L'estate di San Martino (418-425) - Ep. 27 (3)
the summer|of|Saint|Martin|Episode
Der Sommer des Heiligen Martin (418-425) - Ep. 27 (3)
O verão de São Martinho (418-425) - Ep. 27 (3)
The summer of San Martino (418-425) - Ep. 27 (3)
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Probabilmente se Valentiniano fosse stato a Ravenna non ci sarebbe stato alcun problema, ma stante le cose non c'era a Ravenna nessun candidato ovvio al trono dell'occidente, nessuno che il Senato e l'esercito potessero acclamare seduta stante Augusto.
probably|if|Valentinian|he had been|been|at|Ravenna|not|there|there would be|been|any|problem|but|given|the|things||there was|||no|candidate|obvious|to the|throne|of the West|nobody|who|the|Senate|||they could|to acclaim|sitting|immediate|Augustus
Probably if Valentinian had been in Ravenna there would have been no problem, but given the circumstances there was no obvious candidate for the throne of the West in Ravenna, no one whom the Senate and the army could immediately acclaim as Augustus.
I molti subordinati capaci che avevano fatto carriera sotto Costanzo iniziarono a sgomitare per guadagnare posizioni, fino a che le camere riunite – pardon – il Senato, i vertici burocratici e l'esercito si accordarono per incoronare augusto un burocrate di lungo corso, un certo Giovanni detto primicerio, perché era il primicerius notariorum, una sorta di Capo di gabinetto o di Ministro del governo imperiale.
the|many|subordinates|capable|who|they had|made|career|under|Constantius|they began|to|to jostle|to|to gain|positions|until|to|that|the|chambers|joined|sorry|the|Senate|the|top|bureaucratic|and|the army|they|they agreed|to|to crown|Augustus|a|bureaucrat|of|long|course|certain|certain|John|called|primicerius|because|he was|the|primicerius|of notaries|a|kind|of|Chief|of|cabinet|or|of|Minister|of the|government|imperial
The many capable subordinates who had risen through the ranks under Constantius began to jostle for positions, until the assembled chambers – pardon – the Senate, the bureaucratic leaders, and the army agreed to crown as Augustus a long-serving bureaucrat, a certain John known as Primicerius, because he was the primicerius notariorum, a sort of Chief of Staff or Minister of the imperial government.
Insomma, un leader nato.
in short|a|leader|born
In short, a born leader.
Dietro il nostro burocrate c'erano però i militari: innanzitutto Castino, ma anche una stella nascente del firmamento romano.
behind|the|our|bureaucrat|there were|however|the|military|first of all|Castino|but|also|a|star|emerging|of the|firmament|Roman
Behind our bureaucrat, however, were the military: first and foremost Castino, but also a rising star of the Roman firmament.
Un uomo di cui parleremo a lungo nei prossimi episodi, un generale e politico romano del tutto originale, un certo Ezio.
a|man|of|whom|we will talk|at|lengthy|in the|next|episodes||general|and|politician|Roman|of the|all|original||certain|Ezio
A man we will talk about at length in the upcoming episodes, a general and politician of entirely original Roman descent, a certain Ezio.
Flavio Ezio era nato – ma guarda un po' – in Illirico.
Flavius|Ezio|he was|born|but|look|a|bit|in|Illyricum
Flavius Ezio was born – would you look at that – in Illyricum.
Suo padre era forse di sangue gotico ma la madre era un'aristocratica italica, quindi Ezio non era il solito, duro militare illirico di umili origini.
his|father|he was|perhaps|of|blood|Gothic|but|the|mother|||Italian|so|Ezio|not||the|usual|hard|military|Illyrian|of|humble|origins
His father was perhaps of Gothic blood but his mother was an Italic aristocrat, so Ezio was not the usual, tough Illyrian soldier of humble origins.
In quanto rampollo di sangue blu gli toccò una giovinezza piuttosto movimentata.
In|as much as|heir|of|blood|blue|he|it fell to|a|youth|quite|eventful
As a scion of blue blood, he had a rather eventful youth.
Quando Stilicone strinse il patto con Alaric volto a invadere l'impero d'oriente, nel 405, Ezio fu uno dei rampolli di buona famiglia inviati come ostaggi per garantire l'accordo da parte romana.
when|Stilicho|he tightened|the|agreement|with|Alaric|aimed|to|to invade|the empire|of the east|in the|Ezio|he was|one|of the|young heirs|of|good|family|sent|as|hostages|to|to guarantee|the agreement|by|part|Roman
When Stilicho made the pact with Alaric aimed at invading the Eastern Empire in 405, Aetius was one of the scions of good family sent as hostages to guarantee the agreement on the Roman side.
Ezio visse con Alaric e i suoi fino al 408, a quanto pare ingraziandoseli visto che lo lasciarono andare nonostante la rottura del patto alla morte di Stilicone, nel 408.
Ezio|he lived|with|Alaric|and|the|his|until|at|to|as much|it seems|winning them over|seen|that|him|they let|to go|despite|the|break|of the|agreement|at the|death|of|Stilicho|
Aetius lived with Alaric and his people until 408, apparently ingratiating himself with them since they let him go despite the breakdown of the pact upon Stilicho's death in 408.
Aveva 17 anni.
he had|years
He was 17 years old.
Ravenna aveva però urgente bisogno di intrattenere buoni rapporti con gli Unni e quindi Ezio non fece a tempo a disfare le valigie che fu rispedito come ostaggio presso i feroci Borg e il loro re Uldin.
Ravenna|it had|however|urgent|need|to|to maintain|good|relations|with|the|Huns|and|so|Ezio|not|he did|at|time|to|to unpack|the|suitcases|that|he was|sent back|as|hostage|with|the|ferocious|Borg|and|the|their|king|Uldin
However, Ravenna urgently needed to maintain good relations with the Huns, so Aetius barely had time to unpack his bags before he was sent back as a hostage to the fierce Burgundians and their king Uldin.
Ezio passò diversi anni presso gli Unni, imparando a vivere e combattere come loro.
Ezio|he spent|several|years|with|the|Huns|learning|to|to live|and|to fight|like|them
Ezio spent several years with the Huns, learning to live and fight like them.
Imparò quasi sicuramente la loro lingua.
he learned|almost|surely|the|their|language
He almost certainly learned their language.
Il ragazzo aveva una chiara, innata e formidabile capacità di costruire rapporti di amicizia e relazioni politiche.
the|boy|he had|a|clear|innate|and|formidable|ability|to|to build|relationships|of|friendship|and|political|political
The boy had a clear, innate, and formidable ability to build friendships and political relationships.
Era scaltro e intelligente e gli Unni chiaramente adoravano questo strano e marziale principe Romano, così diverso dai suoi civilizzati coetanei.
he was|clever|and|intelligent|and||||||||martial|prince|Roman|so|different|from|his|civilized|peers
He was cunning and intelligent, and the Huns clearly adored this strange and martial Roman prince, so different from his civilized peers.
La apprezzarono al punto che Ezio fu sempre capace di contare sul loro aiuto negli anni a venire, cosa piuttosto ironica per quelli tra di voi che sanno con chi un giorno Ezio finirà per incrociare le spade.
the|they appreciated|at|point|that|Ezio|he was|always|able|to|to count|on the|their|help|in the|years|to|to come|thing|rather|ironic|for|those|among|of|you|who|they know|with|who|a|day|Ezio|he will end|to|to cross|the|swords
They appreciated him to the point that Ezio was always able to count on their help in the years to come, which is rather ironic for those of you who know with whom Ezio will one day end up crossing swords.
Occidente e oriente di nuovo in guerra
West|and|East|of|new|in|war
The West and East are at war again.
📷
📷
Costantinopoli
Constantinople
Constantinople
Proprio in virtù dei suoi antichi rapporti con gli Unni, Ezio verrà inviato da Giovanni e Castino presso i nomadi, con il compito di assoldare un esercito capace di combattere l'inevitabile guerra civile.
exactly|in|virtue|of the|his|ancient|relations|with|the|Huns|Ezio|he will be|sent|by|Giovanni|and|Castinus|with|the|nomads|with|the|task|to|to recruit|a|army|capable|to|to fight||war|civil
Due to his ancient relations with the Huns, Aetius will be sent by John and Castinus to the nomads, with the task of recruiting an army capable of fighting the inevitable civil war.
Perché il nuovo regime non si faceva nessuna illusione sulla risposta di Costantinopoli.
because|the|new|regime|not|itself|made|any|illusion|on the|response|of|Constantinople
Because the new regime had no illusions about the response from Constantinople.
Allo stesso tempo il regime ricevette anche la brutta notizia che Bonifacio, sempre un fedele seguace di Galla, rifiutava di riconoscere Giovanni e quindi manteneva Cartagine e l'Africa legata a Costantinopoli e alla dinastia legittima dei teodosiani: va da sé che le spedizioni di grano all'Italia cessarono immediatamente.
same|same|time|the|regime|received|also|the|bad|news|that|Boniface|always|a|faithful|follower|of|Galla|refused|of|||||||||||||||||||||||||grain|to Italy|ceased|immediately
At the same time, the regime also received the bad news that Boniface, always a loyal follower of Galla, refused to recognize Giovanni and thus kept Carthage and Africa tied to Constantinople and the legitimate Theodosian dynasty: it goes without saying that grain shipments to Italy ceased immediately.
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A Costantinopoli Teodosio e Pulcheria andarono ovviamente su tutte le furie e decisero di inviare i loro migliori generali a Ravenna: si trattava di Ardabur e suo figlio Aspar, due generali di etnia Alanico-Gotica.
At|Constantinople|Theodosius|and|Pulcheria|they went|obviously|on|all|the||and||of|||||||||||||||||||ethnicity||
In Constantinople, Theodosius and Pulcheria were obviously furious and decided to send their best generals to Ravenna: they were Ardabur and his son Aspar, two generals of Alan-Gothic ethnicity.
Per rendere ancora più chiaro il messaggio Teodosio e Pulcheria elevarono all'istante alla dignità di Cesare il loro nipotino: Valentiniano, che da questo momento chiameremo Valentiniano III.
to|make|even|more|clear|the|message|Theodosius|and|Pulcheria||at once|to the|dignity|of|Cesar|the|their|grandson|Valentinian|who|from|this|moment|we will call|Valentinian|III
To make the message even clearer, Theodosius and Pulcheria instantly elevated their little nephew to the dignity of Caesar: Valentinian, whom from this moment we will call Valentinian III.
Come era già accaduto due volte ai tempi di Teodosio una spedizione militare fu inviata in occidente per rimettere al loro posto degli usurpatori del divino diritto a governare della premiata ditta Teodosiana: non tutto andò per il liscio immediatamente, la nave di Ardabur fu mandata fuori rotta da una tempesta e il generale dell'oriente fu catturato dalle truppe di Giovanni e portato a Ravenna, in modo da usarlo come ostaggio.
as|it was|already|happened|two|times|at the|times|of|Theodosius|a|expedition|military|was|sent|to|west|to|to put back|to the|their|place|of the|usurpers|of the|divine|right|to|to govern|of the|awarded|company|Theodosian|not|everything|went|for|the|smooth|immediately||ship|of|Ardabur|was|sent|out|route|by|a|storm|and|the|general||was|captured|by the|troops|of|John|and|carried|to|Ravenna|to|way|to|to use it|as|hostage
As had already happened twice during the time of Theodosius, a military expedition was sent to the west to put back in their place some usurpers of the divine right to govern of the esteemed Theodosian company: not everything went smoothly immediately, Ardabur's ship was thrown off course by a storm and the general of the east was captured by John's troops and taken to Ravenna, in order to use him as a hostage.
Ma questa strategia fu controproducente: una volta a Ravenna, e in stato semilibero, Ardabur fece capire a tutti quelli che volevano ascoltarlo che una immensa armata orientale era in arrivo e che sarebbe stato molto utile alla salute dei presenti di cambiare bandiera prima che fosse troppo tardi.
but|this|strategy|it was|counterproductive|a|once|at|Ravenna|and|in|state|semi-free|Ardabur|he made|to understand|to|everyone|those|who|they wanted|to listen to him|that|a|immense|army|eastern|it was|in|arrival|and|that|it would be|to be|very|useful|to the|health|of the|present|to|to change|flag|before|that|it was|too|late
But this strategy was counterproductive: once in Ravenna, and in a semi-free state, Ardabur made it clear to all those who wanted to listen that a huge eastern army was on its way and that it would be very beneficial for the health of those present to change sides before it was too late.
All'arrivo di tale immensa armata molti dei generali di Giovanni defezionarono.
Upon the arrival|of|such|immense|army|many|of the|generals|of|Giovanni|defected
Upon the arrival of such a huge army, many of John's generals defected.
Dopo una breve battaglia Giovanni fu catturato e portato ad Aquileia, dove gli fu prima tagliata la mano e poi fu decapitato, come monito ai futuri usurpatori.
After|a|short|battle|John|he was|captured|and|carried|to|Aquileia|where|to him|he was|first|cut|the|hand|and|then|he was|beheaded|as|warning|to the|future|usurpers
After a brief battle, John was captured and taken to Aquileia, where his hand was first cut off and then he was beheaded, as a warning to future usurpers.
Diecimila ragioni per trovare un accordo
ten thousand|reasons|to|to find|a|agreement
Ten thousand reasons to find an agreement.
Il caso volle che esattamente tre giorni dopo si presentò ad Aquileia Ezio, di ritorno dalla Pannonia alla testa di un esercito di almeno 10.000 feroci cavalieri Unni che avevano risposto alla sua chiamata.
the|case|he wanted|that|exactly|three|days|after|he|he presented|at|Aquileia|Ezio|from|return|from the|Pannonia|at the|head|of|a|army||at least|ferocious|knights|Huns|who|they had|responded|to the|his|call
The case was that exactly three days later, Aetius arrived in Aquileia, returning from Pannonia at the head of an army of at least 10,000 fierce Hunnic cavalry who had answered his call.
Ezio con un'occhiata capì la situazione, ma non si scompose: aveva 10.000 buone ragioni per negoziare un accordo vantaggioso per lui.
Ezio|with|a glance|he understood|the|situation|but|not|he|he lost his composure|he had|good|reasons|to|to negotiate|a|agreement|advantageous|for|him
Aetius understood the situation with a glance, but he did not lose his composure: he had 10,000 good reasons to negotiate a favorable agreement for himself.
Ezio fece presente ai Teodosiani che avrebbe ancora potuto fare molti danni con i suoi Unni che – beninteso – si fidavano solo di lui.
Ezio|he made|present|to the|Theodosians|that|he would have|still|been able|to do|many|damages|with|the|his|Huns|who|of course|they|they trusted|only|of|him
Aetius made it clear to the Theodosians that he could still cause a lot of damage with his Huns who – of course – trusted only him.
Galla negoziò direttamente con Ezio e strinse un patto di compromesso: Ezio avrebbe ottenuto la carica di Magister Militum per Gallias, il plenipotenziario militare delle Gallie.
Galla|negotiated|directly|with|Ezio||he made|a|deal|of|compromise|Ezio|he would|obtained|the|position|of|Master|of soldiers|for|Gallia|the|plenipotentiary|military|of the|Gallia
Galla negotiated directly with Aetius and struck a compromise pact: Aetius would obtain the position of Magister Militum for Gallias, the military plenipotentiary of the Gauls.
I suoi uomini sarebbero stati lautamente pagati e lui sarebbe tornato nell'alveo del partito Teodosiano.
the|his|men|they would be|been|generously|paid|and|he|he would be|returned|into the fold|of the|party|Theodosian
His men would be well paid, and he would return to the fold of the Theodosian party.
Tutti felici.
everyone|happy
Everyone is happy.
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Fu così che, dopo questa breve campagna, nel 425 Valentiniano III e Galla Placidia poterono tornare a Ravenna da trionfatori: il 23 ottobre del 425 Valentiniano III fu proclamato Augusto dell'Impero d'occidente con tutta la pompa di cui era capace l'antica capitale, Roma.
it was|like this|that|after|this|short|campaign|in the|Valentinian|III|and|Galla|Placidia|they could|to return|to|Ravenna|as|triumphers|the|October|of the||||proclaimed|Augustus||of the West|with|all|the|ceremony|of|which|was|capable|the ancient|capital|Rome
It was thus that, after this brief campaign, in 425 Valentinian III and Galla Placidia were able to return to Ravenna as victors: on October 23, 425, Valentinian III was proclaimed Augustus of the Western Empire with all the pomp that the ancient capital, Rome, could muster.
Il suo sarà uno dei più lunghi regni dell'Impero Romano.
the|his|will be|one|of the|more|longest|kingdoms||Roman
His will be one of the longest reigns of the Roman Empire.
L'effimero trionfo dell'Oriente
the ephemeral|triumph|
The ephemeral triumph of the East
Il 425 segna una parziale svolta nella politica imperiale: l'oriente conquista inequivocabilmente l'occidente e pone fine ad un trentennio di disaccordi tra le due corti che durava dalla morte di Teodosio.
the|marks|a|partial|turning point|in the|politics|imperial|the east|conquers|unequivocally|the west||puts|end|to|a|thirty years|of|disagreements|between|the|two|courts|which|lasted|from the|death|of|Theodosius
425 marks a partial turning point in imperial politics: the East unequivocally conquers the West and puts an end to a thirty-year disagreement between the two courts that had lasted since the death of Theodosius.
L'Impero torna in sostanza unito, perché è ora chiaro a tutti che Teodosio – e di converso Pulcheria – hanno un ruolo molto più importante di quello dell'infante Valentiniano.
the Empire|returns|in|substance|united|because|it is|now|clear|to|everyone|that|Theodosius|and|of|conversely|Pulcheria|they have|a|role|very|more|important|than|that|of the infant|Valentinian
The Empire essentially returns to being united, because it is now clear to everyone that Theodosius – and conversely Pulcheria – have a much more important role than that of the infant Valentinian.
Teodosio diviene in sostanza l'augusto senior e Costantinopoli la vera capitale di tutto l'impero, ogni velleità di concorrenza di Ravenna viene definitivamente accantonata.
Theodosius|he becomes|in|substance|the Augustus|senior|and|Constantinople|the|true|capital|of|all|the empire|every|wish|to|competition|of|Ravenna|it is|definitively|set aside
Theodosius essentially becomes the senior Augustus and Constantinople the true capital of the entire empire, any ambition of competition from Ravenna is definitively set aside.
Valentiniano III fu anche fidanzato alla figlia di Teodosio, Licinia Eudossia, in modo da ricongiungere i due rami della famiglia imperiale, come faranno secoli dopo, a lungo, gli Asburgo di Spagna e Austria.
Valentinian|III|he was|also|engaged|to the|daughter|of|Theodosius|Licinia|Eudoxia|to|way|to|to reunite|the|two|branches|of the|family|imperial|as|they will do|centuries|later|||the|Habsburgs|of|Spain|and|Austria
Valentinian III was also engaged to Theodosius's daughter, Licinia Eudoxia, in order to reunite the two branches of the imperial family, as the Habsburgs of Spain and Austria would do centuries later.
Olimpiodoro, lo storico di questi anni travagliati dell'impero, conclude così la sua opera: la storia dei disastri dell'occidente sembra essere al termine, un imperatore legittimo e giovane siede sul trono degli augusti, con il pieno sostegno di Costantinopoli e sotto la guida della sua capace e scaltra madre, Galla Placidia.
Olympiodorus|the|historian|of|these|years|troubled|of the empire|concludes|like this|the|her||||||||||||||and|||||||||||||||||||||clever|mother||
Olimpiodorus, the historian of these troubled years of the empire, concludes his work like this: the history of the disasters of the West seems to be at an end, a legitimate and young emperor sits on the throne of the Augusti, with the full support of Constantinople and under the guidance of his capable and shrewd mother, Galla Placidia.
Si annunciano lunghi anni di pace per l'impero.
it|they announce|long|years|of|peace|for|the empire
Long years of peace are announced for the empire.
Nel prossimo episodio i Romani tornano invece a farsi la guerra: neanche Galla potrà governare da sola il caos dell'occidente, i dignitari della corte scateneranno una lotta senza quartiere per diventare il potere dietro al trono.
In the|next|episode|the|Romans|they return|instead|to|to make themselves|the|war|not even|Galla|she will be able to|to govern|by|alone|the|chaos|of the west|dignitaries||of the|court|they will unleash|a|fight|without|quarter|to|to become|the|power|behind|to the|throne
In the next episode, the Romans return to warring among themselves: not even Galla will be able to govern the chaos of the West alone, the dignitaries of the court will unleash a relentless struggle to become the power behind the throne.
Solo uno di loro riuscirà nell'impresa.
only|one|of|them|will succeed|in the endeavor
Only one of them will succeed in the endeavor.
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Grazie mille per la lettura!
thank you|thousand|for|the|reading
Thank you very much for reading!
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If|you want|to send me|comments|or|questions|write to me|at|info|ItalianHistory|com
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if|the|podcast|you|interests|you|please|to|leave|a|review|I|I read|all
If you are interested in the podcast, please leave a review, I read them all!
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follow me|on|Instagram|Facebook|or|Twitter|at the account|italiastoria
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Alla prossima puntata!
at the|next|episode
See you in the next episode!
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