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Hi, this is Steve Kaufmann here.

Uh, today I want to talk about how I learned Ukrainian.

Now, I have been doing most of my videos in my little studio, but today I'm going |||||||||||小||||| ||||||||||||studio|||| ||досі|досі|||||відео||||студії||сьогодні||

to do it in front of this painting. |做|||||| ||||devant|||tableau |||||||картини |||||||cuadro ||это|||||

And I'm going to tell you why, but first of all, if you enjoy my

videos, please subscribe, click on the bell for notifications. ||||||dzwonek||powiadomienia

And if you follow me on a, a podcast service, please leave a comment. |||||||||||||评论 |||||||||||laisser||

So before I get into talking about how I learned Ukrainian, I'll explain why I'm |||入る|入る|||||||||| ||yo||||||||||||

doing it in front of this painting here.

This is a print, of course it's not an original. |||impression||bien sûr|ce n'est|||original |||druk|||||| |||impresión||||||

It is uh...

[The Cafe Terrace on the Place du Forum]. кафе||||||| ||Cafe Terrace||||| |咖啡馆|||||| ||تراس کافه||||| |café|terraza||||del|foro ||Taras|||||

Painted by...

painted by van Gogh, van Gogh in English, the famous Dutch impressionist painter. |||Гог||Гог||||||импрессионист| ||van|Gogh||Gogh||||||impressionniste|peintre |||||||||||impressionist| |||ون گوگ||||||||امپرسیونیست مشهور|نقاش مشهور هلندی gemalt|||||||||||Impressionist| |||||||||||izlenimci| |||梵高||||||||印象派| |||Gogh||||||||impresjonist|malarz ||ゴッホ|ゴッホ||ゴッホ||||||印象派|画家 ||van Gogh|Gogh|||||||||

And I like doing it in front of this picture because it has the Ukrainian

colors, the blue and the yellow plus I very much liked this print and, you know, ||||||||||beğendim||||| |el||||||||||||||

van Gogh, van Gogh was a Dutch painter. Ван||||||| |||||||Maler ||||||Dutch| |Gogh||||||pittore

He spent a lot of time in France, Southern France, also in Normandy. |||||||||Франции|||Нормандия ||||||||||||Normandy ||||||||||também|| ||||||||||||Normandiya ||||||||||||Normandia ||||||||||||نورماندی ||||||||||||ノルマンディ

And as someone that is interested in languages, you won't be surprised to |||||||||تعجب نخواهی کرد|||

know that I kind of like the mixture of cultures and even in food, you |||||||mélange|||||||

know, Olive oil with my sushi or a wasabi with my French food or whatever. |оливковое||||суши|||васаби|||||| |Olive|||||||wasabi||||||anything |||||سوشی|||واسابی|||||| ||||||||Wasabi|||||| ||||||||wasabi|||||| ||||||||芥末|||||| |||||寿司|||わさび|||||| |||||sushi|||wasabi||||||

I like mixing things. |||choses ||混ぜること|

And similarly, I like mixing cultures and I like the way one |de manera similar|||||||||manera| і|також||подобається|мішати||||подобається|цей|спосіб|

culture leads you to another. |mène||| |führt||| cultura|conduce|||

Uh, and by exploring all these different cultures, you learn |||erkunden||||||

more and more about the world.

And my discovery of Ukrainian and Ukraine is a good example. ||||украинского|||||| ||découverte|||||||| ||Entdeckung||Ukrainisch|||||| ||||||||um|| ||||ucraniano||Ucrania||||ejemplo bueno

So, for most of my life, I knew next to nothing about Ukraine. ||||||||практически|о||| ||||||||presque||rien|de| |||||||knew|next to|||| ||||||私は||||||

I think like a lot of people, I thought it was some kind of appendage |||||||я|||||||приложение ||||||||||||||appendice ||||||||||||||attachment ||||||||||||||apêndice ||||||||||||||Anhang ||||||||||||||ek parça ||||||||||||||appendice ||||||||||||||附属物 ||||||||||||||przydatku ||||||||||||||付属物 ||||||||pensaba||||tipo||apéndice

to Russia, similar to Russia. в||||

And I didn't know much more than that. и|||||||

Uh, in 2000 and I would say six or seven, I started learning Russian, ||||||six||||||

uh, largely to see whether I could learn a Slavic language with all ||||si|||||||| ||||si podía|||||||| |głównie|||||||||||

the complicated grammar uh, without spending a lot of time on grammar. |||||||||||dilbilgisi |||||spędzanie||||||

So that was...

that plus having read, you know, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky in my late |||||||||в|| ||avoir||||||||| ||||||Tolstoy||Dostoevsky||| ||||||||||我| ||||||||Dostojewski||| ||||||||داستایوفسکی||| eso||||||||Dostoyevski|en|| ||||||Tołstoj|||||

teens, I thought it would be cool to read it in the original Russian. подростки||||||||||||| jeunes||||||||||||| gençler||||||||||||| nastolatków||myślałem||||||||||| Adolescentes|||||||||||||

So I was with Russian, learning Russian, enjoying Russian, listening to Russian

audio books, reading on LingQ and, um, of course in 2008 there was the war

in Georgia, which I followed because I followed Ekho Moskvy much to the в|||||||||||| ||||suivais|||||||| |گرجستان||||||||||| ||||||||||很多|| |Gruzji||||||śledziłem|Ekho|Moskwy|dużo|| ||||||||||mucho||

disappointment of many Russians who are caught up in the sort of propaganda déception||||||pris|||||| ||||||||||||propaganda decepção|||||||||||| ||||||verfangen|||||| hayal kırıklığı|||||||||||| |||روسی‌ها||||||||| decepción|de|||||atrapados|||||| rozczarowanie||||||||||||

world that has been created in Russia... ||||作られた||

They're the only good people in the world, everybody else is mean to them. они|||||||||||плохой|| ||||||||tout le monde||||| ||||||||wszyscy||jest||| |||buenas|||||todo el mundo|||||

And Ekho Moskvy was kind of tolerated as sort of a safety ||||||терпимо||||| ||||||tolérée||||| ||||||tolerated|||||safety ||||||容忍||||| ||||||許容されていた||||| ||||||tolerowana|||||

valve for a variety of opinions. клапан||||| valve||||| outlet|||||opinions 阀门||||| Ventil||||| açık kapı||||| valvola||||| دریچه نظرات مختلف||||| zawór|||rodzaj|| バルブ||||| válvula de opiniones|||||

A lot of these opinions were critical of the government, but you also had the |many|||||||||||||

communist party would be interviewed and the, you know, whatever his name was. |||||||||peu importe||| |||olacak||||||||| ||||entrevistada|||||||| ||by||przesłuchana||||||||

I can't remember...

can't remember and, um, extreme, uh, imperialists types, like, uh, I ||||||империалисты|||| ||||||impérialistes|||| ||||||imperialists|||| ||||||امپریالیست‌های افراطی|||| ||||||Imperialisten|||| ||||||imperialisti|||| ||||||帝国主义者|||| |||えっと|||帝国主義者|||| ||||||imperialiści|typów|||

think it's a Prokhanov was on there. |||Проканов||| |||Prokhanov||| |||Prokhanov||| |||普罗哈诺夫||| |||Prokhanov||| |||Prokhanov||| |||پروخانوف||| |||Prochanow||| |||プロハノフ||| |||Prokhanov|||

At any rate, so Russia invaded Georgia. 在|||||| at|||||invadió| w każdym|||||najechała|

I didn't pay much attention. |не||| |||beaucoup|

2010, there was an election in Ukraine and Yanukovych won. |||||||Янукович| |||||||Yanukovych| |||||||Yanukovych| |||||||یانکوویچ| |||||||Janukowitsch| |||||||Yanukovych| |||||||亚努科维奇| |||||||Yanukovych ganó| |||||||ヤヌコビッチ| |||wybory||||Janukowycz|

And of course the Russians were following that very closely, ||||Russen|||||genau |||||||||密接に |||||estaban||||

but still it was all far away. 但|||||| pero||||||

I didn't pay much attention.

Then in 2014, Russia took Crimea and I watched that and somebody |||||и||||| |||||||ai regardé||| ||||Crimea|||||| ||||Krim|||||| ||||クリミア|||||| ||||Krym||||||

told me that I could follow these events on Ukrainian television. |||||suivre||||| ||||podía||||||

So I started watching a program called Shuster Live and lo and behold, |||||||Шустер||||| |||||||Shuster||||| |||||||Shuster||and|look|| ||||||||||||پس شروع کردم به تماشای برنامه‌ای به نام شوستر لایو و ناگهان، |||||||Shuster||||| |||||||Shuster|||||ecco |||||||舒斯特||||| |||||||Shuster|||oto|| |||||||シュスター||||| |||||||Shuster en vivo|||he aquí||he aquí

on Shuster Live half the people speak Russian or spoke Russian, |Shuster||||||||| |シュスター|||||||||

half the people spoke Ukrainian.

And as I was listening to the Ukrainian, I felt as though I |||||||||||se| |||||||||||si| ||||||||yo|||como si| |gdy|||||||ja|czułem||jakby| ||||||||||もし||

should be able to understand it, but I couldn't understand it. ||||||||不能|| debería poder||||||||||

Very strange feeling because it's pronounced in many ways, kind of Очень странное чувство, потому что оно произносится по-разному, вроде как

sounds like Russian, but in fact, so many of the words are different.

So, uh, I decided that I would learn Ukrainian. |||zdecydowałem|że||||

And, uh, the, I bought some books on... ||||ai acheté|||

Starter books and also a radio free Europe, uh, out of Prague, uh, was |||||||||||پراگ|| |||||||||||Праги||

putting out Rádio Svobodná in Ukrainian put out regular interviews, um, ||Радио|Свободная||||||| ||Rádio|Svobodná||||||| ||Radio|Svoboda|||put|||| ||Radio|Svobodna||||||| ||radio|Svobodná||||||| ||电台|Svobodná||||||| ||Radio|Svobodna|||wydaje|||wywiady| ||ラジオ|Svobodná||||||| ||Rádio Svobodná|Svobodná|||||||

where they had both audio and text.

So knowing Russian and, and what I discovered was that like half the

words are like 60% of the words are like Russian, and so if I had, you |||||||||a|||||

know, audio material with transcript, then I could import that into LingQ.

And very quickly I could acquire new words.

I think my vocabulary count on LingQ in Ukrainian is like 50 or ||||conteo de vocabulario|||||||

60,000 known words, because so many words you can guess what they mean.

A few of you have to learn.

And I just listened.

I can imagine... я||

I think I've read one and a half million words of Ukrainian on LingQ.

I don't know how many hours I've listened to.

In fact, I'll show you, uh, in fact, let me show you my profile in Russian, |||||||||мне|||||| ||||||||||mostraré|||||

which shows that I began around 2007, and then you'll see my profile on Ukrainian, ||||||||خواهید دید|||||

which shows that I began around 2014. ||||ai commencé|

And you can see where I have been most active in those languages. ||||où||||le plus|||ces|

So listening to all this stuff and also Hromadske Radio which ||||||||Громадское|| |écouter|à||||et||Hromadske|Radio| ||||||||Hromadske|| ||||||||Hromadske|| ||||||||Hromadske|| ||听||||||Hromadske|| ||||||||Hromadske Radio|| ||||||||フロマッズケ|| |słuchanie||wszystkie|te wszystkie||||Hromadske||

is a very good source of audio of podcasts, but without transcript. ||||||audio|de|podcasts||sans|

So it was only after training myself on the Radio Free Europe material ||||||||||||matériel

that I was good enough to understand a lot of the podcasts on Hromadske ||||assez|||||des|||sur|Hromadske |||||||||||||Hromadske que|||||||||||||

Radio, most of which were in Ukrainian, some of which were in Russian.

So I was able to follow the events in the Donbas, but let's go back to Crimea. ||||||||||Донбассе||||||Крым ||||||||||Donbas|||||| ||||||||||Donbas|||||| ||||||||||Donbas|||||| ||||||||||顿巴斯|||||| ||||||||||Donbas|||||| ||||||||||ドンバス|||||| ||||||||||Donbás||||||

So I followed the events there. więc|ja|śledziłem|||

Uh, initially Russia claimed that the little green men with no military |||a affirmé||||verts|||| |zunächst||behauptete|||||||| ||||||little|green|||| |||twierdziła|||||||| |inicialmente||||||||||militar militar Э-э, изначально Россия утверждала, что зеленые человечки без военных

insignia were not their soldiers, which of course was not true. les insignes|||||||||| insignia|||||||||| 徽章|||||||||| Insignien|||||||||| simgeler|||||||||| le insegne|||||||||| نشان‌ها|||||||||| 徽章|||||||||| insygnia|||||||||| знаки различия не были их солдатами, что конечно не соответствовало действительности.

Uh, Putin subsequently admitted that yes... ||ensuite|a admis|| ||subsequently = later||| |پوتین|||| ||następnie|przyznał|| ||その後|認めた|| |Putin|posteriormente|||

you know, at first he said, oh, they just...

Those are just people who went and bought military, uh, uniforms at some store. ||||||||militaire||||| ||||who|went|||||||| ||||||||||Uniformen||| |||||fueron||compraron||||||

Uh, and then he admitted that they were in fact Russian soldiers and the events ||||a admis|||||||||| Эээ, а потом он признал, что это были на самом деле российские солдаты и события

in Crimea were planned by a group of agents who subsequently went to the Donbas ||||||||agents||ensuite|||| ||||||||agents|||||| ||||||||特工|||||| |کریمه||||||||||||| ||||||||||posteriormente|||| ||||||||エージェント|||||| |||zaplanowane|||||agentów||||||

and took what was a, quite a volatile situation and turned it into a war. |||||||volatile||||||| |||||||volatile||||||| |||||||volatile||||||| |||||oldukça||||||||| |||||||volatili||||||| |||||||بی‌ثبات||||||| |||||||niestabilną||||||| |||||||不安定な||||||| y||||||||||||||

And I followed this, uh, daily.

Uh, I followed it as, uh, you know, the, the people in the Donbas and stepping ||suis suivi|||||||||||||marchant |||||||||||||||pasando

back obviously there was a lot of tension. |||||||tension de regreso|||||||

You could see this at Shuster Live. |||||Shuster| |||||Shuster Canlı|

You had the representatives of the sort of pro Russian faction. У вас||||||||||фракции |||représentants|||||||faction ||||||||||group ||||||||||جناح طرفدار روسیه |||Vertreter||||||| |||temsilcileri|||||||grup ||||||||亲俄||派别 |||代表者|||||||派閥 ||||||||||frakcji

You had the uh, the, the right wing, more nationalistic types, like the head of |||||||aile||nationalistes||||| |||||||Flügel||||||| |||||||skrzydło||nacjonalistyczne||||| |||||el||ala derecha||||||| |||||||||ナショナリスティック|||||

Svoboda you had this guy ... who is a bit of a nutcase, also a right wing extremist. Свобода|||||||||||психом|||||экстремист Svoboda|||||||||||fou|||||extrémiste Svoboda|||||||||||crazy person|||||extremist ||||||||||||||||افراطی راست‌گرا Svoboda|||||||||||Verrückter|||||Extremist |||||||||||deli tip|||||aşırı sağcı Svoboda|||||||||||pazzo|||||estremista Svoboda|||||||||||疯子|||||极端分子 Svoboda|||||||||||wariatem||||| スヴォボダ|||||||||||おかしな人|||||過激派 Svoboda|||||||||||chiflado||||extremista de derecha|

You had everybody, and you had people who are subsequently, subsequently |||||||||随后| |||||||||ensuite| |||||||||subsequently| |||||||||później| |||||||||posteriormente|

identified as being corrupt. |||corrompu |||corrupt |||腐敗した zidentyfikowany|||korumpujący |||corrotto

You know, you had the sense of, of Ukraine is full of these people who are very |||masz||||||||||ludzi|||

eloquent and speak with great passion and a tremendous range of opinions, красноречивый||||||||||| éloquent||||||||||| articulate||||||||vast||| |||||Leidenschaft|||||| etkileyici||||||||||| فصیح و بلیغ||||||||||| 雄弁な||||||||||| elokwentny|||||||||||

and then Shuster Live as they speak the people in the audience vote on what ||||||说|||||||| |||||||||||Publikum|abstimmen|| |||||||||||audience||| ||||||||||||投票する|| |||||||||||publiczność|||

they think of what they're saying there. |||他们在想他们在那里说的是什么。|||

So it was obviously a period of tremendous tension because of the |||||période||||à cause||la

events of the maidan which have brought in, uh, a government, which |||майдан|||||||| |du||maïdan|||||||| |||square|||||||| |||广场|||||||| |||Maidan-Ereignisse|||||||| |||meydan|||||||| |||Maidan|||||||| |||میدان|||||||| |||Majdan|||||||| |||マイダン|||||||| |de||plaza|||traído|||||

was voted by all parties, by the way, uh, which was more pro Western. |voté||||||||||||occidental ||||||||||||pro| |votiert|||Parteien||||||||| |głosowano|||||||||||| |投票された|||||||||||| |||||||||||||prooccidental

It was more sort of pro nationalist, uh, than the previous это|||||||||| ||||||Nationalist|||| |||||pro||||| |||||プロ|||||

government under Yanukovych. ||Yanukovych

And there were people in Eastern Ukraine. |||||l'est de|

who didn't want that.

These are people who had voted for Yanukovych, they're guy fled. ||||||||они||убежал ||||||||||s'est enfui ||||||||||has fled ||||||||||فرار کرده ||||||||||kaçtı ||||||||||fuggito ||||||||他|| ||||||||||uciekł ||||||||||逃げた ||||||||ellos||huyó

So obviously they're upset. |||infastiditi |||zmartwieni

I'm watching this in Ukrainian every day, following it.

If I get my, a podcast from, uh, Radio Svoboda, I've now got a text. |||||||||رادیو آزادی||||| |||||||||Svoboda||maintenant|||texte

So I'm very interested in the subject. |je suis|très|intéressé|||sujet

I'm following it as a, you know, Girkin is the first minister of war for the Dunbas. |||||||Гиркин|||||||||Донбасс |||||||Girkin||||ministre|de|guerre||| |||||||Girkin||||minister|||||Donbas |||||||Girkin|||||||||Dunbas |||||||Girkin|||||||||Dunbas |||||||吉尔金|||第一||||||顿巴斯 |||||||Girkin|||||||||Donbas |||||||ヒルキン|||||||||ドンバス |||||||Girkin|||||||||

They call themselves The Donetsk People's Republic. ||se|||République|République ||||Donetsk|People's| |||||مردم| ||||Donetsk|| ||||Donetsk|| ||||顿涅茨克|| ||||ドネツク|| ||||Donieck||

Borodai Is the prime minister of The Donetsk People's Republic. Бородай||||||||| Borodai|||ministre||de||Donetsk|République|République Borodai||||||||| Borodai||||||||| Borodai||||||||| 博罗代||||||||| Borodai||||||||| ボロダイ|||||||ドネツク|| Borodai|||||||||

There's a guy called Bessler who is some kind of a sleeping russian GRU ||||Бесслер|||||||||ГРУ ||||Bessler||est|||||endormi|russe|GRU ||||Bessler|||||||||GRU ||||贝斯勒|||||||||格鲁 ||||Bessler|||||||||GRU ||||Bessler|||||||||askeri istihbar ||||Bessler|||||||||GRU هست|||||||||||||سازمان اطلاعات نظامی روسیه ||||Bessler(1)|||||||||agente ||||ベスラー|||||||||GRU ||||Bessler|||||||||GRU

agent that's been living there and he organizes, you know, uh, militia. |||||||||||милиция |||||||||||milice |||||||||||armed group |||||||organisiert|||| |||||||||||milizia |||||||||||民兵 |||||||||||民兵 agent|||||||organizuje||||milicję

And so they go from storming a government buildings to eventually |||||штурма||||| |||||prendre d'assaut||||| |||||storming||||| |||||یورش به||||| |||||stürmen||||| |||||baskın yapmak||||| |||||assaltare||||| ||他们|||||||| |||||襲撃する|||||

having some kind of an armed force. |||||bewaffneten| ter uma espécie de força armada.

There was a war.

Uh, Ukrainian army is very poorly organized between the Ukrainian |||||mal|||| ||軍||||||| |||||słabo||||

army and volunteers, largely from Eastern Ukraine, they fight back. ||||||||walczą|walczą 軍||||||||| ||voluntarios|||||ellos (1)|luchan|

They were able to eventually arrive at a sort of a cease fire line after the |||||||||||cesser|||| |||||||||||cease|||| |||||||||||Waffenstillstand|||| |||||||||||ateşkes|||| 他们||||||||||||||| |||||dotrzeć||||||zawieszenie|ogniu||| |||||||||||停戦|||| ||||||||||una|||||

intervention of the Russian regular Russian army to prevent the Ukrainian army مداخله ارتش روسیه||||||||||| intervention||||régulière||||||| intervention||||||||||| 介入||||||||||| interwencja|||||||||||

from actually taking back that whole area. ||забрать|||| |||||entièrement|zone ||geri alma|||| de||||||

There were people killed on both sides, mostly soldiers, Ukrainian |||||||surtout||

soldiers, Ukrainian government soldiers, volunteers on the Ukrainian side, the

uh separatist fighters on the other side, Russian soldiers from Ossetia |сепаратист|||||||||Осетия |séparatistes|combattants||||||||l'Ossecie |separatist|||||||||Ossetia |分裂主义者|||||||||奥塞梯 ||||||||||Ossetien |ayrılıkçı||||||||| |separatisti|||||||||Ossezia |جداطلب||||||||| |分離主義者|戦闘員||||||||オセチア |separatystycznych|bojownicy||||||||Osetia

or wherever they came, Yakutia, there was quite a few sort of Mongolian ||||Якутия|||||||| ||||||||||||Mongolian ||||Jakutien|||||||| ||||Yakutia|||||||| ||||雅库特|||||||| ||||ヤクーツク|||||||| ||||Jakucja||||||||

types there who were, um, shown... |||||gösterilen |||||pokazani

you know, some of them were in hospital with serious, with serious burns. |||||étaient||hôpital||||| |||||||hospital|||||burns |||||||病院|||||やけど ||||||||||||quemaduras graves ||||||||||||oparzenia

It's a very unhappy situation. |||malheureuse| |||不幸な| |||nieszczęśliwa|

A lot of people fled, displaced people to other parts of Ukraine, |||||déplacées|||||| ||||fled|forced to relocate|||||| |||||流离失所的|||||| ||||flüchteten|vertriebene|||||| |||||yerinden edilmiş|||||| |||||آواره‌شده|||||| |||||przesiedlonych|||||| |||||避難した|||||| ||||huyeron|||||||

some fled to Russia, a total death toll is supposedly around 15,000. |||||||bilan||| |||||total|death|toll||presumibilmente| |||||||bilancio delle vittime||| |||||||死亡人数||| |||||||ofiar||| |||||||犠牲者数||| |huyeron|||un|||peaje de muertes||supuestamente|

I followed it every day. |||chaque|jour

And so with that my Ukrainian comprehension improved. |||cela|||compréhension|s'est améliorée

Now, uh, I, at some point I said, I should start speaking Ukrainian, very ||||某个||||||||| |||||||ai dit||||parler||

difficult to do because I'm so used to speaking Russian, but I had a Russian ||||||accustomed|||||||| трудно сделать, потому что я так привык говорить по-русски, но у меня был русский

tutor who was actually from Ukraine. |||en fait|| nauczyciel||||| репетитор, который был на самом деле из Украины.

And so slowly, slowly, I started speaking Ukrainian with her. ||||||à parler||| И так медленно-медленно я начал говорить с ней по-украински.

She subsequently immigrated to the United States with her husband and family. ||a immigré||les||||||| ||emigrowała||||||||| |daha sonra|||||||||| |successivamente|||||||||| |Posteriormente|||||||||| Впоследствии она иммигрировала в Соединенные Штаты с мужем и семьей.

Uh, then I found two more tutors, one in Lviv and one in Dnipro. |||||deux autres|tuteurs|||||||Dnipro |||||||||Lviv||||Dnipro |||||||||||||Dnipro |||||||||Lviv||||Dnipro |||||||||||||第聂伯 |||||||||||||ドニプロ ||||||nauczycieli|||||||Dniepr А потом я нашла еще двух репетиторов, одного во Львове и одного в Днепре.

Uh, the one in Dnipro eventually at some point, uh, with all of the shelling going ||||||||||||||обстрелах| ||||||||||||||bombardement| ||||||||||||||bombardment| ||||||||||||||bombardeio| ||||||||||||||Beschuss| ||||||||||||||topçu ateşi| ||||||||||||||bombardamenti| ||||||||||||||轰炸| ||||||||||||||ostrzał| ||||ドニプロ||||||||||砲撃| ||||||||||||||bombardeo|

on back and forth across the demarcation line and people living, uh, without ||||||demarcation|||||| ||||||sınır çizg|||||| |||wprzód|||linii demarkacyjnej|linii||||| ||y|hacia adelante|||||||||

gas, without water, I said, I want to do something to help those people.

Uh, my, uh, Ukrainian tutor in Dnipro introduced me to |||||||m'a présenté||

this small non-governmental organization in a ...which is a |||государственной|||||| |||gouvernementale|||||| |||governmental|||||| |||governativo|||||| |||دولتی|||||| |||政府の|組織||||| |||rządowej|||||| эта небольшая неправительственная организация в ... которая является

suburb of the city of Donetsk. пригорода||||| banlieue|||||Donetsk suburb||||| Vorort||||| şehir dışı||||| suburbio||||| 顿涅茨克的郊区||||| ドネツク市の郊外||||| przedmieście|||||

And every quarter I sent the money so that they could buy, um, you ||Viertel||||||||||| |her çeyrek|||||||||||| ||trimestre|||||||||||

know, diapers for old people. |подгузники||| |couches||| |diapers||| |fraldas geriátr||| |尿布||| |Windeln||| |yaşlılar için||| |pannolini||| |پوشک بزرگسالان||| |pieluchy||| |おむつ||| |Pañales para adultos|||

We built, uh, kitchens for school, for a school, a little park. |||кухни|||||||| ||||||||||petit|parc |||آشپزخانه‌ها|||||||| |||cucine|||||||| 我们|||厨房|||||||| |||cocinas|||||||| |||キッチン|||||||| |||kuchnie||||||||

They did a whole bunch of stuff to improve the quality of life of those people. ||||bande de|||||la|||||ces| ||||Menge||||||||||| ||||mucchio|||||||||||

I eventually did visit, was very well received. ||||很||| ||ai|||||reçu ||||||well| |||||||ağırlanmış

Kids were singing and dancing and, uh, I got the bread and salt ||||||||||хлеб|| ||||||||||pain|| ||||||||||Brot||Salz ||||tańczyć|||||||| ||cantando||||||||||sal y pan

treatment and, uh, and most people in Eastern Ukraine speak Russian, |||||||l'est de||| Behandlung|||||||||| tratamiento|||||||||| лечение и, ну, и большинство людей на востоке Украины говорят по-русски,

but some of them do speak Ukrainian. но некоторые из них говорят по-украински.

So I went there.

I was also in Kiev and then I was in Lviv, which is a wonderful city. ||||کی‌یف||||||||||| ||||Kiew||||||||||| ||||||||||Lviv|||||

And again, when we're talking about the sort of connections of languages |||||||||связей|| |||||||||powiązań||

and peoples one of the other aside from Radio Svoboda, another major source |||||||||رادیو آزادی||| ||||||à part|||||| ||||||abgesehen|||||| ||uno||||||||otra fuente|| ラジオ・スヴォボダ以外の人々、別の主要な情報源

of my, uh, listening and reading in Ukrainian was the history of Ukraine.

And I have a number of these, um, audio books, eBooks, I in

particular liked lay on it, uh, Leonid Zalizniak. ||||||Леонид|Зализняк ||||||Leonid|Zalizniak |liked|lay||||Leonid|Zalizniak ||||||列昂尼德|扎利兹尼亚克 |||||||Zalizniak |beğenilen|yatan||||| ||||||Leonid|Zalizniak ||||||لئونید زالیزنیاک| ||leżał|na|||Leonid|Zalizniak 特に||||||レオニード|ザリズニャク |gustaba|acostarse sobre||||Leonid Zalizniak|Zalizniak

And so I listened and listened to listen to and read in Ukrainian. |||||listened||||||| |ve böylece|||||||||||

I discovered lo and behold, what I didn't realize that Ukraine had ahistory which ||||||||||||история| ||||||||||||une histoire| ||||||||||||a history| ||||||||||||历史| ||||||||||||eine Geschichte| ben|keşfettim||ve|||||||||bir tarihi| ||||ecco||||||||una storia| ||ببینید||نگاه کن||||||||| ||||||||||||historię|którą ||||||||||||歴史| yo||"he aquí"||he aquí||||||||una historia|

involved the original ... which involved being invaded by the Mongols, which |||||||||مغول‌ها| ||||||envahie|||| ||||||invaded|||| |||la cual||||||| dotyczyło|||które|||||||

then involved them being conquered by the Lithuanians who are welcomed by the ||||покорены|||литовцами||||| ||||||||||accueillis|| ||||being conquered = being defeated|||Lithuanians||||| |||||||Litauer||||| ||||fethedilmek|||||||| ||||||||||bien recibidos por|| ||||||||||歓迎される|| ||||podbici||||||są witani||

Ukrainians because they were pushing back against the Mongols, uh, that eventually |parce que|||||||||| ||||pushing||||||| |||||||||||eventualmente

become becomes the Lithuanian, Polish or Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. ||||||||Commonwealth |||Lithuanian|||||Commonwealth convertirse en||||||||Mancomunidad

The Poles, uh, but, but there's a whole history of, of interaction ||||||||histoire||| |Poles|||||||||| |||||||||||interakcji los|los polacos||||||||||

between Ukrainians and Poles. |||polacchi |||polacos

And so that the vocabulary in Ukrainian is closer to Polish. и|||||||||| ||||||||plus proche|| ||||||||bliższe||

I don't know if the Poles influenced the Ukrainian language or the Ukrainians ||||||wpłynęli||||||

influenced the Polish language, or they all came from some church Slavonic. ||||||||||церкви| ||||||||||église|slavon ||||||||||church|Slavonic |||||||||||Slawisch |||||||||||slavo |||||||||||اسلاوی کلیسا |||||||||||słowiańskiego ||||||||||教会|スラヴ語 ||||||||||iglesia ortodoxa|eslavo eclesiástico

I have no idea, but the fact is that from a vocabulary point of