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Kurzgesagt (In a Nutshell), What Happens If We Bring the Sun to Earth?

What Happens If We Bring the Sun to Earth?

What would happen if you were to bring a tiny piece of the Sun to Earth? Short answer: you die. Long answer: it depends which piece of the Sun.

Like most of the matter in the universe, our Sun is neither solid, liquid or gas, but plasma. Plasma is when stuff is so hot that the nuclei and electrons can separate and flow around freely, which creates a goo like substance.

So, you can imagine our Sun as an extremely big, spherical ocean of very hot goo.

The deeper you go, the denser and weirder the goo becomes.

So let's bring 3 samples (each the size of a house), to our lab here on Earth and see what happens. First sample: the chromosphere. The chromosphere is the atmosphere of the Sun, a layer of sparse gas up to 5,000 kilometers deep, that's covered in a forest of plasma spikes that can be almost as big as Earth.

It's pretty hot here between 6,000 and 20,000 degrees Celsius, but if we brought a solvent of it to Earth,

we're not really getting our money's worth.

Where we take our sample, the chromosphere is over a million times less dense than air.

So, compared to our atmosphere at sea level, it's basically the same as bringing the vacuum of space down to Earth.

The moment our sample arrives, it would immediately be crushed by Earth's atmospheric pressure and implode.

Air would rush to fill the vacuum and use as much energy as 12 kilograms of TNT in the process.

This creates a high pressure shockwave, which shatters glass, ruptures ear drums,

and maybe some internal organs. If you're standing too close it could kill you, so you'd better keep your distance

Let's go deeper.

Second sample, the photosphere

Beneath the chromosphere, is the glowing surface of the Sun: the photosphere, which produces the light we see.

It's covered in a grid of a million hot spots called granules. Each of them about as big as the United States,

and over 5,000 degrees Celsius.

These granules are the tops of convective columns, churning gas that brings the heat up from the center of the Sun to its surface.

In these columns, a few hundred kilometres down, we take our second plasma sample. It has about the same pressure as our atmosphere on earth

Though still much less dense for there. Its heat supports it, so it won't implode.

Our sphere now carries twice as much energy, as much as 25 kilograms of TNT, that this time as heat.

For a dazzling instant, this plasma would glow with a million times the brightness of the Sun seen from Earth,

instantly lighting fires throughout our lab, but a few milliseconds later. Those fires are all that's left.

The plasma has cooled to harmless gas, floating up from the flaming ruins.

What if we go deeper?

Third sample. The radiative zone.

Here, the plasma is about two million degrees Celsius, and so dense and tightly packed, that it creates a sort of maze for itself.

Energy in the form of photons tries to escape,

but has to wander for hundreds of thousands of years, bouncing endlessly from particle to particle, until it eventually finds an exit.

Bringing matter from here to our lab, is what experts call, a very bad idea.

As soon as it arrives in our lab, the extreme pressure that holds the plasma tightly together is gone,

and the material explodes with the power of a thermonuclear weapon. Our lab as well as the city around it will be destroyed in an instant.

On the bright side, there won't be any radioactive fallout.

With our lab destroyed, we can abandon the illusion that we're trying to do any science today. What if we go much, much deeper?

Last sample. The core

Here in the central 1% of the star, we find a third of the sun's mass.

The matter here is compressed by the weight of the entire star above it. In the center of the core,

the temperature is 15 million degrees,

hot enough to make helium by smashing together hydrogen, powering the Sun by nuclear fusion.

In billions of years after the death of the Sun, this core will remain as a white dwarf.

If we brought a sample of it to Earth, it would cause a lot of inconvenience

The biggest nuclear weapon ever detonated, had an energy of 40 megatons of TNT, or a cube the size of the Empire State Building.

Our sample has the equivalent of 4,000 megatons.

This is four billion tons of TNT, or a cube 1.3 kilometers high.

To give you a sense of scale this is the cube inside Manhattan.

Once the sphere arrives on Earth, this super dense matter expands instantly and creates an explosion with the force of well,

the Sun.

If we get the sample in Paris, in the morning the citizens of London would see what looks like a second sunrise.

But, one that gets brighter and brighter, and hotter and hotter, until London burns to ashes.

In a radius of about 300 kilometres around the blast, everything would be burnt.

The shockwave would travel around the Earth multiple times.

Most buildings in Central Europe would be flattened, eardrums would rupture, and windows break across the continent.

The explosion would be apocalyptic.

possibly humans civilization ending.

If humans did survive, we could count on the dust blown into the atmosphere to create a small ice age.

So, if there is one tiny bright side, it would be that the explosion might be an effective way to control

human-caused climate change for a few decades.

While this is definitely a good thing, all in all we conclude, that we should not try to bring the Sun to earth

We've made a lot of questionable assumptions in this video, but our maths is real. If you're like us

and you enjoy using the power of math to calculate

absurd ways to destroy stuff you may be interested in all the other things you can do with maths. For example,

You could calculate how to mine mercury for silicon to build a Dyson Sphere,

determine how long it will take the Sun to burn out or simply do your taxes.

But as much as we love explaining these things, the best way to learn anything is by doing it yourself.

Brilliant is a problem-solving website that teaches you to think like a scientist by guiding you through problems they take concepts like these

break them up into bite-sized nuggets present clear thinking in each part, and then build back up to an interesting conclusion.

If you visit brilliant.org/nutshell, or click the link in the description, you can sign up for free and learn all kinds

of things.

and as a bonus for Kurzgesagt viewers, the first 200 people will also get 20% off their annual membership.

Learn languages from TV shows, movies, news, articles and more! Try LingQ for FREE

What Happens If We Bring the Sun to Earth? Was passiert, wenn wir die Sonne auf die Erde bringen? What Happens If We Bring the Sun to Earth? ¿Qué pasa si traemos el Sol a la Tierra? Que se passe-t-il si nous ramenons le soleil sur terre ? 太陽を地球に持ち込むとどうなるか? Kas nutiks, jei Saulę atgabensime į Žemę? Wat gebeurt er als we de zon naar de aarde brengen? Co się stanie, jeśli sprowadzimy Słońce na Ziemię? O que acontece se trouxermos o Sol para a Terra? Что произойдет, если мы перенесем Солнце на Землю? Güneşi Dünyaya Getirirsek Ne Olur? Що станеться, якщо ми повернемо Сонце на Землю? 如果我们把太阳带到地球上会怎样? 如果我們把太陽帶到地球會發生什麼事?

What would happen if you were to bring a tiny piece of the Sun to Earth? |||wenn|||||||||||| Short answer: you die. Long answer: it depends which piece of the Sun.

Like most of the matter in the universe, our Sun is neither solid, liquid or gas, but plasma. Como la mayor parte de la materia del universo, nuestro Sol no es ni sólido, ni líquido, ni gaseoso, sino plasma. Plasma is when stuff is so hot that the nuclei and electrons can separate and flow around freely, which creates a goo like substance. |||||||||||||||fließen||frei||||Schlamm|| Plazma, bir şey o kadar sıcak olduğunda çekirdeklerin ve elektronların ayrılıp serbestçe dolaşabildiği ve yapışkan bir madde oluşturduğu durumdur.

So, you can imagine our Sun as an extremely big, spherical ocean of very hot goo.

The deeper you go, the denser and weirder the goo becomes. ||||||||||wird あなたが深く進むほど、ゲルはより密で奇妙になります。

So let's bring 3 samples (each the size of a house), to our lab here on Earth and see what happens. Así que traigamos 3 muestras (cada una del tamaño de una casa), a nuestro laboratorio aquí en la Tierra y veamos qué pasa. だから、3つのサンプル(それぞれ家のサイズ)を地球の私たちの研究所に持ち帰り、何が起こるか見てみましょう。 First sample: the chromosphere. |||Chromosphäre |||色球層 Primera muestra: la cromosfera. 最初のサンプル:クロモスフィア。 The chromosphere is the atmosphere of the Sun, a layer of sparse gas up to 5,000 kilometers deep, |||||||||||dünn besiedelt||||| |||||||||||希薄な||||| La cromosfera es la atmósfera del Sol, una capa de gas poco densa de hasta 5.000 kilómetros de profundidad, that's covered in a forest of plasma spikes that can be almost as big as Earth. ||||Wald|||Plasma-Spitzen|||||||| |覆われた|||||||||||||| que está cubierto por un bosque de pinchos de plasma que pueden ser casi tan grandes como la Tierra.

It's pretty hot here between 6,000 and 20,000 degrees Celsius, but if we brought a solvent of it to Earth, |ziemlich|||||||||wir|||Lösungsmittel|||| Es ist hier ziemlich heiß zwischen 6.000 und 20.000 Grad Celsius, aber wenn wir ein Lösungsmittel davon zur Erde bringen, Aquí hace bastante calor, entre 6.000 y 20.000 grados Celsius, pero si trajéramos un disolvente a la Tierra, ここは6,000から20,000度セルシウスの間でかなり暑いですが、それを溶媒として地球に持って行っても、 Здесь довольно жарко - от 6000 до 20 000 градусов Цельсия, но если бы мы привезли растворитель этого вещества на Землю,

we're not really getting our money's worth. wir sind|||||Geld| |||||お金の価値| bekommen wir wirklich nicht unser Gelds wert. realmente no estamos obteniendo el valor de nuestro dinero. 私たちは本当にお金の価値を得ていません。 мы не получаем реальной отдачи от своих денег.

Where we take our sample, the chromosphere is over a million times less dense than air. An dem Ort, an dem wir unsere Probe nehmen, ist die Chromosphäre über eine Million Mal weniger dicht als Luft. 私たちがサンプルを取る場所では、彩層は空気の1百万倍以上も密度が低いです。

So, compared to our atmosphere at sea level, it's basically the same as bringing the vacuum of space down to Earth. Así que, comparado con nuestra atmósfera a nivel del mar, es básicamente lo mismo que traer el vacío del espacio a la Tierra. つまり、海面レベルの私たちの大気と比較すると、基本的には宇宙の真空を地球に持ち込むのと同じです。

The moment our sample arrives, it would immediately be crushed by Earth's atmospheric pressure and implode. |||||||||zerdrückt|||atmosphärisch|||implodieren |||||||||||||||内破する En el momento en que llegue nuestra muestra, sería inmediatamente aplastada por la presión atmosférica de la Tierra e implosionaría. サンプルが到着すると、その瞬間に地球の大気圧によって即座に押しつぶされ、内側から崩壊します。

Air would rush to fill the vacuum and use as much energy as 12 kilograms of TNT in the process. |||||||||||||Kilogramm||||| El aire se apresuraría a llenar el vacío y consumiría tanta energía como 12 kilogramos de TNT en el proceso. 空気は真空を埋めるために急速に流れ込み、その過程で12キログラムのTNTと同じくらいのエネルギーを使います。

This creates a high pressure shockwave, which shatters glass, ruptures ear drums, |||||||zerspringt||Risse|Trommelfell|Trommeln |||||||||破裂|耳|鼓膜 Esto crea una onda de choque de alta presión, que destroza cristales y rompe tímpanos, これにより高圧の衝撃波が発生し、ガラスを粉々にし、耳の鼓膜を破裂させ、 Это создает ударную волну высокого давления, которая разбивает стекло, разрывает барабанные перепонки,

and maybe some internal organs. If you're standing too close it could kill you, so you'd better keep your distance y tal vez algunos órganos internos. Si estás demasiado cerca podría matarte, así que mejor mantén la distancia. 場合によっては内部の臓器も破壊することがあります。あまり近くに立っていると死ぬ可能性があるので、距離を保った方がいいでしょう。

Let's go deeper. もっと深く進みましょう。

Second sample, the photosphere |||Photosphäre |||光球面

Beneath the chromosphere, is the glowing surface of the Sun: the photosphere, which produces the light we see. Unter|||||leuchtend|||||||||||| |||||輝く||||||||||||

It's covered in a grid of a million hot spots called granules. Each of them about as big as the United States, ||||Gitter|||||||Granulat|||||||||| |||||||||||粒子|||||||||| Het is bedekt met een raster van miljoenen hotspots die korrels worden genoemd. Elk van hen ongeveer zo groot als de Verenigde Staten,

and over 5,000 degrees Celsius.

These granules are the tops of convective columns, churning gas that brings the heat up from the center of the Sun to its surface. ||||Spitzen||konvektiv|Säulen|wirbeln||||||||||||||| ||||頂||対流の|柱|渦巻いている||||||||||||||| Эти гранулы являются вершинами конвективных столбов, взбалтывающих газ, который переносит тепло от центра Солнца к его поверхности. Bu granüller, ısıyı Güneş'in merkezinden yüzeyine taşıyan gazın çalkalandığı konvektif sütunların tepeleridir.

In these columns, a few hundred kilometres down, we take our second plasma sample. It has about the same pressure as our atmosphere on earth ||柱||||||||||||||||||||||

Though still much less dense for there. Its heat supports it, so it won't implode. Aunque todavía mucho menos denso para allí. Su calor lo soporta, así que no implosionará. それにしても、まだその場所でははるかに密度が低い。その熱がそれを支えているので、崩壊することはない。 Хотя все еще гораздо менее плотно для этого. Его тепло поддерживает его, поэтому он не взорвется.

Our sphere now carries twice as much energy, as much as 25 kilograms of TNT, that this time as heat. Unsere Kugel trägt jetzt doppelt so viel Energie, so viel wie 25 Kilogramm TNT, diesmal als Wärme. Nuestra esfera transporta ahora el doble de energía, tanto como 25 kilos de TNT, que esta vez en forma de calor. 私たちの球体は今、25キログラムのTNTと同じ量、すなわち2倍のエネルギーを運んでおり、それが今回は熱として存在している。

For a dazzling instant, this plasma would glow with a million times the brightness of the Sun seen from Earth, |||||||leuchten|||||||||||| |||||||輝く|||||||||||| Für einen schillernden Moment würde dieses Plasma mit einer Million Mal der Helligkeit der Sonne leuchten, wie von der Erde aus gesehen. Durante un instante deslumbrante, este plasma resplandecería con un millón de veces el brillo del Sol visto desde la Tierra, まばゆい瞬間に、このプラズマは地球から見た太陽の百万倍の明るさで輝くだろう。 На какое-то ослепительное мгновение эта плазма будет светиться с яркостью, в миллион раз превышающей яркость Солнца, видимого с Земли.

instantly lighting fires throughout our lab, but a few milliseconds later. Those fires are all that's left. sofort|||||||||Millisekunden||Diese||||| sofort Feuer in unserem Labor entflammend, aber nur wenige Millisekunden später. Diese Feuer sind alles, was bleibt. instantáneamente encendiendo fuegos por todo nuestro laboratorio, pero unos milisegundos después. Esos fuegos son todo lo que queda. мгновенно зажигает огонь по всей лаборатории, но спустя несколько миллисекунд. Те пожары - все, что осталось.

The plasma has cooled to harmless gas, floating up from the flaming ruins. |||||||schwebend||||flammenden| ||||||||||||廃墟 El plasma se ha enfriado hasta convertirse en gas inofensivo que flota entre las ruinas en llamas.

What if we go deeper?

Third sample. The radiative zone. |||strahlungs-| Derde steekproef. De stralingszone.

Here, the plasma is about two million degrees Celsius, and so dense and tightly packed, that it creates a sort of maze for itself. |||||||||||||||||||||Labyrinth|| Aquí, el plasma está a unos dos millones de grados centígrados, y es tan denso y apretado que crea una especie de laberinto para sí mismo.

Energy in the form of photons tries to escape,

but has to wander for hundreds of thousands of years, bouncing endlessly from particle to particle, until it eventually finds an exit. |||wandern|||||||hüpfend|||||||||||Ausgang pero tiene que vagar durante cientos de miles de años, rebotando sin cesar de partícula en partícula, hasta que finalmente encuentra una salida. но ему приходится блуждать сотни тысяч лет, бесконечно прыгая от частицы к частице, пока в конце концов не найдет выход.

Bringing matter from here to our lab, is what experts call, a very bad idea. Traer materia de aquí a nuestro laboratorio, es lo que los expertos llaman, una muy mala idea.

As soon as it arrives in our lab, the extreme pressure that holds the plasma tightly together is gone, En cuanto llega a nuestro laboratorio, desaparece la presión extrema que mantiene unido el plasma,

and the material explodes with the power of a thermonuclear weapon. Our lab as well as the city around it will be destroyed in an instant. |||||||||thermonuklear|||||||||||||||| |||||||||熱核|||||||||||||||| y el material explota con la potencia de un arma termonuclear. Nuestro laboratorio y la ciudad que lo rodea serán destruidos en un instante.

On the bright side, there won't be any radioactive fallout. Auf||||||||| Lo bueno es que no habrá lluvia radiactiva. 明るい側面として、放射性降下物はありません。

With our lab destroyed, we can abandon the illusion that we're trying to do any science today. What if we go much, much deeper? ||||||aufgeben||Illusion||||||||||||||| Con nuestro laboratorio destruido, podemos abandonar la ilusión de que intentamos hacer algo de ciencia hoy. ¿Y si vamos mucho, mucho más profundo? 私たちの実験室が壊れたので、今日は科学をしようとしているという幻想を捨てることができます。もっと、もっと深いところへ行ってみませんか?

Last sample. The core 最後のサンプル。コア

Here in the central 1% of the star, we find a third of the sun's mass. |||||||||||||Sonnen| Aquí, en el 1% central de la estrella, encontramos un tercio de la masa solar.

The matter here is compressed by the weight of the entire star above it. In the center of the core,

the temperature is 15 million degrees,

hot enough to make helium by smashing together hydrogen, powering the Sun by nuclear fusion. ||||||zusammenstoßen|||antriebend||||| lo suficientemente caliente como para producir helio mediante la fusión del hidrógeno, alimentando el Sol por fusión nuclear.

In billions of years after the death of the Sun, this core will remain as a white dwarf.

If we brought a sample of it to Earth, it would cause a lot of inconvenience |||||||||||||||Unannehmlichkeiten Если бы мы привезли его образец на Землю, это доставило бы массу неудобств.

The biggest nuclear weapon ever detonated, had an energy of 40 megatons of TNT, or a cube the size of the Empire State Building. ||||||||||Megatonnen|||||||||||| ||||||||||メガトン||||||||||||

Our sample has the equivalent of 4,000 megatons.

This is four billion tons of TNT, or a cube 1.3 kilometers high.

To give you a sense of scale this is the cube inside Manhattan. Para que te hagas una idea de la escala, este es el cubo dentro de Manhattan.

Once the sphere arrives on Earth, this super dense matter expands instantly and creates an explosion with the force of well, Как только сфера прибывает на Землю, эта сверхплотная материя мгновенно расширяется и создает взрыв с силой колодца,

the Sun.

If we get the sample in Paris, in the morning the citizens of London would see what looks like a second sunrise. |||||||||||||||||||||Sonnenaufgang

But, one that gets brighter and brighter, and hotter and hotter, until London burns to ashes. ||||heller|||||||||||Asche |||||||||||||||灰

In a radius of about 300 kilometres around the blast, everything would be burnt. ||Radius||||||||||verbrannt

The shockwave would travel around the Earth multiple times.

Most buildings in Central Europe would be flattened, eardrums would rupture, and windows break across the continent. ||||||||Trommelfelle||brechen|||||| ||||||||||破裂||||||

The explosion would be apocalyptic. ||||終末的な

possibly humans civilization ending.

If humans did survive, we could count on the dust blown into the atmosphere to create a small ice age. ||||||zählen||||geweht|||||||||

So, if there is one tiny bright side, it would be that the explosion might be an effective way to control ||||eine kleine positive Seite|||||||||||||||| Así que, si hay un pequeño lado positivo, sería que la explosión podría ser una forma eficaz de controlar

human-caused climate change for a few decades. антропогенное изменение климата на несколько десятилетий.

While this is definitely a good thing, all in all we conclude, that we should not try to bring the Sun to earth Aunque se trata de algo positivo, concluimos que no debemos intentar traer el Sol a la Tierra. これは確かに良いことですが、全体的に見ると、私たちは太陽を地球に持ってこようとすべきではないと結論づけます。

We've made a lot of questionable assumptions in this video, but our maths is real. If you're like us |||||fragwürdig||||||||||||| |||||疑わしい||||||||||||| このビデオでは多くの疑わしい前提を置きましたが、私たちの数学は本物です。もしあなたが私たちのようであれば、 我们在这个视频中做了很多值得怀疑的假设,但我们的数学是真实的。如果你和我们一样

and you enjoy using the power of math to calculate 数学の力を使って計算することを楽しんでいるなら

absurd ways to destroy stuff you may be interested in all the other things you can do with maths. For example, absurd||||||||||||||||||||

You could calculate how to mine mercury for silicon to build a Dyson Sphere, ||||||Quecksilber||||||| Podrías calcular cómo extraer mercurio en busca de silicio para construir una Esfera de Dyson,

determine how long it will take the Sun to burn out or simply do your taxes. |||||||||||||||Steuern определите, сколько времени потребуется Солнцу, чтобы выгореть, или просто уплатите налоги.

But as much as we love explaining these things, the best way to learn anything is by doing it yourself. Pero por mucho que nos guste explicar estas cosas, la mejor manera de aprender algo es haciéndolo uno mismo.

Brilliant is a problem-solving website that teaches you to think like a scientist by guiding you through problems they take concepts like these Brillant|||||||lehrt||||||||führend||||||||

break them up into bite-sized nuggets present clear thinking in each part, and then build back up to an interesting conclusion. ||||||Nuggets||||||||||||||| ||||||小さな塊||||||||||||||| dividirlos en trozos del tamaño de un bocado, presentar ideas claras en cada parte y, a continuación, reconstruirlos hasta llegar a una conclusión interesante.

If you visit brilliant.org/nutshell, or click the link in the description, you can sign up for free and learn all kinds

of things.

and as a bonus for Kurzgesagt viewers, the first 200 people will also get 20% off their annual membership.