4.9 – The Hanseatic League |Hanseatisch| |Hanseatic League|The Hanseatic League 4.9 – Die Hanse 4.9 – The Hanseatic League 4.9 – La Liga Hanseática 4.9 – La Ligue hanséatique 4.9 – Het Hanzeverbond 4.9 – Liga Hanzeatycka 4.9 – A Liga Hanseática 4.9 – Ганзейский союз 4.9 – Ганза

God dag, ettermiddag eller kveld! good|day|afternoon|or|evening Good day, afternoon or evening! Добрый день, день или вечер!

Hansaforbundet Hansaforbundet var et samarbeid mellom handelsbyer i Nord-Tyskland og Nederland. Hansebund||||||Handelsstädte||||| the Hanseatic League|Hanseatic League|was|a|cooperation|between|trading cities|in|North|Germany|and| The Hanseatic League The Hanseatic League was a collaboration between trading cities in northern Germany and the Netherlands. Ганзейский союз Ганзейский союз был союзом торговых городов северной Германии и Нидерландов. Hansaforbundet utvikla seg på slutten av 1100-tallet. |entwickelte sich|||||Jahrhundert Hanseatic League|developed|itself|at|the end|of|century The Hanseatic League developed at the end of the 12th century. Ганзейский союз сложился в конце 12 века. Noen viktige byer var Köln, Lübeck og Hamburg. ||||Köln|Lübeck|| some|important||were|Cologne|Lübeck|and|Hamburg Некоторыми важными городами были Кельн, Любек и Гамбург. I 1300 blei Lübeck den ledende byen i Hansaforbundet. ||Lübeck||führende|||Hansebund in|became|Lübeck|it|leading|city|in|the Hanseatic League In 1300, Lübeck became the leading city in the Hanseatic League. В 1300 году Любек стал ведущим городом Ганзейского союза. Lübeck blei den viktigste byen i Hansaforbundet rundt år 1300. |wurde||||||| Lübeck|was|it|most important|city|in|the Hanseatic League|around|year Lübeck became the most important city in the Hanseatic League around the year 1300. Любек стал самым важным городом Ганзейского союза около 1300 года.

Utviklinga av Hansaforbundet var gradvis. The development|of|the Hanseatic League|was|gradual The development of the Hanseatic League was gradual. Развитие Ганзейского союза было постепенным. Det utvikla seg først på 1100-tallet med samarbeidende nord-tyske kjøpmenn. |||||||zusammenarbeitende|||Händler it|developed|it|first|in|century|with|cooperating|north|German|merchants It first developed in the 12th century with cooperating North German merchants. Впервые он возник в 12 веке при сотрудничестве северогерманских купцов. 它最初是在 12 世纪与北德商人的合作中发展起来的。 Dette utvikla seg til et forbund av byer, særlig i Nord-Tyskland. |||||Bund|||||| this|developed|it|into|a|federation|of|cities|especially|in|North|Germany This developed into a union of cities, especially in northern Germany. I 1367 var forbundet fult utvikla. |||vollständig| I|was|the union|fully|developed In 1367 the association was fully developed. Da var det 70 byer på møte i Köln. |||||Treffen|| then|was|there|cities|at|meeting|in|Cologne Then there were 70 cities meeting in Cologne.

Hansaforbundet var sterkest fra 1300 til midten av 1400-tallet. ||stärkste|||Mitte||Jahrhundert the Hanseatic League|was|strongest||to|middle|of|century The Hanseatic League was strongest from the 14th to the middle of the 15th century. Lübeck var den ledende byen i hele denne perioden da forbundet var på sitt mektigste. ||||||||Zeitraum||||||mächtigsten Punkt Lübeck|was|it|leading|city|in|throughout|this|period|when|the federation|was|at|its|most powerful Lübeck was the leading city throughout this period when the union was at its most powerful. 吕贝克是这一时期协会最强大的时期的主要城市。 Hansaforbundet hadde i denne perioden utenlandske kontorer i Novgorod, London, Brugge og, viktigst for oss, i Bergen. ||||||ausländische Büros||Nowgorod||Brügge|||||| the Hanseatic League|had|in|this|period|foreign|foreign offices|in|Novgorod|London|Bruges|and|most important|for|us|in|Bergen During this period, the Hanseatic League had foreign offices in Novgorod, London, Bruges and, most importantly for us, in Bergen. 在此期间，汉萨同盟在诺夫哥罗德、伦敦、布鲁日以及对我们来说最重要的卑尔根设有驻外办事处。 Hansaforbundet begynte å handle med Bergen i 1278. the Hanseatic League|began|to|trade|with|Bergen| The Hanseatic League began trading with Bergen in 1278. 汉萨同盟于 1278 年开始与卑尔根进行贸易。 De åpna ett eget kontor i Bergen i 1350-årene. |öffneten||eigenes||||| They|opened|a|own|office|in|Bergen|in|the 1350s They opened their own office in Bergen in the 1350s. Tørrfisk var den viktigste handelsvaren som de tyske kjøpmennene kjøpte i Norge. Stockfisch||||Handelsware||||die Kaufleute||| Stockfish|was|it|most important|trade commodity|that|the|German|the German merchants|bought|in|Norway Stockfish was the most important commodity that the German merchants bought in Norway. De kjøpte tørrfisk i Bergen og solgte det videre til land som Frankrike og Spania. ||||||verkauften es weiter|||||||| They|bought|dried fish|in|Bergen|and|sold|it|onward|to|countries|like||and| They bought stockfish in Bergen and sold it on to countries such as France and Spain. Tørrfisk er fisk som man tørker i et kaldt klima. |||||trocknet|||| dried fish|is||that|one|dries|in|a||climate Stockfish are fish that are dried in a cold climate. I Norge er spesielt Lofoten i Nord-Norge kjent for tørrfiskproduksjon. ||||Lofoten-Inseln||||||Trockenfischproduktion |Norway|is|especially|Lofoten|in|North|Norway|known|for|dried fish production In Norway, Lofoten in northern Norway in particular is known for stockfish production. I middelalderen kom fisken fra Nord-Norge til Bergen. |Im Mittelalter||||||| in|the Middle Ages|came|the fish||North|Norway|to|Bergen In the Middle Ages, fish came from northern Norway to Bergen. Hanseatiske kjøpmenn kjøpte deretter tørrfisken. Hanseatische||||den Stockfisch Hanseatic|merchants|bought|thereafter|the dried fish Hanseatic merchants then bought the stockfish.

Hvorfor norsk tørrfisk? why|Norwegian|dried fish Why Norwegian stockfish? Vel, tørrfisk holder seg veldig lenge uten å bli dårlig. Nun||||||||| well|dried fish|stays|it|very|long|without|to|get|bad Well, stockfish lasts a very long time without getting bad. Den råtna ikke like kjapt som annen mat. |verrottet|||schnell||| it|doesn't rot|not|like|quickly|as|other| It did not rot as quickly as other foods. 它不像其他食物那样腐烂得那么快。 I en verden uten kjøleskap og frysere så var det viktig med mat som holdt seg bedre. ||||||Gefrierschränke|||||||||| in|a|world|without|refrigerator|and|freezers|da|was|it|important|with|food|that|held|kept well|better In a world without refrigerators and freezers, it was important to have food that held up better.

Hanseatene tok også med seg varer og solgte det i Bergen. die Hanseaten|||||Waren||||| The Hanseatics|took|also||themselves|goods|and|sold|it||Bergen The Hanseatic League also took goods with them and sold them in Bergen. 汉萨同盟也带走了他们的货物并在卑尔根出售。 For eksempel solgte de korn fra Østersjølandene til Norge. ||||Getreide||Ostseeländer|| for||sold|they|grain||Baltic Sea countries|to|Norway For example, they sold grain from the Baltic countries to Norway. 例如，他们将波罗的海国家的谷物出售给挪威。 Norge var avhengig av å importere korn for å mate hele befolkningen. ||abhängig|||importieren||||ernähren|| Norway|was|dependent on|of|to|import|grain|to|to|feed|the whole|the population Norway was dependent on importing grain to feed the entire population.

Hanseatene dominerte handelen i Norge helt fram til midten av 1400-tallet. |dominierten||||||||| the Hanseatics|dominated|the trade|in|Norway|until|up|to|the middle|of|century The Hanseatic League dominated trade in Norway until the middle of the 15th century. 直到 15 世纪中叶，汉萨同盟一直主导着挪威的贸易。 Etter midten av 1400-tallet blei de mindre viktige, men de hadde et norsk kontor i Bergen helt fram til 1754. after|the middle|of|century|became|they|less|important|but|they|had|a||office||Bergen|all the way|forward|until After the middle of the 15th century, they became less important, but they had a Norwegian office in Bergen until 1754. 15 世纪中叶之后，他们的重要性逐渐减弱，但直到 1754 年，他们在卑尔根设有挪威办事处。 Hansaforbundet var veldig viktig for Norges handel i middelalderen. the Hanseatic League|was|very|||Norway's|trade|in the|the Middle Ages I Bergen kan man se det gamle hanseatiske hovedkontoret ved Bryggen. ||||||||Hauptsitz|| in|||one|see|it|old|Hanseatic|head office|by|Bryggen In Bergen you can see the old Hanseatic head office at Bryggen. For mer informasjon om dette kan dere se sesong 3, episode 7. for|more|information|about|this||you|watch|season|episode For more information on this, you can see season 3, episode 7. Se deskripsjonen. |Siehe Beschreibung. see|the description See the description. 请参阅说明。

Hansaforbundet var ikke bare viktig for Bergen; faktisk har hanseatene hatt stor påvirkning på utviklinga av moderne norsk. |||||||tatsächlich||die Hanseaten|hatten||Einfluss||die Entwicklung||| Hanseatic League|was|not|only|important|for|Bergen|actually|has|the Hanseatics|had|great|influence|on|the development|of|modern|Norwegian The Hanseatic League was not only important for Bergen; in fact, the Hanseatic League has had a great influence on the development of modern Norwegian. 汉萨同盟不仅对卑尔根很重要，而且对卑尔根也很重要。事实上，汉萨同盟对现代挪威语的发展产生了很大的影响。 Tyske og nederlandske handelsmenn tok med seg språket sitt til Norge. ||niederländische|Händler||||||| |and|Dutch|merchants|took|with|with them|language|their|to|Norway German and Dutch merchants brought their language to Norway. Denne kontakten gjorde at norsk tok til seg mange nye ord. |der Kontakt||||||||| this|the contact|made|||took|to|it|many|new|words This contact meant that Norwegian took on many new words. I dagens norsk er det mange låneord fra nedertysk som kommer fra hanseater-tida. ||||||Lehnwörter||Niederdeutsch||||Hanseatenzeit| in|today's|Norwegian|is|there|many|loanwords||Low German|that|come||Hanseatic merchants|time In today's Norwegian, there are many loanwords from Low German that come from the Hanseatic period. 在今天的挪威语中，有许多来自汉萨时期低地德语的借词。 Så mye som 30% av ord vi bruker daglig kommer fra nedertysk. ||as|of|ordet|we|use|daily|comes||Low German As much as 30% of the words we use daily come from Low German. Dagligdagse ord er ord som er vanlige å bruke i ikke-spesialiserte sammenhenger, altså i hverdagen. Everyday|words|are|words|that|are|common||use|in|non|specialized|contexts|that is|in|everyday life Everyday words are words that are commonly used in non-specialized contexts, ie in everyday life. 日常用语是在非专业环境中（即日常生活中）常用的单词。 Noen eksempler er «snakke», «begynne» og «beskjed». some|examples|are|speak|begin|and|message Some examples are "talk", "start" and "message". 一些示例是“谈话”、“开始”和“消息”。 For mer informasjon om tyske låneord på norsk se episode 31 av podkasten Lær Norsk Nå! for|more|information|about|German|loan words||Norwegian|see|episode|of|the podcast|Learn|Norwegian|now Se deskripsjonen. see|the description

Men det er uten tvil: Hansaforbundet har hatt stor påvirkning på norsk historie og det norske språket. but|it|is|without|without a doubt|the Hanseatic League|has|had|great|influence|on|Norwegian|history|and|the|Norwegian|language But there is no doubt: the Hanseatic League has had a major impact on Norwegian history and the Norwegian language.

Vocabulary:

Hansafrobundet – The Hanseatic League Hanseatic League||Hanseatic|

Samarbeid – Cooperation Cooperation|Collaboration

Utvikla seg – Developed developed|itself|

Den ledende byen – The leading city the|leading|city||The leading|The leading city

Utvikling – Development Development|

Gradvis – Gradual gradual|Gradual

Kjøpmenn – Traders Merchants|Merchants

Mektigste – Most powerful most powerful|most|

Kontor – Office Office|

Tørrfisk – Stockfish Stockfish|Dried fish

Handelsvare – Commodity Trade good|Trade good

Å tørke – To dry to|dry||

Holder seg veldig lenge – Very good durability lasts|itself|very|a long time|very||Long-lasting quality Lasts for a very long time - Very good durability

Å råtne – To rot to|To rot||rot

Kjøleskap – Refrigerator Refrigerator|

Fryser – Freezer Freezer|

Avhengig av – Dependent upon dependent|of|Dependent upon|Dependent on

Påvirkning – Impact Influence|

Daglidagse – Everyday Everyday life|Daily life

Hverdag – A weekday (also used to refer to an ordinary day in general). Ordinary day||Weekday||used||refer to||An ordinary day|everyday|Weekday||in general

Beskjed – Message Message|Message