Why is Greenland a part of Denmark?
Denmark a small country of northern
Europe located here is one of the few
kingdoms that remained in Europe
officially called the Kingdom of Denmark
mainland Denmark is the southernmost of
the Scandinavian Nordic countries it
consists of a peninsula named Jutland
and an archipelago of lots of islands
with different dimensions the islands
are characterized by flat arable land
and sandy coasts low elevation and a
temperate climate geographically
speaking the country is located south of
the Scandinavian Peninsula and north of
Germany the whole Kingdom of Denmark
also includes two other autonomous
territories pretty far from its mainland
in the North Atlantic Ocean the Faroe
Islands and Greenland but before we move
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even if Denmark has an area around
40,000 square kilometres with its far
territories the total area including
Greenland and the Faroe Islands is more
than 2 million square kilometres but how
is this huge island which is located in
North America a part of the Kingdom of
Denmark as other far possessions of
other European countries we may first
think it is a former colony and it
didn't receive its full independence a
direct answer to this is yes and no the
situation is a little bit more
complicated than that but first of all
to understand the first links between
the Nordic territories of Europe with
Greenland we have to get through some
history to understand better before
Danes Norwegians or Swedes on this
Nordic land some tough people lived here
these people were masters of trading
expansion and conquering new lands we
may know them as Vikings the Vikings
were Scandinavian people from the 8th to
11th centuries who raided expanded and
traded throughout northern Europe and
beyond the period from the earliest
recorded raids in the seven 90s until
the Norman conquest of England in 1066
this is commonly known as the Viking Age
of Scandinavian history it's important
to speak about the Vikings because they
are the first people from the
Scandinavian region to reach these lands
Viking navigators open the road to new
lands to the north west and east
resulting in the foundation of
independent settlements in the Faroe
Islands Iceland Greenland and even a
short-lived settlement in Newfoundland
around 1,000 the Greenland settlement
was established around 980 during the
Medieval Warm Period Iceland was
colonized by Norwegian Vikings starting
in the ninth century the first source
that Iceland and Greenland appear in is
a papal letter in 1053 it was not until
after 1130 when the islands had become
Christian eyes that accounts of the
history of the islands were written from
the point of view of the inhabitants in
sagas and chronicles the Vikings were
great explorers and they even expanded
in the northern islands and coasts of
the North Atlantic ventured south to
North Africa and East to Russia in
Constantinople they raided and pillaged
traded acted
mercenaries and settled wide-ranging
colonies in 1500 King Manuel the first
of Portugal sent Gasper court Ariel to
Greenland and sort of a Northwest
Passage to Asia in 1605 to 1607 King
Christian the fourth of Denmark sent a
series of expeditions to Greenland and
Arctic waterways to locate the lost
Eastern Norse settlement and assert
Danish sovereignty over Greenland the
expeditions were mostly unsuccessful
partly due to the leaders who lacked
experience with the difficult Arctic ice
and weather conditions and partly
because the expedition leaders were
given the instructions to search for the
Eastern settlement on the east coast of
Greenland
just north of Cape Farewell which is
almost inaccessible due to southward
drifting ice after the Norse settlements
died off Greenland came under the de
facto control of various Inuit groups
but the Danish government never forgot
or relinquished the claims to Greenland
that had inherited from the Norse when
it reestablished contact with Greenland
in the early 17th century
Denmark asserted its sovereignty over
the island in 1721 a joint mercantile
and clerical expedition led by the
Danish Norwegian missionary honza Getty
was sent to Greenland not knowing
whether a Norse civilization remained
here this expedition is part of the day
no Norwegian colonization of the
Americas after 15 years in Greenland
Hans again left his son Pollock aide in
charge of the mission there and returned
to Denmark where he established a
Greenland Seminary this new colony was
centred at Good Hope on the southwest
coast gradually Greenland was opened up
to Danish merchants and closed to those
from other countries when the union
between the crowns of denmark and norway
was dissolved in 1814 the Treaty of Kiel
severed Norway's former colonies and
left them under the control of the
Danish monarch Norway and Denmark agreed
to submit the matter in 1933 to the
permanent Court of international justice
which decided against Norway Greenland's
connection to Denmark was severed on the
9th of April 1940 after Denmark was
occupied on the 8th of April 1941
United States occupied Greenland to
defend it against a possible invasion
from Germany the United States
occupation of Greenland continued until
1945
Greenland had been a very protected and
very isolated Society until 1940 the
Danish government had maintained a
strict monopoly of Greenlandic trade
Greenland was to be a modern welfare
state with Denmark as a sponsor and
example in 1953 Greenland was made an
equal part of the Danish kingdom home
rule was granted in 1979 the United
States developed interest in Greenland
and in 1946 the United States offered to
buy the island from Denmark for a
hundred million dollars Denmark refused
to sell it with a 1953 Danish
Constitution
Greenland's colonial status ended as the
island was incorporated into the Danish
realm Danish citizenship was extended to
the Greenlanders Danish politics toward
Greenland consisted of a strategy of
cultural assimilation during this period
the Danish government promoted the
exclusive use of the Danish language and
required Greenlanders to go to Denmark
for their post-secondary education as a
consequence of political complications
in relations to Denmark's entry into the
European Common Market in 1972 Denmark
began to seek a different status for
Greenland resulting in the home rule act
of 1979 Greenland has more than 60
settlements this gave Greenland limited
autonomy with its own legislature taking
control of some internal policies while
the Parliament of Denmark maintained
full control of external policies
security and natural resources the law
came into effect on the first of May
1979 in 1985 Greenland left the European
Economic Community upon achieving
self-rule as it did not agree with the
Eee seas commercial fishing regulations
and an e ec ban on sealskin products the
voters approved a referendum for a
greater autonomy on the 25th of November
2008 the vote of 2008 pushed Greenland
closer to independence on the 21st of
June 2009 Greenland gained self-rule
also green lenders
recognized as a separate people under
international law even if they were
governing themselves Denmark maintains
control of Foreign Affairs and other
diplomatic matters greenland is not
exactly a part of denmark as a city or
as a province it has a special status
do you understand better the situation
we think this way
Greenland belongs to the Kingdom of
Denmark in the same way that Scotland
belongs to the United Kingdom Greenland
is an autonomous constituent country
within the Danish kingdom even if
Greenland is geographically situated in
North America continent but
geopolitically it is an island of Europe
the country has its own Parliament since
1979 Greenland has had greater autonomy
however its foreign policy and security
are still controlled by Denmark the
native population of Greenland migrated
to Greenland from Canada around 1000 BC
there is long history of Greenland how
it was ruled by inhabitants from
different countries for thousands of
years in recent times Greenland was
originally ruled by Norway after the
union of Denmark and Norway was
dissolved in 1814 there was a brief
controversy between Denmark and Norway
over Greenland in 1933 both countries
agreed to bring the matter to the
permanent court of international justice
which ruled in favor of Denmark
thus Greenland became a colony of
Denmark in 1953 the colonial status was
abolished and greenland became a Danish
country ruled by the Danish capital
Copenhagen today the country is mostly
ruled by itself but a part of the
kingdom if you want to see more videos
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