentences to talk about the imaginary future.

Only might is possible.

Up to now, you've seen how to use will, might and would to talk about the future.

But, what about the past?

First of all, you can't generally use will to talk about the past.

There are one or two cases where you can, but it's rare.

Generally, will is about the future, or sometimes the present.

You can use would or might to talk about imaginary past situations.

What does ‘imaginary past' mean?

Like the imaginary future, it means you imagine a past which didn't happen.

For example, let's say that you studied history at university.

You want to imagine a past where you studied medicine instead.

You might say something like:

If I'd studied medicine, I would have become a doctor.

I might have been more interested in my studies if I'd studied medicine.

In these cases, you're imagining a different past.

You didn't study medicine; you studied history.

But, what if you had studied medicine?

Imagine it; that's the situation these sentences are describing.

A question: what do you need to add after would or might to make the meaning past?

You need to add have and a past participle verb.

Also, when talking about the imaginary past, you almost always use an if-sentence.

Let's see some more examples:

I would have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday!

If I had missed the train, we might never have met!

Next question: can you explain what these sentences mean?

Let's look together.

The first sentence is imagining a different past.

In reality, I didn't know it was your birthday, and I didn't buy you a present.

But, I'm imagining a different past, where I knew it was your birthday.

In that imaginary past, I'm 100% sure I would have bought you a present.

The second sentence is also imagining a different past.

In reality, I didn't miss the train, so we did meet.

However, in my imaginary past, I missed the train.

In this imaginary situation, I'm not 100% sure whether we would have met or not.

Maybe we would have met somewhere else, or on another day, but maybe not.

You can see that these sentences contain a lot of information!

However, you only really need to think about two (or maybe three) things:

One: are you 100% sure or not 100% sure?

If you're 100% sure, use will or would.

If not, use might.

Two: are you talking about real life, or an imaginary situation?

If you're talking about real life, use will or might.

If you're talking about an imaginary situation, use would or might.

The final thing: you need to think about whether you're talking about the future or the past.

However, this doesn't change which verb you should use; it just changes how you should

use them.

You can practice this topic more with a quiz on our website: Oxford Online English dot

com.

Check the link in the video description!

See you next time!

Thanks for watching!

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How to Use Will, Would and Might - English Modal Verbs Lesson ||use|will||and||||Verbs|Lesson Wie man Will, Would und Might verwendet - Lektion über englische Modalverben Cómo usar will, would y might - Lección de verbos modales en inglés Comment utiliser Will, Would et Might - Leçon d'anglais sur les verbes modaux Come usare Will, Would e Might - Lezione sui verbi modali in inglese Will、Would、Mightの使い方 - モーダル動詞レッスン Will, Would, Might를 사용하는 방법 - 영어 조동사 수업 Hoe je Will, Would en Might gebruikt - Engelse les over modale werkwoorden Como usar Will, Would e Might - Lição de Verbos Modais em Inglês Как использовать Will, Would и Might - Урок модальных глаголов английского языка Will, Would ve Might Nasıl Kullanılır - İngilizce Modal Fiiller Dersi Як вживати Will, Would та Might - урок про модальні дієслова англійської мови 如何使用 Will、Would 和 Might - 英语情态动词课程 如何使用 Will、Would 和 Might - 英語情態動詞課程

Hi, I'm Stephanie. Bonjour, je suis Stéphanie.

Welcome to Oxford Online English! Bienvenue à Oxford Online English !

In this lesson, you can learn about will, might and would. Dans cette leçon, vous apprendrez ce que sont les mots "will", "might" et "would".

Do you know the difference between will and would? Connaissez-vous la différence entre "will" et "would" ?

What about the difference between might and would? Qu'en est-il de la différence entre "pourrait" et "serait" ?

In this lesson, you'll learn what these modal verbs mean, and how to use them correctly.

One point: when we say might, we also mean may. Ein Punkt: Wenn wir vielleicht sagen, meinen wir auch vielleicht. Un point : lorsque nous disons "pourrait", nous voulons aussi dire "pourrait".

Might and may are used in the same way, so almost everything you hear about might is Macht und Mai werden auf die gleiche Weise verwendet, also ist fast alles, was Sie über Macht hören, so Les termes "might" et "may" sont utilisés de la même manière, de sorte que presque tout ce que vous entendez à propos de "might" est "may".

also true about may. gilt auch für Mai. C'est également vrai pour le mois de mai.

In the few cases where might and may are used differently, we'll make it clear. In den wenigen Fällen, in denen möglicherweise und vielleicht anders verwendet werden, machen wir es klar. Dans les rares cas où les termes "pourrait" et "peut" sont utilisés différemment, nous le précisons.

Let's start by looking at the difference between will and might.

Look at a pair of sentences: Regardez une paire de phrases :

I'll go to a yoga class tonight. Ich gehe heute Abend zu einem Yoga-Kurs. J'irai à un cours de yoga ce soir.

I might go to a yoga class tonight. Vielleicht gehe ich heute Abend zu einem Yoga-Kurs. Je vais peut-être aller à un cours de yoga ce soir.

What's the difference? Quelle est la différence ?

The first sentence, with will, expresses certainty. Der erste Satz mit Willen drückt Gewissheit aus. La première phrase, avec la volonté, exprime la certitude.

You're 100% sure about your plans. Sie sind sich Ihrer Pläne 100% sicher.

The second sentence, with might, expresses possibility. Der zweite Satz, mit Macht, drückt Möglichkeit aus.

You're not 100% sure about your plans.

It's possible that you'll go to a yoga class, but it's also possible that you'll Il est possible que vous alliez à un cours de yoga, mais il est également possible que vous alliez...

do something else. faire autre chose.

That's the difference between will and might. Essa||||||

Both modal verbs are used to talk about the future. Beide Modalverben werden verwendet, um über die Zukunft zu sprechen.

Will expresses certainty about the future, while might expresses possibility, which in La volonté exprime la certitude quant à l'avenir, tandis que la possibilité exprime l'éventualité, ce qui, en l'occurrence, n'est pas le cas.

a way is the opposite of certainty; possibility means that you're not certain about something. |||||||||||||à propos| une manière est le contraire de la certitude ; la possibilité signifie que l'on n'est pas certain de quelque chose.

Think about the negative forms: Pensez aux formes négatives :

I won't go to a yoga class tonight. Ich werde heute Abend nicht zu einem Yoga-Kurs gehen. Je n'irai pas au cours de yoga ce soir.

I might not go to a yoga class tonight. Ich gehe heute Abend vielleicht nicht zu einem Yoga-Kurs.

Can you see the difference here? Voyez-vous la différence ?

The answer is the same: using will or won't shows that you're 100% sure about what will La réponse est la même : l'utilisation de "will" ou "won't" montre que vous êtes sûr à 100 % de ce qui va se passer.

happen.

Using might or might not shows that you aren't 100% sure about what will happen. Die Verwendung von „Möglich“ oder „Möglicherweise nicht“ zeigt, dass Sie sich nicht 100 % sicher sind, was passieren wird.

Let's see some more examples of this:

It will be hot next week. Nächste Woche wird es heiß.

You're sure about this.

It might be hot next week. Nächste Woche könnte es heiß werden.

It's possible that it'll be hot, but you aren't sure.

He won't come unless you tell him several weeks beforehand. |||||||||com antecedência Er wird nicht kommen, es sei denn, Sie sagen es ihm mehrere Wochen vorher.

You're sure about this.

He might not come unless you tell him several weeks beforehand. Er kommt vielleicht nicht, es sei denn, Sie sagen es ihm einige Wochen vorher.

It's possible that he won't come in this case, but you aren't sure. Es ist möglich, dass er in diesem Fall nicht kommt, aber Sie sind sich nicht sicher.

Next, let's think about the difference between will and would. Als nächstes wollen wir über den Unterschied zwischen will und would nachdenken.

When you say,

It will be hot next week. Nächste Woche wird es heiß.

Or: It might be hot next week. Oder: Nächste Woche könnte es heiß werden.

…you're talking about the real future. …du sprichst von der wirklichen Zukunft.

You think it's possible that it will be hot next week. Sie halten es für möglich, dass es nächste Woche heiß wird.

Even if you're not sure, it's still a real possibility.

What do you mean, ‘real future'?

Is there another kind? Gibt es eine andere Art?

Glad you asked!

Yes, there is.

In English, you can also talk about the imaginary future. Auf Englisch kann man auch über die imaginäre Zukunft sprechen.

Let's see how:

If I could go anywhere, I'd go to Nepal. Wenn ich irgendwohin gehen könnte, würde ich nach Nepal gehen.

Who would you choose if it was up to you? Wen würdest du wählen, wenn es nach dir ginge?

I'd never speak to you again if you told her. Ich würde nie wieder mit dir sprechen, wenn du es ihr sagen würdest.

Look at these examples. Schau 'dir diese Beispiele an.

Do you know what ‘imaginary future' means?

It means you're imagining something in the future, but you don't think it will actually Es bedeutet, dass Sie sich etwas in der Zukunft vorstellen, aber Sie glauben nicht, dass es tatsächlich so sein wird

happen in reality.

If I could go anywhere, I'd go to Nepal. Wenn ich irgendwohin gehen könnte, würde ich nach Nepal gehen.

I can't go anywhere, so I won't go to Nepal. Ich kann nirgendwo hin, also gehe ich nicht nach Nepal.

I'm just imagining it.

Who would you choose if it was up to you? Wen würdest du wählen, wenn es nach dir ginge? Кого б ви обрали, якби це залежало від вас?

It's not up to you, so you can't choose. Es liegt nicht an dir, also kannst du nicht wählen.

I'm just asking you to imagine that it's your decision.

I'd never speak to you again if you told her.

I don't think you will tell her, so I don't think it's realistic that I'll never speak

to you again.

Of course, I could be wrong…

So, when you use will, you're talking about the real future. Ko uporabljate besedo volja, govorite o resnični prihodnosti.

You're certain about something that is a real possibility.

When you use would, you're also certain, but about the imaginary future. Wenn Sie würden verwenden, sind Sie sich auch sicher, aber über die imaginäre Zukunft. Ko uporabljate bi, ste prav tako prepričani, vendar o namišljeni prihodnosti.

You're imagining a future, and you're sure about what would happen in that imaginary Sie stellen sich eine Zukunft vor, und Sie sind sich sicher, was in dieser Vorstellung passieren würde Predstavljate si prihodnost in ste prepričani, kaj bi se v njej zgodilo.

future…

…but, you don't think that imaginary future will ever actually become reality. …aber Sie glauben nicht, dass eine imaginäre Zukunft jemals Wirklichkeit werden wird.

Ok, now we'd like you to think about something. Ok, jetzt möchten wir, dass Sie über etwas nachdenken.

Look at three sentences:

Even if you ask, I won't help you. Selbst wenn du fragst, ich werde dir nicht helfen.

Even if you asked, I wouldn't help you. Selbst wenn du fragen würdest, würde ich dir nicht helfen.

If you asked, I would help you. Wenn du fragen würdest, würde ich dir helfen.

A question: which of these sentences means that I will help you in the future? Eine Frage: Welcher dieser Sätze bedeutet, dass ich dir in Zukunft helfen werde?

Think about it.

Actually, that was a trick question. ||||truque| Eigentlich war das eine Fangfrage.

All three sentences mean that I won't help you in the real future. Alle drei Sätze bedeuten, dass ich dir in der wirklichen Zukunft nicht helfen werde.

Did you get it right?

In our experience, many students get this question wrong.

Either way, let's explain the answer. Wie auch immer, lassen Sie uns die Antwort erklären.

Even if you ask, I won't help you. Selbst wenn du fragst, ich werde dir nicht helfen.

This one is hopefully obvious. Dieser ist hoffentlich offensichtlich.

If you say, I won't, you're talking about the real future.

Even if you ask—in reality—I won't help you—in reality. Selbst wenn Sie fragen – in Wirklichkeit – werde ich Ihnen nicht helfen – in Wirklichkeit.

Even if you asked, I wouldn't help you. Selbst wenn du fragen würdest, würde ich dir nicht helfen.

What's the difference between this and the first sentence?

The only difference is that I don't think you'll ask me to help you. Der einzige Unterschied ist, dass ich nicht glaube, dass Sie mich um Hilfe bitten werden.

You won't ask me to help you, so I won't help you. Du wirst mich nicht bitten, dir zu helfen, also werde ich dir nicht helfen.

But, even if you asked, I still wouldn't help you. Aber selbst wenn du fragen würdest, würde ich dir immer noch nicht helfen.

Nice of me, right? Nett von mir, oder?

If you asked, I would help you. Wenn du fragen würdest, würde ich dir helfen.

This is the sentence that can cause problems. Dies ist der Satz, der Probleme verursachen kann.

Can you explain why this means that I won't help you, in reality, in the future? Können Sie erklären, warum das bedeutet, dass ich Ihnen in Zukunft nicht wirklich helfen werde?

This sentence is about the imaginary future.

Using would means that you don't think this situation will happen. Die Verwendung von would bedeutet, dass Sie nicht glauben, dass diese Situation eintreten wird.

If you asked, I would help you, but I don't think you will ask, so I don't think I will

help you.

This is an important point, and it can cause misunderstandings—we've seen it happen |||||||||mal-entendidos|||| Dies ist ein wichtiger Punkt, der zu Missverständnissen führen kann – wir haben es erlebt

many times! viele Male!

Let's look at this in more detail.

Look at two sentences:

She won't agree. Sie wird nicht zustimmen.

She would agree. Sie würde zustimmen.

What's the difference between them?

Hopefully, now you can answer that question.

The most important point is that in both sentences, you mean that she won't agree in reality. Der wichtigste Punkt ist, dass Sie in beiden Sätzen meinen, dass sie in Wirklichkeit nicht zustimmen wird.

In the first sentence, that's all you're saying; you're saying that she won't agree Im ersten Satz ist das alles, was Sie sagen; Sie sagen, dass sie nicht zustimmen wird V prvem stavku ste povedali samo to; pravite, da se ne bo strinjala.

in the future, and you're sure about that.

In the second sentence, you're talking about an imaginary future situation which exists Im zweiten Satz sprechen Sie von einer imaginären zukünftigen Situation, die existiert

in your head.

You're not talking about what you think will happen in reality, so the basic meaning Sie sprechen nicht darüber, was Ihrer Meinung nach in der Realität passieren wird, also die grundlegende Bedeutung

is similar: she won't agree in reality. ist ähnlich: Sie wird in Wirklichkeit nicht zustimmen.

Urgh—so abstract! frustration or annoyance||

Why are we making you think about this? Warum bringen wir Sie dazu, darüber nachzudenken?

If you don't understand this, you can very easily misunderstand quite important points |||||||||mal-entender||| Wenn Sie das nicht verstehen, können Sie sehr leicht wichtige Punkte missverstehen

when you're speaking to someone in English.

For example, imagine you invite someone to your birthday dinner. Stellen Sie sich zum Beispiel vor, Sie laden jemanden zu Ihrem Geburtstagsessen ein.

The other person says:

Well, I would come… Nun, ich würde kommen …

You think, ‘Great!

This person's coming!' Diese Person kommt!'

You walk away and continue making your birthday plans. Du gehst weg und schmiedest weiter deine Geburtstagspläne.

Except, as you hopefully understood, they're not coming. Außer, wie Sie hoffentlich verstanden haben, kommen sie nicht.

They left part of their sentence unsaid. ||||||não dito Sie ließen einen Teil ihres Satzes ungesagt.

The full sentence might be something like:

I would come if I wasn't so busy. Ich würde kommen, wenn ich nicht so beschäftigt wäre.

I would come if I was free. Ich würde kommen, wenn ich frei wäre.

I would come, but I don't want to spend any money on buying you a present. Ich würde kommen, aber ich möchte kein Geld ausgeben, um dir ein Geschenk zu kaufen.

You don't know. Du weißt es nicht.

The point is: the other person won't come to your birthday dinner in reality. Der Punkt ist: Die andere Person wird in Wirklichkeit nicht zu Ihrem Geburtstagsessen kommen.

And, reality is probably more important to you, right? Und die Realität ist dir wahrscheinlich wichtiger, oder?

Of course, this wouldn't be a problem if everybody was direct and said exactly what Das wäre natürlich kein Problem, wenn jeder direkt wäre und genau sagen würde, was

they meant, but in the real world, people are often indirect, and they don't say exactly

what they mean.

Also, people usually speak with contractions: I'll, I'd, she'll, she'd, etc.

It can be hard to hear the difference, but the meaning can be totally opposite. Es kann schwierig sein, den Unterschied zu hören, aber die Bedeutung kann völlig entgegengesetzt sein.

If you're listening, and you're not sure if someone said I'll or I'd, here's Wenn Sie zuhören und sich nicht sicher sind, ob jemand „Ich werde“ oder „Ich würde“ gesagt hat, hier ist

our advice: ask!

It's important, because you could completely misunderstand the situation. Es ist wichtig, weil Sie die Situation völlig falsch verstehen könnten.

We've talked a lot about will and would here, but what about might? Wir haben hier viel über Willen und Würde gesprochen, aber was ist mit Könnte?

Can you use might to talk about the imaginary future?

You can use might to talk about the real future or the imaginary future.

Look at three sentences:

It might snow next week. Nächste Woche könnte es schneien.

He might have a different suggestion. Vielleicht hat er einen anderen Vorschlag.

Taking the bus might not be the best way to get there. Der Bus ist vielleicht nicht die beste Art, dorthin zu gelangen.

Are these sentences about the real future, or not?

Is it possible that it will snow next week, or not? Kann es nächste Woche schneien oder nicht?

These sentences are about the real future. In diesen Sätzen geht es um die wirkliche Zukunft.

They all describe real future possibilities that you aren't 100% sure about. Sie alle beschreiben reale Zukunftsmöglichkeiten, bei denen Sie sich nicht 100% sicher sind.

In a simple sentence like this, might is always about real future possibilities.

However, you can also use might to talk about the imaginary future, too.

Do you know how?

Here are some examples:

If I had more energy, I might join you. Wenn ich mehr Energie hätte, würde ich mich dir vielleicht anschließen.

He might not pay you back if you lent him the money. Er zahlt es dir vielleicht nicht zurück, wenn du ihm das Geld geliehen hast.

Can you see the difference?

You can use might to talk about the imaginary future only in a sentence with if. Sie können may verwenden, um über die imaginäre Zukunft nur in einem Satz mit if zu sprechen.

You also need to use a past tense verb after if. Sie müssen auch ein Verb in der Vergangenheitsform nach if verwenden.

Think about something: what do these sentences mean?

The first sentence means that I don't have more energy, so I won't join you, but I'm Der erste Satz bedeutet, dass ich keine Energie mehr habe, also werde ich nicht mitmachen, aber ich bin da

imagining a future in which I have more energy, and even in that imaginary future, I'm not

100% sure I would join you. 100% sicher, dass ich mich dir anschließen würde.

Clearly, whatever you're inviting me to isn't very exciting. Ganz klar, wozu auch immer Sie mich einladen, es ist nicht sehr aufregend.

He might not pay you back if you lent him the money. Er zahlt es dir vielleicht nicht zurück, wenn du ihm das Geld geliehen hast.

I don't think you'll actually lend him the money in reality, but I'm imagining Ich glaube nicht, dass Sie ihm das Geld tatsächlich leihen werden, aber ich bilde es mir ein

a future where you do lend him the money, and in that imaginary future, I'm not 100%

sure whether he would pay you back or not. |se||||||| sicher, ob er es dir zurückzahlen würde oder nicht.

Finally, this is one case where might and may are different. Schließlich ist dies ein Fall, in dem Macht und Mai unterschiedlich sind.

You can't use may in these sentences to talk about the imaginary future. Du kannst may in diesen Sätzen nicht verwenden, um über die imaginäre Zukunft zu sprechen.

Only might is possible. Nur Macht ist möglich.

Up to now, you've seen how to use will, might and would to talk about the future. Bis jetzt haben Sie gesehen, wie man Wille, Macht und Würde benutzt, um über die Zukunft zu sprechen.

But, what about the past?

First of all, you can't generally use will to talk about the past. Zunächst einmal kann man im Allgemeinen nicht willens verwenden, um über die Vergangenheit zu sprechen.

There are one or two cases where you can, but it's rare.

Generally, will is about the future, or sometimes the present. Im Allgemeinen geht es beim Willen um die Zukunft oder manchmal um die Gegenwart.

You can use would or might to talk about imaginary past situations.

What does ‘imaginary past' mean?

Like the imaginary future, it means you imagine a past which didn't happen.

For example, let's say that you studied history at university. Angenommen, Sie haben an der Universität Geschichte studiert.

You want to imagine a past where you studied medicine instead.

You might say something like:

If I'd studied medicine, I would have become a doctor. Wenn ich Medizin studiert hätte, wäre ich Arzt geworden.

I might have been more interested in my studies if I'd studied medicine. Ich hätte mich vielleicht mehr für mein Studium interessiert, wenn ich Medizin studiert hätte.

In these cases, you're imagining a different past.

You didn't study medicine; you studied history.

But, what if you had studied medicine? Aber was wäre, wenn Sie Medizin studiert hätten?

Imagine it; that's the situation these sentences are describing.

A question: what do you need to add after would or might to make the meaning past? Eine Frage: Was müssen Sie nach would oder should hinzufügen, um die Bedeutung hinter sich zu lassen?

You need to add have and a past participle verb.

Also, when talking about the imaginary past, you almost always use an if-sentence.

Let's see some more examples:

I would have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday! Ich hätte dir ein Geschenk gekauft, wenn ich gewusst hätte, dass du Geburtstag hast!

If I had missed the train, we might never have met! Wenn ich den Zug verpasst hätte, hätten wir uns vielleicht nie getroffen!

Next question: can you explain what these sentences mean?

Let's look together.

The first sentence is imagining a different past.

In reality, I didn't know it was your birthday, and I didn't buy you a present.

But, I'm imagining a different past, where I knew it was your birthday. Aber ich stelle mir eine andere Vergangenheit vor, wo ich wusste, dass du Geburtstag hast.

In that imaginary past, I'm 100% sure I would have bought you a present. Ich bin mir zu 100 % sicher, dass ich dir in dieser imaginären Vergangenheit ein Geschenk gekauft hätte.

The second sentence is also imagining a different past.

In reality, I didn't miss the train, so we did meet. In Wirklichkeit habe ich den Zug nicht verpasst, also haben wir uns getroffen.

However, in my imaginary past, I missed the train.

In this imaginary situation, I'm not 100% sure whether we would have met or not.

Maybe we would have met somewhere else, or on another day, but maybe not. Vielleicht hätten wir uns woanders oder an einem anderen Tag getroffen, aber vielleicht auch nicht.

You can see that these sentences contain a lot of information!

However, you only really need to think about two (or maybe three) things:

One: are you 100% sure or not 100% sure?

If you're 100% sure, use will or would. Wenn Sie sich 100 % sicher sind, verwenden Sie will oder would.

If not, use might.

Two: are you talking about real life, or an imaginary situation?

If you're talking about real life, use will or might.

If you're talking about an imaginary situation, use would or might.

The final thing: you need to think about whether you're talking about the future or the past.

However, this doesn't change which verb you should use; it just changes how you should

use them.

You can practice this topic more with a quiz on our website: Oxford Online English dot

com.

Check the link in the video description!

See you next time!

Thanks for watching!