Hvorfor er det en pandemi? Warum ist es eine Pandemie? Why is it a pandemic?

Den 17. oktober 1918 udsendte Sundhedsstyrelsen en liste: On October 17, 1918, the Danish Health Authority issued a list:

"Forholdsregler mod udbredelse af influenza." "Precautions against the spread of influenza."

Man skulle undgå at blive nyst eller hostet på - You should avoid being sneezed or coughed on

- holde raske fra syge og ikke køre mere højst nødvendigt i sporvogn. - Keep healthy people away from sick people and don't drive more than necessary in the tram.

Årsagen var, hvad der senere blev kendt som den spanske syge. The cause was what later became known as the Spanish flu.

Influenzaen slog mindst 17 mio. ihjel fra 1918 til 1920.

Men ifølge forskere var det nærmere 50 mio., der døde af influenzaen. But according to researchers, it was closer to 50 million who died from the flu.

Den spanske syge er den mest dødelige pandemi i nyere tid. The Spanish flu is the deadliest pandemic in recent history.

Nu er vi igen vidne til en pandemi, der er alvorlig - Once again, we are witnessing a pandemic that is serious

- men ikke ligner den spanske syge, men der er stadig en pandemi. - but not similar to the Spanish flu, but there is still a pandemic.

WHO betegner nu udbruddet som en pandemi. The WHO is now designating the outbreak as a pandemic.

Pandemi. Pandemi. Pandemi. Pandemic. Pandemic. Pandemic.

For at forstå pandemien - To understand the pandemic

- skal vi tilbage til de første registrerede tilfælde i Wuhan.

Her skete der et "sygdomsudbrud". This is where a "disease outbreak" occurred.

Et sygdomsudbrud er en ofte lille stigning af et forventet antal syge. A disease outbreak is an often small increase in an expected number of sick people.

Mere opsigtsvækkende er opdagelsen af en ny sygdom som i Wuhan. More startling is the discovery of a new disease, as in Wuhan.

Så vækker udbruddet mere opsigt, for man ved ikke, hvad der er normalt. Then the outbreak raises more attention because you don't know what's normal.

Herfra spredte sygdommen sig hurtigt til andre områder i Kina.

Et udbrud i et større område kaldes en epidemi. An outbreak in a large area is called an epidemic.

Da personer uden for Wuhan blev testet positive - When people outside of Wuhan tested positive

- indså forskere, at det var ved at være for sent at stoppe spredningen. - scientists realized it was getting too late to stop the spread.

Men virusset spredte sig til mange andre lande. But the virus spread to many other countries.

Her ses flyafgange fra Wuhan. Here you can see flights from Wuhan.

Men der gik en del tid, før WHO brugte ordet "pandemi".2629 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:23,200 Definitionen af en pandemi er - But it took some time before the WHO used the word "pandemic".2629 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:23,200 The definition of a pandemic is

- hvis en epidemi har spredt sig til flere verdensdele. - if an epidemic has spread to multiple continents.

Men der er uenighed om, hvor meget der skal til, før det er en pandemi. But there is disagreement about how much it takes to make it a pandemic.

Hvis en amerikaner rejser hjem med coronavirus - If an American travels home with coronavirus...

- behøver det ikke være en pandemi -

- skønt sygdommen er i en ny verdensdel. - even though the disease is in a new continent.

Men hvis virusset fører til nye lokale udbrud - But if the virus leads to new local outbreaks...

- har forsøget på at bremse spredning slået fejl, og så er det en pandemi. - the attempt to slow the spread has failed and it's a pandemic.

I 1918 var verden i krig - In 1918, the world was at war.

- og soldaterne rejste over store afstande. - and soldiers traveled great distances.

Det gjorde det lettere for pandemien at spredes til civilbefolkninger. This made it easier for the pandemic to spread to civilian populations.

Men der er store forskelle. But there are big differences.

Vi har været igennem flere influenzapandemier siden. We've been through several flu pandemics since.

Efter den spanske syge kom den asiatiske influenza i 1957 - After the Spanish flu came the Asian flu in 1957 - the

- hvor 1-2 mio. døde. - where 1-2 million died.

I 1968 var verden vidne til Hong Kong-influenzaen. In 1968, the world witnessed the Hong Kong flu.

Der døde 1-4 mio. mennesker. Between 1-4 million people died.

Epidemien er den værste i mange år ud fra presset på lægevagten. The epidemic is the worst in years, based on the pressure on emergency services.

Den seneste er influenzapandemien i 2009, hvor op til 200.000 døde. The most recent is the 2009 flu pandemic, which killed up to 200,000 people.

Men værst var den spanske syge. But the worst was the Spanish flu.

Men vi er langt fra i samme situation som i 1918. But we are far from being in the same situation as in 1918.

At influenza spredte sig via et virus opdagede forskere først i 1933. Scientists first discovered that influenza was spread by a virus in 1933.

Der var ikke en organisation som WHO, der kunne overvåge spredningen. There was no organization like the WHO to monitor the spread.

De blev først stiftet i 1948. They were first founded in 1948.

Kommunikationen mellem landene i 1918 var en del ringere. Communication between the countries in 1918 was a lot worse.

De var i krig med hinanden. They were at war with each other.

Allerede dengang forstod man "social distance". Nogen gjorde. Even back then, "social distance" was understood. Someone did.

I 1918 reagerede to amerikanske byer vidt forskelligt. In 1918, two American cities reacted very differently.

Mens myndighederne i St. Louis gjorde alt for at holde folk adskilt - While the authorities in St. Louis did everything they could to keep people apart.

- afholdt Philadelphia en parade med 200.000 tilskuere - - Philadelphia held a parade with 200,000 spectators

- der overfyldte hospitalerne dage senere. - that flooded hospitals days later.

Kurven over døde for de to byer så vidt forskellige ud. The death curve for the two cities looked very different.

Det bliver brugt som bevis for, hvor meget social distance betyder. It's used as proof of how much social distance matters.

Danmark havde også fat i noget med sedlen fra 1918. Denmark was also on to something with the 1918 banknote.

Man skal udsætte forsamlinger, adskille de raske fra de syge. You have to postpone gatherings, separate the healthy from the sick.

Man skal bare ikke hoste i hånden. Det er ærmet nu. Just don't cough into your hand. It's the sleeve now.

Vi skal alle gøre en indsats for at stoppe smitten. We all need to do our part to stop the infection.

Følg de officielle råd, og hold dig opdateret på dr.dk og vores apps. Follow the official advice and stay updated on dr.dk and our apps.