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We'll explore this topic in more detail shortly, but first a question. |дослідити||тема||||незабаром|||| Exploraremos este tema con más detalle en breve, pero primero una pregunta.

Now it might seem like a random question, but all will become clear later, I promise. ||може|здаватися|||випадкове|||||стане зрозуміло|ясним||| Ahora puede parecer una pregunta aleatoria, pero todo se aclarará más adelante, lo prometo.

The chemical which was used to make cooking pans non-stick was discovered by accident, |хімічна речовина|який||||виготовлення|приготування|посуд||антипригарний||випадково виявили||випадково El producto químico que se utilizó para hacer antiadherentes a las sartenes fue descubierto por accidente.

when was this?

Was it… a) 1930s

b) 1960s or c) 1980s

What do you think, Sam? ¿Qué opinas, Sam?

Ah – well, first, I've no idea what non-stick cookware has to do with our topic of shame |||я маю|||||палка|посуд||||||||сором Ah, bueno, primero, no tengo idea de qué tienen que ver los utensilios de cocina antiadherentes con nuestro tema de la vergüenza.

but as to the question itself, I think it has something to do with Nasa and the space ||||питання|саме питання|||||щось||||NASA||| pero en cuanto a la pregunta en sí, creo que tiene algo que ver con la NASA y el espacio

programme, so I'm going to say 1960s. programa, así que voy a decir 1960.

Well, we will find out later in the programme if you are right. Bueno, averiguaremos más adelante en el programa si tiene razón.

The idea of shame is not new, by any means, but social media has made it a very modern |||сором||||звичайно ж|||||||||||сучасний La idea de la vergüenza no es nueva, de ninguna manera, pero las redes sociales la han convertido en una forma muy moderna.

concept, hasn't it? концепція||

Yes, when it's used as a verb, to shame someone, it means to say or write things in |||||||||когось||означає|||||| Sí, cuando se usa como verbo, avergonzar a alguien, significa decir o escribir cosas en

public designed to make other people feel bad about their behaviour and this is something публічний|спроектований|щоб|змусити|||||||поведінка|||| público diseñado para hacer que otras personas se sientan mal por su comportamiento y esto es algo

we see a lot In social media.

This topic was discussed on a recent edition of the BBC radio programme Woman's Hour. |жінки в бізнесі||обговорено|||недавній|випуск|||||||година

One of the guests was Hetta Howes from City University, London. |||гостів||Гетта|Гаус|||| Uno de los invitados fue Hetta Howes de la City University de Londres.

Does she think that shame is always a bad thing? ||||сором||||| ¿Piensa que la vergüenza es siempre algo malo?

If you have too much shame it's crippling, it's sort of debilitating and that's bad, |||||||麻痺させる||||衰弱させる||| |||||||калічить||сорт||паралізуючий|||погано Si tienes demasiada vergüenza, es paralizante, debilitante y eso es malo.

but the right amount of shame can be really positive because it effects change and I wonder |вибраний|правильний|правильна кількість||сором|||||||ефекти||||цікавлюсь pero la cantidad correcta de vergüenza puede ser realmente positiva porque produce cambios y me pregunto しかし、適切な量の恥は、変化をもたらすので、本当にポジティブな影響を与えることができます。

if we're starting to see that a bit in modern culture as well from sort of social media |||||||||||||з|роду||| si estamos empezando a ver eso un poco en la cultura moderna también en una especie de redes sociales そして私は考えています。

platforms because if someone's done something that we consider to be a little bit wrong, платформи||||||||вважаємо||||||неправильно plataformas porque si alguien ha hecho algo que consideramos un poco incorrecto, 私たちは現代の文化でも、ソーシャルメディアのようなプラットフォームからそれを少し見始めているのかと。なぜなら、誰かがちょっとした間違いをした場合、 платформы, потому что если кто-то сделал что-то, что мы считаем немного неправильным,

we can sort of publicly shame them and maybe effect some positive change. ||своєрідно|з приводу|публічно|||||||| podemos avergonzarlos públicamente y tal vez efectuar algún cambio positivo. その人を公然と恥じることができ、そしてポジティブな変化をもたらすかもしれません。 мы можем публично пристыдить их и, возможно, добиться каких-то позитивных изменений.

So is shame always bad?

Well, she does say that too much shame can be crippling and debilitating. ||||||||||паралізуючий||дебілітуючий Bueno, ella dice que demasiada vergüenza puede ser paralizante y debilitante.

Both these words mean that shame is so strong that we really can't manage the emotion, |||означають||||||||||||емоція Ambas palabras significan que la vergüenza es tan fuerte que realmente no podemos manejar la emoción,

we can't deal with it, we can't do anything to put it right. |не можем|впоратися|||||||||| no podemos lidiar con eso, no podemos hacer nada para corregirlo.

But she does say that a bit of shame can be positive because it effects change. ||||||трохи||||||||впливи|

This means that it causes change. ||||викликає| Это означает, что он вызывает изменения.

If someone is shamed on social media, it's very public and can mean that they change |||приниженний||||||публічний|||||| Si alguien se avergüenza en las redes sociales, es muy público y puede significar que cambia

their behaviour. |їхня поведінка

I suppose though there is one group I think have to accept public shaming, and perhaps |припустимо|хоча|там|||||||до|прийняти|публічне приниження|осуд публіки|і|можливо Supongo que, aunque creo que hay un grupo que debe aceptar la vergüenza pública y tal vez

deserve it more than others. заслужити|||| se lo merecen más que otros.

I think I can guess. ||||вгадати Creo que puedo adivinar.

Would it be politicians, perhaps? |||політики|можливо ¿Serían políticos, quizás?

These days we are very cynical about politicians, aren't we? |||||懐疑的 (かいぎてき)|||| |||||цинітичні|||| En estos días somos muy cínicos con los políticos, ¿no?

Social media is one area where the public can directly contact and comment on what their |||||||||безпосередньо||||||їх

representatives are or aren't doing. 代表者|||| представники||||

But politicians are a particular kind of person, aren't they? |політики|||особливий тип|||людина|| でも政治家は特別な種類の人物ですよね？ Але ж політики — особлива людина, чи не так?

Cultural historian Tiffany Watt-Smith made this comment on the same Woman's Hour programme. ||ティファニー||||||||||| культурний|історик культури|Тіффані|Ват|||||||той же||| 文化史家ティファニー・ワット＝スミスは、同じ『ウーマンズ・アワー』の番組でこのコメントをしました。

Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesn't experience that Сором|||бути|||корисним||||||||досвід| La vergüenza es ... puede ser muy, muy útil y la idea de alguien que no experimenta eso 恥は…非常に非常に便利であり、それを経験しない人物の考え方 Сором... може бути дуже корисним, і ідея того, хто цього не відчуває

at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's… that's a kind of frightening ||||||テフロン加工|||||||||| |взагалі|||сорт||Тефлон|покритий|політик||||це||||лякаюче en absoluto, como una especie de político recubierto de teflón, quiero decir, eso es ... eso es una especie de miedo まったく、ある種のテフロンコートされた政治家のように、私は、それは…それは種類の恐ろしいこと загалом, як такий собі тефлоновий політик, я маю на увазі, це... це якось лякає

image. зображення イメージ。

What's she saying here, Sam? що|||| ここで彼女は何を言っているのですか、サム？

She's talking about how some politicians to do not seem to be bothered by shaming. |говорить||||політики||||здаються|||турбуватися||соромлення Ella está hablando de cómo a algunos políticos no parece molestarles la vergüenza.

They just ignore it and move on. ||ігнорують|||| Simplemente lo ignoran y siguen adelante. Они просто игнорируют его и идут дальше.

She describes them as Teflon coated. |описує|||тефлонове покриття|покриті

This is – aha – a reference to non-stick cookware! ||ага||посилання||неклейкий||посуд для приготування Esto es, ajá, ¡una referencia a los utensilios de cocina antiadherentes!

Teflon is the brand name of the chemical which was used to make pots and pans non-stick. |||||||хімічна речовина||||||посуд||пательні|| El teflón es el nombre comercial del producto químico que se utilizó para fabricar ollas y sartenes antiadherentes.

The pans were coated or covered in this material. |пательні||покриті||покриті||| Las cacerolas se revistieron o cubrieron con este material.

The reference to politicians is that there are some to whom criticism and shame just ||||||||||яким|критика||| La referencia a los políticos es que hay algunos a quienes la crítica y la vergüenza justifican

don't stick. |не прилипай no te quedes.

They manage to avoid any negative consequences of their actions and this, she says, is scary. |керують||уникати|||наслідки|||||це||||страшний Se las arreglan para evitar las consecuencias negativas de sus acciones y esto, dice, da miedo. Им удается избежать любых негативных последствий своих действий, и это, по ее словам, пугает.

Here's Tiffany Watt-Smith again. ||||знову

Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesn't experience that сором||||||корисним|||||когось||||

at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's… that's a kind of frightening ||||||||||||||||лякаючий

image. зображення

It's nearly time now to review our vocabulary, but first, let's have the answer to the |майже||тепер|для|переглянути||||||||||

quiz question, which was about non-stick coating on cookware, or Teflon, as we heard. вікторина|питання||||||покриття||посуд для приготування|||||почули

When was it invented? a) 1930s |||винайдено||

b) 1960s or c) 1980s

What did you think, Sam?

I guessed the 1960s as I think it was invented as part of the US space programme. |припустив||||||||винайдено|||||||

Well, a lot of people think that and, like you, a lot of people are wrong.

It was actually discovered, by accident, in 1938. ||насправді||||

So well done if you got that right but no shame if you didn't! |||||отримали|||||||| Muy bien hecho si lo hiciste bien, ¡pero no te avergüences si no lo hiciste! Так что молодец, если у тебя все получилось, но не стыдно, если нет!

Now on with today's words. Ahora sigamos con las palabras de hoy.

OK.

Yes, we were talking about shame, an uncomfortable feeling of guilt and embarrassment at something |||||||незручне|||вина||сором|| Sí, estábamos hablando de vergüenza, un incómodo sentimiento de culpa y vergüenza por algo.

we've done. hemos terminado.

Shame can be crippling and debilitating. |||паралізуючий||паралізуючий La vergüenza puede ser paralizante y debilitante.

Both these adjectives mean making someone unable to deal with the situation. Обидва||нездатний безпорадний||||нездатний||справлятися з|з|| Ambos adjetivos significan hacer que alguien no pueda lidiar con la situación.

They can feel so badly about what they have done that they find it difficult to move forward ||||погано||||||||||важко|||продовжувати вперед Pueden sentirse tan mal por lo que han hecho que les resulta difícil seguir adelante.

emotionally. емоційно

We then had to effect change. Luego tuvimos que efectuar un cambio. Затем нам предстояло осуществить перемены.

This means to make change happen. |||||статися

Note this is 'effect' with an 'e' and not 'affect' with an 'a'. |||ефект||||||вплив||| Tenga en cuenta que esto es 'efecto' con una 'e' y no 'afectar' con una 'a'.

Teflon is a non-stick covering for cookware. |||||покриття||посуд для приготування їжі El teflón es un revestimiento antiadherente para utensilios de cocina.

And something that is coated with something is covered with something. |щось|||покритий|||||| Y algo que está cubierto con algo está cubierto con algo.

So Teflon coated means covered in Teflon.

Well, that's all for this programme.

We'll be with you again soon, but if you can't wait, you can find us in all the usual 私たちは|||||||||||||||||| ||||знову|незабаром|||||чекати|||знайти нас|||||звичних Pronto volveremos a estar contigo, pero si no puedes esperar, puedes encontrarnos en todos los

places on social media, online and on our app.

Just search for bbclearninglish. |||BBC Learning English Simplemente busque bbclearninglish.

Goodbye!

Bye!Neil

Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English. ||ласкаво просимо|||

I'm Neil.

And I'm Sam.

In this programme we'll be talking about the emotion of shame.

What can you tell us about this word, Sam?

Well, it can be a verb or a noun. ||||||||іменник

As a noun it's an emotion for the uncomfortable feeling we have when we feel embarrassed or ||||||||незручність|||||||сором'язливість|

guilty about something that we've done. винний|про||||

It's a very strong feeling. |||сильне| Es un sentimiento muy fuerte.

We'll explore this topic in more detail shortly, but first a question. |дослідимо||тема|||деталь|незабаром||||

Now it might seem like a random question, but all will become clear later, I promise. |||||||||||стати||||

The chemical which was used to make cooking pans non-stick was discovered by accident, |хімічний|||||||||||||

when was this?

Was it… a) 1930s

b) 1960s or c) 1980s

What do you think, Sam?

Ah – well, first, I've no idea what non-stick cookware has to do with our topic of shame

but as to the question itself, I think it has something to do with Nasa and the space ||||питання|||||||||з NASA||||

programme, so I'm going to say 1960s.

Well, we will find out later in the programme if you are right. |||||||в програмі||||| Bueno, averiguaremos más adelante en el programa si tiene razón.

The idea of shame is not new, by any means, but social media has made it a very modern |||||||||способів||соціальний||||||| La idea de la vergüenza no es nueva, de ninguna manera, pero las redes sociales la han convertido en una forma muy moderna.

concept, hasn't it?

Yes, when it's used as a verb, to shame someone, it means to say or write things in

public designed to make other people feel bad about their behaviour and this is something |спроектований|||||||||поведінка||||провокація почуттів

we see a lot In social media.

This topic was discussed on a recent edition of the BBC radio programme Woman's Hour. |||обговорено|||недавньому|випуск||||||Жіночої|

One of the guests was Hetta Howes from City University, London. |||гостів|||||||

Does she think that shame is always a bad thing?

If you have too much shame it's crippling, it's sort of debilitating and that's bad, |||||||калічить||своєрідно||дебілітуючий|||

but the right amount of shame can be really positive because it effects change and I wonder |||кількість||сором|||||||||||

if we're starting to see that a bit in modern culture as well from sort of social media |||||||трохи||||||з|різного роду|||

platforms because if someone's done something that we consider to be a little bit wrong, ||||||||вважаємо||||||

we can sort of publicly shame them and maybe effect some positive change.

So is shame always bad?

Well, she does say that too much shame can be crippling and debilitating. |||||||сором|||паралізуючий||дебілітуючий

Both these words mean that shame is so strong that we really can't manage the emotion, |||||||||||||||емоція

we can't deal with it, we can't do anything to put it right.

But she does say that a bit of shame can be positive because it effects change.

This means that it causes change. ||||викликає|

If someone is shamed on social media, it's very public and can mean that they change |||||||||публічно||||||

their behaviour. |поведінка

I suppose though there is one group I think have to accept public shaming, and perhaps |я припускаю|хоча|||||||||приймати||||можливо

deserve it more than others. заслуговувати||||

I think I can guess. ||||вгадати

Would it be politicians, perhaps? ||||можливо

These days we are very cynical about politicians, aren't we? |||||цині́чний||політики|не так ли|

Social media is one area where the public can directly contact and comment on what their |||||||громадськість||безпосередньо|||коментувати|||

representatives are or aren't doing. представники||||

But politicians are a particular kind of person, aren't they? ||||особливий тип|||||

Cultural historian Tiffany Watt-Smith made this comment on the same Woman's Hour programme.

Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesn't experience that ||||||корисним|||||||||

at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's… that's a kind of frightening ||||||||||||||||лякаючий

image.

What's she saying here, Sam?

She's talking about how some politicians to do not seem to be bothered by shaming. |||||||||схоже на те що|||потурбовані|по|

They just ignore it and move on.

She describes them as Teflon coated. |описує|||Тефлон|покриті Тефлоном

This is – aha – a reference to non-stick cookware! ||||посилання||||посуд для приготування

Teflon is the brand name of the chemical which was used to make pots and pans non-stick. |||||||хімічний|який||використовувався|||посудини||посуд||

The pans were coated or covered in this material. |||покриті||покриті|||

The reference to politicians is that there are some to whom criticism and shame just |посилання|||||||||яким|критика||сором|

don't stick. |не прилипай

They manage to avoid any negative consequences of their actions and this, she says, is scary. |||уникнути|||наслідки|||дій||||||страшно

Here's Tiffany Watt-Smith again.

Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesn't experience that ||||||корисним|||||||||

at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's… that's a kind of frightening ||||сорт||||політик||||||||лякаючий

image.

It's nearly time now to review our vocabulary, but first, let's have the answer to the |майже||||переглянути||словник||||||||

quiz question, which was about non-stick coating on cookware, or Teflon, as we heard. вікторина||який|||||||посуд для приготування їжі|||||

When was it invented? a) 1930s |||винайдено||

b) 1960s or c) 1980s

What did you think, Sam?

I guessed the 1960s as I think it was invented as part of the US space programme. |припустив||||||||винайдено|||||||

Well, a lot of people think that and, like you, a lot of people are wrong.

It was actually discovered, by accident, in 1938. De hecho, fue descubierto, por accidente, en 1938.

So well done if you got that right but no shame if you didn't!

Now on with today's words.

OK.

Yes, we were talking about shame, an uncomfortable feeling of guilt and embarrassment at something |||||||незручний|почуття||вина||сором||

we've done.

Shame can be crippling and debilitating. |||паралізуючий||паралізуючий

Both these adjectives mean making someone unable to deal with the situation. ||нездатні||||не здатний||впоратися|||

They can feel so badly about what they have done that they find it difficult to move forward ||||погано||||||||||важко просуватися|||

emotionally.

We then had to effect change.

This means to make change happen. |||||статися

Note this is 'effect' with an 'e' and not 'affect' with an 'a'. |це||||||||вплив||один|

Teflon is a non-stick covering for cookware.

And something that is coated with something is covered with something.

So Teflon coated means covered in Teflon. ||покритий||||

Well, that's all for this programme.

We'll be with you again soon, but if you can't wait, you can find us in all the usual ||||знову|незабаром|||||||||||||звичних місцях

places on social media, online and on our app.

Just search for bbclearninglish. |шукати||

Goodbye!

Bye!

Hello.

I'm Neil.

Hello.

I'm Dan. |Я Дан

Neil, aren't you going to say the 'welcome to 6 Minute English' bit?

Hmmm maybe. Хммм можливо|

How's your mood today, Dan? ||настрій||

Feeling happy? |щасливий

Oh yes, very happy.

I've just had lunch. |щойно||обід

What about you?

Well to be honest, I haven't had the chance to eat yet and it's making me a bit grumpy. ||||||||||||||||||機嫌が悪い |||||||||||ще|||||||похмурий Bueno, para ser honesto, todavía no he tenido la oportunidad de comer y me está poniendo un poco gruñón.

Why haven't you eaten?

Well, I was doing some research for today's topic which is all about feeling angry when |||||||||який|||||| Bueno, estaba investigando un poco el tema de hoy, que trata de sentirme enojado cuando

you are hungry.

You know what I'm talking about? ¿Tú sabes de qué estoy hablando?

Oh yes, we're talking about being ‘hangry'. ||||||голодний і злий Oh, sí, estamos hablando de estar 'hambriento'.

It's quite a new word, isn't it? |досить||||| Es una palabra bastante nueva, ¿no?

A combination of hungry and angry. |комбінація|||| Una combinación de hambre y enojo.

Yes, hangry is our topic.

But before we learn more about it, here's today's quiz. |перед||||||||

English has quite a few words which are made by joining two different words together like ||||||||||поєднуючи||||| El inglés tiene bastantes palabras que se forman uniendo dos palabras diferentes como

‘hangry', for example: brunch, motel, Brexit. |||||ブレグジット |||бранч|мotel|Брекзит 'hangry', por ejemplo: brunch, motel, Brexit.

What do we call these words?

Are they…

a) Suitcase words b) Portmanteau words, or |Валіза|||Портмантен|| a) Palabras de maleta b) Palabras de baúl, o